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Fois MG, van Griensven M, Giselbrecht S, Habibović P, Truckenmüller RK, Tahmasebi Birgani ZN. Mini-bones: miniaturized bone in vitro models. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:910-928. [PMID: 38493050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering (TE) and regeneration, miniaturized, (sub)millimeter-sized bone models have become a popular trend since they bring about physiological biomimicry, precise orchestration of concurrent stimuli, and compatibility with high-throughput setups and high-content imaging. They also allow efficient use of cells, reagents, materials, and energy. In this review, we describe the state of the art of miniaturized in vitro bone models, or 'mini-bones', describing these models based on their characteristics of (multi)cellularity and engineered extracellular matrix (ECM), and elaborating on miniaturization approaches and fabrication techniques. We analyze the performance of 'mini-bone' models according to their applications for studying basic bone biology or as regeneration models, disease models, and screening platforms, and provide an outlook on future trends, challenges, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Fois
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman K Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zeinab Niloofar Tahmasebi Birgani
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, He SY, Wang P, Gu J, Jiang Q, Liu M, Wen C. Impacts of permeability and effective diffusivity of porous scaffolds on bone ingrowth: In silico and in vivo analyses. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213901. [PMID: 38776602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The permeability and the effective diffusivity of a porous scaffold are critical in the bone-ingrowth process. However, design guidelines for porous structures are still lacking due to inadequate understanding of the complex physiological processes involved. In this study, a model integrating the fundamental biological processes of bone regeneration was constructed to investigate the roles of permeability and effective diffusivity in regulating bone deposition in scaffolds. The in silico analysis results were confirmed in vivo by examining bone depositions in three diamond lattice scaffolds manufactured using selective laser melting. The findings show that the scaffolds with better permeability and effective diffusivity had deeper bone ingrowth and greater bone volume. Compared to permeability, effective diffusivity exhibited greater sensitivity to the orientation of porous structures, and bone ingrowth was deeper in the directions with higher effective diffusivity in spite of identical pore size. A 4.8-fold increase in permeability and a 1.6-fold increase in effective diffusivity by changing the porous structure led to a 1.5-fold increase in newly formed bone. The effective diffusivity of the porous scaffold affects the distribution of osteogenic growth factor, which in turn impacts cell migration and bone deposition through chemotaxis effects. Therefore, effective diffusivity may be a more suitable indicator for porous scaffolds because our study shows changes in this parameter determine changes in bone distribution and bone volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Si-Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China; Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China; Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mengxing Liu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China; Wuhan Mindray Scientific Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Wang M, Jiang G, Yang H, Jin X. Computational models of bone fracture healing and applications: a review. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:219-239. [PMID: 38235582 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a very complex physiological process involving multiple events at different temporal and spatial scales, such as cell migration and tissue differentiation, in which mechanical stimuli and biochemical factors assume key roles. With the continuous improvement of computer technology in recent years, computer models have provided excellent solutions for studying the complex process of bone healing. These models not only provide profound insights into the mechanisms of fracture healing, but also have important implications for clinical treatment strategies. In this review, we first provide an overview of research in the field of computational models of fracture healing based on CiteSpace software, followed by a summary of recent advances, and a discussion of the limitations of these models and future directions for improvement. Finally, we provide a systematic summary of the application of computational models of fracture healing in three areas: bone tissue engineering, fixator optimization and clinical treatment strategies. The application of computational models of bone healing in clinical treatment is immature, but an inevitable trend, and as these models become more refined, their role in guiding clinical treatment will become more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guodong Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Taohong Siwu Decoction Promotes Osteo-Angiogenesis in Fractures by Regulating the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6777447. [PMID: 36193143 PMCID: PMC9526655 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6777447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular damage is a major consequence of bone fracture. Taohong Siwu decoction (TSD) can raise the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in fracture healing. However, its molecular mechanism in promoting angiogenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of TSD in the regulation of osteo-angiogenesis in fracture healing. Methods A rat tibial fracture model was established. After low- (4.5 g·kg−1), medium- (9 g·kg−1), and high-dose TSD (18 g·kg−1) and panax notoginsenoside (25 mg kg−1) treatment, hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to visualize pathological changes in bone tissues. The levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1β), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6 ketone prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunofluorescence was used to identify the rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Control serum, 10% TSD-containing serum, and 10% TSD-containing serum combined with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor were used to treat the RAECs and rat osteoblasts. Transwell migration assay was utilized to examine the migration of the RAECs. The Matrigel tubulogenesis assay was used for the assessment of angiogenesis. The expression of angiogenesis- (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL), HIF-1α, VEGF, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and pVHL) and osteogenesis-related (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteopontin-1 (OPN-1)) protein and gene was detected by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results Compared with the model group, TSD increased the trabecular bone areas, numbers, and thicknesses in fractured rats. In the plasma, the levels of cytokines and TXB2 in the middle- and high-dose TSD group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01). The 6-keto-PGF1α content was increased by middle- and high-dose TSD intervention (P < 0.01). Compared to the control serum group, the angiogenesis and migration of the RAECs were enhanced in the TSD group (P < 0.001). The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and Ang-2 in the TSD group upregulated significantly (P < 0.001). VHL and pVHL were inhibited under TSD-containing serum treatment (P < 0.001). ALP, Runx2, and OPN-1 were increased obviously in the TSD group (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the HIF-1α inhibitor reversed these changes (P < 0.001). Conclusion TSD promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis by regulating the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Meanwhile, it can effectively reduce the risk of inflammation and improve blood circulation.
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Rayat Pisheh H, Ansari M, Eslami H. How is mechanobiology involved in bone regenerative medicine? Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Despite major research efforts to elucidate mechanisms of non-union formation, failed fracture healing remains a common complication in orthopedic surgery. Adequate vascularization has been recognized as a crucial factor for successful bone regeneration, as newly formed microvessels guarantee the supply of the callus tissue with vital oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. Accordingly, a vast number of preclinical studies have focused on the development of vascularization strategies to stimulate fracture repair. However, recent evidence suggests that stimulation of blood vessel formation is an oversimplified approach to support bone regeneration. This review discusses the role of vascularization during bone regeneration and delineates a phenomenon, for which we coin the term “the vascularization paradox of non-union-formation”. This view is based on the results of a variety of experimental studies that suggest that the callus tissue of non-unions is indeed densely vascularized and that pro-angiogenic mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, are sufficiently expressed at the facture site. By gaining further insights into the molecular and cellular basis of non-union vascularization, it may be possible to develop more optimized treatment approaches or even prevent the non-union formation in the future.
