1
|
Saengmanee T, Thiankhaw K, Tanprawate S, Soontornpun A, Wantaneeyawong C, Teekaput C, Sirimaharaj N, Nudsasarn A. A Simplified Risk Score to Predict In-Hospital Newly-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1363-1373. [PMID: 37096200 PMCID: PMC10122483 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s406546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant cause of stroke, and newly diagnosed AF (NDAF) is typically detected in the early period of stroke onset. We aimed to identify the factors associated with in-hospital NDAF in acute ischemic stroke patients and developed a simplified clinical prediction model. Methods Patients with cryptogenic stroke aged 18 years or older who were admitted between January 2017 and December 2021 were recruited. NDAF was determined by inpatient cardiac telemetry. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with in-hospital NDAF. The predictive model was developed using regression coefficients. Results The study enrolled 244 eligible participants, of which 52 NDAFs were documented (21.31%), and the median time to detection was two days (1-3.5). After multivariable regression analysis, parameters significantly associated with in-hospital NDAF were elderly (>75 years) (adjusted Odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confident interval, 1.51-5.91; P = 0.002), female sex (2.08; 1.04-4.14; P = 0.04), higher admission national institute of health stroke scale (1.04; 1.00-1.09; P = 0.05), and presence of hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (2.33; 1.13-4.79; P = 0.02). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve resulted in 0.74 (95% CI 0.65-0.80), and the cut-point of 2 showed 87% sensitivity and 42% specificity. Conclusion The validated and simplified risk scores for predicting in-hospital NDAF primarily rely on simplified parameters and high sensitivity. It might be used as a screening tool for in-hospital NDAF in stroke patients who initially presumed cryptogenic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanachporn Saengmanee
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kitti Thiankhaw
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Correspondence: Kitti Thiankhaw, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110, Inthawaroros Road, Sriphum, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Tel +66 5393 5899, Fax +66 5393 5481, Email ;
| | - Surat Tanprawate
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atiwat Soontornpun
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayasak Wantaneeyawong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chutithep Teekaput
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nopdanai Sirimaharaj
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Angkana Nudsasarn
- The Northern Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Çinar T, Hayiroğlu Mİ, Selçuk M, Cinier G, Çiçek V, Doğan S, Kiliç Ş, Asal S, Atmaca MM, Orhan AL. Evaluation of electrocardiographic P wave parameters in predicting long-term atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:877-884. [PMID: 36351415 PMCID: PMC9770087 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrocardiographic parameters, such as P wave peak time (PWPT), P wave duration (PWD), and P wave amplitude in lead DI, have been utilized to assess left atrial anomalies linked to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in different cohort settings. OBJECTIVE To compare electrocardiographic parameters, such as P waves, in predicting long-term AF risk in acute ischemic stroke cases. METHODS The data of 231 consecutive acute ischemic stroke cases were retrospectively collected. Two independent cardiologists interpreted the electrocardiography recordings for PWPT, PWD, and P wave amplitude in lead DI. The median follow-up study period was 16 (interquartile range [IQR]: 11-24) months. RESULTS In total, AF was detected in 43 (18.6%) cases. All studied P wave parameters were found to be statistically significant in cases with AF. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, dementia, left atrium volume index, PWD (razão de chances [RC]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.058-1.184; p = 0.003), PWPT in lead DII (RC: 1.030; 95%CI: 1.010-1.050; p = 0.003), and advanced interatrial block morphology were independent predictors of long-term AF. P wave duration had the highest area under the curve value, sensitivity, and specificity for long-term AF in such cases compared with the other P wave parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our head-to-head comparison of well-known P wave parameters demonstrated that PWD might be the most useful P wave parameter for long-term AF in acute ischemic stroke cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Çinar
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.,Address for correspondence Tufan Çınar
| | - Mert İlker Hayiroğlu
- Health Sciences University, Dr. Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Selçuk
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Göksel Cinier
- Health Sciences University, Dr. Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Çiçek
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selami Doğan
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şahhan Kiliç
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Süha Asal
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Mert Atmaca
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Lütfullah Orhan
