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Liberatore C, Fioritoni F, Di Ianni M. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: is there still a place? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1402106. [PMID: 38894872 PMCID: PMC11183778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1402106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of novel agents dramatically improved response and outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) and led to a sharp decline in the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Thus, recent guidelines do not recommend anymore allo-HSCT as consolidation in the first-line treatment of newly diagnosed MM, even in high-risk patients. In a relapsed/refractory setting, allo-HSCT is not routinely recommended but should only be performed within clinical trials in young and high-risk patients. Nonetheless, allo-HSCT still represents a potential curative approach that has been used for decades in the treatment of MM and plasma cell neoplasms with favorable results and may still represent a treatment option for carefully selected patients. Despite that promising results were obtained with CAR T-cell therapies and bispecific antibodies in triple- and penta-exposed/refractory MM, these patients will inevitably relapse. To date, less is known about outcomes of allo-HSCT in patients exposed to novel immunotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, allo-HSCT could represent a reasonable treatment choice for younger and high-risk patients who have relapsed after CAR T-cell therapies and bispecific antibodies as well as an alternative for patients not eligible to these treatments and in those countries where immunotherapies are not yet available. In the choice of conditioning, reduced intensity conditioning regimens are currently recommended for the lower toxicity and mortality. Moreover, the use of alternative donors, particularly haploidentical, has progressively increased in last years with results comparable to full matched donors. Finally, post-transplantation maintenance strategies are encouraged whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Liberatore
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesca Fioritoni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Pescara, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Pescara, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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2
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Hashmi H, Kumar A, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Munshi PN, Inamoto Y, DeFilipp Z, Dholaria B, Jain T, Perales MA, Carpenter PA, Hamadani M, Dhakal B, Usmani SZ. ASTCT Committee on Practice Guidelines Survey on Evaluation and Management of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma after Failure of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2024:S2666-6367(24)00347-6. [PMID: 38615990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) has revolutionized the management of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, CAR-T treatment failure is not uncommon and remains a major therapeutic challenge. There is substantial variability across transplantation and cellular therapy programs in assessing and managing post-CAR-T failures in patients with RRMM. The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) Committee on Practice Guidelines conducted an online cross-sectional survey between September 2023 and December 2023 to determine myeloma, transplantation, and cellular therapy physicians' practice patterns for the surveillance, diagnosis, and management of CAR-T failure. The intent of this survey was to understand clinical practice patterns and identify areas for further investigation. Email surveys were sent to 1311 ASTCT physician members, of whom 80 (6.1%) completed the survey. The respondents were 58% white and 66% male, and 51% had >10 years of clinical experience. Most (89%) respondents were affiliated with a university/teaching center, and 56% had a myeloma-focused transplantation and/or cellular therapy practice. Post-CAR-T surveillance laboratory studies were commonly done every 4 weeks, and surveillance bone marrow biopsies and/or imaging surveillance were most commonly done at 3 months. Sixty-four percent of the respondents would often or always consider biopsy or imaging to confirm relapse. The most popular post-CAR-T failure rescue regimen was GPRC5D-directed immunotherapy (30%) for relapses occurring ≤3 months and BCMA-directed bispecific therapies (32.5%) for relapse at >3 months. Forty-one percent of the respondents endorsed post-CAR-T prolonged cytopenia as being "often" or "always" a barrier to next-line therapy; 53% had offered stem cell boost as a mitigation approach. Substantial across-center variation in practice patterns raises the need for collaborative studies and expert clinical recommendations to describe best practices for post-CAR-T disease surveillance, optimal workup for treatment failure, and choice of rescue therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hashmi
- Department of Medicine, Multiple Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Pashna N Munshi
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zachariah DeFilipp
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tania Jain
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Binod Dhakal
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Department of Medicine, Multiple Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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3