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Lafuente-Gracia L, Borgiani E, Nasello G, Geris L. Towards in silico Models of the Inflammatory Response in Bone Fracture Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:703725. [PMID: 34660547 PMCID: PMC8514728 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.703725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In silico modeling is a powerful strategy to investigate the biological events occurring at tissue, cellular and subcellular level during bone fracture healing. However, most current models do not consider the impact of the inflammatory response on the later stages of bone repair. Indeed, as initiator of the healing process, this early phase can alter the regenerative outcome: if the inflammatory response is too strongly down- or upregulated, the fracture can result in a non-union. This review covers the fundamental information on fracture healing, in silico modeling and experimental validation. It starts with a description of the biology of fracture healing, paying particular attention to the inflammatory phase and its cellular and subcellular components. We then discuss the current state-of-the-art regarding in silico models of the immune response in different tissues as well as the bone regeneration process at the later stages of fracture healing. Combining the aforementioned biological and computational state-of-the-art, continuous, discrete and hybrid modeling technologies are discussed in light of their suitability to capture adequately the multiscale course of the inflammatory phase and its overall role in the healing outcome. Both in the establishment of models as in their validation step, experimental data is required. Hence, this review provides an overview of the different in vitro and in vivo set-ups that can be used to quantify cell- and tissue-scale properties and provide necessary input for model credibility assessment. In conclusion, this review aims to provide hands-on guidance for scientists interested in building in silico models as an additional tool to investigate the critical role of the inflammatory phase in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lafuente-Gracia
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus: Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edoardo Borgiani
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus: Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA in silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Nasello
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus: Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus: Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA in silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Farzin A, Hassan S, Teixeira LSM, Gurian M, Crispim JF, Manhas V, Carlier A, Bae H, Geris L, Noshadi I, Shin SR, Leijten J. Self-Oxygenation of Tissues Orchestrates Full-Thickness Vascularization of Living Implants. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2100850. [PMID: 34924912 PMCID: PMC8680410 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering of tissues and organs has the potential to generate functional replacement organs. However, achieving the full-thickness vascularization that is required for long-term survival of living implants has remained a grand challenge, especially for clinically sized implants. During the pre-vascular phase, implanted engineered tissues are forced to metabolically rely on the diffusion of nutrients from adjacent host-tissue, which for larger living implants results in anoxia, cell death, and ultimately implant failure. Here it is reported that this challenge can be addressed by engineering self-oxygenating tissues, which is achieved via the incorporation of hydrophobic oxygen-generating micromaterials into engineered tissues. Self-oxygenation of tissues transforms anoxic stresses into hypoxic stimulation in a homogenous and tissue size-independent manner. The in situ elevation of oxygen tension enables the sustained production of high quantities of angiogenic factors by implanted cells, which are offered a metabolically protected pro-angiogenic microenvironment. Numerical simulations predict that self-oxygenation of living tissues will effectively orchestrate rapid full-thickness vascularization of implanted tissues, which is empirically confirmed via in vivo experimentation. Self-oxygenation of tissues thus represents a novel, effective, and widely applicable strategy to enable the vascularization living implants, which is expected to advance organ transplantation and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farzin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liliana S Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin Gurian
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering Technical Medical CentreUniversity of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Varun Manhas
- Biomechanics Research Unit GIGA In Silico Medicine University of Liège Chemin des Chevreuils 1, B52/3, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering MERLN Institute University of Maastricht Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hojae Bae
- KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit GIGA In Silico Medicine University of Liège Chemin des Chevreuils 1, B52/3, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Iman Noshadi
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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García-Aznar JM, Nasello G, Hervas-Raluy S, Pérez MÁ, Gómez-Benito MJ. Multiscale modeling of bone tissue mechanobiology. Bone 2021; 151:116032. [PMID: 34118446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical environment has a crucial role in our organism at the different levels, ranging from cells to tissues and our own organs. This regulatory role is especially relevant for bones, given their importance as load-transmitting elements that allow the movement of our body as well as the protection of vital organs from load impacts. Therefore bone, as living tissue, is continuously adapting its properties, shape and repairing itself, being the mechanical loads one of the main regulatory stimuli that modulate this adaptive behavior. Here we review some key results of bone mechanobiology from computational models, describing the effect that changes associated to the mechanical environment induce in bone response, implant design and scaffold-driven bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Gabriele Nasello
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Gómez-Benito
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Ganadhiepan G, Miramini S, Mendis P, Patel M, Zhang L. A probabilistic approach for modelling bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 37:e3466. [PMID: 33864429 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone fracture treatments using Ilizarov circular fixator (ICF) involve dealing with uncertainties about a range of critical factors that control the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site such as ICF configuration, fracture gap size, physiological loading etc. To date, the effects of the uncertainties about these critical factors on the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site have not been fully understood. The purpose of this study is to tackle this challenge by using computational modelling in conjunction with engineering reliability analysis. Particularly, the effects of uncertainties in fracture gap size (GS), level of weight-bearing (P), ICF wire pretension (T) and wire diameter (WD) on the fracture site mechanical microenvironment at the beginning of the reparative phase of healing was investigated in this study. The results show that the mechanical microenvironment of fracture site stabilised with ICF is very sensitive to the uncertainties in P and GS. For example, an increase in the coefficient of variation of P (COVP ) from 0.1 to 0.9 (i.e., an increase in the uncertainty in P) could reduce the probability of achieving a favourable mechanical microenvironment within the fracture site (i.e., Probability of Success, PoS) by more than 50%, while an increase in the coefficient of variation of GS (COVGS ) from 0.1 to 0.9 could decrease PoS by around 30%. In contrast, an increase in the uncertainties in T and WD (COV increase from 0.1 to 0.9) has little influence on the fracture site mechanical microenvironment (PoS changes <5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesharajah Ganadhiepan
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priyan Mendis
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minoo Patel
- Centre for Limb Lengthening & Reconstruction, Epworth Hospital Richmond, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Ganadhiepan G, Miramini S, Patel M, Mendis P, Zhang L. Optimal time-dependent levels of weight-bearing for bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104611. [PMID: 34082182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
It is known that weight-bearing exercises under Ilizarov circular fixators (ICF) could enhance bone fracture healing by mechano-regulation. However, interfragmentary movements at the fracture site induced by weight-bearing may inhibit angiogenesis and ultimately delay the healing process. To tackle this challenge, a computational model is presented in this study which considers the spatial and temporal changes in mechanical properties of fracture callus to predict optimal levels of weight-bearing during fracture healing under ICF. The study takes sheep fractures as example and shows that the developed model has the capability of predicting patient specific, time-dependent optimal levels of weight-bearing which enhances mechano-regulation mediated healing without hindering the angiogenesis process. The results demonstrate that allowable level of weight-bearing and timings depend on fracture gap size. For normal body weights (BW) and moderate fracture gap sizes (e.g. 3 mm), weight-bearing with 30% BW could start by week 4 post-operation and gradually increase to 100% BW by week 11. In contrast, for relatively large fracture gap sizes (i.e. 6 mm), weight-bearing is recommended to commence in later stages of healing (e.g. week 11 post-operation). Furthermore, increasing ICF stiffness (e.g. using half pins instead of pretension wires) can increase the level of weight-bearing significantly in the early stages up to a certain time point (e.g. week 8 post-operation) beyond which no noticeable benefits could be achieved. The findings of this study have potential applications in designing post-operative weight bearing exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Minoo Patel
- Epworth Hospital Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia
| | - Priyan Mendis
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Verboket RD, Irrle T, Busche Y, Schaible A, Schröder K, Brune JC, Marzi I, Nau C, Henrich D. Fibrous Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) Improves Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell (BMC)-Supported Bone Healing in Large Femoral Bone Defects in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:1249. [PMID: 34069404 PMCID: PMC8158746 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of large bone defects is a major objective in trauma surgery. Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC)-supported bone healing was shown to be efficient after immobilization on a scaffold. We hypothesized that fibrous demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in various forms with BMCs is superior to granular DBM. A total of 65 male SD rats were assigned to five treatment groups: syngenic cancellous bone (SCB), fibrous demineralized bone matrix (f-DBM), fibrous demineralized bone matrix densely packed (f-DBM 120%), DBM granules (GDBM) and DBM granules 5% calcium phosphate (GDBM5%Ca2+). BMCs from donor rats were combined with different scaffolds and placed into 5 mm femoral bone defects. After 8 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanical stability and histology were assessed. Similar biomechanical properties of f-DBM and SCB defects were observed. Similar bone and cartilage formation was found in all groups, but a significantly bigger residual defect size was found in GDBM. High bone healing scores were found in f-DBM (25) and SCB (25). The application of DBM in fiber form combined with the application of BMCs shows promising results comparable to the gold standard, syngenic cancellous bone. Denser packing of fibers or higher amount of calcium phosphate has no positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- René D. Verboket
