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Wang Q, Xiong J, He Y, He J, Cai M, Luo Z, Zhang T, Zhou X. Effect of L-arabinose and lactulose combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:5073-5087. [PMID: 38656276 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
L-Arabinose, lactulose, and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) have been reported to have glucolipid-lowering effects. Here, the effects of L-arabinose and lactulose combined with L. plantarum on obesity traits were investigated. According to the experimental results, the combination of L-arabinose, lactulose, and L. plantarum was more effective at reducing body weight, regulating glucolipid metabolism, and improving insulin resistance. Besides, this combination showed immunomodulatory activity by adjusting the T lymphocyte subsets and reduced the immune-related cytokine production. Moreover, it improved the gut barrier, ameliorated the disorder of gut microbiota, and upregulated the levels of SCFAs. More importantly, the AL group, LP group, and ALLP group showed different regulatory effects on the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus due to the presence of lactulose and L. plantarum. These findings elucidate that the combination of L-arabinose, lactulose, and L. plantarum constitutes a new synbiotic combination to control obesity by modulating glucolipid metabolism, immunomodulatory activity, inflammation, gut barrier, gut microbiota and production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Jialu Xiong
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Yalun He
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Juncheng He
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zexian Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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2
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Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Oh KK, Choi I, Gupta H, Raja G, Sharma SP, Won SM, Jeong JJ, Lee SB, Cha MG, Kwon GH, Jeong MK, Min BH, Hyun JY, Eom JA, Park HJ, Yoon SJ, Choi MR, Kim DJ, Suk KT. New insight into gut microbiota-derived metabolites to enhance liver regeneration via network pharmacology study. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:1-12. [PMID: 36562095 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2155661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We intended to identify favourable metabolite(s) and pharmacological mechanism(s) of gut microbiota (GM) for liver regeneration (LR) through network pharmacology. We utilized the gutMGene database to obtain metabolites of GM, and targets associated with metabolites as well as LR-related targets were identified using public databases. Furthermore, we performed a molecular docking assay on the active metabolite(s) and target(s) to verify the network pharmacological concept. We mined a total of 208 metabolites in the gutMGene database and selected 668 targets from the SEA (1,256 targets) and STP (947 targets) databases. Finally, 13 targets were identified between 61 targets and the gutMGene database (243 targets). Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that AKT1 is a hub target correlated with 12 additional targets. In this study, we describe the potential microbe from the microbiota (E. coli), chemokine signalling pathway, AKT1 and myricetin that accelerate LR, providing scientific evidence for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Kwang Oh
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ickwon Choi
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ganesan Raja
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Satya Priya Sharma
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Su-Been Lee
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Gi Cha
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Goo-Hyun Kwon
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyo Jeong
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyun Min
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Hyun
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung-A Eom
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Yoon
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Choi
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Suk
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea
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Chen YQ, Liu JL. Advances in research of microbiome regulation as a therapy for liver failure. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:971-977. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i22.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal flora of the human body is complex and diverse, and the structure and composition of the intestinal micro-ecosystem formed by the intestinal flora are complicated. Studies have shown that the imbalance of the intestinal micro-ecosystem is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver failure, and the degree of intestinal microecological imbalance is significantly correlated with the severity of liver failure. Therefore, the role of intestinal microbiome regulation in the treatment of liver failure and the improvement of prognosis has increasingly attracting the attention of scholars. However, due to the complexity of the composition and structure of the intestinal flora and its mechanism of action involved in the development of liver failure, the application of intestinal microbiome regulation in the clinic is limited to a certain extent. In this paper, we review the research progress of microbiome regulation as a therapy for liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiao Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Ling Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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5
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Xu Z, Jiang N, Xiao Y, Yuan K, Wang Z. The role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003376. [PMID: 36389782 PMCID: PMC9647006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has unique regeneration potential, which ensures the continuous dependence of the human body on hepatic functions. As the composition and function of gut microbiota has been gradually elucidated, the vital role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration through gut-liver axis has recently been accepted. In the process of liver regeneration, gut microbiota composition is changed. Moreover, gut microbiota can contribute to the regulation of the liver immune microenvironment, thereby modulating the release of inflammatory factors including IL-6, TNF-α, HGF, IFN-γ and TGF-β, which involve in different phases of liver regeneration. And previous research have demonstrated that through enterohepatic circulation, bile acids (BAs), lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids and other metabolites of gut microbiota associate with liver and may promote liver regeneration through various pathways. In this perspective, by summarizing gut microbiota-derived signaling pathways that promote liver regeneration, we unveil the role of gut microbiota in liver regeneration and provide feasible strategies to promote liver regeneration by altering gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Wang, ; Kefei Yuan, ; Yuanyuan Xiao,
