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Kosik K, Szpecht D, Karbowski Ł, Al-Saad SR, Chmielarz-Czarnocińska A, Minta M, Sowińska A, Strauss E. Hemangioma-related gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1589-1594. [PMID: 36656337 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between four single nucleotide polymorphisms of hemangioma-linked genes encoding for anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1 G976A), R kinase insert domain receptor (KDR T1444C), adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB C79CG), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R G3174A) and the occurrence of IVH in a population of preterm infants. METHODS The study includes a population of 105 infants born from 24 + 0 to 32 + 0 weeks of gestation and hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology (III level hospital) of Poznan University of Medical Science. Intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed with the use of cranial ultrasound. The classification of intraventricular bleeding was based on the Papile IVH classification. RESULTS The incidence of IVH was higher in infants with lower birth weight, lower APGAR scores, and low birth weight. The study revealed that IVH was approximately two times less likely to occur in infants with the allele G of IGF-1R 3174G > A. CONCLUSION Identifying susceptible premature infants through genetic analysis could be a potential way to alleviate severe IVH and its subsequent consequences. Further research examining a wider range of relevant gene polymorphisms could help highlight any genetic patterns in this deleterious bleeding complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosik
- Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Street 60-535, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dawid Szpecht
- Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Street 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Marcin Minta
- Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 Street 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Sowińska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Strauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Inoue T, Nishikubo T, Hirano S, Kamamoto T, Takahashi Y, Kusuda S. Risk factor analyses for intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15599. [PMID: 37551656 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants can experience severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) that can lead to life-long disability by impairing neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to identify the risk and protective factors for severe IVH in VLBW infants. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional review of VLBW infants born at 22-28 weeks' gestation between January 2003 and December 2012 and listed in the Database of Neonatal Research Network in Japan was performed using a statistical model incorporating an odds ratio (OR) and medical center variation as a center variance ratio (CVR). A two-dimensional analysis using a combination of OR and the CVR described evolving measures of a clinical trial (for OR > 1) and standardization (for CVR > 1) concerning a factor of interest. RESULTS The noteworthy significant protective factors were antenatal steroids (ANS) with and without premature rupture of membrane (OR: 0.43, CVR: 1.08, and OR: 0.68, CVR: 1.14, respectively) and the number of neonatal beds (OR: 0.94, CVR: 0.99) and staff nurses per neonatal bed (OR: 0.89, CVR: 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Active promotion of ANS administration and consolidation of perinatal medical centers can mitigate the development of severe IVH in VLBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inoue
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishikubo
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirano
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamamoto
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kusuda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
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Zhao Y, Zhang W, Tian X. Analysis of risk factors of early intraventricular hemorrhage in very-low-birth-weight premature infants: a single center retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:890. [PMID: 36456995 PMCID: PMC9713978 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the risk factors of early intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) premature infants in China to guide early interventions and improve the survival and quality of life of these infants. METHODS Data on 421 VLBW premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics between July 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Data on head ultrasound results, maternal pregnancy complications, and perinatal conditions were reviewed to evaluate the association between maternal and neonatal factors and the development and severity of IVH. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of early IVH was significantly higher in neonates with early gestational age, delivered after spontaneous labor, low birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score ≤ 7, invasive mechanical ventilation, and early onset sepsis (χ2 = 11.087, 16.868, 4.779, 11.170, 6.655, and 6.260, respectively; P < 0.05), but it was significantly lower in the presence of gestational hypertension (χ2 = 4.373, P = 0.037). In addition, severe IVH was significantly associated with early gestational age, low birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score ≤ 7, and neonatal sepsis (χ2 = 11.599, 8.263, 11.172, and 7.749, respectively; P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that antenatal glucocorticoid use was associated with significantly reduced incidence of severe IVH (OR = 0.095, 95% CI = 0.012-0.739, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Appropriate mode of delivery may effectively reduce the incidence of IVH in VLBW premature infants. The antenatal glucocorticoid use may also protect against severe IVH. The focus on steroid prophylaxis, mode of delivery and prevention of perinatal asphyxia should be stressed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Department of Neonatology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Maternity Hospital, No.156, Sanlu Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Wanxian Zhang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Department of Neonatology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Maternity Hospital, No.156, Sanlu Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Xiuying Tian
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Department of Neonatology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Maternity Hospital, No.156, Sanlu Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, 300052 China
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4
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Christensen R, Krishnan P, deVeber G, Dlamini N, MacGregor D, Pulcine E, Moharir M. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Preterm Infants. Stroke 2022; 53:2241-2248. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Neonatal cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can lead to brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairments. Previous studies of neonatal CVST have focused on term infants, and studies of preterm infants are lacking. In this study, we examined the clinical and radiological features, treatment and outcome of CVST in preterm infants.
