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Wang J, Luo Z, Lin L, Sui X, Yu L, Xu C, Zhang R, Zhao Z, Zhu Q, An B, Wang Q, Chen B, Leung ELH, Wu Q. Anoikis-Associated Lung Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194791. [PMID: 36230714 PMCID: PMC9564242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anoikis is a programmed cell death process resulting from the loss of interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome anoikis when tumor cells acquire metastatic potential. In lung cancer, the composition of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion-related membrane proteins, cytoskeletal regulators, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition are involved in the process of anoikis, and the initiation of apoptosis signals is a critical step in anoikis. Inversely, activation of growth signals counteracts anoikis. This review summarizes the regulators of lung cancer-related anoikis and explores potential drug applications targeting anoikis. Abstract Tumor metastasis occurs in lung cancer, resulting in tumor progression and therapy failure. Anoikis is a mechanism of apoptosis that combats tumor metastasis; it inhibits the escape of tumor cells from the native extracellular matrix to other organs. Deciphering the regulators and mechanisms of anoikis in cancer metastasis is urgently needed to treat lung cancer. Several natural and synthetic products exhibit the pro-anoikis potential in lung cancer cells and in vivo models. These products include artonin E, imperatorin, oroxylin A, lupalbigenin, sulforaphane, renieramycin M, avicequinone B, and carbenoxolone. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of anoikis regulation and relevant regulators involved in lung cancer metastasis and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting anoikis in the treatment of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhijie Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, The First Hospital Affiliated, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, The First Hospital Affiliated, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Cong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qianru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bo An
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (E.L.-H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China
- Correspondence: (E.L.-H.L.); (Q.W.)
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Liu WX, Yang L, Yan HM, Yan LN, Zhang XL, Ma N, Tang LM, Gao X, Liu DW. Germline Variants and Genetic Interactions of Several EMT Regulatory Genes Increase the Risk of HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:564477. [PMID: 34178612 PMCID: PMC8226114 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.564477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that germline variants in the major EMT regulatory genes (SNAIL1, ZEB1, ZEB2, TWIST1) may influence the development of HBV-related HCC. We included 421 cases of HBsAg-positive patients with HCC, 1371 cases of HBsAg-positive subjects without HCC [patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or liver cirrhosis (LC)] and 618 cases of healthy controls in the case-control study. Genotype, allele, and haplotype associations in the major EMT regulatory genes were tested. Environment-gene and gene-gene interactions were analysed using the non-parametric model-free multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The SNAIL1rs4647958T>C was associated with a significantly increased risk of both HCC (CT+CC vs. TT: OR=1.559; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.073-2.264; P=0.020) and CHB+LC (CT+CC vs. TT: OR=1.509; 95% CI, 1.145-1.988; P=0.003). Carriers of the TWIST1rs2285681G>C (genotypes CT+CC) had an increased risk of HCC (CG+CC vs. GG: OR=1.407; 95% CI, 1.065-1.858; P=0.016). The ZEB2rs3806475T>C was associated with significantly increased risk of both HCC (P recessive =0.001) and CHB+LC (P recessive<0.001). The CG haplotype of the rs4647958/rs1543442 haplotype block was associated with significant differences between healthy subjects and HCC patients (P=0.0347). Meanwhile, the CT haplotype of the rs2285681/rs2285682 haplotype block was associated with significant differences between CHB+LC and HCC patients (P=0.0123). In MDR analysis, the combination of TWIST1rs2285681, ZEB2rs3806475, SNAIL1rs4647958 exhibited the most significant association with CHB+LC and Health control in the three-locus model. Our results suggest significant single-gene associations and environment-gene/gene-gene interactions of EMT-related genes with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Min Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Na Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long-Mei Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dian-Wu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kolinsky MP, Stoecklein N, Lambros M, Gil V, Rodrigues DN, Carreira S, Zafeiriou Z, de Bono JS. Genetic Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 215:57-76. [PMID: 31605223 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The classification of human cancers has traditionally relied on the tissue of origin, the histologic appearance and anatomical extent of disease, otherwise referred to as grade and stage. However, this system fails to explain the highly variable clinical behaviour seen for any one cancer. Molecular characterization through techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) has led to an appreciation of the extreme genetic heterogeneity that underlies most human cancers. Because of the difficulties associated with fresh tissue biopsy, interest has increased in using circulating tumour material, such as circulating tumour cells (CTCs), as a non-invasive way to access tumour tissue. CTC enumeration has been demonstrated to have prognostic value in metastatic breast, colon and prostate cancers. Recent studies have also shown that CTCs are suitable material for molecular characterization, using techniques such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and NGS. Furthermore, genetic analysis of CTCs may be more suitable to study tumour heterogeneity and clonal evolution than fresh tissue biopsy. Whether blood-based biopsy techniques will be accepted as a replacement to fresh tissue biopsies remains to be seen, but there is reason for optimism. While significant barriers to this acceptance exist, blood-based biopsy techniques appear to be reliable and representative alternatives to fresh tissue biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Paul Kolinsky
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T61Z2, Canada
| | | | - Maryou Lambros
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Veronica Gil
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Zafeiris Zafeiriou
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Johann Sebastian de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK.
