1
|
Xue C, Dou J, Zhang S, Yu H, Zhang S. Shikonin potentiates skin wound healing in Sprague-Dawley rats by stimulating fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3633. [PMID: 38017625 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin, a major component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects and expedites wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of shikonin in a Sprague-Dawley rat model and cell models using fibroblast and endothelial cells. METHODS The impact of shikonin on the activity of endothelial cells and fibroblasts was examined by cell counting kit 8 and wound-healing assays. A diabetic rat model was constructed, followed by wound creation for treatment with shikonin. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to assess pathological changes, and Masson's trichrome method to detect collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD31 was conducted to detect proliferation and vascular density. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry were carried out to assess pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factor concentrations. Western blot and immunofluorescence were implemented to analyze oxidative stress-related protein expression. RESULTS Shikonin induced the activity of both fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Shikonin treatment contributed to facilitated wound healing and higher healing rates in rats. It also resulted in faster lesion debulking in tissues, reduced inflammatory infiltration, increased collagen deposition, and enhanced angiogenesis. Detection of markers at the wounds showed that shikonin accelerated cell proliferation, enhanced tissue remodeling, and inhibited oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Shikonin stimulates the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, resulting in faster wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinfa Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiqian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shoumin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Q, Wang Z, Aga EB, Liang X. The extraction and anti-inflammatory screening of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:282-293. [PMID: 37395553 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2227885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
"Zicao" has a long medicinal history and has a variety of pharmacological activities. As the main resource of "zicao" in Tibet, Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu (tuan hua dian zi cao), usually used for treating pneumonia in Tibet, has not been reported deeply. In order to determine the main anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu, in this study, the extracts enriched in naphthoquinones and polysaccharides were optimized prepared form Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu by ultrasonic extraction, and reflux extraction, respectively, with Box-Behnken design effect surface method. And their anti-inflammatory abilities were screened on LPS induced A549 cells model, for figuring out the anti-inflammatory active ingredients from Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu.The extract enriched naphthoquinone was obtained under following condition: extract with 85% ethanol in a liquid to material ratio of 1:40 g/mL at 30 °C for 30 minutes using ultrasound, leading to the extraction rate of total naphthoquinone as 0.98 ± 0.017%; the extract enriched polysaccharides was prepared as follows: extract 82 minutes at 100 °C with distilled water in a liquid to material ratio of 1:50 g/mL, with extraction rate of polysaccharide as 7.07 ± 0.02%.On the LPS-induced A549 cell model, the polysaccharide extract from Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu showed better anti-inflammatory effects than the naphthoquinone extract, indicating the extract enriched in polysaccharides is the anti-inflammatory extract of Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu, which could serve as a potential anti-inflammatory extract in medical and food industries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Er-Bu Aga
- Medical college, Tibet University, Lasa, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dey R, Samadder A, Nandi S. Selected Phytochemicals to Combat Lungs Injury: Natural Care. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2398-2412. [PMID: 35293289 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220315113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The human has two lungs responsible for respiration and drug metabolism. Severe lung infection caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites may lead to lungs injury. Smoking and tobacco consumption may also produce lungs injury. Inflammatory and pain mediators are secreted by alveolar macrophages. The inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, neutrophils, and fibroblasts are accumulated in the alveoli sac, which becomes infected. It may lead to hypoxia followed by severe pulmonary congestion and the death of the patient. There is an urgent need for the treatment of artificial respiration and ventilation. However, the situation may be the worst for patients suffering from lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and acute pneumonia caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Re-urgency has been happening in the case of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Therefore, it is needed to protect the lungs with the intake of natural phytomedicines. In the present review, several selected phyto components having the potential role in lung injury therapy have been discussed. Regular intake of natural vegetables and fruits bearing these constituents may save the lungs even in the dangerous attack of SARS-CoV-2 in lung cancer, pulmonary TB, and pneumatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Dey
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo L, Li Y, Li W, Qiu J, Du J, Wang L, Zhang T. Shikonin ameliorates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via the Akt/
ERK
/
JNK
/
NF‐κB
signaling pathways in model of Parkinson’s disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1221-1231. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Neurology Yantai City Yantaishan Hospital Yantai Shandong China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Health Care Dongying People's Hospital Dongying Shandong China
| | - Wenna Li
- Department of Neurology Yantai City Yantaishan Hospital Yantai Shandong China
| | - Jiaoxue Qiu