METHODS:
This was a retrospective, consecutive cohort study of preterm infants (gestational age <37 weeks) with radiologically confirmed CVST. All magnetic resonance imaging/MRV and CT/CTV scans were re-reviewed to study thrombus characteristics and pattern of brain injury. Outcome was assessed by the validated pediatric stroke outcome measure at the most recent clinic visit.
RESULTS:
Twenty-six preterm infants with CVST were studied. Of these, 65% were moderate-late preterm (32–37 weeks), 27% very preterm (28–32 weeks), and 8% extreme preterm (<28 weeks). Most (73%) were symptomatic at presentation with seizures or abnormal exam. Transverse (85%) and superior sagittal (42%) sinuses were common sites of thrombosis. Parenchymal brain injury was predominantly periventricular (35%) and deep white matter (31%) in location. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 46%. Most infants (69%) were treated with anticoagulation. No treated infant (including eleven with pretreatment hemorrhage) had new or worsening post-treatment hemorrhage. Outcomes ranged from no deficits (50%), mild-moderate (25%), and severe (25%) impairment.
CONCLUSIONS:
In our sample of preterm infants with CVST, more than one-quarter were asymptomatic. White matter brain lesions predominated and one-half had neurological deficits at follow-up. Anticoagulation of preterm CVST in this small cohort appeared to be safe. Larger studies of preterm CVST are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhandi Christensen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (R.C., G.d., N.D., D.M., E.P., M.M.)
| | - Pradeep Krishnan
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (P.K.)
| | - Gabrielle deVeber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (R.C., G.d., N.D., D.M., E.P., M.M.)
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute‚ Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (G.d.)
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (R.C., G.d., N.D., D.M., E.P., M.M.)
| | - Daune MacGregor
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (R.C., G.d., N.D., D.M., E.P., M.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Pulcine
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (R.C., G.d., N.D., D.M., E.P., M.M.)
| | - Mahendranath Moharir
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto‚ Ontario‚ Canada (R.C., G.d., N.D., D.M., E.P., M.M.)
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Su J, Chang J, Zhang X, Yang H. Analysis of social factors and prognosis of premature rupture of membranes. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:486-488. [PMID: 35142457 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Hospital Office, Wuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhai, China
| | - Junmei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhai, China -
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhai, China
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Çaksen H, Köseoğlu FT, Güven AS, Altunhan H, İyisoy MS, Açıkgözoğlu S. Risk and Prognostic Factors in Perinatal Hemorrhagic Stroke. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:227-233. [PMID: 34220067 PMCID: PMC8232468 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_580_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perinatal stroke encompasses a heterogeneous group of focal neurological injuries early in brain development. In this study, we aimed to compare risk and prognostic factors in preterm and term infants with perinatal hemorrhagic stroke (PHS). Patients and Methods: The study includes 66 infants with PHS. The infants were evaluated for demographic characteristics, fetal and maternal risk factors, perinatal events, clinical and neuroimaging findings, complications, and sequales. Results: Of 66 infants with PHS, 44 (66.70%) were preterm and 22 (33.30%) were term infants. Primiparity, mucosal bleeding, and multiple lobes involvement were more common in term infants than preterm infants (P < 0.05); however, respiratory insufficiency, neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization were more common in preterm infants than term infants (P < 0.05). Eight (12.12%) infants died during infancy period. Small for gestational age and mucosal bleeding were more common in infants who are dead than those alive (P < 0.05). Forty-two (63.63%) infants were followed. Cerebral palsy and/or epilepsy and/or hydrocephalus were diagnosed in 36 (85.72%) infants during follow-up. Conclusion: Our findings showed that PHS was much more common in preterm infants. Mucosal bleeding and multiple lobes involvement were more common in term infants. PHS has high morbidity and mortality rates. Small for gestational age and mucosal bleeding were more common in infants who are dead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Çaksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tuba Köseoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sami Güven
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Altunhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan İyisoy
- Department of Medical Education, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Saim Açıkgözoğlu
- Department of Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey
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7