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Hughes CFM, Shah GL, Paul BA. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in the age of CAR T cell therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1373548. [PMID: 38601770 PMCID: PMC11004402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the management of relapsed and refractory myeloma, with excellent outcomes and a tolerable safety profile. High dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) is established as a mainstream of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) management in patients who are young and fit enough to tolerate such intensity. This standard was developed based on randomized trials comparing AHCT to chemotherapy in the era prior to novel agents. More recently, larger studies have primarily shown a progression free survival (PFS) benefit of upfront AHCT, rather than overall survival (OS) benefit. There is debate about the significance of this lack of OS, acknowledging the potential confounders of the chronic nature of the disease, study design and competing harms and benefits of exposure to AHCT. Indeed upfront AHCT may not be as uniquely beneficial as we once thought, and is not without risk. New quadruple-agent regimens are highly active and effective in achieving a deep response as quantified by measurable residual disease (MRD). The high dose chemotherapy administered with AHCT imposes a burden of short and long-term adverse effects, which may alter the disease course and patient's ability to tolerate future therapies. Some high-risk subgroups may have a more valuable benefit from AHCT, though still ultimately suffer poor outcomes. When compared to the outcomes of CAR T cell therapy, the question of whether AHCT can or indeed should be deferred has become an important topic in the field. Deferring AHCT may be a personalized decision in patients who achieve MRD negativity, which is now well established as a key prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Reserving or re-administering AHCT at relapse is feasible in many cases and holds the promise of resetting the T cell compartment and opening up options for immune reengagement. It is likely that personalized MRD-guided decision making will shape how we sequence in the future, though more studies are required to delineate when this is safe and appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F. M. Hughes
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunjan L. Shah
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barry A. Paul
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health/Wake Forest Baptist, Charlotte, NC, United States
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4
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Hammons L, Haider S, Portuguese AJ, Banerjee R, Szabo A, Pasquini M, Chhabra S, Radhakrishnan S, Mohan M, Narra R, Dong J, Janz S, Shah NN, Hamadani M, D'Souza A, Hari P, Dhakal B. Chimeric antigen receptor and bispecific T-cell engager therapies in multiple myeloma patients with prior allogeneic transplantation. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:887-891. [PMID: 38054558 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and bispecific T-cell engagers (BsAb) have emerged as promising immunotherapeutic modalities in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, there is limited data on the safety and efficacy of CAR-T and BsAb therapies in MM patients with a prior history of allogeneic transplantation (allo-HCT). Thirty-three MM patients with prior allo-HCT received CAR-T (n = 24) or BsAb (n = 9) therapy. CAR-T therapy demonstrated an ORR of 92% (67% ≥ CR), and 73% were MRD negative. BsAb therapy resulted in an ORR of 44% (44% ≥ CR) and 44% MRD negative. Safety analysis showed grade ≥3 AEs in 92% of CAR-T and 56% of BsAb patients. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 83% of CAR-T and 78% of BsAb recipients, while immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was observed in three CAR-T patients. Infections of grade ≥3 were reported in 50% of CAR-T and 44% of BsAb recipients. No exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease occurred except in one BsAb recipient. CAR-T and BsAb therapies appear to be feasible, safe and provide deep and durable responses in MM patients with prior allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Hammons
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shabi Haider
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew J Portuguese
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcelo Pasquini
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sabarinath Radhakrishnan
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meera Mohan
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ravi Narra
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Dong
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nirav N Shah
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anita D'Souza
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Binod Dhakal
- BMT and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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5
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Bostankolu Değirmenci B, Yegin ZA, Akdemir ÜÖ, Dede A, Gündem GG, Özkurt ZN, Atay LÖ, Yağcı M. Clinical factors associated with autologous stem cell transplantation outcomes in multiple myeloma: upfront transplant with MEL200 remains the standard of care. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:269-283. [PMID: 37880484 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the mainstay of the treatment in newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This retrospective study was performed to investigate the potential prognostic markers which may modify transplant course in a total of 256 ASCT recipients [median age: 58 (30-74) years; male/female: 138/118], including pretransplant (PET0) and day + 60 (PET2) PET/CT assessments and comparative analysis of melphalan (Mel) dose. Better responses with significantly higher complete response/very good partial response rates were achieved in patients who proceeded to transplant within 301 days from diagnosis (p < 0.001). Patients who had received < 1.5 lines of treatment prior to transplant had significantly higher probability of overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). The probability of OS was significantly higher in patients with low Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score (PS = 0-1) (p = 0.003) and HCT-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI = 0) (p = 0.011). The number of involved areas (p = 0.028) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (p = 0.021) in PET0 represented significant impact on OS. The probabilities of OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.01) were significantly better with Mel200 mg/m2 conditioning compared to Mel140 mg/m2. Conditioning with Mel200 mg/m2, early and upfront ASCT and low pretransplant treatment burden were found to be significantly associated with ASCT outcome in MM patients. Despite its predictor impact on survival and prognosis, further studies are warranted to standardize PET/CT-based response assessments before being used as a guide for treatment decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Arzu Yegin
