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Herrero de la Parte B, Rodeño-Casado M, Iturrizaga Correcher S, Mar Medina C, García-Alonso I. Curcumin Reduces Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration and Slows In Vivo Growth of Liver Metastases in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091183. [PMID: 34572369 PMCID: PMC8467247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: New therapeutic approaches are an essential need for patients suffering from colorectal cancer liver metastases. Curcumin, a well-known plant-derived polyphenol, has been shown to play a role in the modulation of multiple signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of certain cancer cells in vitro. This study aims to assess the anti-tumor effect of curcumin on CC531 colorectal cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: On CC531 cultures, the cell viability and cell migration capacity were analyzed (wound healing test) 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with curcumin (15, 20, 25, or 30 µM). Additionally, in WAG/RijHsd tumor-bearing rats, the total and individual liver lobe tumor volume was quantified in untreated and curcumin-treated animals (200 mg/kg/day, oral). Furthermore, serum enzyme measurements (GOT, GPT, glucose, bilirubin, etc.) were carried out to assess the possible effects on the liver function. Results: In vitro studies showed curcumin’s greatest effects 48h after application, when all of the tested doses reduced cell proliferation by more than 30%. At 72 h, the highest doses of curcumin (25 and 30 µM) reduced cell viability to less than 50%. The wound healing test also showed that curcumin inhibits migration capacity. In vivo, curcumin slowed down the tumor volume of liver implants by 5.6-fold (7.98 ± 1.45 vs. 1.41 ± 1.33; p > 0.0001). Conclusions: Curcumin has shown an anti-tumor effect against liver implants from colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of The Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (I.G.-A.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Mikel Rodeño-Casado
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of The Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Sira Iturrizaga Correcher
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, ES48960 Galdakao, Spain; (S.I.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Mar Medina
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, ES48960 Galdakao, Spain; (S.I.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Ignacio García-Alonso
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of The Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (I.G.-A.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Gül N, Grewal S, Bögels M, van der Bij GJ, Koppes MMA, Oosterling SJ, Fluitsma DM, Hoeben KA, Beelen RHJ, van Egmond M. Macrophages mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion in the rat liver after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1517-1526. [PMID: 23264898 PMCID: PMC3525607 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical resection of primary colorectal cancer is associated with an enhanced risk of liver metastases. Moreover, bacterial translocation or anastomic leakage during resection has been shown to correlate with a poor long-term surgical outcome, suggesting that bacterial products may contribute to the formation of metastases. Driven by these premises, we investigated the role of the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the generation of liver metastases. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS led to enhanced tumor-cell adhesion to the rat liver as early as 1.5 h post-administration. Furthermore, a rapid loss of the expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was observed, suggesting that LPS disrupts the integrity of the microvasculature. LPS addition to endothelial-macrophage co-cultures damaged endothelial monolayers and caused the formation of intercellular gaps, which was accompanied by increased tumor-cell adhesion. These results suggest that macrophages are involved in the endothelial damage resulting from exposure to LPS. Interestingly, the expression levels of of ZO-1 were not affected by LPS treatment in rats in which liver macrophages had been depleted as well as in rats that had been treated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. In both settings, decreased tumor-cell adhesion was observed. Taken together, our findings indicate that LPS induces ROS release by macrophages, resulting in the damage of the vascular lining of the liver and hence allowing increased tumor-cell adherence. Thus, peri-operative treatments that prevent the activation of macrophages and—as a consequence—limit endothelial damage and tumor-cell adhesion may significantly improve the long-term outcome of cancer patients undergoing surgical tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Gül
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Reck dos Santos P, Sakamoto J, Chen M, Linacre V, Arce C, Liu M, Waddell TK, Keshavjee S, Cypel M. Modified In Vivo Lung Perfusion for Local Chemotherapy: A Preclinical Study With Doxorubicin. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:2132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pagès PB, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Bernard A. [Surgery for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer: Predictive factors for survival]. Rev Mal Respir 2016; 33:838-852. [PMID: 27133381 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is the 3rd commonest cause of death from cancer: 5% of patients will develop lung metastases. The management of oligometastatic disease is based on the objective of optimal local control. STATE OF THE ART To date, no results from randomized control trials support the resection of pulmonary metastases in oligometastastic colorectal cancer patients. However, numerous series, mainly retrospective, report long-term survival for highly selected patients, with 5-year survival ranging from 45 to 65% in the most recent series. The consensual predictive factors of a good prognosis are: a disease free-interval>36 months, a number of metastases≤3, a normal level of carcino-embryonic antigen and the absence of hilar or mediastinal lymph node involvement. PERSPECTIVES Around 20 to 40% of patients will develop recurrence, probably linked to the presence of undetectable micrometastases. Therefore, experimental work is being undertaken to develop new treatment techniques such as isolated lung perfusion, radiofrequency ablation and stereotactic radiation therapy. CONCLUSION Highly selected patients suffering from colorectal cancer lung metastases could benefit from resection with improved survival and disease-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-B Pagès