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Tanja Irrle
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Yannic Busche
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Alexander Schaible
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Center of Physiology, Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Jan C. Brune
- German Institute for Cell- and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gemeinnützige GmbH), 12555 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Christoph Nau
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
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13
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Van Camp N, Verhelst PJ, Nicot R, Ferri J, Politis C. Impaired Callus Formation in Pathological Mandibular Fractures in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Osteoradionecrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1892-1901. [PMID: 34097863 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonsurgical treatment of mandibular fractures secondary to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) or osteoradionecrosis (ORN) mostly results in nonunion, whereas nonsurgical fracture treatment of atrophic fractures can achieve favorable results in selected cases. The aim of this study was to compare callus formation in pathological mandibular fractures due to MRONJ, ORN, or extreme mandibular atrophy. METHODS A retrospective cohort study reviewing the medical records of all MRONJ-, ORN-, or atrophy-related fractures treated at the departments of maxillofacial surgery in the Leuven or Lille university hospitals between 2010 and 2019 was undertaken. The primary predictor variable in this study was disease state (MRONJ, ORN, or extreme mandibular atrophy). The primary outcome variable was callus formation after 1 month of follow-up (present, absent). Additional study variables measured included patient age and gender. T-tests, Fisher exact tests, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at P < .05. RESULTS Seventy patients were analyzed (12 MRONJ cases, 54 ORN fractures, 4 atrophic fractures). The callus formation prevalence in nonsurgically approached fractures secondary to ORN and MRONJ after 1 month of follow-up was 3.03% (2/66 cases). In contrast, callus was detected in all patients in the mandibular atrophy-related fracture group. Osteonecrosis was statistically correlated with impaired callus formation (P = .0121). CONCLUSION Whereas one would expect indirect fracture healing and thus callus formation to occur in all non-surgically treated fractures, our data demonstrate its absence in the majority of MRONJ- and ORN-related fractures. Multiple plausible explanations for this phenomenon were identified: periosteal damage with loss of callus-forming cells, compromised vasculature, and bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Van Camp
- Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Imaging and Pathology Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter-Jan Verhelst
- Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Imaging and Pathology Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Romain Nicot
- Staff Physician, Stomatologie, Chirurgie Orale et Maxillofaciale, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Université de Lille/CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joel Ferri
- Professor and Department Head, Stomatologie, Chirurgie Orale et Maxillofaciale, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Université de Lille/CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Constantinus Politis
- Professor and Department Head, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Imaging and Pathology Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Wu XQ, Wang D, Liu Y, Zhou JL. Development of a tibial experimental non-union model in rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:261. [PMID: 33853660 PMCID: PMC8045330 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many non-union animal models have been developed to explore the problems surrounding fracture healing. However, the existing models are not perfect and cannot satisfy all non-union studies. This study aimed to make a non-union model of the tibia in rats by cauterization of the posterior of 2 mm on both sides of the fracture end after open osteotomy of the tibia and fixing the fractured tibia with a Kirschner wire 0.8 mm in diameter. METHODS For this study, 96 female adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. The rats underwent surgery to produce a tibial open fracture and were fixed with a 0.8-mm diameter Kirschner wire. In 48 of the rats, the periosteum proximal and distal to the fracture end was cauterized. RESULTS At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery, radiological and histological analysis showed typical physiological healing in the control group, and the healing rate was 100% at 6 weeks. But the non-union group was characterized by resorption of the fracture ends with few callus formations and no bridging callus formation, and the healing rate was 0% at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS This method represents a reproducible model to create atrophic non-unions. This model provides a new option for studying the basic healing mechanisms and evaluating new therapies for bone regeneration and treatment of non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
- Department of Handsurgery, Tangshan Second Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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15
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de Ruiter RD, Smilde BJ, Pals G, Bravenboer N, Knaus P, Schoenmaker T, Botman E, Sánchez-Duffhues G, Pacifici M, Pignolo RJ, Shore EM, van Egmond M, Van Oosterwyck H, Kaplan FS, Hsiao EC, Yu PB, Bocciardi R, De Cunto CL, Longo Ribeiro Delai P, de Vries TJ, Hilderbrandt S, Jaspers RT, Keen R, Koolwijk P, Morhart R, Netelenbos JC, Rustemeyer T, Scott C, Stockklausner C, ten Dijke P, Triffit J, Ventura F, Ravazzolo R, Micha D, Eekhoff EMW. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: What Have We Achieved and Where Are We Now? Follow-up to the 2015 Lorentz Workshop. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:732728. [PMID: 34858325 PMCID: PMC8631510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.732728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare progressive genetic disease effecting one in a million individuals. During their life, patients with FOP progressively develop bone in the soft tissues resulting in increasing immobility and early death. A mutation in the ACVR1 gene was identified as the causative mutation of FOP in 2006. After this, the pathophysiology of FOP has been further elucidated through the efforts of research groups worldwide. In 2015, a workshop was held to gather these groups and discuss the new challenges in FOP research. Here we present an overview and update on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D. de Ruiter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ruben D. de Ruiter, ; Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff,
| | - Bernard J. Smilde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Bone Histomorphology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esmée Botman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Abramson Research Center, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Eileen M. Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Genetics, and the Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Division of Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus division of skeletal tissue engineering, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederick S. Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edward C. Hsiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and the Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Renata Bocciardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Carmen Laura De Cunto
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Teun J. de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Hilderbrandt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Keen
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rolf Morhart
- Department of Pediatrics, Garmisch-Partenkichen Medical Center, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jan C. Netelenbos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AmsterdamUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Scott
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Departmet of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clemens Stockklausner
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - James Triffit
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departamento de Cièncias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Bone Histomorphology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ruben D. de Ruiter, ; Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff,
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16
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Shares BH, Smith CO, Sheu TJ, Sautchuk R, Schilling K, Shum LC, Paine A, Huber A, Gira E, Brown E, Awad H, Eliseev RA. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition improves bone fracture repair. Bone 2020; 137:115391. [PMID: 32360587 PMCID: PMC7354230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture is accompanied by trauma, mechanical stresses, and inflammation - conditions known to induce the mitochondrial permeability transition. This phenomenon occurs due to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) promoted by cyclophilin D (CypD). MPTP opening leads to more inflammation, cell death and potentially to disruption of fracture repair. Here we performed a proof-of-concept study and tested a hypothesis that protecting mitochondria from MPTP opening via inhibition of CypD improves fracture repair. First, our in vitro experiments indicated pro-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in osteoprogenitors upon CypD knock-out or pharmacological inhibition. Using a bone fracture model in mice, we observed that bone formation and biomechanical properties of repaired bones were significantly increased in CypD knock-out mice or wild type mice treated with a CypD inhibitor, NIM811, when compared to controls. These effects were evident in young male but not female mice, however in older (13 month-old) female mice bone formation was also increased during fracture repair. In contrast to global CypD knock-out, mesenchymal lineage-specific (Prx1-Cre driven) CypD deletion did not result in improved fracture repair. Our findings implicate MPTP in bone fracture and suggest systemic CypD inhibition as a modality to promote fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna H Shares
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Charles O Smith
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Rubens Sautchuk
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Kevin Schilling
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Laura C Shum
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Ananta Paine
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Aric Huber
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Emma Gira
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Edward Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Hani Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, United States of America.