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Özgür Akdemir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dede
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gonca Gül Gündem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Nur Özkurt
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Özlem Atay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Münci Yağcı
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Anderson LD, Dhakal B, Jain T, Oluwole OO, Shah GL, Sidana S, Perales MA, Pasquini MC. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Myeloma: Where Are We Now and What Is Needed to Move Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Forward to Earlier Lines of Therapy? Expert Panel Opinion from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:17-37. [PMID: 37913909 PMCID: PMC10873054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Since 2021, 2 B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies-idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel)-have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after 4 or more prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory drug, a proteasome inhibitor, and an anti-CD38 antibody. The 2 products have shown unprecedented activity in RRMM, but relapses remain common, and access to and safety of CAR-T therapy in patients with rapidly progressing advanced disease are not ideal. Sequencing CAR-T therapy with other options, including the 2 recently approved BCMA-directed T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies teclistamab and elranatamab, has become increasingly challenging owing to data showing inferior outcomes from CAR-T therapy after prior BCMA-directed therapy. This has led to the consideration of CAR-T therapy earlier in the course of disease for myeloma, when T cells are potentially healthier and the myeloma is less aggressive. To address the question of earlier use of CAR-T therapy, several trials are either ongoing or planned, and results have recently been reported for 2 randomized trials of CAR-T therapy showing improved progression-free survival compared to standard of care therapy in second-line (CARTITUDE-4) or third-line therapy (KarMMA-3). With the anticipation of the FDA possibly expanding approval of CAR-T to earlier lines of myeloma therapy, the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy convened a group of experts to provide a comprehensive review of the studies that led to the approval of CAR-T therapy in late-line therapy for myeloma, discuss the recently reported and ongoing studies designed to move CAR-T therapy to earlier lines of therapy, and share insights and considerations for sequencing therapy and optimization of patient selection for BCMA-directed therapies in current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry D Anderson
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Binod Dhakal
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tania Jain
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olalekan O Oluwole
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gunjan L Shah
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Surbhi Sidana
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Marcelo C Pasquini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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7
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Mo CC, Hartley-Brown MA, Midha S, Richardson PG. Upfront or Deferred Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Triplet and Quadruplet Induction and Minimal Residual Disease/Risk-Adapted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5709. [PMID: 38136255 PMCID: PMC10741557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The standards of care for the initial treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) who are eligible for high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM-ASCT) include highly active triplet and quadruplet regimens based on proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. These regimens are resulting in improved outcomes and increasingly high rates of minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative responses without HDM-ASCT as part of the upfront therapy. Furthermore, recent randomized studies have shown that, while transplant-based approaches as a frontline therapy result in significantly longer progression-free survival compared to non-transplant approaches, this has not translated into an overall survival benefit. Given these developments, and in the context of the treatment burden of undergoing HDM-ASCT, in addition to the acute toxicities and long-term sequelae of HDM, which are associated with the genotoxicity of melphalan, there is an increasing rationale for considering deferring upfront HDM-ASCT in select transplant-eligible patients and saving it as a treatment option for later salvage therapy. Here, we review the latest clinical trial data on upfront or deferred HDM-ASCT and on the activity of quadruplet induction regimens, including rates of MRD-negative responses, and summarize emerging treatment approaches in the upfront setting such as the use of MRD-directed therapy and alternatives to HDM-ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul G. Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana 1B02, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.C.M.); (M.A.H.-B.); (S.M.)