- Service de chirurgie cardiovasculaire et thoracique, CHU Bocage central, université de Bourgogne, 14, rue Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
| | - F Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, université Paris-Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Bernard
- Service de chirurgie cardiovasculaire et thoracique, CHU Bocage central, université de Bourgogne, 14, rue Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
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5
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Xu Z, Huo X, Tang C, Ye H, Nandakumar V, Lou F, Zhang D, Jiang S, Sun H, Dong H, Zhang G, Liu Z, Dong Z, Guo B, Yan H, Yan C, Wang L, Su Z, Li Y, Gu D, Zhang X, Wu X, Wei X, Hong L, Zhang Y, Yang J, Gong Y, Tang C, Jones L, Huang XF, Chen SY, Chen J. Frequent KIT mutations in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5907. [PMID: 25080996 PMCID: PMC4118194 DOI: 10.1038/srep05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying gene mutations in individual tumors is critical to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by matching targeted drugs to specific mutations. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are stromal or mesenchymal subepithelial neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract and frequently contain activating gene mutations in either KIT or platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFRA). Although GIST is highly responsive to several selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors, combined use of inhibitors targeting other mutations is needed to further prolong survival in patients with GIST. In this study, we aim to screen and identify genetic mutations in GIST for targeted therapy using the new Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing platform. Utilizing the Ion Ampliseq Cancer Panel, we sequenced 737 loci from 45 cancer-related genes using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 121 human gastrointestinal stromal tumors, set up stringent parameters for reliable variant calling by filtering out potential raw base calling errors, and identified frequent mutations in the KIT gene. This study demonstrates the utility of using Ion Torrent sequencing to efficiently identify human cancer mutations. This may provide a molecular basis for clinically developing new drugs targeting these gene mutations for GIST therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- 1] Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China [2]
| | - Xinying Huo
- 1] Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China [2]
| | | | - Hua Ye
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Feng Lou
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shouwen Jiang
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong Sun
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Haichao Dong
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | | | - Zhiyuan Liu
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhishou Dong
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Baishuai Guo
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - He Yan
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chaowei Yan
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lu Wang
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziyi Su
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- San Valley Biotechnology Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jinsong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yonglin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xue F Huang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Pagès PB, Facy O, Mordant P, Ladoire S, Magnin G, Lokiec F, Ghiringhelli F, Bernard A. Isolated lung perfusion as an adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer lung metastases: a preclinical study in a pig model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59485. [PMID: 23527205 PMCID: PMC3601104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is a frequent site of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. After surgical resection, lung metastases recurrences have been related to the presence of micrometastases, potentially accessible to a high dose chemotherapy administered via adjuvant isolated lung perfusion (ILP). We sought to determine in vitro the most efficient drug when administered to CRC cell lines during a short exposure and in vivo its immediate and delayed tolerance when administered via ILP. METHODS First, efficacy of various cytotoxic molecules against a panel of human CRC cell lines was tested in vitro using cytotoxic assay after a 30-minute exposure. Then, early (operative) and delayed (1 month) tolerance of two concentrations of the molecule administered via ILP was tested on 19 adult pigs using hemodynamic, biological and histological criteria. RESULTS In vitro, gemcitabine (GEM) was the most efficient drug against selected CRC cell lines. In vivo, GEM was administered via ILP at regular (20 µg/ml) or high (100 µg/ml) concentrations. GEM administration was associated with transient and dose-dependant pulmonary vasoconstriction, leading to a voluntary decrease in pump inflow in order to maintain a stable pulmonary artery pressure. After this modulation, ILP using GEM was not associated with any systemic leak, systemic damage, and acute or delayed histological pulmonary toxicity. Pharmacokinetics studies revealed dose-dependant uptake associated with heterogenous distribution of the molecule into the lung parenchyma, and persistent cytotoxicity of venous effluent. CONCLUSIONS GEM is effective against CRC cells even after a short exposure. ILP with GEM is a safe and reproducible technique.
