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Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Shao B, Crabtree A, Vue Z, Beasley HK, Garza-Lopez E, Scudese E, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A, Albritton CF, Jamison S, Demirci M, Murray SA, Cooper AT, Taffet GE, Hinton AO, Reddy AK. Methods to Utilize Pulse Wave Velocity to Measure Alterations in Cerebral and Cardiovascular Parameters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.22.546154. [PMID: 38798364 PMCID: PMC11118486 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.546154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global health issue, affecting over 6 million in the United States, with that number expected to increase as the aging population grows. As a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive functions, it is well established that AD is associated with cardiovascular risk factors beyond only cerebral decline. However, the study of cerebrovascular techniques for AD is still evolving. Here, we provide reproducible methods to measure impedance-based pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, in the systemic vascular (aortic PWV) and in the cerebral vascular (cerebral PWV) systems. Using aortic impedance and this relatively novel technique of cerebral impedance to comprehensively describe the systemic vascular and the cerebral vascular systems, we examined the sex-dependent differences in 5x transgenic mice (5XFAD) with AD under normal and high-fat diet, and in wild-type mice under a normal diet. Additionally, we validated our method for measuring cerebrovascular impedance in a model of induced stress in 5XFAD. Together, our results show that sex and diet differences in wildtype and 5XFAD mice account for very minimal differences in cerebral impedance. Interestingly, 5XFAD, and not wildtype, male mice on a chow diet show higher cerebral impedance, suggesting pathological differences. Opposingly, when we subjected 5XFAD mice to stress, we found that females showed elevated cerebral impedance. Using this validated method of measuring impedance-based aortic and cerebral PWV, future research may explore the effects of modifying factors including age, chronic diet, and acute stress, which may mediate cardiovascular risk in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Claude F Albritton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anthonya T. Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antentor O. Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anilkumar K. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Li X, Du H, Li J, Li X, Gao Q, Chen X. Cerebral Arterial Stiffness as Measured Based on the Pulse Wave Velocity is Associated With Intracranial Artery Calcification in Patients With Acute Stroke. J Clin Neurol 2023:19.e24. [PMID: 36929059 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE By measuring a newly defined parameter, the carotid-cerebral pulse wave velocity (ccPWV), this study aimed to determine the association of intracranial artery calcification (IAC) with arterial stiffness as reflected by the pulse wave velocity between the carotid and middle cerebral arteries using transcranial Doppler sonography in patients with acute stroke. METHODS We recruited 146 patients with ischemic stroke from our stroke center. Computed tomography of the head was used to assess the presence and severity of IAC. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using ccPWV. Data are presented as quartiles of ccPWV. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the independent relationship between ccPWV and IAC. RESULTS The IAC prevalence increased with the ccPWV quartile, being 54%, 76%, 83%, and 89% for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p<0.001) as did IAC scores, with median [interquartile range] values of 0 [0-2], 3 [2-4], 4 [2-5], and 5 [4-6], respectively (p<0.001). After additionally adjusting for age and hypertension, a significant correlation was only found between quartiles 3 and 4 of ccPWV and IAC scores. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the IAC scores was 1.78 (1.28-2.50) (p=0.001) in quartile 4 of ccPWV and 1.45 (1.07-1.95) (p=0.015) in quartile 3 compared with quartile 1. CONCLUSIONS We found that in patients with acute ischemic stroke, ccPWV was positively related to the degree of IAC. Future longitudinal cohort studies may help to identify the potential role of IAC in the progression of cerebral arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchun Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Tucker T. Arterial stiffness as a vascular contribution to cognitive impairment: a fluid dynamics perspective. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 33482655 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abdf36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A model of cerebral pulsatile blood through multiple arterial bifurcations is developed, based on the physics of wave propagation in compliant vessels. The model identifies the conditions for the optimum antegrade flow of blood into the arterioles as a function of the areas and stiffnesses of the arteries. The model predicts and quantifies the reduction in vessel diameter which occurs in progressing from the large central arteries into the arterioles. It also predicts and quantifies the change in vessel compliance which occurs in progressing from the large central arteries, through the small arteries, into the arterioles. Physics predicts that the clinically observed compliance changes are consistent with the efficient delivery of blood to the cerebral capillary bed. The model predicts that increasing arterial stiffening with age, reduces pulsatile cerebral blood flow substantially, potentially resulting in ischemia, hypoperfusion and hypoxia, with attendant neurological and cognition consequences. The model predicts that while central pulse pressure increases with aging, small vessel pulse pressure reduces, contrary to the concept of a pressure wave tsunami in the small vessels. The model also predicts that increased luminal diameters with increasing age, mitigate, somewhat the negative consequences of arterial stiffening, a form of adaptive arterial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Tucker
- Independent Researcher, Independent Researcher, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
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Barrientos-Guerra JD, Flores-Silva F, Cantú-Brito C, Chiquete E. Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics with Color-Coded Duplex Sonography: Normative Values with Correction of Insonation Angles. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104595. [PMID: 31917090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) allows direct observation of arteries and the possibility of correcting the insonation angle for reliable evaluation of hemodynamics. We obtained TCCS reference values of the cerebral hemodynamics after correction of insonation angles. METHODS We studied 195 healthy adults equally allocated into 3 age groups: 18-40, 41-60, and greater than or equal to 61 years. The middle (MCA), anterior (ACA), and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) were evaluated through the temporal acoustic window using conventional pulsed transcranial Doppler and TCCS. Peak systolic, end diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities were registered, as well as pulsatility and resistance indices at 0° and with correction by alignment of insonation angle parallel to the blood flow vector. We derived normative values assuming both the parametric and nonparametric distributions. RESULTS We excluded 33 participants due to inadequate acoustic window (10.3%), carotid disease (2.1%), and embryonic variants (4.6%), leaving out 162 for final analysis (50% female, median age 48 years). The 2.5th-97.5th percentiles of the corrected angle for MCA was 0°-60°, ACA 0°-44°, and PCA 30°-60°. After angle correction, 2.5th-97.5th percentiles for flow velocity of MCA, ACA, and PCA were 37.7-112.5 cm/s, 25.6-71.2 cm/s, and 29.2-80.8 cm/s, respectively. There were wide discrepancies between hemodynamics values obtained with insonation angles at 0° and after angle correction. No differences were found between ultrasound methods at exactly 0° or between hemispheres, however, there were differences according to age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Specific normative tables should be used in TCCS when the corrected angle is greater than 0° since the hemodynamics values greatly differ after correction of the insonation angle. Further studies are necessary to determine critical cutoffs indicating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Domingo Barrientos-Guerra
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Flores-Silva
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cantú-Brito
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erwin Chiquete
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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