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Cao W, Luo C, Lei M, Shen M, Ding W, Wang M, Song M, Ge J, Zhang Q. Development and Validation of a Dynamic Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Neonatal White Matter Damage. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:584236. [PMID: 33708079 PMCID: PMC7940363 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.584236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose White matter damage (WMD) was defined as the appearance of rough and uneven echo enhancement in the white matter around the ventricle. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for neonatal WMD. Materials and Methods We collected data for 1,733 infants hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2020. Infants were randomly assigned to training (n = 1,216) or validation (n = 517) cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to establish a risk prediction model and web-based risk calculator based on the training cohort data. The predictive accuracy of the model was verified in the validation cohort. Results We identified four variables as independent risk factors for brain WMD in neonates by multivariate logistic regression and LASSO analysis, including gestational age, fetal distress, prelabor rupture of membranes, and use of corticosteroids. These were used to establish a risk prediction nomogram and web-based calculator (https://caowenjun.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/). The C-index of the training and validation sets was 0.898 (95% confidence interval: 0.8745-0.9215) and 0.887 (95% confidence interval: 0.8478-0.9262), respectively. Decision tree analysis showed that the model was highly effective in the threshold range of 1-61%. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 82.5 and 81.7%, respectively, and the cutoff value was 0.099. Conclusion This is the first study describing the use of a nomogram and web-based calculator to predict the risk of WMD in neonates. The web-based calculator increases the applicability of the predictive model and is a convenient tool for doctors at primary hospitals and outpatient clinics, family doctors, and even parents to identify high-risk births early on and implementing appropriate interventions while avoiding excessive treatment of low-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Cao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenghan Luo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Lei
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Shen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Ding
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Song
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Ge
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
There is an association between vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). In PPROM, reduced Lactobacillus spp abundance is linked to the emergence of high-risk vaginal microbiota, close to the time of membrane rupture. Although PPROM itself can change vaginal microbial composition, antibiotic therapy profoundly effects community structure. Erythromycin may have a beneficial effect in women deplete in Lactobacillus spp but damages a healthy microbiome by targeting Lactobacillus spp. Increased rates of chorioamnionitis and early-onset neonatal sepsis are associated with vaginal microbiota dysbiosis close to the time of delivery.
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Sokou R, Piovani D, Konstantinidi A, Tsantes AG, Parastatidou S, Lampridou M, Ioakeimidis G, Gounaris A, Iacovidou N, Kriebardis AG, Politou M, Kopterides P, Bonovas S, Tsantes AE. Reply to Ghirardello et al Letter to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:1119-1120. [PMID: 33296941 DOI: 10.1055/a-1333-7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Agios Panteleimon" General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andreas G Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Parastatidou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Agios Panteleimon" General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Maria Lampridou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Agios Panteleimon" General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Georgios Ioakeimidis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Agios Panteleimon" General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Antonis Gounaris
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Neonatal Department, Aretaeio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health and Caring Science, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Marianna Politou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Kopterides
- Intensive Care Unit, Excela Health Westmoreland Hospital, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Argirios E Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a major complication of prematurity and inversely associated with gestational age and birth weight. The hemorrhage originates from the germinal matrix with an immature capillary bed where vascularization is intense and active cell proliferation is high. It occurs in around 20% of very low-birth-weight preterm neonates. Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage is less common in females, the black race, and with antenatal steroid use, but is more common in the presence of mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress, pulmonary bleeding, pneumothorax, chorioamnionitis, asphyxia, and sepsis. Ultrasonography is the diagnostic tool of choice for intraventricular hemorrhage and its complications. Approximately 25-50% of the germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage cases are asymptomatic and diagnosed during routine screening. These cases are usually patients with low-grade hemorrhage. Neurologic findings are prominent in severe intraventricular hemorrhage cases. The major complications of the germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies are periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, periventricular leukomalacia, and cerebellar hemorrhage. It is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. The management of hemodynamics and ventilation of patients, appropriate follow-up, and early diagnosis and treatment can minimize morbidity. Prognosis in intraventricular hemorrhage is related to the severity of bleeding, parenchymal damage, and the presence of seizures and shunt surgery. The main determinant of prognosis is periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and its severity. Moderate-severe intraventricular hemorrhage can cause posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and mental retardation. Even mild germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage can result in developmental disorders. Long-term problems such as neurodevelopmental disorders and cerebral palsy are as important as short-term problems. Improving the quality of life of these babies should be aimed through appropriate treatment and follow-up. In this review, intraventricular hemorrhage and complications are discussed.
