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Song G, Feng G, Li Q, Peng J, Ge W, Long Y, Cui Z. Transcriptomic Characterization of Key Factors and Signaling Pathways for the Regeneration of Partially Hepatectomized Liver in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7212. [PMID: 39000319 PMCID: PMC11241411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy (PHx) has attracted intensive research interests due to the great significance for liver resection and transplantation. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent model to study liver regeneration. In the fish subjected to PHx (the tip of the ventral lobe was resected), the lost liver mass could be fully regenerated in seven days. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the liver regeneration remain largely unknown. In this study, gene expression profiles during the regeneration of PHx-treated liver were explored by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The genes responsive to the injury of PHx treatment were identified and classified into different clusters based on the expression profiles. Representative gene ontology (GO) enrichments for the early responsive genes included hormone activity, ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing, etc., while the late responsive genes were enriched in biological processes such as glutathione metabolic process, antioxidant activity and cellular detoxification. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments were also identified for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the time-series samples and the sham controls. The proteasome was overrepresented by the up-regulated genes at all of the sampling time points. Inhibiting proteasome activity by the application of MG132 to the fish enhanced the expression of Pcna (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), an indicator of hepatocyte proliferation after PHx. Our data provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regeneration of PHx-treated liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Song
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guohui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yong Long
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Zhu Q, Ren S, Sun Z, Qin J, Sheng X. Identification of biomarkers of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by bioinformatics analysis and single-cell sequencing analysis combined with in vivo validation. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101928. [PMID: 37704087 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious clinical complication of kidney injury. This research dealt with investigating the hub genes and pathways associated with renal IRI. METHODS The transcriptome expression dataset of mouse renal ischemia samples (GSE39548) was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered by R software for key genes utilized for gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and gene enrichment analysis (GSEA). The gene co-expression network was developed by WGCNA analysis to screen important modules. Hub genes from the intersection of DEGs and WGCNA were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The biomarkers obtained by SVM-REF and LASSO algorithm were validated by other datasets and subjected to GSEA analysis. The expression of biomarkers in renal IRI was detected by qRT-PCR and subjected to single-cell analysis. RESULTS A total of 157 DEGs were discovered. Biological function analysis depicted that the DEGs were primarily involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, as well as the signaling pathways IL-17, MAPK, and TNF. The intersection of DEGs and the genes obtained by WGCNA analysis yielded 149 hubs genes. Based on SVM-REF and LASSO algorithm, cyp1a1 and pdk4 were determined as potential biomarkers in individuals with renal ischemia and showed good diagnostic value. qRT-PCR results depicted that cyp1a1 and pdk4 were significantly up-regulated in renal ischemia mice (P < 0.05). Finally, the single-cell analysis identified the expression of Cyp1a1 and Pdk4 in mice kidney tissue. CONCLUSION cyp1a1 and pdk4 were identified to play important roles in renal IRI. This research provides a new perspective and basis for studying the pathogenesis of renal IRI and developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shiqi Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Xiaoming Sheng
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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3
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Xu J, Sun X, Qin F, Wang X, Chen Q, Yan R. Protective effects of salvianolic acid B on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by regulating the AhR/IL-22/STAT6 axis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:73-82. [PMID: 37387514 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2204949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IIRI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) could exert neuroprotective effects on reperfusion injury after cerebral vascular occlusion, but its effect on IIRI remains unclear. This study set out to investigate the protective effects of Sal-B on IIRI in rats. METHODS The rat IIRI model was established by occluding the superior mesenteric artery and reperfusion, and they were pretreated with Sal-B and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist CH-223191 before surgery. Pathological changes in rat ileum, IIRI degree, and intestinal cell apoptosis were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin staining, Chiu's score scale, and TUNEL staining, together with the determination of caspase-3, AhR protein level in the nucleus, and STAT6 phosphorylation by Western blotting. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α) and IL-22 were determined by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in intestinal tissues were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Sal-B alleviated IIRI in rats, evidenced by slight villi shedding and villi edema, reduced Chiu's score, and diminished the number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 expression. SAL-B alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) responses induced by IIRI. Sal-B promoted IL-22 secretion by activating AhR in intestinal tissue after IIRI. Inhibition of AhR activation partially reversed the protective effect of Sal-B on IIRI. Sal-B promoted STAT6 phosphorylation by activating the AhR/IL-22 axis. CONCLUSION Sal-B plays a protective role against IIRI in rats by activating the AhR/IL-22/STAT6 axis, which may be achieved by reducing the intestinal inflammatory response and OS responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruicheng Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Deng F, Hu JJ, Lin ZB, Sun QS, Min Y, Zhao BC, Huang ZB, Zhang WJ, Huang WK, Liu WF, Li C, Liu KX. Gut microbe-derived milnacipran enhances tolerance to gut ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100979. [PMID: 36948152 PMCID: PMC10040455 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
