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Pan HC, Yang CN, Lee WJ, Sheehan J, Wu SM, Chen HS, Lin MH, Shen LW, Lee SH, Shen CC, Pan LY, Liu SH, Sheu ML. Melatonin Enhanced Microglia M2 Polarization in Rat Model of Neuro-inflammation Via Regulating ER Stress/PPARδ/SIRT1 Signaling Axis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38530514 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation involves distinct alterations of microglial phenotypes, containing nocuous pro-inflammatory M1-phenotype and neuroprotective anti-inflammatory M-phenotype. Currently, there is no effective treatment for modulating such alterations. M1/M2 marker of primary microglia influenced by Melatonin were detected via qPCR. Functional activities were explored by western blotting, luciferase activity, EMSA, and ChIP assay. Structure interaction was assessed by molecular docking and LIGPLOT analysis. ER-stress detection was examined by ultrastructure TEM, calapin activity, and ERSE assay. The functional neurobehavioral evaluations were used for investigation of Melatonin on the neuroinflammation in vivo. Melatonin had targeted on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ) activity, boosted LPS-stimulated alterations in polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, and thereby inhibited NFκB-IKKβ activation in primary microglia. The PPARδ agonist L-165,041 or over-expression of PPARδ plasmid (ov-PPARδ) showed similar results. Molecular docking screening, dynamic simulation approaches, and biological studies of Melatonin showed that the activated site was located at PPARδ (phospho-Thr256-PPARδ). Activated microglia had lowered PPARδ activity as well as the downstream SIRT1 formation via enhancing ER-stress. Melatonin, PPARδ agonist and ov-PPARδ all effectively reversed the above-mentioned effects. Melatonin blocked ER-stress by regulating calapin activity and expression in LPS-activated microglia. Additionally, Melatonin or L-165,041 ameliorated the neurobehavioral deficits in LPS-aggravated neuroinflammatory mice through blocking microglia activities, and also promoted phenotype changes to M2-predominant microglia. Melatonin suppressed neuro-inflammation in vitro and in vivo by tuning microglial activation through the ER-stress-dependent PPARδ/SIRT1 signaling cascade. This treatment strategy is an encouraging pharmacological approach for the remedy of neuro-inflammation associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chuan Pan
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sheng-Mao Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsun Lin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Pan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Yu Y, Xu J, Li H, Lv J, Zhang Y, Niu R, Wang J, Zhao Y, Sun Z. α-Lipoic acid improves mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics by enhancing antioxidant and inhibiting Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway to relieve fluoride-induced hepatotoxic injury. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110719. [PMID: 37739047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F), widely present in water and food, poses a serious threat to liver health, and oxidative damage and mitochondrial damage are its main causes. As a natural mitochondrial protector and antioxidant, α-lipoic acid (ALA)'s alleviating effect on fluorosis liver injury and its underlying mechanism are still unclear. Therefore, this study established a fluorosis ALA intervention mice model to explore the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway in ALA attenuating fluorosis liver injury. The results showed that ALA mitigated F-induced weight loss, hepatic structural and functional damage, hepatocytes mitochondrial damage, and decreased antioxidant levels. However, ALA did not reduce F accumulation in the femur. Further mRNA and protein detection results showed that F increased the expression levels of key genes in the mitochondrial fission (Drp1, Mff, and Fis1), mitophagy (Parkin, Pink1, and Prdx3), Wnt/Ca2+ pathway (Wnt5a and CaMK2), and rised the number and intensity of fluorescent spots of Drp1, but decreased the expression levels of key genes in the mitochondrial biogenesis (Sirt1, Sirt3, and PGC-1α) and fusion (OPA1, Mfn2, and Mfn1), and reduced the number and intensity of fluorescent spots of PGC-1α in the liver. However, the intervention of ALA relieved the F-induced changes in the expressions of the above genes. In conclusion, ALA mitigated F-induced hepatic injury through enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting Wnt/Ca2+ pathway to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics disturbance. This study further reveals the hepatotoxic mechanism of F and the protective mechanism of ALA, and provides a theoretical basis for ALA as a potential preventive and palliative agent for F-induced hepatotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jipeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jia Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
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Ma J, Xu Y, Zhang M, Li Y. Geraniol ameliorates acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine via regulating macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by PPAR-γ methylation Geraniol alleviates acute liver failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115467. [PMID: 36849063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Geraniol (Ger), a natural acyclic monoterpene alcohol, has been reported to exert protective effects through anti-inflammation in Acute liver failure (ALF). However, its specific roles and precise mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects in ALF have not yet fully explored. We aimed to investigated the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of Ger against ALF induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GaIN). In this study, the liver tissue and serum of LPS/D-GaIN-induced mice were collected. The degree of liver tissue injury was evaluated by HE and TUNEL staining. Serum levels of liver injury markers (ALT and AST) and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA assays. PCR and western blotting were conducted to determine the expression of inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, PPAR-γ pathway-related proteins, DNA Methyltransferases and M1/M2 polarization cytokines. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess the localization and expression of macrophage markers (F4/80 and CD86), NLRP3 and PPAR-γ. In vitro experiments were performed in macrophages stimulated with LPS with or without IFN-γ. Purification of macrophages and cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. We found that Ger effectively alleviated ALF in mice, specified by the attenuation of liver tissue pathological damage, inhibition of ALT, AST and inflammatory factor levels, and inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Meanwhile, downregulation M1 macrophage polarization may involve in the protective effects of Ger. In vitro, Ger reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis through regulating PPAR-γ methylation by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, Ger protects against ALF through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation and LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via modulating PPAR-γ methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Differential and Overlapping Effects of Melatonin and Its Metabolites on Keratinocyte Function: Bioinformatics and Metabolic Analyses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040618. [PMID: 33920561 PMCID: PMC8073250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of melatonin and its selected metabolites, i.e., N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) and 6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)Mel), on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) to assess their homeostatic activities with potential therapeutic implications. RNAseq analysis revealed a significant number of genes with distinct and overlapping patterns, resulting in common regulation of top diseases and disorders. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Reactome FIViZ, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed overrepresentation of the p53-dependent G1 DNA damage response gene set, activation of p53 signaling, and NRF2-mediated antioxidative pathways. Additionally, GSEA exhibited an overrepresentation of circadian clock and antiaging signaling gene sets by melatonin derivatives and upregulation of extension of telomere signaling in HEKs, which was subsequently confirmed by increased telomerase activity in keratinocytes, indicating possible antiaging properties of metabolites of melatonin. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) showed the activation of a keratinocyte differentiation program by melatonin, and GSEA indicated antitumor and antilipidemic potential of melatonin and its metabolites. IPA also indicated the role of Protein Kinase R (PKR) in interferon induction and antiviral response. In addition, the test compounds decreased lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) gene expression. These results were validated by qPCR and by Seahorse metabolic assay with significantly decreased glycolysis and lactate production under influence of AFMK or 6(OH)Mel in cells with a low oxygen consumption rate. In summary, melatonin and its metabolites affect keratinocytes’ functions via signaling pathways that overlap for each tested molecule with some distinctions.