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17
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Jiang Y, Xie Y, Chen Z, Li K, Zheng X. Preparation and characteristics of a novel oxygen-releasing coating for improved cell responses in hypoxic environment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:248-261. [PMID: 32496645 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Affected by environmental factors such as oxygen deficiency, the secretion of growth factor was abnormal in bone injury sites, resulting in the poor responses of osteoblasts and prolonging the healing process. Herein, in this study, we reported an in situ oxygen-releasing porous titanium coating that combines the dual degradability of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with the self-releasing oxygen capacity of the CaO2 core. The resulting formulation exhibited stable oxygen-releasing capacity as well as the ability to promote proliferation and differentiation of the MC3T3 cell line under hypoxia conditions. According to these results, oxygen-releasing coatings based on improved cellular microenvironment may be a promising bone repair material that would reduce the incidence of difficult bone healing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youtao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Touri M, Moztarzadeh F, Abu Osman NA, Dehghan MM, Brouki Milan P, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Mozafari M. Oxygen-Releasing Scaffolds for Accelerated Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2985-2994. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Touri
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Fathollah Moztarzadeh
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Noor Azuan Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
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19
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Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A, Bonakdar S. Oxygen-releasing nanofibers for breathable bone tissue engineering application. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:72-82. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328220913051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a vital molecule for cell and tissue processes. Electrospun fibers have been extensively used as drug loading carriers due to possibility of well control over drug release with modulating fiber properties. However, they have not been used as depots for oxygen release. In the present study, an oxygen-releasing nanofibrous scaffold has been developed by electrospinning of polylactic acid/nano-calcium peroxide suspension with different polylactic acid concentrations (6.5 and 13% w/v). The electrospun fibers with calcium peroxide cargo provided oxygen content of 30–94 mmHg in a period of 14 days which lies well within the oxygen level of osseous tissue. The release profile of 13% polylactic acid fibers was different with that of 6.5% fibers with respects to the initial content of released oxygen and the release rate. Not only did 13% fibers supply oxygen with a slower rate, but also they resulted in a lower burst release of oxygen. Cell culture studies in hypoxia corroborated that 13% polylactic acid fibers better preserve cell viability comparing 6.5% counterparts as perceived by MTT assay. Moreover, they endowed more favored milieu for adherence, arrangement and migration of mesenchymal stem cells as confirmed by microscopy images. The oxygen-releasing fibers equally affected alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and calcium deposition by mesenchymal stem cells most likely due to interplay between topographical and metabolic cues offered by 6.5 and 13% formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Khorshidi
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Karkhaneh
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Lipid availability determines fate of skeletal progenitor cells via SOX9. Nature 2020; 579:111-117. [PMID: 32103177 PMCID: PMC7060079 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The avascular nature of cartilage makes it a unique tissue1–4, but whether and how the absence of nutrient supply regulates chondrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that obstruction of vascular invasion during bone healing favours chondrogenic over osteogenic differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells. Unexpectedly, this process is driven by a decreased availability of extracellular lipids. When lipids are scarce, skeletal progenitors activate FoxO transcription factors, which bind to the Sox9 promoter and increase its expression. Besides initiating chondrogenesis, SOX9 acts as a regulator of cellular metabolism by suppressing fatty acid oxidation, and thus adapts the cells to an avascular life. Our results define lipid scarcity as an important determinant of chondrogenic commitment, reveal a role for FoxOs during lipid starvation, and identify SOX9 as a critical metabolic mediator. These data highlight the importance of the nutritional microenvironment in the specification of skeletal cell fate.