There are significant differences in the susceptibility of populations to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that mice exhibit significant differences in susceptibility to I/R-induced enterogenic sepsis. Notably, the milnacipran (MC) content in the enterogenic-sepsis-tolerant mice is significantly higher. We also reveal that the pre-operative fecal MC content in cardiopulmonary bypass patients, including those with intestinal I/R injury, is associated with susceptibility to post-operative gastrointestinal injury. We reveal that MC attenuates mouse I/R injury in wild-type mice but not in intestinal epithelial aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene conditional knockout mice (AHRflox/flox) or IL-22 gene deletion mice (IL-22-/-). Collectively, our results suggest that gut microbiota affects susceptibility to I/R-induced enterogenic sepsis and that gut microbiota-derived MC plays a pivotal role in tolerance to intestinal I/R in an AHR/ILC3/IL-22 signaling-dependent manner, revealing the pathological mechanism, potential prevention and treatment drugs, and treatment strategies for intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jing-Juan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ze-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qi-Shun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yue Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bing-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wen-Kao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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5
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Molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on Con A-induced acute liver injury in mice. Res Vet Sci 2023; 156:60-65. [PMID: 36791578 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MG-132, an aldehyde-based peptide proteasome inhibitor (PI) that binds to the proteasome and reversibly inhibits proteasome activity, has been widely used in experimental research. However, it is not clear whether MG-132 has anti-inflammatory effects on liver injury. The molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of the PI MG-132 on Con A-induced acute liver injury (ALI) mice was investigated by ELISA, HE, q RT-PCR, and IHC. The results showed that the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and TNF-α and IL-6 contents of mice in the high and medium dose groups were reduced compared with those in the ALI group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in liver tissues were significantly increased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased. The pathological sections of mice in the ALI group showed typical ALI manifestations such as significant central venous stasis of liver tissues, cell swelling, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The pathological damage of liver tissues was relieved significantly in the three dose groups, especially in the high-dose group. The transcriptional level of TLR4/NF-κB pathway key factors mRNA was significantly reduced, and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB P65 protein in liver tissues was significantly and positively correlated with the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that MG-132 can alleviate the inflammatory response to Con A-induced ALI and exert a hepatoprotective effect, and its anti-inflammatory effect is related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
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6
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Targeting AMPK signaling in ischemic/reperfusion injury: From molecular mechanism to pharmacological interventions. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Yu J, Wang N, Gong Z, Liu L, Yang S, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Cytochrome P450 1A2 overcomes nuclear factor kappa B-mediated sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 40:492-507. [PMID: 33184472 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance has become the main obstacle in the effective treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a newly identified mechanism that contributes to desensitized sorafenib. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC and its expression is negatively associated with NF-κB in the liver. This study aimed to study whether CYP1A2 could overcome sorafenib resistance. To investigate whether CYP1A2 and NF-κB p65 played roles in sorafenib desensitization, we established sorafenib-resistant (SR) HCC cells. SR cells decreased the expression of CYP1A2 along with the upregulation of NF-κB p65. CYP1A2 overexpression attenuated SR cell proliferation, increased sorafenib sensitivity, and inhibited the NF-κB pathway, whereas CYP1A2 silence showed opposite effects. Sorafenib, in combination with omeprazole, a CYP1A2 inducer, significantly hindered the growth and invasion of SR cells in vitro as well as decreased the tumor growth in vivo. The combination treatment markedly increased CYP1A2 expression and inhibited the sorafenib-induced NF-κB signaling. In addition, the overexpression of NF-κB p65 stimulated the SR cell growth and desensitized sorafenib in SR cells, where CYP1A2 overexpression reversed the phenomenon. Lastly, the majority of HCC tissue samples displayed decreased CYP1A2 but increased NF-κB p65 protein expression. Collectively, CYP1A2 can sensitize SR cells to sorafenib via inhibiting NF-κB p65 axis. Omeprazole in combination with sorafenib exerts a synergistic effect in alleviating acquired sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nuozhou Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Walves Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Paul Bo San Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li LX, Yin LH, Gao M, Xu LN, Qi Y, Peng JY. MiR-23a-5p exacerbates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting oxidative stress via targeting PPAR alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114194. [PMID: 32800851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MiR-23a-5p is involved in the occurrence and development of some serious diseases, but its effects on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is unclear. In this research, the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model on IEC-6 cells and II/R model in mice were used. The data showed that the ROS level in model group was significantly increased compared with control group. The level of intestinal MPO was increased and serum SOD was decreased in mice compared with sham group. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-23a-5p in model groups were obviously increased in vitro and in vivo, while the expression levels of PPARα, FOXO3α, PGC-1α, Nrf2, CAT, NQO1, HO-1 and SOD2 were significantly decreased. The double luciferase reporter gene assay showed that there was binding site between miR-23a-5p and PPARα. When miR-23a-5p was inhibited or PPARα gene was overexpressed, H/R-caused cell damage was alleviated and ROS level was decreased compared with NC group. PPARα expression level was increased, accompanied by the increased levels of FOXO3α, PGC-1α, Nrf2, CAT, NQO1, HO-1 and SOD2. After enhancing miR-23a-5p expression or silencing PPARα gene, H/R-caused cell damage was further aggravated compared with NC group, and ROS level was increased associated with the decreased levels of FOXO3α, PGC-1α, Nrf2, CAT, NQO1, HO-1 and SOD2. Our study demonstrated that miR-23a-5p exacerbated II/R injury by promoting oxidative stress via targeting PPARα, which should be considered as one new drug target to treat II/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - L-H Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - M Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - L-N Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Y Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - J-Y Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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9
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Czigany Z, Hata K, Lai W, Schwandt T, Yamamoto Y, Uemoto S, Tolba RH. A Dual Protective Effect of Intestinal Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rat Model of Total Hepatic Ischemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101546. [PMID: 31561505 PMCID: PMC6832347 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intestinal remote ischemic preconditioning (iRIC) on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and gut barrier integrity in a rat model of total hepatic ischemia (THI). Male Wistar rats (n = 50; 250–300 g) were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: RIC/Control. Thirty minutes of THI was induced by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament. iRIC was applied as 4-min of ischemia followed by 11-min of reperfusion by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 6, 24 h post-reperfusion (n = 5/group/timepoint). RIC of the gut significantly improved microcirculation of the ileum and the liver. Tissue ATP-levels were higher following iRIC (Liver: 1.34 ± 0.12 vs. 0.97 ± 0.20 μmol/g, p = 0.04) and hepatocellular injury was reduced significantly (ALT: 2409 ± 447 vs. 6613 ± 1117 IU/L, p = 0.003). Systemic- and portal venous IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were markedly lower following iRIC, demonstrating a reduced inflammatory response. iRIC led to a structural and functional preservation of the intestinal barrier. These results suggest that iRIC might confer a potent protection against the detrimental effects of THI in rats via reducing IRI and systemic inflammatory responses and at the same time by mitigating the dramatic consequences of severe intestinal congestion and bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Koichiro Hata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Wei Lai
- Organ Transplantation Department, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Timo Schwandt
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Yuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Rene H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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10
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Turk E, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, Caglayan C, Kucukler S, Kuzu M. Protective Effect of Hesperidin on Sodium Arsenite-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:95-108. [PMID: 30066062 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of hesperidin (HSP) against sodium arsenite (SA)-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, HSP, SA, SA + HSP 100, and SA + HSP 200. Rats were orally gavaged with SA (10 mg/kg body weight) and HSP (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. SA increased oxidative damage by decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) level and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the kidney and liver tissues. In addition, it increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and serum urea and creatinine levels. Furthermore, SA caused inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage by increasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the kidney and liver tissues and by increasing liver p53 and kidney interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions. In other words, HSP administration reduced apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and oxidative DNA damage significantly in SA-induced kidney and liver tissues depending on dose. In this study, it was seen that HSP showed a protective effect against SA-induced kidney and liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinç Turk
- Department of Pharmacy Professional Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, 04100, Ağrı, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muslum Kuzu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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11
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Jing HR, Luo FW, Liu XM, Tian XF, Zhou Y. Fish oil alleviates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion via AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:833-843. [PMID: 29467553 PMCID: PMC5807941 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i7.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether fish oil (FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.