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Parodi A, De Angelis LC, Re M, Raffa S, Malova M, Rossi A, Severino M, Tortora D, Morana G, Calevo MG, Brisigotti MP, Buffelli F, Fulcheri E, Ramenghi LA. Placental Pathology Findings and the Risk of Intraventricular and Cerebellar Hemorrhage in Preterm Neonates. Front Neurol 2020; 11:761. [PMID: 32922347 PMCID: PMC7456995 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental pathology as a predisposing factor to intraventricular hemorrhage remains a matter of debate, and its contribution to cerebellar hemorrhage development is still largely unexplored. Our study aimed to assess placental and perinatal risk factors for intraventricular and cerebellar hemorrhages in preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study included very low-birth weight infants born at the Gaslini Children's Hospital between January 2012 and October 2016 who underwent brain magnetic resonance with susceptibility-weighted imaging at term-equivalent age and whose placenta was analyzed according to the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement. Of the 286 neonates included, 68 (23.8%) had intraventricular hemorrhage (all grades) and 48 (16.8%) had a cerebellar hemorrhage (all grades). After correction for gestational age, chorioamnionitis involving the maternal side of the placenta was found to be an independent risk factor for developing intraventricular hemorrhage, whereas there was no association between maternal and fetal inflammatory response and cerebellar hemorrhage. Among perinatal factors, we found that intraventricular hemorrhage was significantly associated with cerebellar hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR], 8.14), mechanical ventilation within the first 72 h (OR, 2.67), and patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment (OR, 2.6), whereas cesarean section emerged as a protective factor (OR, 0.26). Inotropic support within 72 h after birth (OR, 5.24) and intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 6.38) were independent risk factors for cerebellar hemorrhage, whereas higher gestational age was a protective factor (OR, 0.76). Assessing placental pathology may help in understanding mechanisms leading to intraventricular hemorrhage, although its possible role in predicting cerebellar bleeding needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parodi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Costanza De Angelis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Re
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sarah Raffa
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariya Malova
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Calevo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Brisigotti
- Gynaecologic and Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Centre, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Buffelli
- Gynaecologic and Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Centre, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ezio Fulcheri
- Gynaecologic and Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Centre, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonio Ramenghi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Bayar E, Bennett PR, Chan D, Sykes L, MacIntyre DA. The pregnancy microbiome and preterm birth. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:487-499. [PMID: 32797272 PMCID: PMC7508933 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global health concern and continues to contribute to substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care. The underlying aetiology is multi-factorial and remains incompletely understood. In this review, the complex interplay between the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy and its association with preterm birth is discussed in depth. Advances in the study of bacteriology and an improved understanding of the human microbiome have seen an improved awareness of the vaginal microbiota in both health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Bayar
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
- March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Denise Chan
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Lynne Sykes
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
- March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
- March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Placenta and perinatal brain injury: the gateway to individualized therapeutics and precision neonatal medicine. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:807-808. [PMID: 32059230 PMCID: PMC10097459 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wu and colleagues analyzed the placental pathology from a subset of the neonates in the NEATO trial who had reports available and correlated the placental pathology findings with outcomes. This study highlights the importance of placental pathology, and its potential to bring precision medicine to critically-ill neonates. Placental pathology will likely aid stratification of neonates for clinical trials and accelerate progress for neurorepair.
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14
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Lactobacillus iners Is Associated with Vaginal Dysbiosis in Healthy Pregnant Women: A Preliminary Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6079734. [PMID: 31781627 PMCID: PMC6855029 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6079734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal dysbiosis has been identified to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery and premature rupture of membranes. However, the overall structure and composition of vaginal microbiota in different trimesters of the pregnant women has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the physiological changes of the vaginal microbiota in healthy pregnant women were investigated. A total of 83 healthy pregnant participants were enrolled, who are in the first, second, or third pregnancy trimester. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to explore the abundant bacteria in the vaginal microbiota. No significant difference in the abundance of Gardnerella, Atopobium, Megasphaera, Eggerthella, Leptotrichia/Sneathia, or Prevotella was found among different trimesters, except Lactobacillus. Compared with the first pregnancy trimester, the abundance of L. iners decreased in the second and third trimester while the abundance of L. crispatus was increased in the second trimester. Moreover, we also found that vaginal cleanliness is correlated with the present of Lactobacillus, Atopobium, and Prevotella and leukocyte esterase is associated with Lactobacillus, Atopobium, Gardnerella, Eggerthella, Leptotrichia/Sneathia, and Prevotella. For those whose vaginal cleanliness raised or leukocyte esterase became positive, the richness of L. iners increased, while that of L. crispatus decreased significantly. Our present data indicated that the altered vaginal microbiota, mainly Lactobacillus, could be observed among different trimesters of pregnancy and L. iners could be considered as a potential bacterial marker for evaluating vaginal cleanliness and leukocyte esterase.
