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Lawton P, Fahimipour AK, Anderson KE. Interspecific dispersal constraints suppress pattern formation in metacommunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230136. [PMID: 38913053 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Decisions to disperse from a habitat stand out among organismal behaviours as pivotal drivers of ecosystem dynamics across scales. Encounters with other species are an important component of adaptive decision-making in dispersal, resulting in widespread behaviours like tracking resources or avoiding consumers in space. Despite this, metacommunity models often treat dispersal as a function of intraspecific density alone. We show, focusing initially on three-species network motifs, that interspecific dispersal rules generally drive a transition in metacommunities from homogeneous steady states to self-organized heterogeneous spatial patterns. However, when ecologically realistic constraints reflecting adaptive behaviours are imposed-prey tracking and predator avoidance-a pronounced homogenizing effect emerges where spatial pattern formation is suppressed. We demonstrate this effect for each motif by computing master stability functions that separate the contributions of local and spatial interactions to pattern formation. We extend this result to species-rich food webs using a random matrix approach, where we find that eventually, webs become large enough to override the homogenizing effect of adaptive dispersal behaviours, leading once again to predominately pattern-forming dynamics. Our results emphasize the critical role of interspecific dispersal rules in shaping spatial patterns across landscapes, highlighting the need to incorporate adaptive behavioural constraints in efforts to link local species interactions and metacommunity structure. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lawton
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California , Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ashkaan K Fahimipour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Kurt E Anderson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, & Organismal Biology, University of California , Riverside, CA, USA
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Yang Q, Hong P, Luo M, Jiang L, Wang S. Dispersal increases spatial synchrony of populations but has weak effects on population variability: a meta-analysis. Am Nat 2022; 200:544-555. [DOI: 10.1086/720715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Massing JC, Gross T. Generalized Structural Kinetic Modeling: A Survey and Guide. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:825052. [PMID: 35573734 PMCID: PMC9098827 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.825052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many current challenges involve understanding the complex dynamical interplay between the constituents of systems. Typically, the number of such constituents is high, but only limited data sources on them are available. Conventional dynamical models of complex systems are rarely mathematically tractable and their numerical exploration suffers both from computational and data limitations. Here we review generalized modeling, an alternative approach for formulating dynamical models to gain insights into dynamics and bifurcations of uncertain systems. We argue that this approach deals elegantly with the uncertainties that exist in real world data and enables analytical insight or highly efficient numerical investigation. We provide a survey of recent successes of generalized modeling and a guide to the application of this modeling approach in future studies such as complex integrative ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana C. Massing
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Marine and Polar Research, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jana C. Massing,
| | - Thilo Gross
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Marine and Polar Research, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Medeiros ES, Feudel U, Zakharova A. Asymmetry-induced order in multilayer networks. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024302. [PMID: 34525566 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Symmetries naturally occur in real-world networks and can significantly influence the observed dynamics. For instance, many synchronization patterns result from the underlying network symmetries, and high symmetries are known to increase the stability of synchronization. Yet here we find that general macroscopic features of network solutions such as regularity can be induced by breaking their symmetry of interactions. We demonstrate this effect in an ecological multilayer network where the topological asymmetries occur naturally. These asymmetries rescue the system from chaotic oscillations by establishing stable periodic orbits and equilibria. We call this phenomenon asymmetry-induced order and uncover its mechanism by analyzing both analytically and numerically the absence of dynamics on the system's synchronization manifold. Moreover, the bifurcation scenario describing the route from chaos to order is also disclosed. We demonstrate that this result also holds for generic node dynamics by analyzing coupled paradigmatic Rössler and Lorenz systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton S Medeiros
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Feudel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Zakharova
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Djouda BS, Ndjomatchoua FT, Moukam Kakmeni FM, Tchawoua C, Tonnang HEZ. Understanding biological control with entomopathogenic fungi-Insights from a stochastic pest-pathogen model. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:023126. [PMID: 33653067 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an individual-based model is proposed to investigate the effect of demographic stochasticity on biological control using entomopathogenic fungi. The model is formulated as a continuous time Markov process, which is then decomposed into a deterministic dynamics using stochastic corrections and system size expansion. The stability and bifurcation analysis shows that the system dynamic is strongly affected by the contagion rate and the basic reproduction number. However, sensitivity analysis of the extinction probability shows that the persistence of a biological control agent depends to the proportion of spores collected from insect cadavers as well as their ability to be reactivated and infect insects. When considering the migration of each species within a set of patches, the dispersion relation shows a Hopf-damped Turing mode for a threshold contagion rate. A large size population led to a spatial and temporal resonant stochasticity and also induces an amplification effect on power spectrum density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byliole S Djouda