METHODS Ischemia in Wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of FO emulsion or normal saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days to each animal. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analyses. AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 expression was determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HepG2 cells with or without FO emulsion treatment.
RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced significant liver morphological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT-1, and autophagy markers was decreased whereas tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were increased. FO emulsion blocked the changes of the above indicators effectively. Besides, in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting AMPK impaired the FO induced increase of p-AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 and decrease of TNF-α and MDA. SIRT-1 siRNA impaired the increase of SIRT-1 and Beclin-1 and the decrease of TNF-α and MDA.
CONCLUSION Our study indicates that FO may protect the liver against intestinal I/R induced injury through the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Rong Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fu-Wen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing-Ming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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Liu Z, Li L, Chen W, Wang Q, Xiao W, Ma Y, Sheng B, Li X, Sun L, Yu M, Yang H. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation maintained the intestinal epithelial barrier function through Notch1 dependent signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1560-1572. [PMID: 29286081 PMCID: PMC5819918 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces disruption of the intestinal barrier function. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has a vital role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function. However, the precise mechanism by which AhR maintains intestinal barrier function remains unclear. Notch1 signaling is downstream of AhR, and has also been reported to have a role in the development of tight junctions (TJs) and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that AhR activation may attenuate the intestinal barrier dysfunction through increased activation of Notch1 signaling. Adult C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: Sham, I/R and I/R + 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (Ficz) groups. Mice were sacrificed after I/R for 6 h and the intestine was harvested for histological examination, mRNA and protein content analysis, and mucosal permeability investigation. Additionally, a hypoxic Caco‑2 cell culture model was used to evaluate the role of AhR‑Notch1 signaling in the development of TJs and epithelial permeability in vitro. The AhR‑Notch1 signaling components and TJ proteins were assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining. Epithelial permeability was detected by transepithelium electrical resistance. The data demonstrated that Ficz significantly attenuated the intestinal tissue damage and the disrupted distribution of TJs, increased the expression of TJ proteins, reversed the decrease in TER and upregulated epithelial Notch1 signaling following intestinal I/R in vivo and hypoxia in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch1 signaling by N‑[N‑(3,5‑difluorophenacetyl)‑L‑alanyl]‑S‑phenylglycine t‑butyl ester (inhibitor of Notch signaling) counteracted the effects of Ficz on the development of TJs in hypoxic Caco‑2 cells. In conclusion, AhR activation ameliorated epithelial barrier dysfunction following intestinal I/R and hypoxia through upregulation of Notch1 signaling, which suggests that AhR may be a potential pharmaceutical agent to combat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Liangzi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Baifa Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 alleviates intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury and acute lung injury in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13678-13689. [PMID: 28099145 PMCID: PMC5355129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a critical problem, which can cause intestinal injury locally and acute lung injury (ALI) distally by inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in innate immune and inflammatory responses. This study was to determine whether TLR4 mutant can attenuate intestinal and lung injuries after intestinal IR. Wild type (WT) and TLR4 mutant mice were submitted to intestinal IR by occluding the superior mesenteric artery. Histological assessment of the intestine and the lung were conducted by HE staining. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, apoptotic index and other mediators were measured. In addition, a 24-hour survival study was performed. Histological assessment showed that intestinal IR caused serious injuries in the intestine and the lung, corroborated by increased proinflammatory cytokines in the circulation. TLR4 mutant suppressed the histological injuries as demonstrated by significantly decreased pathological scores. Consistent with the morphological results, the TLR4 mutant mice exhibited remarkably lowered cytokine expressions in the intestine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB) and the lung (NO, iNOS, MCP-1, MIP-2, NF-κB, and Caspase-3). ALT and creatinine were also significantly dampened in the liver and kidney, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate over the course of 24 hours was significantly improved. Collectively, the findings reveal that TLR4 mutant significantly abated the intestinal IR injury and ALI at least in part by alleviating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