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Den Hengst WA, Hendriks JMH, Van Hoof T, Heytens K, Guetens G, de Boeck G, Lardon F, Van Schil PEY. Selective pulmonary artery perfusion with melphalan is equal to isolated lung perfusion but superior to intravenous melphalan for the treatment of sarcoma lung metastases in a rodent model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42:341-7; discussion 347. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Erhunmwunsee L, D'Amico TA. Surgical management of pulmonary metastases. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 88:2052-60. [PMID: 19932302 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasectomy is the only curative option for some patients with secondary pulmonary malignancy. Many studies suggest a survival benefit in selected patients if complete resection of pulmonary metastases is accomplished. There are several operative approaches that may be used, with the goal of complete resection and with minimal parenchymal loss. Evaluation for resection must include ascertainment of control of the primary tumor and assessment of the ability to achieve complete resection. Minimally invasive approaches may offer advantages in quality of life outcomes, with equivalent oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Erhunmwunsee
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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9
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Müller H, Guadagni S. Regional Chemotherapy for Carcinoma of the Lung. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2008; 17:895-917, xi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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van Putte BP, Grootenboers M, van Boven WJ, Hendriks JMH, van Schil PEY, Guetens G, De Boeck G, Pasterkamp G, Schramel F, Folkerts G. Pharmacokinetics of Gemcitabine when Delivered by Selective Pulmonary Artery Perfusion for the Treatment of Lung Cancer. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:676-81. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.014639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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van Putte BP, Hendriks JMH, Guetens G, de Boeck G, de Bruijn EA, van Schil PEY, Folkerts G. Modified approach of administering cytostatics to the lung: more efficient isolated lung perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82:1033-7. [PMID: 16928530 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated lung perfusion (ILuP) is an experimental technique for the treatment of pulmonary metastases. We hypothesized that part of the drug taken up by the lung during ILuP is washed out during the flush procedure. Therefore, we investigated gemcitabine uptake at different inflow concentrations, and the effect of delayed clamp release after ILuP on lung levels was studied. METHODS Thirty rats had ILuP during 30 minutes using gemcitabine perfusate levels of 1.3, 2.7, 4.0, 5.3, and 6.7 mg/mL. Another 37 rats underwent ILuP with gemcitabine perfusate levels of 6.7 mg/mL during 6 minutes followed by a 5-minute flush and 30 or 60 minutes of reperfusion, while two other groups had ILuP and delayed clamp release for 30 or 60 minutes followed by a 5-minute flush. All effluent and lung samples were stored for later analysis. Results were evaluated using Friedmann two-way analysis and two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS At 6 minutes, steady-state of gemcitabine uptake was achieved for all inflow concentrations and a linear relation (r = 0.933, p < 0.0001) between effluent and lung levels was observed. Delayed clamp release resulted in significantly higher lung levels compared with immediate restoration of blood circulation after ILuP (456% at 30 minutes and 828% at 60 minutes). CONCLUSIONS Effective gemcitabine lung levels are already achieved after 6 minutes of ILuP with 6.7 mg/mL followed by delayed clamp release during 30 minutes instead of the clinically applied 30 minutes ILuP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/analysis
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion/instrumentation
- Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion/methods
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/analysis
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacokinetics
- Diffusion
- Lung/chemistry
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Therapeutic Irrigation
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart P van Putte
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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12
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Hendriks JMH, Van Putte BP, Grootenboers M, Van Boven WJ, Schramel F, Van Schil PEY. Isolated lung perfusion for pulmonary metastases. Thorac Surg Clin 2006; 16:185-98, vii. [PMID: 16805207 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Isolated lung perfusion is an experimental surgical technique evaluated for the delivery of high-dose chemotherapy to improve 5-year survival after pulmonary metastasectomy. Extensive experimental work in animal models has demonstrated superior pharmacokinetics and efficacy compared with systemic therapy. Phase I clinical trials of isolated lung perfusion found a maximum tolerated dose**** of TNF-alpha, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and melphalan, whereas the combination of isolated lung perfusion with a complete metastasectomy was feasible. The combination of isolated lung perfusion and regional lung perfusion techniques needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen M H Hendriks
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650, Edegem, Belgium.