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Wang, ; Kefei Yuan, ; Yuanyuan Xiao,
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Wang, ; Kefei Yuan, ; Yuanyuan Xiao,
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Abstract
Hydrogen therapy is a very promising treatment against several diseases due to its mild attributes, high affinity and inherent biosafety. However, there is little elaboration about current hydrogen treatment in liver diseases. This article introduces the administration of hydrogen and mechanisms of hydrogen therapy in vivo, including modulating reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and autophagy, and inflammation, affecting mitochondria, as well as protein transporters. The major focus is clinical hydrogen use and related mechanisms in liver dysfunction or diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B, liver dysfunction caused by liver tumour and colorectal tumour chemotherapy. Further, the article reveals ex vivo hydrogen application in liver protection. Finally, the article discusses the current and future challenges of hydrogen therapy in liver diseases, aiming to improve knowledge of hydrogen therapy and provide some insights into this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Bi M, Chen Z, Dai M, Zhou G, Hu Y, Yang H, Guan W. Hydrogen gas alleviates acute alcohol-induced liver injury by inhibiting JNK activation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:453. [PMID: 33767761 PMCID: PMC7976433 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge alcohol drinking is fast becoming a global health concern, with the liver among the first organ involved and the one afflicted with the greatest degree of injury. Oxidative stress, alterations in hepatic metabolism, immunity and inflammation have all been reported to contribute to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hydrogen gas (H2) serves a key role in the modulation of hepatic redox, immune and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the effects of treatment using intraperitoneal injection of H2 on ALD remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of intraperitoneal injection of H2 on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in a mouse model. H2 was administered by daily intraperitoneal injections (1.0 ml/100 g) for 4 days. On day 4, the mice received H2 after fasting for 5.5 h. After 30 min, the mice were administered with 33% (v/v) ethanol at a cumulative dose of 4.5 g/kg body weight by four equally divided gavages at 20-min intervals. Blood and liver tissues were collected at 16 h after the first ethanol gavage. Subsequently, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) levels were analyzed using an Automatic Clinical Analyzer. Hepatic JNK activity and GAPDH levels were examined by western blotting. It was observed that acute ethanol gavage induced liver injury, as indicated by significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels, which were effectively decreased by H2 at 16 h after the first ethanol gavage. In addition, H2 treatment reduced serum TC levels in the Alcohol+H2 group when compared with those in Alcohol group. Mechanistically, H2 attenuated hepatic JNK phosphorylation induced by acute ethanol gavage. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with exogenous H2 by intraperitoneal injection may alleviate acute alcohol-induced liver injury by inhibiting hepatic JNK activation, which may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mingmin Bi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Chen
- Biofeedback Laboratory, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Guan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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8
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Xu J, Zheng S, Zhou L. Hydrogen Gas: A Novel Type of Antioxidant in Modulating Sexual Organs Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8844346. [PMID: 33510842 PMCID: PMC7826209 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8844346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a science of cutting edge but bathed in mystery. Coitus or sexual intercourse, which is at the core of sexual activities, requires healthy and functioning vessels to supply the pelvic region, thus contributing to clitoris erection and vaginal lubrication in female and penile erection in male. It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) is the main gas mediator of penile and clitoris erection. In addition, the lightest and diffusible gas molecule hydrogen (H2) has been shown to improve erectile dysfunction (ED), testis injuries, sperm motility in male, preserve ovarian function, protect against uterine inflammation, preeclampsia, and breast cancer in female. Mechanistically, H2 has strong abilities to attenuate excessive oxidative stress by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals, modulate immunity and inflammation, and inhibit injuries-induced cell death. Therefore, H2 is a novel bioactive gas molecule involved in modulating sexual organs homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinwen Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhui Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lequan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li L, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu F. Protective Mechanism and Clinical Application of Hydrogen in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:103-112. [PMID: 31944068 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.103.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease accounts for one-third of all deaths, with ischemic heart disease as the main cause of death. Under pathological conditions, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) often occurs in tissues. Ischemic injury is mainly caused by anaerobic cell death and reperfusion which results in a wide range of inflammatory responses. These responses are able to increase tissue damage and even damage to the whole body. IRI can also aggravate the original cardiovascular disease during the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) for clinical treatment and application. At the same time, it is necessary to find a safe, reliable and feasible method for treating MIRI to reduce the incidence of complications and mortality as well as improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. As a selective antioxidant, hydrogen can neutralize excessive free radicals, has certain anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects and it has gradually become a focus and hotspot of preclinical and clinical research. Hydrogen has been shown to have a certain therapeutic effect on MIRI, which can provide a new therapeutic direction for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, the protective mechanism and clinical application of hydrogen in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is discussed.
