Topic usage of kaolin-impregnated gauze as a hemostatic in tonsillectomy

A 3D-Printed Cuttlefish Bone Elastomeric Sponge Rapidly Controlling Noncompressible Hemorrhage

Developing a self-expanding hemostatic sponge with high blood absorption and rapid shape recovery for noncompressible hemorrhage remains a challenge. In this study, a 3D-printed cuttlefish bone elastomeric sponge (CBES) is fabricated, which combined ordered channels and porous structures, presented tunable mechanical strength, and shape memory potentials. The incorporation of cuttlefish bone powder (CBp) plays key roles in concentrating blood components, promoting aggregation of red blood cells and platelets, and activating platelets, which makes CBES show enhanced hemostatic performance compared with commercial gelatin sponges in vivo. Moreover, CBES promotes more histiocytic infiltration and neovascularization in the early stage of degradation than gelatin sponges, which is conducive to the regeneration and repair of injured tissue. To conclude, CBp loaded 3D-printed elastomeric sponges can promote coagulation, present the potential to guide tissue healing, and broaden the hemostatic application of traditional Chinese medicine.

Inorganic-based biomaterials for rapid hemostasis and wound healing

The challenge for the treatment of severe traumas poses an urgent clinical need for the development of biomaterials to achieve rapid hemostasis and wound healing. In the past few decades, active inorganic components and their derived composites have become potential clinical products owing to their excellent performances in the process of hemorrhage control and tissue repair. In this review, we provide a current overview of the development of inorganic-based biomaterials used for hemostasis and wound healing. We highlight the methods and strategies for the design of inorganic-based biomaterials, including 3D printing, freeze-drying, electrospinning and vacuum filtration. Importantly, inorganic-based biomaterials for rapid hemostasis and wound healing are presented, and we divide them into several categories according to different chemistry and forms and further discuss their properties, therapeutic mechanisms and applications. Finally, the conclusions and future prospects are suggested for the development of novel inorganic-based biomaterials in the field of rapid hemostasis and wound healing.

Effectiveness of Green Synthesis of Silver/Kaolinite Nanocomposite Using Quercus infectoria Galls Aqueous Extract and Its Chitosan-Capped Derivative on the Healing of Infected Wound

Kaolinite nanocomposites (NCs) could be utilized as agents for wound healing owing to their efficiency and low toxicity. The present study was conducted to synthesize a novel silver/kaolinite NCs (Ag/Kaol NCs) and investigate their chitosan derivation (Ag/Kaol/Chit NCs) using oak extract. XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and DLS were employed for the investigation of structural and physio-chemical properties of the synthesized NCs. The obtained results revealed that synthesized Ag/Kaol NCs were mesoporous and spherical with sizes ranging from 7-11 nm. They also demonstrated successful synthesis between silver and kaolinite using the extract. Cytotoxicity and in vitro antibacterial activity were also investigated. The clinical effects of ointments containing the NCs for improving wound healing were studied on the wound area, total bacterial count, histological parameters, and protein expression of some genes. Nanocomposites were safe up to 0.50 mg/mL. The results of in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity showed that Ag/Kaol NCs, were of antibacterial activity ( ). The results of antioxidant activity indicated that Ag/Kaol NCs have antioxidant structures. Our findings concerning molecular mechanism implied that Ag/Kaol/Chit increased the expression of Wnt/ β -catenin and collagen ( ). In sum, Ag/Kaol/Chit showed antibacterial activity and improved wound healing by decreasing the inflammation and promoting the proliferative phase. The novel NCs showed wound healing properties by decreasing inflammation and total bacterial count and increasing proliferative phase. The application of Ag/Kaol/Chit was suggested as a green agent for improving infected wound healing.

Self-assembly of sponge-like kaolin/chitosan/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogels for adsorption of Cr(VI) and AYR

The assembly of graphene oxide with biomass or polymers to form 3D hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties has become a research hotspot. In this work, the sponge-like kaolin/chitosan (CS)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was prepared for adsorption by simple self-assembly without cross-linking agent. The morphology, composition, surface properties, and pore size of as-prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential analyzer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of raw material ratio, contact time, temperature, pH, ionic strength, and recycling times on adsorption performance were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the composite has good absorption capacity for Cr(VI) and alizarin yellow R (AYR). Besides, composite hydrogel also exhibits excellent flexibility and good repeatability, which confirms its great potential as an adsorbent to remove pollutants in the water environment.