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21
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Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A, Bonakdar S. Fabrication of amine‐decorated nonspherical microparticles with calcium peroxide cargo for controlled release of oxygen. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:136-147. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Khorshidi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Akbar Karkhaneh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank DepartmentPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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22
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NOURISA JALIL, ROUHI GHOLAMREZA. PREDICTION OF THE TREND OF BONE FRACTURE HEALING BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE EARLY STAGES SIMULATIONS: A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, several studies have implied the importance of early stage mechanical stability in the bone fracture healing process. This study aimed at finding a correlation between the predicted different tissue phenotypes in the early stages of healing and the ultimate healing outcome. For this purpose, the process of fracture healing was numerically simulated employing an axisymmetric bi-phasic finite element (FE) model for three initial gap sizes of 1, 3 and 6[Formula: see text]mm and four initial interfragmentary strains (IFS) of 7%, 11%, 15% and 19%. The model was validated with experimental and other numerical studies from the literature. Results of this study showed that the amount of cartilage and fibrous tissue observed in the early stage after fracture can be used to qualitatively assess the outcome of complete bone healing process. Greater amount of cartilage in early stage of healing process yielded faster callus maturation, and delayed maturation of callus was predicted in the case of high fibrous tissue production. Results of this study can be used to provide an estimation of the performance of different fixation systems by considering the amounts of cartilage and fibrous tissues observed in the early stage of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- JALIL NOURISA
- Zentrum fr Material, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
| | - GHOLAMREZA ROUHI
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Kühn C, Checa S. Computational Modeling to Quantify the Contributions of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and Lateral Inhibition in Sprouting Angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 30971939 PMCID: PMC6445957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is a necessary process in regeneration and development as well as in tumorigenesis. VEGF-A is the main pro-angiogenic chemoattractant and it can bind to the decoy receptor VEGFR1 or to VEGFR2 to induce sprouting. Active sprout cells express Dll4, which binds to Notch1 on neighboring cells, in turn inhibiting VEGFR2 expression. It is known that the balance between VEGFR2 and VEGFR1 determines tip selection and network architecture, however the quantitative interrelationship of the receptors and their interrelated balances, also with relation to Dll4-Notch1 signaling, remains yet largely unknown. Here, we present an agent-based computer model of sprouting angiogenesis, integrating VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in a detailed model of cellular signaling. Our model reproduces experimental data on VEGFR1 knockout. We show that soluble VEGFR1 improves the efficiency of angiogenesis by directing sprouts away from existing cells over a wide range of parameters. Our analysis unravels the relevance of the stability of the active notch intracellular domain as a dominating hub in this regulatory network. Our analysis quantitatively dissects the regulatory interactions in sprouting angiogenesis. Because we use a detailed model of intracellular signaling, the results of our analysis are directly linked to biological entities. We provide our computational model and simulation engine for integration in complementary modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kühn
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charite - UIniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ansari S, Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A. Engineering of gradient osteochondral tissue: From nature to lab. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:41-54. [PMID: 30721785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The osteochondral tissue is an interface between two distinct tissues: articular cartilage and bone. These two tissues are significantly diverse with regard to their chemical compositions, mechanical properties, structure, electrical properties, and the amount of nutrient and oxygen consumption. Thus, transition from the surface of the articular cartilage to the subchondral bone needs to face several smooth gradients. These gradients are imperative to study to generate a scaffold suitable for the reconstruction of the cartilaginous and osseous layers of a defected osteochondral tissue, simultaneously. The aim of this review is to peruse the alternation of biochemical, biomechanical, structural, electrical, and metabolic properties of the osteochondral tissue moving from the surface of the articular cartilage to the subchondral bone. Moreover, this review also discusses currently developed approaches and ideal techniques with a focus on gradients present in the interface of the cartilage and bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The submitted review paper entitled as "Engineering of the gradient osteochondral tissue: from nature to lab" is a complete review with regard to the osteochondral tissue and transition of different properties between the cartilage and bone tissues. Moreover, previous studies on the osteochondral tissue engineering have been reviewed in this paper. This complete information can be a valuable and useful source for current and future researchers and scientists. Considering the scope of the submitted paper, Acta Biomaterialia would be a suitable journal for publishing this article.
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Grivas KN, Vavva MG, Polyzos D, Carlier A, Geris L, Van Oosterwyck H, Fotiadis DI. Effect of ultrasound on bone fracture healing: A computational mechanobioregulatory model. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:1048. [PMID: 30823826 DOI: 10.1121/1.5089221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone healing process is a complicated phenomenon regulated by biochemical and mechanical signals. Experimental studies have shown that ultrasound (US) accelerates bone ossification and has a multiple influence on cell differentiation and angiogenesis. In a recent work of the authors, a bioregulatory model for providing bone-healing predictions was addressed, taking into account for the first time the salutary effect of US on the involved angiogenesis. In the present work, a mechanobioregulatory model of bone solidification under the US presence incorporating also the mechanical environment on the regeneration process, which is known to affect cellular processes, is presented. An iterative procedure is adopted, where the finite element method is employed to compute the mechanical stimuli at the linear elastic phases of the poroelastic callus region and a coupled system of partial differential equations to simulate the enhancement by the US cell angiogenesis process and thus the oxygen concentration in the fractured area. Numerical simulations with and without the presence of US that illustrate the influence of progenitor cells' origin in the healing pattern and the healing rate and simultaneously demonstrate the salutary effect of US on bone repair are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Grivas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, GR 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria G Vavva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, GR 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Polyzos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, GR 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C-PB 2419, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C-PB 2419, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C-PB 2419, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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Modeling the Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation Involved in the Bone Fracture Healing Process. MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPLICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/mca24010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new mathematical model is presented to study the effects of macrophages on the bone fracture healing process. The model consists of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that represents the interactions among classically and alternatively activated macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A qualitative analysis of the model is performed to determine the equilibria and their corresponding stability properties. Numerical simulations are also presented to support the theoretical results, and to monitor the evolution of a broken bone for different types of fractures under various medical interventions. The model can be used to guide clinical experiments and to explore possible medical treatments that accelerate the bone fracture healing process, either by surgical interventions or drug administrations.
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Wubneh A, Tsekoura EK, Ayranci C, Uludağ H. Current state of fabrication technologies and materials for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:1-30. [PMID: 30248515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A range of traditional and free-form fabrication technologies have been investigated and, in numerous occasions, commercialized for use in the field of regenerative tissue engineering (TE). The demand for technologies capable of treating bone defects inherently difficult to repair has been on the rise. This quest, accompanied by the advent of functionally tailored, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials, has garnered an enormous research interest in bone TE. As a result, different materials and fabrication methods have been investigated towards this end, leading to a deeper understanding of the geometrical, mechanical and biological requirements associated with bone scaffolds. As our understanding of the scaffold requirements expands, so do the capability requirements of the fabrication processes. The goal of this review is to provide a broad examination of existing scaffold fabrication processes and highlight future trends in their development. To appreciate the clinical requirements of bone scaffolds, a brief review of the biological process by which bone regenerates itself is presented first. This is followed by a summary and comparisons of commonly used implant techniques to highlight the advantages of TE-based approaches over traditional grafting methods. A detailed discussion on the clinical and mechanical requirements of bone scaffolds then follows. The remainder of the manuscript is dedicated to current scaffold fabrication methods, their unique capabilities and perceived shortcomings. The range of biomaterials employed in each fabrication method is summarized. Selected traditional and non-traditional fabrication methods are discussed with a highlight on their future potential from the authors' perspective. This study is motivated by the rapidly growing demand for effective scaffold fabrication processes capable of economically producing constructs with intricate and precisely controlled internal and external architectures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript summarizes the current state of fabrication technologies and materials used for creating scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications. A comprehensive analysis of different fabrication methods (traditional and free-form) were summarized in this review paper, with emphasis on recent developments in the field. The fabrication techniques suitable for creating scaffolds for tissue engineering was particularly targeted and their use in bone tissue engineering were articulated. Along with the fabrication techniques, we emphasized the choice of materials in these processes. Considering the limitations of each process, we highlighted the materials and the material properties critical in that particular process and provided a brief rational for the choice of the materials. The functional performance for bone tissue engineering are summarized for different fabrication processes and the choice of biomaterials. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of the field, highlighting the knowledge gaps and promising avenues in pursuit of effective scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This extensive review of the field will provide research community with a reference source for current approaches to scaffold preparation. We hope to encourage the researchers to generate next generation biomaterials to be used in these fabrication processes. By providing both advantages and disadvantage of each fabrication method in detail, new fabrication techniques might be devised that will overcome the limitations of the current approaches. These studies should facilitate the efforts of researchers interested in generating ideal scaffolds, and should have applications beyond the repair of bone tissue.