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8
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Suárez EU. Hottest topics in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a summary from the 8th International Transplant and Cellular Therapy Course. Clin Hematol Int 2023; 5:89034. [PMID: 37869470 PMCID: PMC10588818 DOI: 10.46989/001c.89034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin U Suárez
- Hematology Department Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Kanate AS, Majhail N, DeFilipp Z, Dhakal B, Dholaria B, Hamilton B, Herrera AF, Inamoto Y, Jain T, Perales MA, Carpenter PA, Hamadani M. Updated Indications for Immune Effector Cell Therapy: 2023 Guidelines from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:594-597. [PMID: 37422194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) published its guidelines on indications for autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and immune effector cell therapy (IECT) in 2020. Since then, we have witnessed rapid advancements in the field of IECT, resulting in several new chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) products and disease indications being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To keep abreast of these practice changes, the ASTCT Committee on Practice Guidelines commissioned a focused update covering CAR-T therapy indications. Here we present updated ASTCT recommendations on indications for CAR-T therapy. Only FDA-approved indications for CAR-T were recommended and categorized as "standard of care," where the indication is well defined and supported by evidence. The ASTCT will continue to periodically review these guidelines and update them as new evidence becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navneet Majhail
- Sarah Cannon Transplant and Cellular Therapy Network, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zachariah DeFilipp
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binod Dhakal
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Department of Hematology- Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex F Herrera
- Division of Lymphoma, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tania Jain
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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10
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Beksac M, Iacobelli S, Koster L, Cornelissen J, Griskevicius L, Rabin NK, Stoppa AM, Meijer E, Mear JB, Zeerleder S, Mayer J, Fenk R, Fegueux N, Chevallier P, Konirova E, Snowden JA, Engelhardt M, Orchard K, Hulin C, Schaap N, Sossa C, Elmaagacli A, McLornan DP, Hayden PJ, Schönland S, Yakoub-Agha I. An early post-transplant relapse prediction score in multiple myeloma: a large cohort study from the chronic malignancies working party of EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:916-923. [PMID: 37160942 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-01999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Early relapse (ER) following Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (AHCT) confers a poor prognosis. We therefore developed a novel scoring system to predict ER. A total of 14,367 AHCT-1 patients were transplanted between 2014 and 2019, and were conditioned with Melphalan 200 mg/m2 (Mel200) (n = 7228; 2014-2017) (training cohort); Mel200 (n = 5616; 2018-2019) or Mel140 (n = 1523; 2018-2019) (validation cohorts). PFS-12 and the Cumulative Incidence of Relapse at 12 months were 84.1% and 14.7% (training Mel200), 87.2% and 11.6% (validation Mel200), and 80.3% and 16.9% (validation Mel140), respectively. The points in the risk score were: 0, 1,2 for ISS stages I, II, and III; Disease status: 0 (CR/VGPR); 1 (PR); 2 (SD/MR); 4 (Relapse/Progression); and 1 for Karnofsky ≤ 70. The distribution of scores: 0 (24%), 1 (33.9%), 2 (29.6 %), 3 (9.5%), and ≥4 (2.7%). The score separated PFS-12, with the lowest risk group (n = 1752) having a PFS-12 of 91.7% and the highest risk group (n = 195) 57.1%. This also applied in cytogenetically high-risk patients. If the pre-score baseline risks are 15% (standard risk) and 25% (high-risk), a score of ≥4 confers calculated risks of 38% and 54%, respectively. This novel EBMT ER score, therefore, allows for the identification of five discrete prognostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Koster
- European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Leiden Study Unit, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Cornelissen
- Erasmus University Medical Center-Daniel Den Hoed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Neil K Rabin
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ellen Meijer
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jiri Mayer
- University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roland Fenk
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Orchard
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Nicolaas Schaap
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Sossa
- Clinica FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | | | | | - Patrick J Hayden