- Department of Neurology Yantai City Yantaishan Hospital Yantai Shandong China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Neurology Yantai City Yantaishan Hospital Yantai Shandong China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology Yantai City Yantaishan Hospital Yantai Shandong China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Health Care Dongying People's Hospital Dongying Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviated Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and IgE-triggered Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) root is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, no studies have examined its impact on allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the protective effects of L. erythrorhizon in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. In the latter, we examined nasal mucosal inflammation, allergen-specific cytokine production, and histological changes to the nasal mucosa. In the mouse model, oral administration of an ethanol extract of L. erythrorhizon (LE) led to a marked reduction in rubbing and sneeze frequency, a significant decrease in serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, and a significant increase in the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. LE also reduced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial degradation in nasal tissues. In IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, LE suppressed release of degranulation markers such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine. Based on these findings, we suggest that LE may ameliorate OVA-induced AR by regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Timalsina D, Pokhrel KP, Bhusal D. Pharmacologic Activities of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Respiratory Diseases and Inflammations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1636816. [PMID: 34646882 PMCID: PMC8505070 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1636816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air-mediated disease induced by polluted air, smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease, induced by a virus causing a serious effect on the lungs, bronchioles, and pharynges that results in oxygen deficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to find out the potent natural products that help to prevent, treat, and manage respiratory diseases. Traditionally, wider floras were reported to be used, such as Morus alba, Artemisia indica, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, but only some of the potent compounds from some of the plants have been scientifically validated. Plant-derived natural products such as colchicine, zingerone, forsythiaside A, mangiferin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and many other compounds are found to have a promising effect on treating and managing respiratory inflammation. In this review, current clinically approved drugs along with the efficacy and side effects have been studied. The study also focuses on the traditional uses of medicinal plants on reducing respiratory complications and their bioactive phytoconstituents. The pharmacological evidence of lowering respiratory complications by plant-derived natural products has been critically studied with detailed mechanism and action. However, the scientific validation of such compounds requires clinical study and evidence on animal and human models to replace modern commercial medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Timalsina
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | | | - Deepti Bhusal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang B, Tian X, Li G, Zhao H, Wang X, Yin Y, Yu J, Meng C. Methane Inhalation Protects Against Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Regulating Pulmonary Surfactant via the Nrf2 Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:615974. [PMID: 34054564 PMCID: PMC8149795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.615974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) exerted protective effects against lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanism remains unclear, especially the role of pulmonary surfactant. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of CH4 inhalation on pulmonary surfactant in rat lung I/R injury and to elucidate the mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): the sham, I/R control, and I/R CH4 groups. In the sham group, only thoracotomy was performed on the rats. In the I/R control and I/R CH4 groups, the rats underwent left hilum occlusion for 90 min, followed by reperfusion for 180 min and ventilation with O2 or 2.5% CH4, respectively. Compared with those of the sham group, the levels of large surfactant aggregates (LAs) in pulmonary surfactant, lung compliance, oxygenation decreased, the small surfactant aggregates (SAs), inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis increased in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, CH4 increased LA (0.42 ± 0.06 vs. 0.31 ± 0.09 mg/kg), oxygenation (201 ± 11 vs. 151 ± 14 mmHg), and lung compliance (16.8 ± 1.0 vs. 11.5 ± 1.3 ml/kg), as well as total antioxidant capacity and Nrf2 protein expression and decreased the inflammatory response and number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CH4 inhalation decreased oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis, and improved lung function through Nrf2-mediated pulmonary surfactant regulation in rat lung I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanwei Yin
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junmin Yu
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu D, Chen Y, Li F, Chen C, Wei P, Xiao D, Han B. Sinapultide-Loaded Microbubbles Combined with Ultrasound to Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5611-5622. [PMID: 33376305 PMCID: PMC7764709 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary surfactants (eg, sinapultide) are widely used for the treatment of lung injury diseases; however, they generally induce poor therapeutic efficacy in clinics. In this study, sinapultide-loaded microbubbles (MBs) were prepared and combined with ultrasound (US) treatment as a new strategy for improved treatment of lung injury diseases. Methods The combination treatment strategy of MBs combined with ultrasound was tested in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of alveolar epithelial cells (AT II) and acute lung injury. Firstly, cytotoxicity, cytokines, and protein levels in LPS-mediated AT II cells were assessed. Secondly, the pathological morphology of lung tissue, the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, cytokines, and protein levels in LPS-mediated acute lung injury mice after treatment with the MBs were evaluated. Moreover, histology examination of the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of mice treated with the MBs was performed to initially evaluate the safety of the sinapultide-loaded MBs. Results Sinapultide-loaded MBs in combination with ultrasound treatment significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in AT II cells. Furthermore, the pathological morphology of lung tissue, the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and SP-A expression level of mice treated with MBs and ultrasound were significantly improved compared to those of non-treated mice. In addition, the histology of the examined organs showed that the MBs had a good safety profile. Conclusion Sinapultide-loaded MBs combined with ultrasonic treatment may be a new therapeutic option for lung injury diseases in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Wei