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Hu Q, Zhou Y, Wu S, Wu W, Deng Y, Shao A. Molecular hydrogen: A potential radioprotective agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110589. [PMID: 32763820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have shown that hydrogen has therapeutic and preventive effects on various diseases. Its selective antioxidant properties were well noticed. Most of the ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals (OH) from radiolysis of H2O. Since hydrogen can mitigate such damage through multiple mechanisms, it presents noteworthy potential as a novel radio-protective agent. This review analyses possible mechanisms for hydrogen's radioprotective properties and effective delivery methods. We also look into details of vitro and vivo studies for hydrogen's radioprotective effects, and clinical practices. We conclude that hydrogen has good potential in radio-protection, with evidence that warrants greater research efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongge Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Yang H. Hydrogen: An Endogenous Regulator of Liver Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:877. [PMID: 32595504 PMCID: PMC7301907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic and clinical studies have shown that hydrogen (H2), the lightest gas in the air, has significant biological effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. The mammalian cells have no abilities to produce H2 due to lack of the expression of hydrogenase. The endogenous H2 in human body is mainly produced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroides, in gut and other organs through the reversible oxidation reaction of 2 H+ + 2 e- ⇌ H2. Supplement of exogenous H2 can improve many kinds of liver injuries, modulate glucose and lipids metabolism in animal models or in human beings. Moreover, hepatic glycogen has strong ability to accumulate H2, thus, among the organs examined, liver has the highest concentration of H2 after supplement of exogenous H2 by various strategies in vivo. The inadequate production of endogenous H2 play essential roles in brain, heart, and liver disorders, while enhanced endogenous H2 production may improve hepatitis, hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury, liver regeneration, and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, the endogenous H2 may play essential roles in maintaining liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Biofeedback Laboratory, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Ghobadi Pour M, Mirazi N, Alaei H, Radahmadi M, Rajaei Z, Monsef Esfahani A. The effects of concurrent treatment of silymarin and lactulose on memory changes in cirrhotic male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:177-186. [PMID: 32793440 PMCID: PMC7416014 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Chronic liver disease frequently accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in HE, make an easier entrance of ammonia among other substances to the brain, which leads to neurotransmitter disturbances. Lactulose (LAC), causes better defecation and makes ammonia outreach of blood. Silymarin (SM) is a known standard drug for liver illnesses. The purpose of this research was to determine the results of LAC and SM combined treatment, on the changes in memory of cirrhotic male rats. Methods: The cirrhotic model established by treatment with thioacetamide (TAA) for 18 weeks. Cirrhotic rats randomized to four groups (n = 7): TAA group (received drinking water), LAC group (2 g/kg/d LAC in drinking water), SM group (50 mg/kg/d SM by food), SM+ LAC group (similar combined doses of both compounds) for 8 weeks. The control group received drinking water. The behavior examined by wire hanging (WH), passive avoidance (PA), and open field (OF) tests.
Results: Our findings showed that treatment with SM+LAC effectively increased PA latency, compared with the control group. The results showed that the administration of LAC and SM+LAC affected the number of lines crossed, the total distance moved and velocity in the OF tests. Conclusion: SM and LAC have anti-inflammatory effects that are memory changing. It may be due to their useful effects. These results indicated that SM+LAC restored memory disturbance and irritated mood in the cirrhotic rats. Comparable neuroprotection was never previously informed. Such outcomes are extremely promising and indicate the further study of SM+LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Radahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Whey and Its Derivatives for Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Functional Foods: a Critical Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:348-369. [PMID: 29732479 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of whey as a source of new-generation functional ingredients. Particular interest is given to probiotic growth in the presence of whey derivatives such as lactulose, a lactose derivative, which is a highly sought-after prebiotic in functional feeding. The role of sugar/nitrogen interactions in the formation of Maillard products is also highlighted. These compounds are known for their antioxidant power. The role of bioactive peptides from whey is also discussed in this study. Finally, the importance of an integrated valuation of whey is discussed with an emphasis on functional nutrition and the role of probiotics in the development of novel foods such as synbiotics.