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Structures, Research and Postgraduate Training Unit for Physics and Applications, Postgraduate School of Science, Technology and Geosciences, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Ngoa Ekelle, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frank T Ndjomatchoua
- Sustainable Impact Platform, Adaptive Agronomy and Pest Ecology Cluster, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777-1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - F M Moukam Kakmeni
- Complex Systems and Theoretical Biology Group, Laboratory of Research on Advanced Materials and Nonlinear Science (LaRAMaNS), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Buéa, P.O. Box 63, Buéa, Cameroon
| | - Clément Tchawoua
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Structures, Research and Postgraduate Training Unit for Physics and Applications, Postgraduate School of Science, Technology and Geosciences, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Ngoa Ekelle, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henri E Z Tonnang
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Gross T, Allhoff KT, Blasius B, Brose U, Drossel B, Fahimipour AK, Guill C, Yeakel JD, Zeng F. Modern models of trophic meta-communities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190455. [PMID: 33131442 PMCID: PMC7662193 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and foodweb dynamics have long been studied in separate models. However, over the past decades, it has become abundantly clear that there are intricate interactions between local dynamics and spatial patterns. Trophic meta-communities, i.e. meta-foodwebs, are very complex systems that exhibit complex and often counterintuitive dynamics. Over the past decade, a broad range of modelling approaches have been used to study these systems. In this paper, we review these approaches and the insights that they have revealed. We focus particularly on recent papers that study trophic interactions in spatially extensive settings and highlight the common themes that emerged in different models. There is overwhelming evidence that dispersal (and particularly intermediate levels of dispersal) benefits the maintenance of biodiversity in several different ways. Moreover, some insights have been gained into the effect of different habitat topologies, but these results also show that the exact relationships are much more complex than previously thought, highlighting the need for further research in this area. This article is part of the theme issue 'Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gross
- University of California Davis, Department of Computer Science, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Alfred Wegener Institut. Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Univeristät Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Bidiversity, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Korinna T. Allhoff
- Universität Tübingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Blasius
- Alfred Wegener Institut. Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Univeristät Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Drossel
- TU Darmstadt, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hochschulstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ashkaan K. Fahimipour
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Christian Guill
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justin D. Yeakel
- University of California, Merced, School of Natural Sciences, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Fanqi Zeng
- University of Bristol, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
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Brechtel A, Gross T, Drossel B. Far-ranging generalist top predators enhance the stability of meta-foodwebs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12268. [PMID: 31439912 PMCID: PMC6706381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying stabilizing factors in foodwebs is a long standing challenge with wide implications for community ecology and conservation. Here, we investigate the stability of spatially resolved meta-foodwebs with far-ranging super-predators for whom the whole meta-foodwebs appears to be a single habitat. By using a combination of generalized modeling with a master stability function approach, we are able to efficiently explore the asymptotic stability of large classes of realistic many-patch meta-foodwebs. We show that meta-foodwebs with far-ranging top predators are more stable than those with localized top predators. Moreover, adding far-ranging generalist top predators to a system can have a net stabilizing effect. These results highlight the importance of top predator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brechtel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute for condensed matter physics, Hochschulstr. 6, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany.
| | - Thilo Gross
- UC Davis, Department of Computer Science, 1 Shields Av, Davis, Ca, 95616, USA
| | - Barbara Drossel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute for condensed matter physics, Hochschulstr. 6, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
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Djouda BS, Moukam Kakmeni FM, Guemkam Ghomsi P, Ndjomatchoua FT, Tchawoua C, Tonnang HEZ. Theoretical analysis of spatial nonhomogeneous patterns of entomopathogenic fungi growth on insect pest. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:053134. [PMID: 31154798 DOI: 10.1063/1.5043612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study of the dynamics of intrahost (insect pests)-pathogen [entomopathogenic fungi (EPF)] interactions. The interaction between the resources from the insect pest and the mycelia of EPF is represented by the Holling and Powell type II functional responses. Because the EPF's growth is related to the instability of the steady state solution of our system, particular attention is given to the stability analysis of this steady state. Initially, the stability of the steady state is investigated without taking into account diffusion and by considering the behavior of the system around its equilibrium states. In addition, considering small perturbation of the stable singular point due to nonlinear diffusion, the conditions for Turing instability occurrence are deduced. It is observed that the absence of the regeneration feature of insect resources prevents the occurrence of such phenomena. The long time evolution of our system enables us to observe both spot and stripe patterns. Moreover, when the diffusion of mycelia is slightly modulated by a weak periodic perturbation, the Floquet theory and numerical simulations allow us to derive the conditions in which diffusion driven instabilities can occur. The relevance of the obtained results is further discussed in the perspective of biological insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byliole S Djouda