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Ryan M, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Mohammad K. Neuroprotection from acute brain injury in preterm infants. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:276-290. [PMID: 31239818 PMCID: PMC6587421 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants born at ≤32+6 weeks gestation are at higher risk for intracranial ischemic and hemorrhagic injuries, which often occur in the first 72 hours postbirth. Antenatal strategies to reduce the incidence of acute brain injuries include administering maternal corticosteroids and prompt antibiotic treatment for chorioamnionitis. Perinatal strategies include delivery within a tertiary centre, delayed cord clamping, and preventing hypothermia. Postnatal strategies include empiric treatment with antibiotics when chorioamnionitis is suspected, the cautious use of inotropes, the avoidance of blood PCO2 fluctuation, and neutral head positioning. Clinicians should be aware of the policies and procedures that, especially when combined, can provide neuroprotection for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ryan
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario
| | | | - Khorshid Mohammad
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario
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Ryan M, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Mohammad K. La neuroprotection contre les lésions cérébrales aiguës chez les nouveau-nés prématurés. Paediatr Child Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ryan
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité d’étude du fœtus et du nouveau-né, Ottawa (Ontario)
| | | | - Khorshid Mohammad
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité d’étude du fœtus et du nouveau-né, Ottawa (Ontario)
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Najib K, Hashemi Z, Moghtaderi M, Pishdad P, Pishva N, Najib F. Lack of relationship between cord blood erythropoietin and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates: a controversial result. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:277-282. [PMID: 29978251 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) as well as the role of cord blood erythropoietin (EPO) level in predicting the possibility of IVH in premature neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 140 preterm neonates born at hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from May 2014 to April 2015. Complete blood count and cord blood EPO level was measured after birth. Brain ultrasonography was performed at 3 and 7-10 days after birth in these newborns. RESULTS Brain ultrasonography showed IVH in 8.57% (12/140) until the third day and 20% (28/140) at 7-10 days of life in premature neonates. Early gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score, and failure to give prenatal steroid were significant risk factors for developing IVH. The mean level of cord blood EPO was 20.95 ± 21.09 mIU/mL in premature newborns without IVH and 15.82 ± 17.11 mIU/mL with IVH. There was no correlation between the cord blood EPO and IVH in premature newborns. CONCLUSION Antenatal steroids therapy should be encouraged among women at risk of premature delivery. Our results showed that the cord blood EPO was not correlated with IVH in preterm neonates and further research is required to assess this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijehsadat Najib
- Neonatal Research Center, Pediatric Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hashemi
- Neonatal Research Center, Pediatric Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moghtaderi
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand St., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran.
| | - Parisa Pishdad
- Radiologic Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narjes Pishva
- Neonatal Research Center, Pediatric Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Najib
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Avorgbedor F, Silva S, Merwin E, Blumenthal JA, Holditch-Davis D. Health, Physical Growth, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants of Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2019; 48:69-77. [PMID: 30502314 PMCID: PMC6321773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the health, physical growth, and developmental outcomes in preterm infants of women with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of health outcomes; physical growth (head circumference, height, and weight) collected at birth and 2 months, corrected for prematurity; and cognitive, language, and motor skills of preterm infants of women with and without HDP. SETTING Four NICUs in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Women (n = 221) and their preterm infants who weighed less than 1,750 g were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized trial of two interventions administered by each infant's mother when the infant was no longer critically ill. METHODS Women and their preterm infants were categorized into groups with (n = 80) and without (control, n = 141) HDP. Data were extracted from infants' medical records, and the women completed questionnaires. RESULTS The infants of women with HDP were more likely to be small for gestational age than the infants of women without HDP (31.7% vs. 10.6%, p < .002). The proportion of infants with greater neurologic risk, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and days on a ventilator did not differ between the groups. Although mean infant height at 2 months was less in the HDP group than the control group, other growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION Among preterm infants admitted to NICUs, those born to women with HDP were more likely to be small for gestational age than those born to normotensive women. Additional research is needed to optimize care for infants born to women with HDP.