Characterization and Hemostatic Potential of Two Kaolins from Southern China

The physicochemical properties and potential hemostatic application of Wenchang kaolin and Maoming kaolin were inspected and evaluated. Chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface area determination, X-ray diffraction, particle size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and zeta potential analysis were performed to quantify the physical and chemical properties of the two kaolins. The results showed that both kaolins have typical FTIR bands of kaolinite with a weight fraction for kaolinite over 90 wt%. Larger conglobate aggregates of Maoming kaolin demonstrated wider particle size distributions with two peaks at 3.17 and 35.57 μm, while the book-like Wenchang kaolin had narrow particle size distribution, with a frequent size of 5.64 μm. Furthermore, thrombelastography, the whole blood clotting tests (WBCT), plasma recalcification time (PRT) measurement, and MTT assay were performed to measure the clotting activities and biocompatibility of the two kaolins. The results showed that both kaolins could promote blood coagulation with good cytocompatibility, while Wenchang kaolin had a better procoagulant activity than Maoming kaolin. These findings demonstrated Wenchang kaolin to be a more suitable local source material for application as a hemostatic agent.

The response of periodontal cells to kaolinite

OBJECTIVES

The impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells is yet unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the response of human periodontal cells to kaolinite.

METHODS

Human periodontal cells were treated with kaolinite at reducing concentrations from 30 to 0.0015 mg/mL and with conditioned medium, which was depleted of kaolinite. Cell viability was evaluated with a resazurin-based toxicity assay, Live-Dead staining, and MTT assay and staining. The pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were quantified via ELISA in periodontal fibroblasts. L-929, a standard cell-line used for cytotoxicity studies, served as control cell line. Composition of kaolinite was verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

RESULTS

Kaolinite in suspension but not in conditioned medium impaired cell viability dose-dependently. VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 production was not substantially modulated by kaolinite or the conditioned medium in periodontal cells.

CONCLUSION

Overall, kaolinite can decrease cell viability dose-dependently while conditioned medium showed no toxic effect. No pronounced impact of kaolinite on VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 production was observed. This study provided first insights into the impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells thereby inferring to the basis for the evaluation of kaolinite as a carrier in regenerative dentistry.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Kaolinite, a clay mineral, is successfully used in medicine due to its favorable properties. Also, applications in conservative dentistry are described. However, the response of oral cells to kaolinite is still unclear. Here, we assessed the impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells.

Evaluation of Hemostatic Behavior of Micro and Nano Gelatin/Silica Hybrid in Severe Bleeding

Background:

The pH variation of the injury site is an important factor in the failure of styptic and its structural damage. In this study, the behaviour of a gelatin-silica hybrid in severe bleeding was evaluated under different pH values. On the other hand, the effect of the hybrid particle size, which is one of the key physical properties of the hybrid, has been studied in rapid control of haemostasis. </P><P> Method: The hybrid haemostatic behaviour varied drastically by changing the particle size, so that the hybrid containing SiO2 with the average particle size of about 1 micro-meter (Hyb Gel-MSiO2) demonstrated very poor ability in platelet adhesion in neutral pH, about 24%. Also, the aPTT was not shorter than the normal time, whereas reduction of the particle size beyond a certain limit (with nanometer SiO2 for Hyb Gel-NSiO2) led to both increasing platelet adhesion to 32% and very considerable reduction of aPTT. </P><P> Results: Alignment of all results showed that the particle size reduction improves the haemostatic behaviour of the hybrid toward its best performance by controlling excessive bleeding. By changing the pH for a certain particle size, structural integrity, and thereby the hybrid haemostatic behaviour changed dramatically. Therefore, the nano-hybrid showed the most blood absorption (around 470%) in natural pH and acceded to a coherent structure. The results demonstrated that in alkaline or acidic environment, the hybrid haemostatic behaviour was limited. Based on the results of this study, it was found that changes in the hybrid behaviour in acidic pH were much more drastic than in alkaline pH, and also the hybrid with the optimum particle size (Hyb Gel-NSiO2) can maintain the structural integrity with rapid haemostasis (<3 seconds). </P><P> Conclusion: Based on the objective that the pH at the injury site change to the alkaline side, the resulting hybrid has an excellent ability to control excessive bleeding and can be proposed for further in vivo studies as a novel styptic.</P>

Gallium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass with potent hemostatic activity and antibacterial efficacy

Gallium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass can be considered as an efficient hemostatic material due to its merits of increased platelet adhesion and thrombin formation as well as antibacterial properties.