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Vrakas G, Tsalis K, Roidos GN, Christoforidis E, Kouzi-Koliakou K, Lazaridis C, Vaidya A. Synergistic Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning and Antithrombin in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2017; 15:320-328. [PMID: 28418287 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2015.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to determine whether antithrombin plays a synergistic role in accentuating the effects of intestinal ischemic preconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (10 rats/group) as follows: sham treatment (group 1); ischemia-reperfusion (group 2); ischemic preconditioning followed by ischemia-reperfusion (group 3); antithrombin + ischemia-reperfusion, similar to group 2 but including antithrombin administration (group 4); and antithrombin + ischemic preconditioning, similar to group 3 but including antithrombin administration (group 5). Blood samples and liver specimens were obtained for measurement of cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde. Liver biopsies were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced a remote hepatic inflammatory response as evidenced by the striking increase of proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels in group 5 (12.48 ± 0.7 pg/mL) were significantly lower than in group 3 (13.64 ± 0.78 pg/mL; P = .014). Mean interleukin 1β was lower in group 5 (9.52 ± 0.67pg/mL) than in group 3 (11.05 ± 1.9 pg/mL; P > .99). Mean interleukin 6 was also significantly lower in group 5 (17.13 ± 0.54 pg/mL) than in group 3 (23.82 ± 1 pg/mL; P ≤ .001). Myeloperoxidase levels were significantly higher in group 3 (20.52 ± 2.26 U/g) than in group 5 (18.59 ± 1.03 U/g; P = .025). However, malondialdehyde levels did not significantly improve in group 5 (4.55 ± 0.46 μmol) versus group 3 (5.17 ± 0.61 μmol; P = .286). Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and myeloperoxidase findings show that antithrombin administration further attenuated the inflammatory response caused by ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting a synergistic effect with ischemic preconditioning. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The addition of antithrombin to ischemic preconditioning may act to attenuate or prevent damage from ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the release of cytokines and neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vrakas
- From the the Fourth Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; and the Oxford Transplant Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
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Kalimeris K, Briassoulis P, Ntzouvani A, Nomikos T, Papaparaskeva K, Politi A, Batistaki C, Kostopanagiotou G. N-acetylcysteine ameliorates liver injury in a rat model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion. J Surg Res 2016; 206:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Relevance of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Cell Signaling in Liver Cold Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060807. [PMID: 27231901 PMCID: PMC4926341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in calcium homeostasis, protein folding and lipid biosynthesis. Perturbations in its normal functions lead to a condition called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). This can be triggered by many physiopathological conditions such as alcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance or ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cell reacts to ERS by initiating a defensive process known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which comprises cellular mechanisms for adaptation and the safeguarding of cell survival or, in cases of excessively severe stress, for the initiation of the cell death program. Recent experimental data suggest the involvement of ERS in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of the liver graft, which has been considered as one of major problems influencing outcome after liver transplantation. The purpose of this review is to summarize updated data on the molecular mechanisms of ERS/UPR and the consequences of this pathology, focusing specifically on solid organ preservation and liver transplantation models. We will also discuss the potential role of ERS, beyond the simple adaptive response and the regulation of cell death, in the modification of cell functional properties and phenotypic changes.