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MESH Headings
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Hypertension/complications
- Hypertension/diagnosis
- Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/diagnosis
- Infant Health/statistics & numerical data
- Infant, Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature/growth & development
- Infant, Premature/physiology
- Infant, Premature/psychology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis
- Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology
- United States/epidemiology
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19
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Leijser LM, de Vries LS. Preterm brain injury: Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage and post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 162:173-199. [PMID: 31324310 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64029-1.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhages (GMH-IVH) remain a common and clinically significant problem in preterm infants, particularly extremely preterm infants. A large GMH-IVH is often complicated by posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD) or parenchymal hemorrhagic infarction and is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurologic sequelae. The widespread use of cranial ultrasonography since the early 1980s has shown a gradual decrease in the incidence of GMH-IVH and has helped with the identification of antenatal and perinatal risk factors and timing of the lesion. The increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed to more detailed visualization of the site and extent of the GMH-IVH. In addition, MRI has contributed to the awareness of associated white matter changes as well as associated cerebellar hemorrhages. Although GMH-IVH and PHVD still cannot be prevented, cerebrospinal fluid drainage initiated in the early stage of PHVD development seems to be associated with a better neurodevelopmental outcome. Further studies are underway to improve treatment strategies for PHVD and to potentially prevent and repair GMH-IVH and PHVD and associated brain injury. This chapter discusses the pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors, and management, including preventive measures, of GHM-IVH and PHVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Leijser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda S de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Robinson S, Conteh FS, Oppong AY, Yellowhair TR, Newville JC, Demerdash NE, Shrock CL, Maxwell JR, Jett S, Northington FJ, Jantzie LL. Extended Combined Neonatal Treatment With Erythropoietin Plus Melatonin Prevents Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:322. [PMID: 30319361 PMCID: PMC6167494 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) remains a global challenge. Early preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation), particularly those exposed to chorioamnionitis (CAM), are prone to intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and PHHP. We established an age-appropriate, preclinical model of PHHP with progressive macrocephaly and ventriculomegaly to test whether non-surgical neonatal treatment could modulate PHHP. We combined prenatal CAM and postnatal day 1 (P1, equivalent to 30 weeks human gestation) IVH in rats, and administered systemic erythropoietin (EPO) plus melatonin (MLT), or vehicle, from P2 to P10. CAM-IVH rats developed progressive macrocephaly through P21. Macrocephaly was accompanied by ventriculomegaly at P5 (histology), and P21 (ex vivo MRI). CAM-IVH rats showed impaired performance of cliff aversion, a neonatal neurodevelopmental test. Neonatal EPO+MLT treatment prevented macrocephaly and cliff aversion impairment, and significantly reduced ventriculomegaly. EPO+MLT treatment prevented matted or missing ependymal motile cilia observed in vehicle-treated CAM-IVH rats. EPO+MLT treatment also normalized ependymal yes-associated protein (YAP) mRNA levels, and reduced ependymal GFAP-immunolabeling. Vehicle-treated CAM-IVH rats exhibited loss of microstructural integrity on diffusion tensor imaging, which was normalized in EPO+MLT-treated CAM-IVH rats. In summary, combined prenatal systemic inflammation plus early postnatal IVH caused progressive macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly and delayed development of cliff aversion reminiscent of PHHP. Neonatal systemic EPO+MLT treatment prevented multiple hallmarks of PHHP, consistent with a clinically viable, non-surgical treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fatu S Conteh
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akosua Y Oppong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tracylyn R Yellowhair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessie C Newville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christine L Shrock
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Stephen Jett
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Frances J Northington
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Fideler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Grasshoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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Villamor-Martinez E, Fumagalli M, Mohammed Rahim O, Passera S, Cavallaro G, Degraeuwe P, Mosca F, Villamor E. Chorioamnionitis Is a Risk Factor for Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1253. [PMID: 30271352 PMCID: PMC6142185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chorioamnionitis (CA) is a well-known risk factor for white matter disease of prematurity, the association with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is controversial and has not been yet systematically reviewed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring the association between CA and IVH. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE, from their inception to 1 July 2017. Studies were included if they examined preterm infants and reported primary data that could be used to measure the association between exposure to CA and the presence of IVH. A random-effects model was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found 1,284 potentially relevant studies, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria (46,244 infants, 13,432 CA cases). Meta-analysis showed that CA exposure was significantly associated with all grades IVH (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.61-2.19), with grades 1-2 IVH (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.34), and with grades 3-4 IVH (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.42-1.85). Both clinical and histological CA were associated with an increased risk for developing IVH in very preterm infants. In contrast, the presence of funisitis did not increase IVH risk when compared to CA in the absence of funisitis (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.89-1.67). Further meta-analyses confirmed earlier findings that CA-exposed infants have significantly lower gestational age (GA; mean difference [MD] -1.20 weeks) and lower birth weight (BW; MD -55 g) than the infants not exposed to CA. However, meta-regression and subgroup analysis could not demonstrate an association between the lower GA and BW and the risk of IVH in the CA-exposed infants. In conclusion, our data show that CA is a risk factor for IVH, but also a risk factor for greater prematurity and more clinical instability. In contrast to other complications of prematurity, such as patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the effect of CA on IVH appears to be independent of CA as causative factor for very preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Villamor-Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Owais Mohammed Rahim
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Passera
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pieter Degraeuwe
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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23
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Maternal body mass index and risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:1146-1151. [PMID: 29624572 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2018.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and pre-pregnancy obesity and underweight have been linked to inflammatory states. We hypothesize that IVH in preterm infants is associated with pre-pregnancy obesity and underweight due to an inflammatory intrauterine environment.MethodsPopulation-based study of infants born between 22 and 32 weeks' gestation from 2007 to 2011. Data were extracted from vital statistics and the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative. Results were examined for all cases (any IVH) and for severe IVH.ResultsAmong 20,927 infants, 4,818 (23%) had any IVH and 1,514 (7%) had severe IVH. After adjustment for confounders, there was an increased risk of IVH associated with pre-pregnancy obesity, relative risk 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06, 1.32) for any IVH, and 1.25 (85% CI 1.10, 1.42) for severe IVH. The direct effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on any IVH was significant (P<0.001) after controlling for antenatal inflammation-related conditions, but was not significant after controlling for gestational age (P=0.56).ConclusionPre-pregnancy obesity was found to be a risk factor for IVH in preterm infants; however, this relationship appeared to be largely mediated through the effect of BMI on gestational age at delivery. The etiology of IVH is complex and it is important to understand the contributing maternal factors.
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24
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Musilova I, Andrys C, Drahosova M, Zednikova B, Hornychova H, Pliskova L, Zemlickova H, Jacobsson B, Kacerovsky M. Late preterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes: fetal inflammatory response and neonatal outcome. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:630-637. [PMID: 29186106 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundTo characterize the influence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) on the intensity of the fetal inflammatory response and the association between the presence of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) and short-term neonatal morbidity in the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) between the gestational ages of 34 and 37 weeks.MethodsOne hundred and fifty-nine women were included in the study. The umbilical cord blood interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. FIRS was defined based on the umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentration and the presence of funisitis and/or chorionic plate vasculitis.ResultsWomen with both MIAC and IAI had the highest median umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentrations and highest rates of FIRS. Women with FIRS had the higher rates of early-onset sepsis and intraventricular hemorrhage grades I and II when FIRS was characterized based on the umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentrations and the histopathological findings.ConclusionThe presence of both MIAC and IAI was associated with a higher fetal inflammatory response and a higher rate of FIRS. Different aspects of short-term neonatal morbidity were related to FIRS when defined by umbilical cord blood IL-6 concentrations and the histopathology of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Musilova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Drahosova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Zednikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- Fingerland's Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pliskova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zemlickova
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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25
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Brown RG, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Smith A, Lehne B, Kindinger LM, Terzidou V, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Bennett PR, MacIntyre DA. Vaginal dysbiosis increases risk of preterm fetal membrane rupture, neonatal sepsis and is exacerbated by erythromycin. BMC Med 2018; 16:9. [PMID: 29361936 PMCID: PMC5782380 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm prelabour rupture of the fetal membranes (PPROM) precedes 30% of preterm births and is a risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis. As PPROM is strongly associated with ascending vaginal infection, prophylactic antibiotics are widely used. The evolution of vaginal microbiota compositions associated with PPROM and the impact of antibiotics on bacterial compositions are unknown. METHODS We prospectively assessed vaginal microbiota prior to and following PPROM using MiSeq-based sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and examined the impact of erythromycin prophylaxis on bacterial load and community structures. RESULTS In contrast to pregnancies delivering at term, vaginal dysbiosis characterised by Lactobacillus spp. depletion was present prior to the rupture of fetal membranes in approximately a third of cases (0% vs. 27%, P = 0.026) and persisted following membrane rupture (31%, P = 0.005). Vaginal dysbiosis was exacerbated by erythromycin treatment (47%, P = 0.00009) particularly in women initially colonised by Lactobacillus spp. Lactobacillus depletion and increased relative abundance of Sneathia spp. were associated with subsequent funisitis and early onset neonatal sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that vaginal microbiota composition is a risk factor for subsequent PPROM and is associated with adverse short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes. This highlights vaginal microbiota as a potentially modifiable antenatal risk factor for PPROM and suggests that routine use of erythromycin for PPROM be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Brown