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangxin Han
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu'an 237012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, Gravandi MM, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Interventions Against Coronavirus-Associated Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588467. [PMID: 33658931 PMCID: PMC7919380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, millions of people have been infected and died worldwide. However, no drug has been approved for the treatment of this disease and its complications, which urges the need for finding novel therapeutic agents to combat. Among the complications due to COVID-19, lung injury has attained special attention. Besides, phytochemicals have shown prominent anti-inflammatory effects and thus possess significant effects in reducing lung injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Also, the prevailing evidence reveales the antiviral effects of those phytochemicals, including anti-SARS-CoV activity, which could pave the road in providing suitable lead compounds in the treatment of COVID-19. In the present study, candidate phytochemicals and related mechanisms of action have been shown in the treatment/protection of lung injuries induced by various methods. In terms of pharmacological mechanism, phytochemicals have shown potential inhibitory effects on inflammatory and oxidative pathways/mediators, involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury during COVID-19 infection. Also, a brief overview of phytochemicals with anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds has been presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Narges Kiyani
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Katrina Stage
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento De Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad De Química y Biología, Universidad De Santiago De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang F, Wang F, Li F, Wang D, Li H, He X, Zhang J. Methane attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating PI3K-AKT-NFκB signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:209-217. [PMID: 32079441 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1727925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of methane-rich saline (MS) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) in rats.Methods: MS (2 ml/kg and 20 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in rats after LIRI. Lung injury was assayed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and wet-to-dry weight (W/D). The cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were counted. Oxidative stress was examined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined by ELISA. Lung tissue apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and western blotting of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. The expressions of IкBα, p38, PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB were analyzed with Western blotting.Results: MS effectively decreased the lung W/D ratio as well as the lung pathological damage and reduced the localized infiltration of inflammatory cells. Methane suppressed the expression of the PI3K-AKT-NFκB signaling pathway during the lung IR injury, which inhibited the activation of NF-kB and decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10. Moreover, we found that MS treatment relieved reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by downregulating MDA and upregulating SOD. MS treatment also regulated apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3.Conclusions: MS could repair LIRI and reduce the release of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and cell apoptosis via the PI3K-AKT-NFκB signaling pathway, which may provide a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of LIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- Hou Zonglian Medical Experimental Class, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengtao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang C, Li Q, Li T. Dioscin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through suppression of TLR4 signaling pathways. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:11-22. [PMID: 31931639 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1711830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening inflammatory syndrome that lacks an effective therapy. Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin isolated from a variety of herbs, could serve as an anti-inflammatory agent, as suggested in previous reports. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dioscin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and validate the potential mechanisms.Materials and Methods: An ALI model was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS. Dioscin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically once daily for seven consecutive days prior to LPS challenge.Results: Our data revealed that dioscin significantly suppressed LPS-induced lung pathological changes, pulmonary capillary permeability, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). Moreover, dioscin inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation as well as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression.Conclusions: In brief, the results indicated that dioscin alleviates LPS-induced ALI through suppression of TLR4 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingnian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo K, Jin F. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor Saxagliptin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Regulating the Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF- κB Pathways. J INVEST SURG 2019; 34:695-702. [PMID: 31694415 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1680777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed at investigating the effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor saxagliptin (Saxa) on mouse acute lung injury (ALI)-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS/METHODS Animals were divided into four groups: control, Saxa, LPS, and LPS + Saxa. Histopathology changes of lung tissues were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The degree of edema was determined by wet/dry ratio. The levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines in lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected using kits. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay was used to test apoptosis and Western blotting was applied to measure the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The results revealed that Saxa attenuated LPS-induced pathological injury and edema. Saxa decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The contents of inflammatory cytokines were reduced in the Saxa intervention group. Saxa attenuated apoptosis accompanied by alterations in the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were upregulated whereas phospho (p)-NF-κB p65 and phospho-inhibitory subunit of NF-κB alpha (p-IκB-α) were downregulated after Saxa treatment. CONCLUSION These findings concluded that Saxa alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ALI induced by LPS via modulating the Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways, which provides evidence for employing Saxa in ALI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Respiration, 161th Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration, TangDu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alternative and Natural Therapies for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2476824. [PMID: 29862257 PMCID: PMC5976962 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2476824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by acute inflammation, microvascular damage, and increased pulmonary vascular and epithelial permeability, frequently resulting in acute respiratory failure and death. Current best practice for ARDS involves “lung-protective ventilation,” which entails low tidal volumes and limiting the plateau pressures in mechanically ventilated patients. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ARDS, little progress has been made in the development of specific therapies to combat injury and inflammation. Areas Covered In recent years, several natural products have been studied in experimental models and have been shown to inhibit multiple inflammatory pathways associated with acute lung injury and ARDS at a molecular level. Because of the pleiotropic effects of these agents, many of them also activate antioxidant pathways through nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2, thereby targeting multiple pathways. Several of these agents are prescribed for treatment of inflammatory conditions in the Asian subcontinent and have shown to be relatively safe. Expert Commentary Here we review natural remedies shown to attenuate lung injury and inflammation in experimental models. Translational human studies in patients with ARDS may facilitate treatment of this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Xu T, Pan Z, Ge X, Sun C, Lu C, Chen H, Xiao Z, Zhang B, Dai Y, Liang G. Shikonin inhibits myeloid differentiation protein 2 to prevent LPS-induced acute lung injury. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:840-854. [PMID: 29243243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging clinical syndrome, which manifests as an acute inflammatory response. Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) has an important role in mediating LPS-induced inflammation. Currently, there are no effective molecular-based therapies for ALI or viable biomarkers for predicting the severity of disease. Recent preclinical studies have shown that shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, prevents LPS-induced inflammation. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The binding affinity of shikonin to MD2 was analysed using computer docking, surface plasmon resonance analysis and elisa. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of shikonin were investigated through elisa, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo, lung injury was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS and assessed by changes in the histopathological and inflammatory markers. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by immunoprecipitation in lung tissue. KEY RESULTS Shikonin directly bound to MD2 and interfered with the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS. In cultured macrophages, shikonin inhibited TLR4 signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These effects were produced through suppression of key signalling proteins including the NF-κB and the MAPK pathway. We also showed that shikonin inhibits MD2-TLR4 complex formation and reduces LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a mouse model of ALI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our studies have uncovered the mechanism underlying the biological activity of shikonin in ALI and suggest that the targeting of MD2 may prove to be beneficial as a treatment option for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheer Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangting Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xiao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shikonin protects against D-Galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatic injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91542-91550. [PMID: 29207664 PMCID: PMC5710944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone isolated from the root of medical herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, there is no related research for the treatment of shikonin on hepaic injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shikonin on D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in mice. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with shikonin 1 h before LPS/D-GalN treatment. The pathological changes of hepatic injury were detected by H&E staining. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in hepatic tissues were detected by ELISA. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also measured in this study. In addition, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB were determined by western blot analysis. These results suggest that shikonin effectively prevents LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by inhibiting AST and ALT levels, as well as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β production. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB activation induced by LPS/D-GalN were also inhibited by treatment of shikonin. In vitro, shikonin significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production, as well as TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that shikonin attenuates LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang TY, Zhou QL, Li M, Shang YX. Shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling by inhibiting the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:169-179. [PMID: 28521243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and has been reported to suppress allergic airway inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and need to be further elucidated. In this study, shikonin (0.5, 2 or 4mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. We found that the pathological airway remodeling of asthmatic mice was alleviated by shikonin, and the infiltrated inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in their lungs were reduced. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the elevation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the lung of asthmatic mice were suppressed by shikonin. The inactivation of NF-κB by shikonin was at least in part via inhibiting IκBα activation. In vitro, the treatment of shikonin inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and induced a G0/G1 arrest in these cells. In addition, ASMCs exposed to PDGF acquired an enhanced migratory ability, and the activities of MMP9 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and expression of MMP9 of these cells were significantly up-regulated. These PDGF-induced alterations were also inhibited by shikonin. The inhibitory effects of shikonin on the proliferation and migration of ASMCs were comparable to pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the present study sheds lights on how shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yue Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Lan Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shikonin Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 2017; 39:1124-9. [PMID: 27072015 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin, which is derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a herb used in traditional medicine, has long been considered to be a useful treatment for various diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Shikonin has recently been reported to have several pharmacological properties, e.g., it has anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether shikonin is able to influence the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and/or chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL)20, which contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). The production levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 in HPDLC were determined using an ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to detect nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation in HPDLC. Shikonin prevented IL-1β- or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 production in HPDLC. Moreover, we found that shikonin suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) in IL-1β- or TNF-α-stimulated HPDLC. These findings suggest that shikonin could have direct beneficial effects against periodontal disease by reducing IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 production in periodontal lesions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim HP, Lim H, Kwon YS. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents on Lung Inflammatory Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:91-104. [PMID: 27956716 PMCID: PMC5340533 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are essentially lung inflammatory disorders. Various plant extracts and their constituents showed therapeutic effects on several animal models of lung inflammation. These include coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, iridoids, monoterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids. Some of them exerted inhibitory action mainly by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB activation. Especially, many flavonoid derivatives distinctly showed effectiveness on lung inflammation. In this review, the experimental data for plant extracts and their constituents showing therapeutic effectiveness on animal models of lung inflammation are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shikonin inhibits TNF-α production through suppressing PKC-NF-κB-dependent decrease of IL-10 in rheumatoid arthritis-like cell model. J Nat Med 2016; 71:349-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang J, Zhu XY, Hu XX, Liu HW, Li J, Feng LL, Yin X, Zhang XB, Tan W. Ratiometric Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for in Vivo Hydrogen Polysulfides Detection and Imaging during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Organs Injury. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11892-11899. [PMID: 27934104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute organ injury observed during sepsis, caused by an uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is quite fatal. The development of efficient methods for early diagnosis of sepsis and LPS-induced acute organ injury in living systems is of great biomedical importance. In living systems, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) can be overexpressed due to LPS, and H2Sn can be formed by CSE-mediated cysteine metabolism. Thus, acute organ injury during sepsis may be correlated with H2Sn levels, making accurate detection of H2Sn in living systems of great physiological and pathological significance. In this work, our previously reported fluorescent platform was employed to design and synthesize a FRET-based ratiometric two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe TPR-S, producing a large emission shift in the presence of H2Sn. In this work, a naphthalene derivative two-photon fluorophore was chosen as the energy donor; a rhodol derivative fluorophore served as the acceptor. The 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoate group of probe TPR-S reacted with H2Sn and was selectively removed to release the fluorophore, resulting in a fluorescent signal decrease at 448 nm and enhancement at 541 nm. The ratio value of the fluorescence intensity between 541 and 448 nm (I541 nm/I448 nm) varied from 0.13 to 8.12 (∼62-fold), with the H2Sn concentration changing from 0 to 1 mM. The detection limit of the probe was 0.7 μM. Moreover, the probe was applied for imaging H2Sn in living cells, tissues, and organs of LPS-induced acute organ injury, which demonstrated its practical application in complex biosystems as a potential method to achieve early diagnosis of LPS-induced acute organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Li Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen M. Effect of shikonin on concanavalin A-induced liver injury and possible mechanisms involved. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3689-3695. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i25.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of shikonin on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury in mice and explore the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS Acute liver injury was induced by Con A in Balb/c mice through tail injection. The mice were randomly divided into five groups of fourteen mice as follows: (1) normal group; (2) Con A-induced model group; (3) low-dose (12.5 mg/kg) shikonin + Con A group; (4) medium-dose (25 mg/kg) shikonin + Con A group; (5) high-dose (50 mg/kg) shikonin + Con A group. Histological grading and the measurement of the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), IκBα and IκBβ were performed.
RESULTS Compared to the normal group, the histological grade as well as the levels of ALT, AST, NO, iNOS and NF-κB significantly increased in the model group, but the levels of IκBα and IκBβ were decreased. After shikonin (50 mg/kg) treatment, the histological grade and the levels of ALT, AST, NO, iNOS and NF-κB significantly were decreased, and the levels of IκBα and IκBβ were increased. The doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg worked inefficiently.