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He XH, Li QW, Wang YL, Zhang ZZ, Ke JJ, Yan XT, Chen K. Transduced PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 fusion protein reduces remote organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1057-65. [PMID: 25863938 PMCID: PMC4404748 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A fusion protein composed of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 has been shown to reduce local intestinal injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we investigated the effects of PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein on remote organ injury induced by intestinal I/R in rats. Material/methods We randomly assigned 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats to 3 groups: Sham, I/R, and I/R plus PEP-1-HO-1 treatment (HO). The model of intestinal I/R was established by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 120-min reperfusion. In HO group, PEP-1-HO-1 was administered intravenously 30 min before ischemia, while animals in the Sham and I/R groups received the equal volume of physiological saline. At the end of the experiment, lung, liver, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. Results Malondialdehyde levels and histological injury scores were increased, and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased in the lung and liver tissues in the I/R group compared with the Sham group (P<0.05). Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and lung tissue wet weight to dry weight ratio were increased in the I/R group compared with the Sham group (P<0.05). NF-κB expression in intestinal tissues was significantly higher in the I/R group than in the Sham group. These changes were significantly reversed by treatment with PEP-1-HO-1. Conclusions This study demonstrates that administration of PEP-1-HO-1 has a protective role against lung and liver injury after intestinal I/R, attributable to the reduction of released proinflammatory cytokines regulated by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Wen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zong-Ze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Juan Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Boan Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Wang G, Chen Z, Zhang F, Jing H, Xu W, Ning S, Li Z, Liu K, Yao J, Tian X. Blockade of PKCβ protects against remote organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion via a p66shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1342-53. [PMID: 24930012 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a serious clinical dilemma with high morbidity and mortality. Remote organ damage, especially acute lung injury and liver injury are common complications that contribute to the high mortality rate. We previously demonstrated that activation of PKCβII is specifically involved in the primary injury of intestinal I/R. Considering the tissue-specific features of PKC activation, we hypothesized that some kind of PKC isoform may play important roles in the progression of secondary injury in the remote organ. Mice were studied in in vivo model of intestinal I/R. The activation of PKC isoforms were screened in the lung and liver. Interestingly, we found that PKCβII was also activated exclusively in the lung and liver after intestinal I/R. PKCβII suppression by a specific inhibitor, LY333531, significantly attenuated I/R-induced histologic damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in these organs, and also alleviated systemic inflammation. In addition, LY333531 markedly restrained p66shc activation, mitochondrial translocation, and binding to cytochrome-c. These resulted in the decrease of cytochrome-c release and caspase-3 cleavage, and an increase in glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. These data indicated that activated PKC isoform in the remote organ, specifically PKCβII, is the same as that in the intestine after intestinal I/R. PKCβII suppression protects against remote organ injury, which may be partially attributed to the p66shc-cytochrome-c axis. Combined with our previous study, the development of a specific inhibitor for prophylaxis against intestinal I/R is promising, to prevent multiple organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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The protective effects of curcumin on experimental acute liver lesion induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion through inhibiting the pathway of NF-κB in a rat model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:191624. [PMID: 25215173 PMCID: PMC4158106 DOI: 10.1155/2014/191624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin on a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which induces an acute liver lesion. Methods. Curcumin was injected into rats in the curcumin groups through left femoral vein. The same volume of vehicle (0.9% normal saline) was injected into sham and I/R groups. Blood and liver tissue were gathered for serological and histopathological determination. Results. Intestinal I/R led to severe liver injury manifested as a significant increase in serum AST and ALT levels; all of those were reduced by treatment with curcumin. Simultaneously, the activity of SOD in liver decreased after intestinal I/R, which was increased by curcumin treatment. On the other hand, curcumin reduced MPO activity of liver tissue, as well as serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels observably. This is in parallel with the decreased level of liver intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that curcumin treatment attenuates liver lesion induced by intestinal I/R, attributable to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Ozacmak HS, Ozacmak VH, Barut F, Araslı M, Ucan BH. Pretreatment with mineralocorticoid receptor blocker reduces intestinal injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of inhibition of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, nuclear factor κB, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Surg Res 2014; 191:350-61. [PMID: 24862878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spironolactone (Sp), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, protects against the ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury of retina, kidney, heart, and brain. We aimed to investigate the effects of Sp on intestinal IR injury. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into: (1) a sham control group; (2) an IR control group, subjected to 30 min ischemia and 3 h reperfusion; (3) a group treated with Sp (20 mg/kg) for 3 d before the IR; and (4) a sham-operated control group treated with Sp (20 mg/kg). After the reperfusion, blood and intestinal tissue samples were collected to evaluate histopathologic state, neutrophil infiltration (by measuring myeloperoxidase activity), levels of the cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1α [IL-1α], interferon γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and IL-4), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione contents, and immunohistochemical expressions of nuclear factor κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and caspase-3. RESULTS MDA content, myeloperoxidase activity, and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1α, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were all elevated in IR, indicating the oxidative stress and local and systemic inflammatory response. Sp administration markedly reduced the MDA content and the cytokine levels. The pretreatment alleviated intestinal injury, neutrophil infiltration, and the expressions of caspase-3, iNOS, and NFκB. CONCLUSIONS The results implicate that Sp may have a strong protective effect against the intestinal IR injury. The effect can be mediated via suppression of both systemic inflammatory response and apoptosis through amelioration of oxidative stress and generation of proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, caspase-3, and nuclear factor κB. Therefore, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism might be of potential therapeutic benefit in cases of intestinal IR damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Sayan Ozacmak
- Department of Physiology, Bülent Ecevit University Medical School, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Veysel Haktan Ozacmak
- Department of Physiology, Bülent Ecevit University Medical School, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Medical Pathology, Bülent Ecevit University Medical School, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Araslı
- Department of Immunology, Bülent Ecevit University Medical School, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bulent Hamdi Ucan
- Department of General Surgery, Bülent Ecevit University Medical School, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Modulating the p66shc signaling pathway with protocatechuic acid protects the intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury and alleviates secondary liver damage. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:387640. [PMID: 24757420 PMCID: PMC3976807 DOI: 10.1155/2014/387640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious clinical pathophysiological process that may result in acute local intestine and remote liver injury. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), which has been widely studied as a polyphenolic compound, induces expression of antioxidative genes that combat oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of PCA pretreatment for protecting intestinal I/R-induced local intestine and remote liver injury in mice. Intestinal I/R was established by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 90 min. After the reperfusion period, PCA pretreatment markedly alleviated intestine and liver injury induced by intestinal I/R as indicated by histological alterations, decreases in serological damage parameters and nuclear factor-kappa B and phospho-foxo3a protein expression levels, and increases in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase protein expression, and Bcl-xL protein expression in the intestine and liver. These parameters were accompanied by PCA-induced adaptor protein p66shc suppression. These results suggest that PCA has a significant protective effect in the intestine and liver following injury induced by intestinal I/R. The protective effect of PCA may be attributed to the suppression of p66shc and the regulation of p66shc-related antioxidative and antiapoptotic factors.
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Kandilis AN, Karidis NP, Kouraklis G, Patsouris E, Vasileiou I, Theocharis S. Proteasome inhibitors: possible novel therapeutic strategy for ischemia–reperfusion injury? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 23:67-80. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.840287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos N Kandilis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery,
Athens, Greece
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, First Department of Pathology,
Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos P Karidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, First Department of Pathology,
Athens, Greece
- Freeman Hospital NHS, Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery,
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gregory Kouraklis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery,
Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, First Department of Pathology,
Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Vasileiou
- Laikon General Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology,
Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, First Department of Pathology,
75, Mikras Asias street, Goudi, Athens, GR11527, Greece ;
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Protective effect of sildenafil on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:1707-15. [PMID: 23932610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the protective effect of sildenafil on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-control (SC), ischemia (I), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and ischemia-reperfusion+sildenafil (SIL; sildenafil gavaged at 50mg/kg before operating). A 2-h ischemia-reperfusion was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Liver function, plasma alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase, and intestinal and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at the end of the experiment. Intestinal and liver tissue damage was examined by histology. Liver samples were immunologically stained for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS The ALT and AST levels were highest in the IR group and were lower in the SIL group (p<0.05). Intestinal MDA levels were statistically higher in the IR group than in the SC, I and SIL groups. Liver MDA levels were significantly higher in the IR group than in the I and SC groups (p<0.05) and higher than in the SIL group (p>0.05). Intestinal damage based on Chiu scoring was more severe in the IR than in the SIL group (p<0.05). Sildenafil reduced damage and also increased eNOS and PCNA immunoreactivity in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil shows a protective effect on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury, possibly by decreasing vascular resistance through increased nitric oxide levels.