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15
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Ruszkowski J, Witkowski JM. Lactulose: Patient- and dose-dependent prebiotic properties in humans. Anaerobe 2019; 59:100-106. [PMID: 31176002 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactulose is a disaccharide used in clinical practice since 1957 and has since been tested in the treatment of many human disorders, including chronic constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Its mode of action is based on the lactulose fermentation by intestinal microbiota. Based on in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies we comprehensively review here the impact of lactulose on human gut/fecal and vaginal microbiota composition and both fecal and blood metabolomes. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies summarized in this review have revealed that the effects of lactulose on human microbiota composition are both patient- and dose-dependent. This highlights the need of heterogeneity indication in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ruszkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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Zhu Z, Yu J, Lin W, Tang H, Zhang W, Lu B. Molecular hydrogen accelerates the reversal of acute obstructive cholangitis‑induced liver dysfunction by restoring gap and tight junctions. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5177-5184. [PMID: 31059036 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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Ge YS, Zhang QZ, Li H, Bai G, Jiao ZH, Wang HB. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:48-61. [PMID: 30573299 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We investigated the effects of hydrogen on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine. METHODS Twenty-one healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the sham group, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) group, HRS-5 (5 mL/kg) group, and HRS-10 (10 mL/kg) group. HRS was injected through the portal vein 10 min before reperfusion and at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3. The roles of HRS on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and liver regeneration were studied. RESULTS Compared with the IRI group, HRS treatment attenuated oxidative stress by increasing catalase activity and reducing myeloperoxidase. White blood cells in the HRS-10 group were reduced compared with the IRI group (P < 0.01). In the HRS-10 group, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein and cortisol were downregulated, whereas interleukin-10 was upregulated. In addition, HRS attenuated endothelial cell injury and promoted the secretion of angiogenic cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. HRS elevated the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, Cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and reduced the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta. CONCLUSIONS HRS treatment may exert a protective effect against I/R and hepatectomy-induced hepatic damage by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Song Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qian-Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Zheng W, Ji X, Zhang Q, Yao W. Intestinal Microbiota Ecological Response to Oral Administrations of Hydrogen-Rich Water and Lactulose in Female Piglets Fed a Fusarium Toxin-Contaminated Diet. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E246. [PMID: 29914163 PMCID: PMC6024725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to explore the intestinal microbiota ecological response to oral administrations of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and lactulose (LAC) in female piglets fed a Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated diet. A total of 24 individually-housed female piglets (Landrace × large × white; initial average body weight, 7.25 ± 1.02 kg) were randomly assigned to receive four treatments (six pigs/treatment): uncontaminated basal diet (negative control, NC), mycotoxin-contaminated diet (MC), MC diet + HRW (MC + HRW), and MC diet + LAC (MC + LAC) for 25 days. Hydrogen levels in the mucosa of different intestine segments were measured at the end of the experiment. Fecal scoring and diarrhea rate were recorded every day during the whole period of the experiment. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in the digesta of the foregut and hindgut samples were assayed. The populations of selected bacteria and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of total bacteria and methanogenic Archaea were also evaluated. Results showed that Fusarium mycotoxins not only reduced the hydrogen levels in the caecum but also shifted the SCFAs production, and populations and communities of microbiota. HRW treatment increased the hydrogen levels of the stomach and duodenum. HRW and LAC groups also had higher colon and caecum hydrogen levels than the MC group. Both HRW and LAC protected against the mycotoxin-contaminated diet-induced higher diarrhea rate and lower SCFA production in the digesta of the colon and caecum. In addition, the DGGE profile results indicated that HRW and LAC might shift the pathways of hydrogen-utilization bacteria, and change the diversity of intestine microbiota. Moreover, HRW and LAC administrations reversed the mycotoxin-contaminated diet-induced changing of the populations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bifidobacterium in ileum digesta and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria in colon digesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Zheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xu Ji