- Health Sciences University, Sultan II, Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pang M, Li Z, Sun L, Zhao N, Hao L. A nomogram for predicting atrial fibrillation detected after acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1005885. [PMID: 36313507 PMCID: PMC9614087 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation detected after stroke (AFDAS) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) recurrence and death. Early diagnosis can help identify strategies for secondary prevention and improve prognosis. However, there are no validated predictive tools to assess the population at risk for AFDAS. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the incidence of AFDAS after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods This study was a multicenter retrospective study. We collected clinical data from 5332 patients with AIS at two hospitals between 2014.01 and 2021.12 and divided the development and validation of clinical prediction models into a training cohort (n = 3173) and a validation cohort (n = 2159). Characteristic variables were selected from the training cohort using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and multivariable logistic regression analysis. A nomogram model was developed, and its performance was evaluated regarding calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility. Results We found the best subset of risk factors based on clinical characteristics and laboratory variables, including age, congestive heart failure (CHF), previous AIS/transient ischemia attack (TIA), national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). A predictive model was developed. The model showed good calibration and discrimination, with calibration values of Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 4.813, P = 0.732 and Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 4.248, P = 0.834 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.815, 95% CI (0.777–0.853) and 0.808, 95% CI (0.770–0.847). The inclusion of neuroimaging variables significantly improved the performance of the integrated model in both the training cohort (AUC. 0.846 (0.811–0.882) vs. 0.815 (0.777–0.853), P = 0.001) and the validation cohort (AUC: 0.841 (0.804–0.877) vs. 0.808 (0.770–0.847), P = 0.001). The decision curves showed that the integrated model added more net benefit in predicting the incidence of AFDAS. Conclusion Predictive models based on clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, and neuroimaging variables showed good calibration and high net clinical benefit, informing clinical decision-making in diagnosing and treating patients with AFDAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pang
- Neuroelectrophysiology Room, Function Department, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhuanyun Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Neuroelectrophysiology Room, Function Department, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lina Hao
- Neuroelectrophysiology Room, Function Department, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Hao
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Purroy F, Vicente-Pascual M, Arque G, Begue R, Farre J, Gallego Y, Gil-Villar MP, Mauri G, Montalà N, Pereira C, Torres-Querol C, Vazquez-Justes D. Risk of New-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation After Transient Ischemic Attack. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905304. [PMID: 35911925 PMCID: PMC9331650 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient ischemic attack (TIA) provides a unique opportunity to optimize secondary preventive treatments to avoid subsequent ischemic stroke (SIS). Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the leading cause of cardioembolism in IS and anticoagulation prevents stroke recurrence (SR), limited data exists about the risk of new-diagnosed AF (NDAF) after TIA and the consequences of the diagnostic delay. The aim of our study was to determine this risk in a cohort of TIA patients with long-term follow-up. Methods We carried out a prospective cohort study of 723 consecutive TIA patients from January 2006 to June 2010. Median follow-up was 6.5 (5.0-9.6) years. In a subgroup of 204 (28.2%) consecutive patients, a panel of biomarkers was assessed during the first 24 h of the onset of symptoms. Multivariate analyses were performed to find out the associated factors of NDAF. Kaplan-Meier analysis was also performed to analyzed risk of SIS. Results NDAF was indentified in 116 (16.0%) patients: 42 (36.2%) during admission, 18 (15.5%) within first year, 29 (25%) between one and five years and 27 (23.3%) beyond 5 years. NDAF was associated with sex (female) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.61 (95% CI, 1.07- 2.41)], age [[HR 1.05 (95% CI, 1.03-1.07)], previous ischemic heart disease (IHD) [HR 1.84, (95% CI 1.15-2.97)] and cortical DWI pattern [HR 2.81 (95% CI, 1.87-4.21)]. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, NT-proBNP ≥ 218.2 pg/ml (log-rank test P < 0.001) was associated with significant risk of NDAF during the first 5 years of follow-up. Patients with NDAF after admission and before 5 years of follow-up had the highest risk of SIS (P = 0.002). Conclusion The risk of NDAF after TIA is clinically relevant. We identified clinical and neuroimaging factors of NDAF. In addition, NT-proBNP was related to NDAF. Our results can be used to evaluate the benefit of long-term cardiac monitoring in selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Purroy
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mikel Vicente-Pascual
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gloria Arque
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Robert Begue
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Farre
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Yhovany Gallego
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Gil-Villar
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Mauri
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Montalà
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Cristina Pereira
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Coral Torres-Querol
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Daniel Vazquez-Justes