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Effect of ultrasound on bone fracture healing: A computational bioregulatory model. Comput Biol Med 2018; 100:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bhattarai DP, Aguilar LE, Park CH, Kim CS. A Review on Properties of Natural and Synthetic Based Electrospun Fibrous Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:E62. [PMID: 30110968 PMCID: PMC6160934 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field where the principles of engineering are applied on bone-related biochemical reactions. Scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and their interrelation in microenvironment are the major concerns in bone tissue engineering. Among many alternatives, electrospinning is a promising and versatile technique that is used to fabricate polymer fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Copolymerization and polymer blending is a promising strategic way in purpose of getting synergistic and additive effect achieved from either polymer. In this review, we summarize the basic chemistry of bone, principle of electrospinning, and polymers that are used in bone tissue engineering. Particular attention will be given on biomechanical properties and biological activities of these electrospun fibers. This review will cover the fundamental basis of cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of the electrospun fibers in bone tissue scaffolds. In the last section, we offer the current development and future perspectives on the use of electrospun mats in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deval Prasad Bhattarai
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal.
| | - Ludwig Erik Aguilar
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
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30
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Three-dimensional computational model simulating the fracture healing process with both biphasic poroelastic finite element analysis and fuzzy logic control. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6744. [PMID: 29712979 PMCID: PMC5928059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A dynamic model regulated by both biphasic poroelastic finite element analysis and fuzzy logic control was established. Fuzzy logic control was an easy and comprehensive way to simulate the tissue differentiation process, and it is convenient for researchers and medical experts to communicate with one another to change the fuzzy logic rules and improve the simulation of the tissue differentiation process. In this study, a three-dimensional fracture healing model with two different interfragmentary movements (case A: 0.25 mm and case B: 1.25 mm) was analysed with the new set-up computational model. As the healing process proceeded, both simulated interfragmentary movements predicted a decrease and the time that the decrease started for case B was later than that for case A. Compared with experimental results, both cases corresponded with experimental data well. The newly established dynamic model can simulate the healing process under different mechanical environments and has the potential to extend to the multiscale healing model, which is essential for reducing the animal experiments and helping to characterise the complex dynamic interaction between tissue differentiations within the callus region.
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Mayer Y, Ginesin O, Khutaba A, Machtei EE, Zigdon Giladi H. Biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of PLCL coated and noncoated xenografts: An in vitro and preclinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:294-299. [PMID: 29508553 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors are the key components in bone tissue engineering. Scaffold composition, topography, and architecture influence the amount of regenerated bone in the implantation site. The aims of the study were to compare viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto two commercial xenografts: Bio-Oss (BO) and bioactive bone bovine (BB). Next, these materials were compared for histomorphometric bone formation in a socket preservation model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs were seeded onto monolayers of BO or BB granules. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated after incubation of 0, 2, 20, and 48 h. A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral extraction of maxillary molars. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: natural healing (nongrafted socket) or socket preservation with either BO or BB. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks, and histomorphometric analysis was done to evaluate bone formation and residual scaffold at the extraction site. RESULTS Differences in the metabolic activity of MSCs that were seeded onto BO or BB was observed at 2 h after seeding: the metabolic activity was elevated compared to baseline in the BB (P = .046) and not changed in the BO wells (P = .84). After 20 h, the metabolic activity of MSCs seeded onto BO was decreasing (P = .005), while cell viability was not changed in the BB group (P = .356). Intergroup comparison revealed higher metabolic activity of MSCs seeded on BB after 48 h compared with BO (P = .016). The in vivo results demonstrated differences in socket healing between the groups: percentage of new bone was higher in the BB compared to BO group (39.1 ± 14.3 vs. 23.7 ± 10.8%, respectively, P = .096). Connective tissue portion was higher in the BO group compared with BB (73.7 ± 11.1 vs. 49.6 ± 13.7%, respectively, P = .018). Residual grafting martial was higher in the BB (11.34 ± 4.18 vs. 2.62 ± 1.23%, P = .011). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrating higher vitality and proliferation of MSCs seeded onto BB. Furthermore, following ridge preservation, higher percentage of new bone and lower residual scaffold were found in the BB compared with BO. This enhanced regenerative response might be the result of an enhancement of metabolic activity in cells attached to it. Further research will be needed to understand the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Mayer
- Department of Periodontics, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofir Ginesin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alaa Khutaba
- Department of Periodontics, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli E Machtei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon Giladi
- Lab of Bone Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Carlier A, Vasilevich A, Marechal M, de Boer J, Geris L. In silico clinical trials for pediatric orphan diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2465. [PMID: 29410461 PMCID: PMC5802824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date poor treatment options are available for patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT), a pediatric orphan disease. In this study we have performed an in silico clinical trial on 200 virtual subjects, generated from a previously established model of murine bone regeneration, to tackle the challenges associated with the small, pediatric patient population. Each virtual subject was simulated to receive no treatment and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatment. We have shown that the degree of severity of CPT is significantly reduced with BMP treatment, although the effect is highly subject-specific. Using machine learning techniques we were also able to stratify the virtual subject population in adverse responders, non-responders, responders and asymptomatic. In summary, this study shows the potential of in silico medicine technologies as well as their implications for other orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carlier
- Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, PB 2419, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin des Chevreuils 1 - BAT 52/3, 4000, Liège 1, Belgium.,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Vasilevich
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Marechal
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J de Boer
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Geris
- Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, PB 2419, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liège, Chemin des Chevreuils 1 - BAT 52/3, 4000, Liège 1, Belgium. .,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Touri M, Moztarzadeh F, Osman NAA, Dehghan MM, Mozafari M. 3D-printed biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds coated with an oxygen generating system for enhancing engineered tissue survival. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 29519434 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds with oxygen generating elements have shown to be able to increase the level of oxygen and cell survivability in specific conditions. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds with the composition of 60% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which have shown a great potential for bone tissue engineering applications, were fabricated by a direct-write assembly (robocasting) technique. Then, the three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds were coated with different ratios of an oxygen releasing agent, calcium peroxide (CPO), which encapsulated within a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix through dip-coating, and used for in situ production of oxygen in the implanted sites. The structure, composition and morphology of the prepared scaffolds were characterized by different techniques. The oxygen release kinetics and biological investigations of the scaffolds were also studied in vitro. The results showed that oxygen release behaviour was sustained and dependant on the concentration of CPO encapsulated in the PCL coating matrix. It was also demonstrated that the coated scaffolds, having 3% CPO in the coating system, could provide a great potential for promoting bone ingrowth with improving osteoblast cells viability and proliferation under hypoxic conditions. The findings indicated that the prepared scaffolds could play a significant role in engineering of large bone tissue implants with limitations in oxygen diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Touri
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fathollah Moztarzadeh