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wen Yao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Hydrogen-Rich Water and Lactulose Protect Against Growth Suppression and Oxidative Stress in Female Piglets Fed Fusarium Toxins Contaminated Diets. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060228. [PMID: 29867031 PMCID: PMC6024318 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) or lactulose (LAC) could protect against the adverse effects of Fusarium mycotoxins-contaminated diet on the growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets. A total of 24 individually housed female piglets were randomly assigned to receive four treatments for 25 days (six pigs/treatment): uncontaminated basal diet (negative control), mycotoxin-contaminated (MC) diet, MC diet + HRW (MC + HRW) and MC diet + LAC (MC + LAC). The plasma hydrogen levels before and after 2 h hydrogen-free water/HRW administration were detected at day 21, and the liver hydrogen levels were detected at the end of the experiment. Serum hormones related to appetite regulation, and serum and liver oxidant and antioxidant status were also measured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that both HRW and LAC treatments significantly attenuated the reduction of average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) caused by Fusarium mycotoxins. LAC administration increased the hydrogen concentrations in plasma and liver. HRW treated group had higher plasma hydrogen levels than the MC group. Compared with the NC group, the MC group had significantly increased serum peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) levels. Interestingly, both HRW and LAC administrations had a lower reduced serum PYY and CKK levels. Most importantly, oral administration of HRW and LAC attenuated the Fusarium mycotoxins-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, oral administration of hydrogen-rich water or lactulose could both protect against the growth reduction and oxidative damage caused by Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Curcumin on Liver Cirrhosis Using a Combination of Biochemical Analysis and Magnetic Resonance-Based Electrical Conductivity Imaging. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:5491797. [PMID: 29887757 PMCID: PMC5985075 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5491797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In oriental medicine, curcumin is used to treat inflammatory diseases, and its anti-inflammatory effect has been reported in recent research. In this feasibility study, the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin was investigated using a rat liver cirrhosis model, which was induced with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). Together with biochemical analysis, we used a magnetic resonance-based electrical conductivity imaging method to evaluate tissue conditions associated with a protective effect. The effects of curcumin treatment and lactulose treatment on liver cirrhosis were compared. Electrical conductivity images indicated that liver tissues damaged by DMN showed decreased conductivity compared with normal liver tissues. In contrast, cirrhotic liver tissues treated with curcumin or lactulose showed increased conductivity than tissues in the DMN-only group. Specifically, conductivity of cirrhotic liver after curcumin treatment was similar to that of normal liver tissues. Histological staining and immunohistochemical examination showed significant levels of attenuated fibrosis and decreased inflammatory response after both curcumin and lactulose treatments compared with damaged liver tissues by DMN. The conductivity imaging and biochemical examination results indicate that curcumin's anti-inflammatory effect can prevent the progression of irreversible liver dysfunction.
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Ge L, Yang M, Yang NN, Yin XX, Song WG. Molecular hydrogen: a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102653-102673. [PMID: 29254278 PMCID: PMC5731988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2007 discovery that molecular hydrogen (H2) has selective antioxidant properties, multiple studies have shown that H2 has beneficial effects in diverse animal models and human disease. This review discusses H2 biological effects and potential mechanisms of action in various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, organ injury, and cancer; describes effective H2 delivery approaches; and summarizes recent progress toward H2 applications in human medicine. We also discuss remaining questions in H2 therapy, and conclude with an appeal for a greater role for H2 in the prevention and treatment of human ailments that are currently major global health burdens. This review makes a case for supporting hydrogen medicine in human disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Xin Yin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Department of medical immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
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Antifibrotic Effect of Lactulose on a Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury Model. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:7942531. [PMID: 28912805 PMCID: PMC5585605 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7942531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most severe side effect of prolonged MTX treatment is hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lactulose treatment on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Twenty-four male rats were included in the study. Sixteen rats were given a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX to induce liver injury. Eight rats were given no drugs. 16 MTX-given rats were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 subjects were given lactulose 5 g/kg/day, and group 2 subjects were given saline 1 ml/kg/day for 10 days. The rats were then sacrificed to harvest blood and liver tissue samples in order to determine blood and tissue MDA, serum ALT, plasma TNF-α, TGF-β, and PTX3 levels. Histological specimens were examined via light microscopy. Exposure to MTX caused structural and functional hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by relatively worse histopathological scores and increased biochemical marker levels. Lactulose treatment significantly reduced the liver enzyme ALT, plasma TNF-α, TGF-β, PTX3, and MDA levels and also decreased histological changes in the liver tissue with MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat model. We suggest that lactulose has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on an MTX-induced liver injury model. These effects can be due to the impact of intestinal microbiome.