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF103AX, UK
| | - Yun S Lee
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF103AX, UK
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lindsay M Kindinger
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vasso Terzidou
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK.,Division of Computational Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK.,Division of Computational Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Queen Charlotte's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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26
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Lio A, Aurilia C, Zahra V, Moss TJ, LaRosa DA, Hooper SB, Gill AW, Kluckow M, Nitsos I, Vento G, Polglase GR. Ventilation Prior to Umbilical Cord Clamping Improves Cardiovascular Stability and Oxygenation in Preterm Lambs After Exposure to Intrauterine Inflammation. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:286. [PMID: 30410874 PMCID: PMC6209675 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Delaying umbilical cord clamping until after aeration of the lung (physiological-based cord clamping; PBCC) maintains cardiac output and oxygenation in preterm lambs at birth, however, its efficacy after intrauterine inflammation is not known. Given the high incidence of chorioamnionitis in preterm infants, we investigated whether PBCC conferred any benefits compared to immediate cord clamping (ICC) in preterm lambs exposed antenatally to 7 days of intrauterine inflammation. Methods: Ultrasound guided intraamniotic injection of 20 mg Lipopolysaccharide (from E. coli:055:B5) was administered to pregnant ewes at 0.8 gestation. Seven days later, ewes were anesthetized, preterm fetuses exteriorised via cesarean section, and instrumented for continuous measurement of pulmonary, systemic and cerebral pressures and flows, and systemic, and cerebral oxygenation. Lambs were then randomized to either PBCC, whereupon ventilation was initiated and maintained for 3 min prior to umbilical cord clamping, or ICC where the umbilical cord was cut and ventilation initiated 30 s later. Ventilation was maintained for 30 min. Results: ICC caused a rapid fall in systemic (by 25%) and cerebral (by 11%) oxygen saturation in ICC lambs, concurrent with a rapid increase in carotid arterial pressure and heart rate. The overshoot in carotid arterial pressure was sustained in ICC lambs for the first 20 min of the study. PBCC maintained cardiac output and prevented the fall in cerebral oxygen delivery at birth. PBCC lambs had lower respiratory compliance and higher respiratory requirements throughout the study. Conclusion: PBCC mitigated the adverse effects of ICC on oxygenation and cardiac output, and therefore could be more beneficial in preterm babies exposed to antenatal inflammation as it maintains cardiac output and oxygen delivery. The increased respiratory requirements require further investigation in this sub-group of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lio
- Division of Neonatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Aurilia
- Division of Neonatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Zahra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J Moss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Domenic A LaRosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew W Gill
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martin Kluckow
- Department of Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Division of Neonatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Division of Neonatology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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27
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Szpecht D, Wiak K, Braszak A, Szymankiewicz M, Gadzinowski J. Role of selected cytokines in the etiopathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm newborns. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:2097-2103. [PMID: 27541865 PMCID: PMC5086341 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are essential mediators and indicators of an inflammatory process occurring in the body. Their physiological role is to stimulate the immune response, yet their excessive propagation and interaction with cells outside the immune system may be linked to the risk of organ damage. This is specifically important in the case of immature tissues of fetuses and prematurely born infants. Analysis of the concentrations of specific cytokines in different compartments makes it possible to assess the risk of premature birth, preterm rupture of the membranes, and to determine an existing intrauterine infection. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing research concerning the relationships between the concentrations of specific proinflammatory cytokines in different compartments (maternal blood serum, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, arterial and venous blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of the newborn) and the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the degree of its severity. The paper takes also into account the assessment of the usefulness of cytokines as biomarkers for IVH and its complications (posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, white matter injury).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szpecht
- Chair and Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wiak
- Department of Neonatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, ul. Polna 33, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Braszak
- Department of Neonatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, ul. Polna 33, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Szymankiewicz
- Chair and Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Gadzinowski
- Chair and Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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