- Biomaterial Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Noor Azuan Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Biomedical research and clinical practice are struggling to cope with the growing complexity that the progress of health care involves. The most challenging diseases, those with the largest socioeconomic impact (cardiovascular conditions; musculoskeletal conditions; cancer; metabolic, immunity, and neurodegenerative conditions), are all characterized by a complex genotype-phenotype interaction and by a "systemic" nature that poses a challenge to the traditional reductionist approach. In 2005 a small group of researchers discussed how the vision of computational physiology promoted by the Physiome Project could be translated into clinical practice and formally proposed the term Virtual Physiological Human. Our knowledge about these diseases is fragmentary, as it is associated with molecular and cellular processes on the one hand and with tissue and organ phenotype changes (related to clinical symptoms of disease conditions) on the other. The problem could be solved if we could capture all these fragments of knowledge into predictive models and then compose them into hypermodels that help us tame the complexity that such systemic behavior involves. In 2005 this was simply not possible-the necessary methods and technologies were not available. Now, 10 years later, it seems the right time to reflect on the original vision, the results achieved so far, and what remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Viceconti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom;
| | - Peter Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Wang M, Yang N. A review of bioregulatory and coupled mechanobioregulatory mathematical models for secondary fracture healing. Med Eng Phys 2017; 48:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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A review of computational models of bone fracture healing. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 55:1895-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Ghiasi MS, Chen J, Vaziri A, Rodriguez EK, Nazarian A. Bone fracture healing in mechanobiological modeling: A review of principles and methods. Bone Rep 2017; 6:87-100. [PMID: 28377988 PMCID: PMC5365304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture is a very common body injury. The healing process is physiologically complex, involving both biological and mechanical aspects. Following a fracture, cell migration, cell/tissue differentiation, tissue synthesis, and cytokine and growth factor release occur, regulated by the mechanical environment. Over the past decade, bone healing simulation and modeling has been employed to understand its details and mechanisms, to investigate specific clinical questions, and to design healing strategies. The goal of this effort is to review the history and the most recent work in bone healing simulations with an emphasis on both biological and mechanical properties. Therefore, we provide a brief review of the biology of bone fracture repair, followed by an outline of the key growth factors and mechanical factors influencing it. We then compare different methodologies of bone healing simulation, including conceptual modeling (qualitative modeling of bone healing to understand the general mechanisms), biological modeling (considering only the biological factors and processes), and mechanobiological modeling (considering both biological aspects and mechanical environment). Finally we evaluate different components and clinical applications of bone healing simulation such as mechanical stimuli, phases of bone healing, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Ghiasi
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Chen
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashkan Vaziri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward K. Rodriguez
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hendrikson WJ, van Blitterswijk CA, Rouwkema J, Moroni L. The Use of Finite Element Analyses to Design and Fabricate Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:30. [PMID: 28567371 PMCID: PMC5434139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling has been increasingly applied to the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Where in early days computational models were used to better understand the biomechanical requirements of targeted tissues to be regenerated, recently, more and more models are formulated to combine such biomechanical requirements with cell fate predictions to aid in the design of functional three-dimensional scaffolds. In this review, we highlight how computational modeling has been used to understand the mechanisms behind tissue formation and can be used for more rational and biomimetic scaffold-based tissue regeneration strategies. With a particular focus on musculoskeletal tissues, we discuss recent models attempting to predict cell activity in relation to specific mechanical and physical stimuli that can be applied to them through porous three-dimensional scaffolds. In doing so, we review the most common scaffold fabrication methods, with a critical view on those technologies that offer better properties to be more easily combined with computational modeling. Finally, we discuss how modeling, and in particular finite element analysis, can be used to optimize the design of scaffolds for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim. J. Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Clemens. A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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39
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Borgiani E, Duda GN, Checa S. Multiscale Modeling of Bone Healing: Toward a Systems Biology Approach. Front Physiol 2017; 8:287. [PMID: 28533757 PMCID: PMC5420595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a living part of the body that can, in most situations, heal itself after fracture. However, in some situations, healing may fail. Compromised conditions, such as large bone defects, aging, immuno-deficiency, or genetic disorders, might lead to delayed or non-unions. Treatment strategies for those conditions remain a clinical challenge, emphasizing the need to better understand the mechanisms behind endogenous bone regeneration. Bone healing is a complex process that involves the coordination of multiple events at different length and time scales. Computer models have been able to provide great insights into the interactions occurring within and across the different scales (organ, tissue, cellular, intracellular) using different modeling approaches [partial differential equations (PDEs), agent-based models, and finite element techniques]. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in computer models of bone healing with a focus on multiscale approaches and how they have contributed to understand the emergence of tissue formation patterns as a result of processes taking place at the lower length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Borgiani
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
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Miclau KR, Brazina SA, Bahney CS, Hankenson KD, Hunt TK, Marcucio RS, Miclau T. Stimulating Fracture Healing in Ischemic Environments: Does Oxygen Direct Stem Cell Fate during Fracture Healing? Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:45. [PMID: 28523266 PMCID: PMC5416746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures represent an enormous societal and economic burden as one of the most prevalent causes of disability worldwide. Each year, nearly 15 million people are affected by fractures in the United States alone. Data indicate that the blood supply is critical for fracture healing; as data indicate that concomitant bone and vascular injury are major risk factors for non-union. However, the various role(s) that the vasculature plays remains speculative. Fracture stabilization dictates stem cell fate choices during repair. In stabilized fractures stem cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts and heal the injury by intramembranous ossification. In contrast, in non-stable fractures stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes and the bone heals through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template transforms into bone as the chondrocytes transform into osteoblasts. One suggested role of the vasculature has been to participate in the stem cell fate decisions due to delivery of oxygen. In stable fractures, the blood vessels are thought to remain intact and promote osteogenesis, while in non-stable fractures, continual disruption of the vasculature creates hypoxia that favors formation of cartilage, which is avascular. However, recent data suggests that non-stable fractures are more vascularized than stable fractures, that oxygen does not appear associated with differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, that cartilage is not hypoxic, and that oxygen, not sustained hypoxia, is required for angiogenesis. These unexpected results, which contrast other published studies, are indicative of the need to better understand the complex, spatio-temporal regulation of vascularization and oxygenation in fracture healing. This work has also revealed that oxygen, along with the promotion of angiogenesis, may be novel adjuvants that can stimulate healing in select patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Harvard CollegeCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sloane A Brazina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science and Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas K Hunt
- Department of Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteSan Francisco, CA, USA
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41