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suwanwela NC, Chutinet A, Autjimanon H, Ounahachok T, Decha-umphai C, Chockchai S, Indrabhakti S, Kijpaisalratana N, Akarathanawat W, Travanichakul S, Kitjavijitre T, Vongvasinkul P, Kanacharoen I, Bunlikitkul TO, Charnwut S, Lowres N, Freedman B. Atrial fibrillation prevalence and risk profile from novel community-based screening in Thailand: A prospective multi-centre study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 32:100709. [PMID: 33490362 PMCID: PMC7811109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Thailand, almost one-quarter of strokes are related to atrial fibrillation (AF), and many could be prevented if AF were diagnosed and treated prior to the stroke. Therefore, we tested a novel strategy to screen large numbers of community residents using village health volunteers and primary care nurses. METHODS Local primary care nurses and village health volunteers in Phetchaburi and Lopburi provinces, Thailand were trained to perform AF screening using a blood pressure device with AF algorithm (Microlife A200 AFib). 10% of residents aged ≥ 65 years were randomly selected for screening during home-visits. Participants with possible AF were given follow-up appointments for further testing, including 12-lead ECG and echocardiogram. RESULTS Over two-months, 9.7% (13,864/143,478) of the target population were screened: mean age 73.2 ± 6.4 years, 32.4% male. The estimated AF prevalence (detected by Microlife A200 AFib) was 2.8% (95% CI, 2.6-3.1%) for age ≥ 65 years (i.e. 393/13,864 participants). Prevalence increased with age from 1.9% (65-69 years) to 5.0% (≥85 years) (p < 0.001). Only 58% (226/393) of participants with suspected AF attended the follow-up appointment (1-3 months after initial screen): mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.2 ± 1.2; 86.3% (195/226) had Class-1 oral anticoagulation recommendation, and 33% (75/226) had AF on 12-lead ECG. CONCLUSIONS In Thailand, large-scale AF screening in the community is feasible using trained volunteer health workers, allowing screening of large numbers in a short time-period. Further investigation of this strategy is warranted, ensuring mechanisms to obtain a timely rhythm strip or 12-lead ECG locally, and a designated pathway to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nijasri C. Suwanwela
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aurauma Chutinet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tanawat Ounahachok
- Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Naruchorn Kijpaisalratana
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasan Akarathanawat
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suporn Travanichakul
- Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeraparp Kitjavijitre
- Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pakkawan Vongvasinkul
- Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tanyaluk O. Bunlikitkul
- Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supparat Charnwut
- Chulalongkorn Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicole Lowres
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben Freedman
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Welton NJ, McAleenan A, Thom HHZ, Davies P, Hollingworth W, Higgins JPT, Okoli G, Sterne JAC, Feder G, Eaton D, Hingorani A, Fawsitt C, Lobban T, Bryden P, Richards A, Sofat R. Screening strategies for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2017. [DOI: 10.3310/hta21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Anticoagulation therapy to prevent AF-related stroke has been shown to be cost-effective. A national screening programme for AF may prevent AF-related events, but would involve a substantial investment of NHS resources.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of screening tests for AF, update a systematic review of comparative studies evaluating screening strategies for AF, develop an economic model to compare the cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies and review observational studies of AF screening to provide inputs to the model.DesignSystematic review, meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsAdults.InterventionScreening strategies, defined by screening test, age at initial and final screens, screening interval and format of screening {systematic opportunistic screening [individuals offered screening if they consult with their general practitioner (GP)] or systematic population screening (when all eligible individuals are invited to screening)}.Main outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratios; the odds ratio of detecting new AF cases compared with no screening; and the mean incremental net benefit compared with no screening.Review methodsTwo reviewers screened the search results, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A DTA meta-analysis was perfomed, and a decision tree and Markov model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the screening strategies.ResultsDiagnostic test accuracy depended on the screening test and how it was interpreted. In general, the screening tests identified in our review had high sensitivity (> 0.9). Systematic population and systematic opportunistic screening strategies were found to be similarly effective, with an estimated 170 individuals needed to be screened to detect one additional AF case compared with no screening. Systematic opportunistic screening was more likely to be cost-effective than systematic population screening, as long as the uptake of opportunistic screening observed in randomised controlled trials translates to practice. Modified blood pressure monitors, photoplethysmography or nurse pulse palpation were more likely to be cost-effective than other screening tests. A screening strategy with an initial screening age of 65 years and repeated screens every 5 years until age 80 years was likely to be cost-effective, provided that compliance with treatment does not decline with increasing age.ConclusionsA national screening programme for AF is likely to represent a cost-effective use of resources. Systematic opportunistic screening is more likely to be cost-effective than systematic population screening. Nurse pulse palpation or modified