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Jin L, Zhu HY, Kang XJ, Lin LP, Zhang PY, Tan T, Yu Y, Fan Y. Melatonin protects against oxybenzone-induced deterioration of mouse oocytes during maturation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2727-2749. [PMID: 33373318 PMCID: PMC7880374 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxybenzone (OBZ), an ultraviolet light filter that is widely used in sunscreens and cosmetics, is an emerging contaminant found in humans and the environment. Recent studies have shown that OBZ has been detected in women's plasma, urine, and breast milk. However, the effects of OBZ exposure on oocyte meiosis have not been addressed. In this study, we investigated the detrimental effects of OBZ on oocyte maturation and the protective roles of melatonin (MT) in OBZ-exposed mouse models. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that OBZ suppressed oocyte maturation, while MT attenuated the meiotic defects induced by OBZ. In addition, OBZ facilitated H3K4 demethylation by increasing the expression of the Kdm5 family of genes, elevating ROS levels, decreasing GSH, impairing mitochondrial quality, and disrupting spindle configuration in oocytes. However, MT treatment resulted in significant protection against OBZ-induced damage during oocyte maturation and improved oocyte quality. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial roles of MT involved reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis, restoration of abnormal spindle assembly and up-regulation of H3K4me3. Collectively, our results suggest that MT protects against defects induced by OBZ during mouse oocyte maturation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Jin Kang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Pu-Yao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Scienceand Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
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Luo Y, Yang Y, Shen Y, Li L, Huang J, Tang L, Zhang L. Luzindole attenuates LPS/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in mice. Innate Immun 2019; 26:319-327. [PMID: 31779498 PMCID: PMC7251793 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919890912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-documented hormone that plays central roles in the regulation
of sleep–wake cycles. There is cumulative evidence to suggest that melatonin is
also a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation, and luzindole has been widely used
as a melatonin receptor antagonist. This study investigated the potential
effects of luzindole on LPS/d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced
acute hepatitis. The results indicated that treatment with luzindole alleviated
histological damage in the liver, reduced the level of transaminases in plasma
and improved the survival of LPS/d-GalN-exposed mice. Treatment with
luzindole also suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α
and IL-6 in LPS/d-GalN-exposed mice. In addition, treatment with
luzindole inhibited the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and suppressed the
cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Therefore, treatment with
luzindole attenuates LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver injury, suggesting
that luzindole might have potential value for the intervention of
inflammation-based hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China.,Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
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Endogenous and Exogenous Melatonin Exposure Attenuates Hepatic MT 1 Melatonin Receptor Protein Expression in Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090408. [PMID: 31540398 PMCID: PMC6770540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors are highly relevant for the hepatoprotective effects of the pineal hormone melatonin after experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. In this study, we sought to determine the spatial expression pattern and a putative regulation of two melatonin receptors, membrane bound type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2), in the liver of rats. In a male rat model (Sprague Dawley) of hemorrhage and resuscitation, we investigated the gene expression and protein of MT1 and MT2 in rat liver by utilizing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Plasma melatonin content was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Male rats underwent hemorrhage and were resuscitated with shed blood and a Ringer’s solution (n = 8 per group). After 90 min of hemorrhage, animals were given vehicle, melatonin, or ramelteon (each 1.0 mg/kg intravenously). Sham-operated controls did not undergo hemorrhage but were treated likewise. Plasma melatonin was significantly increased in all groups treated with melatonin and also after hemorrhagic shock. Only MT1, but not the MT2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein, was detected in the rat liver. The MT1 protein was located in pericentral fields of liver lobules in sham-operated animals. After hemorrhagic shock and treatment with melatonin or ramelteon, the hepatic MT1 protein amount was significantly attenuated in all groups compared to sham controls (50% reduction; p < 0.001). With respect to MT1 mRNA, no significant changes were observed between groups (p = 0.264). Our results indicate that both endogenous melatonin exposure from hemorrhagic shock, as well as exogenous melatonin and ramelteon exposure, may attenuate melatonin receptors in rat hepatocytes, possibly by means of desensitization.
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