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Cailleteau A, Maingon P, Choquet S, Bourdais R, Antoni D, Lioure B, Hulin C, Batard S, Llagostera C, Guimas V, Touzeau C, Moreau P, Mahé MA, Supiot S. Phase 1 Study of the Combination of Escalated Total Marrow Irradiation Using Helical Tomotherapy and Fixed High-Dose Melphalan (140 mg/m²) Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation at First Relapse in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:677-685. [PMID: 36174802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A second intensification is an option at first relapse in multiple myeloma (MM) after more than 36 months of initial remission. Many conditioning regimens have been tested, with or without total body irradiation (TBI). Recently, it was found that TBI could be replaced by total marrow irradiation (TMI) using helical tomotherapy, with promising results. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study was a prospective multicenter phase 1 trial that aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TMI administered in association with melphalan 140 mg/m², followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation at first relapse in MM. Four dose levels were explored: 8 Gy, 10 Gy, 12 Gy, and 14 Gy. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade 4 neutropenia >15 days, grade 4 thrombopenia >28 days, and all other grade 4 nonhematologic toxic effects except nausea, vomiting, alopecia, mucositis, and reaction to autologous stem cell infusion. RESULTS Thirteen patients were included; only 1 DLT at the third escalated dose level (12 Gy) was observed, whereas 1 patient was treated at 14 Gy with no adverse events. The MTD was not reached. The rate of acute toxicity was low: 38% of grade 3-4 diarrhea, mucositis, or unexplained fever. Regarding the lungs, the mean dose administered was systematically less than 8 Gy. After a median follow-up of 55 months, 70% of participants were alive. Of these 13 patients, 38.5% were in very good partial response and 30.8% were in complete response. Three of them were progression-free. Six patients were long survivors, still alive after 55 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Total marrow irradiation provides good results with a good tolerance profile at first relapse in MM and makes it possible to increase the dose delivered to the planning target volume while sparing organs at risk. This technique could be discussed for all regimens before auto- or allo-stem cell rescue when TBI is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Cailleteau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, St-Herblain, France.
| | - Philippe Maingon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Bourdais
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Lioure
- Department of Hematology, ICANS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyrille Hulin
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, University Hospital Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Batard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Llagostera
- Physics Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, St-Herblain, France
| | - Valentine Guimas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, St-Herblain, France
| | - Cyrille Touzeau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France; Site de recherche intégrée sur le cancer (SIRIC), ILIAD INCA-DGOS-Inserm U12558, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Site de recherche intégrée sur le cancer (SIRIC), ILIAD INCA-DGOS-Inserm U12558, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Marc-André Mahé
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, St-Herblain, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, UMR 1232 Inserm - 6299 CNRS, Nantes, France
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Lad DP. Trends in Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Lessons for Resource-Challenged Regions. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1754373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh P. Lad
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Gagelmann N, Sureda A, Montoto S, Murray J, Bolaños N, Kenyon M, Beksac M, Schönland S, Hayden P, Scheurer H, Morgan K, Garderet L, McLornan DP, Ruggeri A. Access to and affordability of CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma: an EBMT position paper. Lancet Haematol 2022; 9:e786-e795. [PMID: 36174641 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(22)00226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic approach in the treatment of multiple myeloma, and the recent approval of the first two CAR T-cell products could result in improved outcomes. However, it remains a complex and expensive technology, which poses challenges to health-care systems and society in general, especially in times of crises. This potentially accelerates pre-existing inequalities as access to CAR T-cell therapy varies, both between countries, depending on the level of economic development, and within countries, due to structural disparities in access to quality health care-a parameter strongly correlated with socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and lifestyle. Here, we identify two important issues: affordability and access to CAR T-cell treatment. This consensus statement from clinical investigators, clinicians, nurses, and patients from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) proposes solutions as part of an innovative collaborative strategy to make CAR T-cell therapy accessible to all patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Gagelmann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Sureda
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Montoto
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John Murray
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Michelle Kenyon
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stefan Schönland
- Medical Department V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hayden
- Department of Hematology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Laurent Garderet
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Donal P McLornan
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Hematology and BMT Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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