blood pressure monitors would be appropriate screening tests, with confirmation by diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiography interpreted by a trained GP, with referral to a specialist in the case of an unclear diagnosis. Implementation strategies to operationalise uptake of systematic opportunistic screening in primary care should accompany any screening recommendations.LimitationsMany inputs for the economic model relied on a single trial [the Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly (SAFE) study] and DTA results were based on a few studies at high risk of bias/of low applicability.Future workComparative studies measuring long-term outcomes of screening strategies and DTA studies for new, emerging technologies and to replicate the results for photoplethysmography and GP interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiography in a screening population.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42014013739.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky J Welton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexandra McAleenan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Howard HZ Thom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philippa Davies
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Will Hollingworth
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian PT Higgins
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Okoli
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan AC Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gene Feder
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Aroon Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Fawsitt
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Trudie Lobban
- Atrial Fibrillation Association, Shipston on Stour, UK
- Arrythmia Alliance, Shipston on Stour, UK
| | - Peter Bryden
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Richards
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang SC, Huang PW, Hung CS, Shan SM, Lin YH, Shieh JS, Lai DM, Wu AY, Jeng JS. Identification of Atrial Fibrillation by Quantitative Analyses of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45644. [PMID: 28367965 PMCID: PMC5377330 DOI: 10.1038/srep45644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection is crucial for stroke prevention. We investigated the potential of quantitative analyses of photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms to identify AF. Continuous electrocardiogram (EKG) and fingertip PPG were recorded simultaneously in acute stroke patients (n = 666) admitted to an intensive care unit. Each EKG was visually labeled as AF (n = 150, 22.5%) or non-AF. Linear and nonlinear features from the pulse interval (PIN) and peak amplitude (AMP) of PPG waveforms were extracted from the first 1, 2, and 10 min of data. Logistic regression analysis revealed six independent PPG features feasibly identifying AF rhythm, including three PIN-related (mean, mean of standard deviation, and sample entropy), and three AMP-related features (mean of the root mean square of the successive differences, sample entropy, and turning point ratio) (all p < 0.01). The performance of the PPG analytic program comprising all 6 features that were extracted from the 2-min data was better than that from the 1-min data (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.972 (95% confidence interval 0.951–0.989) vs. 0.949 (0.929–0.970), p < 0.001 and was comparable to that from the 10-min data [0.973 (0.953–0.993)] for AF identification. In summary, our study established the optimal PPG analytic program in reliably identifying AF rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chun Tang
- Stroke center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,NTU-NTUH-MediaTek Innovative Medical Electronics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Huang
- NTU-NTUH-MediaTek Innovative Medical Electronics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Shan
- NTU-NTUH-MediaTek Innovative Medical Electronics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- NTU-NTUH-MediaTek Innovative Medical Electronics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ming Lai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Yeu Wu
- NTU-NTUH-MediaTek Innovative Medical Electronics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Jeng
- Stroke center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Optimal Duration of Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Nonsystematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5704963. [PMID: 27314027 PMCID: PMC4903126 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5704963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmias and an independent risk factor for stroke. Despite major advances in monitoring strategies, clinicians tend to miss the diagnoses of AF and especially paroxysmal AF due mainly to its asymptomatic presentation and the rather limited duration dedicated for monitoring for AF after a stroke, which is 24 hours as per the current recommended guidelines. Hence, determining the optimal duration of monitoring for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after acute ischemic stroke remains a matter of debate. Multiple trials were published in regard to this matter using both invasive and noninvasive monitoring strategies for different monitoring periods. The data provided by these trials showcase strong evidence suggesting a longer monitoring strategy beyond 24 hours is associated with higher detection rates of AF, with the higher percentage of patients detected consequently receiving proper secondary stroke prevention with anticoagulation and thus justifying the cost-effectiveness of such measures. Overall, we thus conclude that increasing the monitoring duration for AF after a cryptogenic stroke to at least 72 hours will indeed enhance the detection rates, but the cost-effectiveness of this monitoring strategy compared to longer monitoring durations is yet to be established.