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Structures, Research and Postgraduate Training Unit for Physics and Applications, Postgraduate School of Science, Technology and Geosciences, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Ngoa Ekelle, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - F M Moukam Kakmeni
- Complex Systems and Theoretical Biology Group, Laboratory of Research on Advanced Materials and Nonlinear Science (LaRAMaNS), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Buéa, P. O. Box 63, Buéa, Cameroon
| | - P Guemkam Ghomsi
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Structures, Research and Postgraduate Training Unit for Physics and Applications, Postgraduate School of Science, Technology and Geosciences, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Ngoa Ekelle, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frank T Ndjomatchoua
- Sustainable Impact Platform, Adaptive Agronomy and Pest Ecology Cluster, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777-1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Clément Tchawoua
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Structures, Research and Postgraduate Training Unit for Physics and Applications, Postgraduate School of Science, Technology and Geosciences, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Ngoa Ekelle, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henri E Z Tonnang
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 08 BP 0932, Tri Postal Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Brechtel A, Gramlich P, Ritterskamp D, Drossel B, Gross T. Master stability functions reveal diffusion-driven pattern formation in networks. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032307. [PMID: 29776185 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study diffusion-driven pattern formation in networks of networks, a class of multilayer systems, where different layers have the same topology, but different internal dynamics. Agents are assumed to disperse within a layer by undergoing random walks, while they can be created or destroyed by reactions between or within a layer. We show that the stability of homogeneous steady states can be analyzed with a master stability function approach that reveals a deep analogy between pattern formation in networks and pattern formation in continuous space. For illustration, we consider a generalized model of ecological meta-food webs. This fairly complex model describes the dispersal of many different species across a region consisting of a network of individual habitats while subject to realistic, nonlinear predator-prey interactions. In this example, the method reveals the intricate dependence of the dynamics on the spatial structure. The ability of the proposed approach to deal with this fairly complex system highlights it as a promising tool for ecology and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brechtel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Gramlich
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Ritterskamp
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Drossel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thilo Gross
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
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Egilmez HI, Morozov AY, Clokie MRJ, Shan J, Letarov A, Galyov EE. Temperature-dependent virus lifecycle choices may reveal and predict facets of the biology of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9642. [PMID: 29941954 PMCID: PMC6018541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, a serious illness caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, results in up to 40% fatality in infected patients. The pathogen is found in tropical water and soil. Recent findings demonstrated that bacterial numbers can be regulated by a novel clade of phages that are abundant in soil and water. These phages differentially infect their bacterial hosts causing lysis at high temperatures and lysogeny at lower temperatures. Thus seasonal and daily temperature variations would cause switches in phage-bacteria interactions. We developed mathematical models using realistic parameters to explore the impact of phages on B. pseudomallei populations in the surface water of rice fields over time and under seasonally changing environmental conditions. Historical records were used to provide UV radiation levels and temperature for two Thailand provinces. The models predict seasonal variation of phage-free bacterial numbers correlates with the higher risk of melioidosis acquisition during the “warm and wet” season. We find that enrichment of the environment may lead to irregular large amplitude pulses of bacterial numbers that could significantly increase the probability of disease acquisition. Our results suggest that the phages may regulate B. pseudomallei populations throughout the seasons, and these data can potentially help improve the melioidosis prevention efforts in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil I Egilmez
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrew Yu Morozov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Martha R J Clokie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jinyu Shan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrey Letarov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, RC Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Edouard E Galyov
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Abstract
In ecology it is widely recognised that many landscapes comprise a network of discrete patches of habitat. The species that inhabit the patches interact with each other through a foodweb, the network of feeding interactions. The meta-foodweb model proposed by Pillai et al. combines the feeding relationships at each patch with the dispersal of species between patches, such that the whole system is represented by a network of networks. Previous work on meta-foodwebs has focussed on landscape networks that do not have an explicit spatial embedding, but in real landscapes the patches are usually distributed in space. Here we compare the dispersal of a meta-foodweb on Erdős-Rényi networks, that do not have a spatial embedding, and random geometric networks, that do have a spatial embedding. We found that local structure and large network distances in spatially embedded networks, lead to meso-scale patterns of patch occupation by both specialist and omnivorous species. In particular, we found that spatial separations make the coexistence of competing species more likely. Our results highlight the effects of spatial embeddings for meta-foodweb models, and the need for new analytical approaches to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Barter
- University of Bristol, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Bristol, UK.
| | - Thilo Gross
- University of Bristol, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Bristol, UK
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