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Ghobadi Pour M, Mirazi N, Alaei H, Moradkhani S, Rajaei Z, Monsef Esfahani A. Effects of lactulose and silymarin on liver enzymes in cirrhotic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:522-529. [PMID: 28281782 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, a mixture of antihepatotoxic flavonolignans used in the treatment of liver diseases, and lactulose, a nonabsorbable synthetic disaccharide, were investigated to analyze their probable synergic and healing effects in a hepatic cirrhotic rat model. Liver damage was induced by the administration and subsequent withdrawal of thioacetamide. The significant decrease in liver enzymes and malondialdehyde levels confirmed the curative effects of silymarin and lactulose. In the silymarin + lactulose group, liver enzyme and malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced compared with those in the thioacetamide group. All treatments led to liver regeneration and triggered enhanced regeneration. Silymarin and lactulose alone or in combination have potent curative effects and reduce thioacetamide-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Alaei
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Monsef Esfahani
- d Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
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Prebiotics: A Novel Approach to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2017:6238106. [PMID: 28573132 PMCID: PMC5442341 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6238106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the fatal malignancies and is considered as the third leading cause of death. Mutations, genetic modifications, dietary aflatoxins, or impairments in the regulation of oncogenic pathways may bring about liver cancer. An effective barrier against hepatotoxins is offered by gut-liver axis as a change in gut permeability and expanded translocation of lipopolysaccharides triggers the activation of Toll-like receptors which stimulate the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. Prebiotics, nondigestible oligosaccharides, have a pivotal role to play when it comes to inducing an antitumor effect. A healthy gut flora balance is imperative to downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and reducing lipopolysaccharides induced endotoxemia, thus inducing the antitumor effect.
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Zong DW, Guo CY, Cheng HT, Hu HT, Xiao JC, Li HL. Influence of lactulose on interventional therapy for HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:193-6. [PMID: 26919955 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of lactulose on immunity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after double-interventional therapies. METHODS A total of 40 HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism, hospitalized during January 2013 to June 2014, were enrolled and randomized into control group and observation group. Both groups received partial splenic embolization combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Besides, observation group orally took lactulose 30 mL/d. Four days before interventional therapies and at days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after therapies, fasting venous blood was collected to detect white blood cell count, red blood cell count (RBC), and platelet count (PLT). Four days before therapies and at days 7 and 14 after therapies, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, malondialdehyde, super-oxide dismutase (SOD), IFN-γ, and IL-4 as well as the distribution of T cell subsets in peripheral blood were tested. Complications were observed after interventional therapies. RESULTS Before interventional therapies the levels of white blood cell count, PLT and RBC in both groups showed no difference, while after interventional therapies the levels of PLT and RBC in both groups showed an increasing tendency (P < 0.05). At day 14 after interventional therapies, the level of blood cell as well as that of SOD, IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum were significantly higher than that before therapies; meanwhile, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin of observation group after therapies were significantly lower than before and control group (P < 0.05), the levels of CD4(+)/CD8(+), SOD and IFN-γ were all higher than before and control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of lactulose could adjust the imbalance of oxidation system/antioxidant system in HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after interventional therapies, and improve the antitumor immunity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Wei Zong
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Chen-Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hong-Tao Cheng
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hong-Tao Hu
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Ichihara M, Sobue S, Ito M, Ito M, Hirayama M, Ohno K. Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen - comprehensive review of 321 original articles. Med Gas Res 2015; 5:12. [PMID: 26483953 PMCID: PMC4610055 DOI: 10.1186/s13618-015-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and human diseases have been investigated since 2007. A total of 321 original articles have been published from 2007 to June 2015. Most studies have been conducted in Japan, China, and the USA. About three-quarters of the articles show the effects in mice and rats. The number of clinical trials is increasing every year. In most diseases, the effect of hydrogen has been reported with hydrogen water or hydrogen gas, which was followed by confirmation of the effect with hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas of less than 4 % is given by inhalation. The effects have been reported in essentially all organs covering 31 disease categories that can be subdivided into 166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants with a predominance of oxidative stress-mediated diseases and inflammatory diseases. Specific extinctions of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were initially presented, but the radical-scavenging effect of hydrogen cannot be held solely accountable for its drastic effects. We and others have shown that the effects can be mediated by modulating activities and expressions of various molecules such as Lyn, ERK, p38, JNK, ASK1, Akt, GTP-Rac1, iNOS, Nox1, NF-κB p65, IκBα, STAT3, NFATc1, c-Fos, and ghrelin. Master regulator(s) that drive these modifications, however, remain to be elucidated and are currently being extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ichihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Sayaka Sobue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673 Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
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