Collapse
|
9
|
Andrade JG, Field T, Khairy P. Detection of occult atrial fibrillation in patients with embolic stroke of uncertain source: a work in progress. Front Physiol 2015; 6:100. [PMID: 25883570 PMCID: PMC4381503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation accounts for a substantial proportion of ischemic strokes of known etiology and may be responsible for an additional subset of the 25–40% of strokes of unknown cause (so-called cryptogenic). Oral anticoagulation is significantly more effective than antiplatelet therapy in the secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation-related strokes, providing justification for developing more sensitive approaches to detecting occult paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the value of in-hospital and out-patient monitoring for detecting atrial fibrillation in the context of cryptogenic stroke. We review the evidence for and against screening with standard Holter monitors, external loop recorders, the newer real-time continuous attended cardiac monitoring systems, cardiac implantable electronic devices, and insertable loop recorders. We review key questions regarding prolonged cardiac arrhythmia monitoring, including the relationship between duration of the atrial fibrillation episode and risk of thromboembolism, frequency of monitoring and its impact on the diagnostic yield in detecting occult or subclinical atrial fibrillation, and the temporal proximity of device-detected atrial fibrillation to stroke events. We conclude by proposing avenues for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Andrade
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia Field
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kongbunkiat K, Kasemsap N, Travanichakul S, Thepsuthammarat K, Tiamkao S, Sawanyawisuth K. Hospital mortality from atrial fibrillation associated with ischemic stroke: a national data report. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:924-8. [PMID: 25387068 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.986266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study factors associated with poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by using a national database. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a retrospective analytical study by retrieving data from the Thailand national database system for universal coverage (UC) health insurance system. All adult patients aged over 18 years who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke during the fiscal years 2004-2012 by the appropriate ICD codes were searched. Eligible patients with AF were categorized as alive or dead during hospital stay. The mortality rate and factors associated with in-hospital mortality were studied. RESULTS There were 522,699 patients diagnosed as acute stroke; 277,291 patients (53.1%) had acute ischemic stroke. Of those with ischemic stroke, 25,319 patients (9.1%) had AF. The mortality rates of acute ischemic stroke with AF were 14.1% and without AF were 6.2%, (p < 0.001). Significant factors associated with mortality in acute stroke patients with AF by multivariate logistic regression were female gender (adjusted odds ratio; AOR 1.28), co-morbid diseases such as diabetes (AOR 1.28), hypertension (AOR 1.26), rt-PA treatment (AOR 0.55), and stroke complications, such as pneumonia (AOR 2.60), septicemia (AOR 6.50), or gastrointestinal bleeding (AOR 2.16). CONCLUSIONS At the national level, AF caused a higher mortality rate in acute ischemic stroke than in non-AF patients. Gender, co-morbid diseases, rt-PA treatment, and stroke complications were associated with mortality in acute ischemic stroke with AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Kongbunkiat
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,c North-eastern Stroke Research Group, Khon Kaen University
| | - Narongrit Kasemsap
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,c North-eastern Stroke Research Group, Khon Kaen University
| | - Suporn Travanichakul
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,c North-eastern Stroke Research Group, Khon Kaen University
| | - Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat
- b Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Somsak Tiamkao
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,c North-eastern Stroke Research Group, Khon Kaen University
| | - Kittisak Sawanyawisuth
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,d Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|