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MG132-mediated inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ameliorates cancer cachexia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1105-15. [PMID: 23535871 PMCID: PMC7087863 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in cancer cachexia and to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying. Methods We established an experimental cancer cachexia model by subcutaneously implanting colon 26 cells into the armpits of BALB/c mice. Following administration of MG132 at various time points, body weight, food intake, gastrocnemius muscle weight, spontaneous activity and survival of tumor-bearing mice were examined along with tumor growth. Moreover, cachectic markers including glucose, triglyceride, albumin and total proteins as well as levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue were measured. Finally, mRNA and protein levels of p65, IκBα, and ubiquitin E3 ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx in gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. Results MG132 treatment significantly alleviated cancer cachexia as demonstrated by attenuated weight loss, altered carbohydrate metabolism and muscle atrophy and increased spontaneous activity and survival time of tumor-bearing mice. MG132 reduced tumor growth and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue. NF-κB, MuRF1 and MAFbx were also inhibited by MG132. Unexpectedly, MG132 was more efficient when administrated during the early stages of cachexia. MG132 had no effect on food intake of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that MG132-induced inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in cancer cachexia decreased the activity of NF-κB and the degradation of IκBα, and reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue, accompanied by downregulation of MuRF1 and MAFbx. These data suggest that MG132 is a potential therapeutic and preventive agent for cancer cachexia.
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Proteasome inhibitors protect the steatotic and non-steatotic liver graft against cold ischemia reperfusion injury. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:352-9. [PMID: 23305864 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dramatic shortage of organs leads to consider the steatotic livers for transplantation although their poor tolerance against ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) inhibition during hypothermia prolongs myocardial graft preservation. The role of UPS in the liver IRI is not fully understood. Bortezomib (BRZ) treatment at non-toxic doses of rats fed alcohol chronically has shown protective effects by increasing liver antioxidant enzymes. We evaluated and compared both proteasome inhibitors BRZ and MG132 in addition to University of Wisconsin preservation solution (UW) at low and non-toxic dose for fatty liver graft protection against cold IRI. EXPERIMENTAL Steatotic and non-steatotic livers have been stored in UW enriched with BRZ (100 nM) or MG132 (25 μM), for 24h at 4°C and then subjected to 2-h normothermic reperfusion (37 °C). Liver injury (AST/ALT), hepatic function (bile output; vascular resistance), mitochondrial damage (GLDH), oxidative stress (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) (e-NOS activity; nitrates/nitrites), proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity (ChT), and UPS (19S and 20S5 beta) protein levels have been measured. RESULTS ChT was inhibited when BRZ and MG132 were added to UW. Both inhibitors prevented liver injury (AST/ALT), when compared to UW alone. BRZ increased bile production more efficiently than MG132. Only BRZ decreased vascular resistance in fatty livers, which correlated with an increase in NO generation (through e-NOS activation) and AMPK phosphorylation. GLDH and MDA were also prevented by BRZ. In addition, BRZ inhibited adiponectin, IL-1, and TNF alpha, only in steatotic livers. CONCLUSION MG132 and BRZ, administrated at low and non toxic doses, are very efficient to protect fatty liver grafts against cold IRI. The benefits of BRZ are more effective than those of MG132. This evidenced for the first time the potential use of UPS inhibitors for the preservation of marginal liver grafts and for future applications in the prevention of IRI.
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