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Fitzgerald JB, Schoeberl B, Nielsen UB, Sorger PK. Systems biology and combination therapy in the quest for clinical efficacy. Nat Chem Biol 2006; 2:458-66. [PMID: 16921358 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial control of biological processes, in which redundancy and multifunctionality are the norm, fundamentally limits the therapeutic index that can be achieved by even the most potent and highly selective drugs. Thus, it will almost certainly be necessary to use new 'targeted' pharmaceuticals in combinations. Multicomponent drugs are standard in cytotoxic chemotherapy, but their development has required arduous empirical testing. However, experimentally validated numerical models should greatly aid in the formulation of new combination therapies, particularly those tailored to the needs of specific patients. This perspective focuses on opportunities and challenges inherent in the application of mathematical modeling and systems approaches to pharmacology, specifically with respect to the idea of achieving combinatorial selectivity through use of multicomponent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Fitzgerald
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, One Kendall Square, Building 700 2nd floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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14
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Van Putte BP, Kesecioglu J, Hendriks JMH, Persy VP, van Marck E, Van Schil PEY, De Broe ME. Cellular infiltrates and injury evaluation in a rat model of warm pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2004; 9:R1-8. [PMID: 15693961 PMCID: PMC1065100 DOI: 10.1186/cc2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Beside lung transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass, isolated lung perfusion and sleeve resection result in serious pulmonary ischemia–reperfusion injury, clinically known as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Very little is known about cells infiltrating the lung during ischemia–reperfusion. Therefore, a model of warm ischemia–reperfusion injury was applied to differentiate cellular infiltrates and to quantify tissue damage. Methods Fifty rats were randomized into eight groups. Five groups underwent warm ischemia for 60 min followed by 30 min and 1–4 hours of warm reperfusion. An additional group was flushed with the use of isolated lung perfusion after 4 hours of reperfusion. One of two sham groups was also flushed. Neutrophils and oedema were investigated by using samples processed with hematoxylin/eosin stain at a magnification of ×500. Immunohistochemistry with antibody ED-1 (magnification ×250) and antibody 1F4 (magnification ×400) was applied to visualize macrophages and T cells. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling was used for detecting apoptosis. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Results Neutrophils were increased after 30 min until 4 hours of reperfusion as well as after flushing. A doubling in number of macrophages and a fourfold increase in T cells were observed after 30 min until 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion, respectively. Apoptosis with significant oedema in the absence of necrosis was seen after 30 min to 4 hours of reperfusion. Conclusions After warm ischemia–reperfusion a significant increase in infiltration of neutrophils, T cells and macrophages was observed. This study showed apoptosis with serious oedema in the absence of necrosis after all periods of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart P Van Putte
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jozef Kesecioglu
- Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Emergency Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen MH Hendriks
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle P Persy
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Emergency Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Marck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul EY Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc E De Broe
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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