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Bhattacharya P, Viceconti M. Multiscale modeling methods in biomechanics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9:e1375. [PMID: 28102563 PMCID: PMC5412936 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More and more frequently, computational biomechanics deals with problems where the portion of physical reality to be modeled spans over such a large range of spatial and temporal dimensions, that it is impossible to represent it as a single space-time continuum. We are forced to consider multiple space-time continua, each representing the phenomenon of interest at a characteristic space-time scale. Multiscale models describe a complex process across multiple scales, and account for how quantities transform as we move from one scale to another. This review offers a set of definitions for this emerging field, and provides a brief summary of the most recent developments on multiscale modeling in biomechanics. Of all possible perspectives, we chose that of the modeling intent, which vastly affect the nature and the structure of each research activity. To the purpose we organized all papers reviewed in three categories: 'causal confirmation,' where multiscale models are used as materializations of the causation theories; 'predictive accuracy,' where multiscale modeling is aimed to improve the predictive accuracy; and 'determination of effect,' where multiscale modeling is used to model how a change at one scale manifests in an effect at another radically different space-time scale. Consistent with how the volume of computational biomechanics research is distributed across application targets, we extensively reviewed papers targeting the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular systems, and covered only a few exemplary papers targeting other organ systems. The review shows a research subdomain still in its infancy, where causal confirmation papers remain the most common. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1375. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1375 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Marco Viceconti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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O'Reilly A, Kelly DJ. A Computational Model of Osteochondral Defect Repair Following Implantation of Stem Cell-Laden Multiphase Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:30-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam O'Reilly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel John Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for atrophic and oligotrophic nonunion of tibia and femur in high energy trauma patients. Case series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Giorgi M, Verbruggen SW, Lacroix D. In silico bone mechanobiology: modeling a multifaceted biological system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:485-505. [PMID: 27600060 PMCID: PMC5082538 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, the study of the influence of mechanical loads on biological processes through signaling to cells, is fundamental to the inherent ability of bone tissue to adapt its structure in response to mechanical stimulation. The immense contribution of computational modeling to the nascent field of bone mechanobiology is indisputable, having aided in the interpretation of experimental findings and identified new avenues of inquiry. Indeed, advances in computational modeling have spurred the development of this field, shedding new light on problems ranging from the mechanical response to loading by individual cells to tissue differentiation during events such as fracture healing. To date, in silico bone mechanobiology has generally taken a reductive approach in attempting to answer discrete biological research questions, with research in the field broadly separated into two streams: (1) mechanoregulation algorithms for predicting mechanobiological changes to bone tissue and (2) models investigating cell mechanobiology. Future models will likely take advantage of advances in computational power and techniques, allowing multiscale and multiphysics modeling to tie the many separate but related biological responses to loading together as part of a larger systems biology approach to shed further light on bone mechanobiology. Finally, although the ever‐increasing complexity of computational mechanobiology models will inevitably move the field toward patient‐specific models in the clinic, the determination of the context in which they can be used safely for clinical purpose will still require an extensive combination of computational and experimental techniques applied to in vitro and in vivo applications. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:485–505. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1356 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Giorgi
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism and INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Damien Lacroix
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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An intramembranous ossification model for the in silico analysis of bone tissue formation in tooth extraction sites. J Theor Biol 2016; 401:64-77. [PMID: 27113783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The accurate modeling of biological processes allows us to predict the spatiotemporal behavior of living tissues by computer-aided (in silico) testing, a useful tool for the development of medical strategies, avoiding the expenses and potential ethical implications of in vivo experimentation. A model for bone healing in mouth would be useful for selecting proper surgical techniques in dental procedures. In this paper, the formulation and implementation of a model for Intramembranous Ossification is presented aiming to describe the complex process of bone tissue formation in tooth extraction sites. The model consists in a mathematical description of the mechanisms in which different types of cells interact, synthesize and degrade extracellular matrices under the influence of biochemical factors. Special attention is given to angiogenesis, oxygen-dependent effects and growth factor-induced apoptosis of fibroblasts. Furthermore, considering the depth-dependent vascularization of mandibular bone and its influence on bone healing, a functional description of the cell distribution on the severed periodontal ligament (PDL) is proposed. The developed model was implemented using the finite element method (FEM) and successfully validated by simulating an animal in vivo experiment on dogs reported in the literature. A good fit between model outcome and experimental data was obtained with a mean absolute error of 3.04%. The mathematical framework presented here may represent an important tool for the design of future in vitro and in vivo tests, as well as a precedent for future in silico studies on osseointegration and mechanobiology.
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Unravelling the Role of Mechanical Stimuli in Regulating Cell Fate During Osteochondral Defect Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3446-3459. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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O'Reilly A, Kelly DJ. Role of oxygen as a regulator of stem cell fate during the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1026-36. [PMID: 26595173 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the in vivo environment makes it is difficult to isolate the effects of specific cues on regulating cell fate during regenerative events such as osteochondral defect repair. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to explore how joint specific environmental factors regulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate during osteochondral defect repair. To this end, the spontaneous repair process within an osteochondral defect was simulated using a tissue differentiation algorithm which assumed that MSC fate was regulated by local oxygen levels and substrate stiffness. The developed model was able to predict the main stages of tissue formation observed by a number of in vivo studies. Following this, a parametric study was conducted to better understand why interventions that modulate angiogenesis dramatically impact the outcome of osteochondral defect healing. In the simulations where angiogenesis was reduced, by week 12, the subchondral plate was predicted to remain below the native tidemark, although the chondral region was composed entirely of cartilage and fibrous tissue. In the simulations where angiogenesis was increased, more robust cell proliferation and cartilage formation were observed during the first 4 weeks, however, by week 12 the subchondral plate had advanced above the native tidemark although any remaining tissue was either hypertrophic cartilage or fibrous tissue. These results suggest that osteochondral defect repair could be enhanced by interventions where angiogenesis is promoted but confined to within the subchondral region of the defect. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1026-1036, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O'Reilly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Carlier A, Skvortsov GA, Hafezi F, Ferraris E, Patterson J, Koç B, Van Oosterwyck H. Computational model-informed design and bioprinting of cell-patterned constructs for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2016; 8:025009. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/2/025009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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A computational model to explore the role of angiogenic impairment on endochondral ossification during fracture healing. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 15:1279-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Capturing the wide variety of impaired fracture healing phenotypes in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with eight key factors: a computational study. Sci Rep 2016; 7:20010. [PMID: 26822862 PMCID: PMC4731811 DOI: 10.1038/srep20010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare disease which normally presents itself during early childhood by anterolateral bowing of the tibia and spontaneous tibial fractures. Although the exact etiology of CPT is highly debated, 40–80% of CPT patients are carriers of a mutation in the Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) gene, which can potentially result in an altered phenotype of the skeletal cells and impaired bone healing. In this study we use a computational model of bone regeneration to examine the effect of the Nf1 mutation on bone fracture healing by altering the parameter values of eight key factors which describe the aberrant cellular behaviour of Nf1 haploinsufficient and Nf1 bi-allelically inactivated cells. We show that the computational model is able to predict the formation of a hamartoma as well as a wide variety of CPT phenotypes through different combinations of altered parameter values. A sensitivity analysis by “Design of Experiments” identified the impaired endochondral ossification process and increased infiltration of fibroblastic cells as key contributors to the degree of severity of CPT. Hence, the computational model results have added credibility to the experimental hypothesis of a genetic cause (i.e. Nf1 mutation) for CPT.
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