CONCLUSION Shikonin (50 mg/kg) protects against Con A-induced liver injury by decreasing the level of NO, which may correlate with the amelioration of NF-κB activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jeung YJ, Kim HG, Ahn J, Lee HJ, Lee SB, Won M, Jung CR, Im JY, Kim BK, Park SK, Son MJ, Chung KS. Shikonin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via activation of FOXO3a/EGR1/SIRT1 signaling antagonized by p300. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2584-2593. [PMID: 27452907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin derivatives exert powerful cytotoxic effects including induction of apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate the cytotoxic efficacy of shikonin in vivo in xenograft models, which did not affect body weight as well as its reduction of cell viability in vitro using several non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. We found that inhibition of AKT by shikonin activated the forkhead box (FOX)O3a/early growth response protein (EGR)1 signaling cascade and enhanced the expression of the target gene Bim, leading to apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of wild-type or a constitutively active mutant of FOXO3a enhanced shikonin-induced Bim expression. The NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT)1 amplified the pro-apoptotic effect by deacetylating FOXO3a, which induced EGR1 binding to the Bim promoter and activated Bim expression. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT activity was enhanced, whereas that of FOXO3a was reduced and p300 was upregulated by treatment with a sublethal dose of shikonin. FOXO3a acetylation was enhanced by p300 overexpression, while shikonin-induced Bim expression was suppressed by p300 overexpression, which promoted cell survival. FOXO3a acetylation was increased by p300 overexpression and treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor, improving cell survival. In addition, shikonin-induced FOXO3a nuclear localization was blocked by AKT activation and SIRT1 inhibition, which blocked Bim expression and conferred resistance to the cytotoxic effects of shikonin. The EGR1 increase induced by shikonin was restored by pretreatment with SIRT1 inhibitor. These results suggest that shikonin induces apoptosis in some lung cancer cells via activation of FOXO3a/EGR1/SIRT1 signaling, and that AKT and p300 negatively regulate this process via Bim upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ji Jeung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyeul Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Bhom Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Won
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rock Jung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Im
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kiel Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arctigenin Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pulmonary Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Mouse Model via Suppression of MAPK, HO-1, and iNOS Signaling. Inflammation 2016; 38:1406-14. [PMID: 25616905 PMCID: PMC7102291 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arctigenin, a bioactive component of Arctium lappa (Nubang), has anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated the effects of arctigenin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Mice were divided into four groups: control, LPS, LPS + DMSO, and LPS + Arctigenin. Mice in the LPS + Arctigenin group were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg of arctigenin 1 h before an intratracheal administration of LPS (5 mg/kg). Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were collected. Histological changes of the lung were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Arctigenin decreased LPS-induced acute lung inflammation, infiltration of inflammatory cells into BALF, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, arctigenin pretreatment reduced the malondialdehyde level and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione peroxidase/glutathione disulfide ratio in the lung. Mechanically, arctigenin significantly reduced the production of nitric oxygen and inducible nitric oxygen synthase (iNOS) expression, enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1, and decreased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Arctigenin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury, which are associated with modulation of MAPK, HO-1, and iNOS signaling.
Collapse
|
25
|
Su Z, Liao J, Liu Y, Liang Y, Chen H, Chen X, Lai X, Feng X, Wu D, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Li Y. Protective effects of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemon cablin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:674-682. [PMID: 26893665 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Pogostemon cablin, which exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-influenza and cognitive-enhancing bioactivities. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PA on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Dexamethasone was used as a positive drug for protection against LPS-induced ALI. The results of the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with PA significantly increased survival rate, attenuated histopathologic damage and lung edema, and decreased the protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice with ALI. Furthermore, PA significantly inhibited the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the BALF, downregulated the levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, and upregulated the activity levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in lung tissue. These results indicated that PA may exert potent protective effects against LPS-induced ALI in mice, the mechanisms of which are possibly associated with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincal Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jinbin Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; Pharmaceutical Department, Guangdong Second Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhuo Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xuexuan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dianwei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang X, Hu W, Wu F, Yuan X, Hu J. Shikonin inhibits TNF-α-induced growth and invasion of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:615-24. [PMID: 26042337 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound extracted from the Chinese herb purple gromwell. Shikonin has broad antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced proliferation and invasion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an important factor that contributes to atherosclerosis. The effects of shikonin on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs have been reported; however, the function of shikonin on TNF-α-mediated growth and invasion of VSMCs during atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we used Western blot, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the effect of shikonin on the TNF-α-induced growth and invasion of VSMCs and to determine the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that shikonin inhibits the TNF-α-mediated growth and invasion. Further study revealed that shikonin regulates the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase signaling pathways; modulates the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, B-cell lymphoma 2, and Bax; activates caspase-3 and caspase-9; induces cell cycle arrest; and promotes the apoptosis of VSMCs. Together, our results indicate that shikonin may become a promising agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and they also establish foundation for the development of anti-atherosclerosis drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wu
- b Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yuan
- b Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang B, Ni YF, Wang WC, Du HY, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang WD, Jiang T. Melatonin attenuates intestinal ischemia--reperfusion-induced lung injury in rats by upregulating N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2. J Surg Res 2014; 194:273-80. [PMID: 25491174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful drug treatment for ischemia--reperfusion-induced lung injury remains a major clinical problem. Melatonin (MT) is a hormone that is principally synthesized in the pineal gland. It has been shown to exhibit a variety of functions including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Previous reports on N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG)2 have suggested that it is involved in cellular differentiation, development, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammatory cytokine, and antioxidant. The objective of this study was to test whether MT, a novel NDRG2 activator, can protect against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury (IIRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS IIRI was induced in rats by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min, and the occlusion was then released for reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control group; MT group; IIRI group; IIRI+5 mg/kg MT group; IIRI+15 mg/kg MT group; and IIRI+25 mg/kg MT group. The effects of MT on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung pathologic changes, inflammatory cytokines release, myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and malondialdehyde level were examined. In addition, the NDRG2 activation in lung tissues was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS MT pretreatment attenuated edema and the pathologic changes in the lung. MT also decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, MT markedly prevented IIRI-induced elevation of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, as well as reduction of superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, the expression of NDRG2 was activated by MT pretreatment in lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that MT exerted protection against IIRI-induced oxidative stress. The potential mechanism of this action may attribute partly to the activation of NDRG2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Chen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Yin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ji MH, Li GM, Jia M, Zhu SH, Gao DP, Fan YX, Wu J, Yang JJ. Valproic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Inflammation 2014; 36:1453-9. [PMID: 23846716 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a range of diseases including septic shock. However, the effects of VPA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains not well understood. We found that VPA pretreatment attenuated the LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by the reduced histological scores, myeloperoxidase activity, and wet-to-dry weight ratio in the lung tissues. This was accompanied by the downregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, nitric oxide, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the lung tissues and the decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, VPA reduced the nuclear histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 expression whereas increased the cytoplasmic HDAC3 expression. Our results suggested that VPA attenuates the LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting the NF-κB activation probably through a mechanism depending on HDAC3 redistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang Y, Wang J, Yang Q, Wu S, Yang Z, Zhu H, Zheng M, Liu W, Wu W, He J, Chen Z. Shikonin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of HMGB1 in RAW264.7 cells via IFN and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:81-7. [PMID: 24447680 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the anti-inflammation effect of Shikonin (Shik) and its mechanism, murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells (RAW264.7 cells) were divided into control group, LPS group (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5μg/ml), LPS (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5μg/ml) plus Shik (0.5, 1 and 2μM) group, and Shik (2μM) group. After exposure for 24h, the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in supernatant were measured with ELISA, the expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in supernatant and cytoplasm was assayed using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assays, the expression of IFN-β in cellular and supernatant was assayed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, and the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasm for NF-κB protein expression was assayed using western blot. The results of our investigation demonstrated that Shik could reduce significantly the levels of IL-6, NO and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells exposed to LPS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of HMGB1, IFN-β and the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasm for NF-κB protein expression in LPS plus Shik group declined significantly as compared with LPS group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The inhibitors of IFN-β signaling molecule JAK and NF-κB could attenuate significantly the expression of HMGB1 in supernatant. It was found in the present study that Shik could have the anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7 cells exposed to LPS, and one of the mechanisms may be the down-regulation of HMGB expression, which was associated with the IFN-β and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhenggang Yang
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weixia Liu
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiliang He
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|