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N-Acetyltransferase 10 Enhances Doxorubicin Resistance in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines by Promoting the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7561879. [PMID: 31354912 PMCID: PMC6636470 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7561879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background N-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has been reported to be expressed at high levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its role in chemoresistance is unclear. This study is aimed at investigating whether NAT10 regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance in HCC. Methods HCC cell lines (Huh-7, Bel-7402, SNU387, and SNU449) were treated with remodelin, an inhibitor of NAT10, or transfected with small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) targeting NAT10 or Twist. The EMT was induced by hypoxia. The CCK-8 assay was used to quantify cell viability, the EdU incorporation assay to assess cell proliferation. siRNA knockdown efficiency and epithelial/mesenchymal marker expression were assessed by western blotting. Results Knockdown of NAT10 using siRNA or inhibition of NAT10 using remodelin increased the sensitivity of HCC cell lines to doxorubicin; similar effects were observed in cells transfected with the Twist siRNA. Inhibition of NAT10 using remodelin also reversed the ability of doxorubicin to induce the EMT in HCC cells. Furthermore, inhibiting NAT10 reversed the hypoxia-induced EMT. Finally, we confirmed that combining doxorubicin with remodelin delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor cell proliferation in a mouse xenograft model of HCC. Conclusions NAT10 may contribute to chemoresistance in HCC by regulating the EMT. The mechanism by which NAT10 regulates the EMT and doxorubicin sensitivity in HCC cells merits further investigation.
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Lin TY, Tseng AJ, Qiu WL, Chao CH, Lu MK. A sulfated glucan from Antrodia cinnamomea reduces Slug expression through regulation of TGFβ/AKT/GSK3β axis in lung cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:175-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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The Impact of Postoperative Complications on a Timely Return to Intended Oncologic Therapy (RIOT): the Role of Enhanced Recovery in the Cancer Journey. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2018; 54:e33-46. [PMID: 27623128 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gankyrin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in NSCLC through forming a closed circle with IL-6/ STAT3 and TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5909-5923. [PMID: 27992365 PMCID: PMC5351600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that Gankyrin was overexpressed in NSCLC and significantly associated with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis. In this study, we will explore potential effect of Gankyrin on EMT and metastasis in NSCLC. The ectopic higher expression of Gankyrin markedly increased the migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. In contrast, silencing Gankyrin inhibit this aggressive behavior in NSCLC cells. Further study demonstrated that overexpression of Gankyrin could decrease E-cadherin expression and increase expression of Vimentin and Twist1 at mRNA and protein levels. These data indicated that Gankyrin could facilitate occurrence and development of EMT. Also IHC analysis showed that Gankyrin expression was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression, while positively correlated with Vimentin and Twist1 expression in NSCLC tissues. The mechanism study finally suggested that the Gankyrin-driven EMT was partially due to IL-6/p-STAT3 and TGF-β/p-SMAD3 pathways activation. Taken together, our data provided a novel mechanism of Gankyrin promoting EMT and metastasis in NSCLC through forming a closed circle with IL-6/p-STAT3 and TGF-β/p-SMAD3 signaling pathway.
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Wang Y, Li JJ, Chen YM. Biochanin A extirpates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a human lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2830-2836. [PMID: 29456686 PMCID: PMC5795497 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural iso-flavonoid, biochanin A, is categorized as a phytoestrogen and has been demonstrated to exhibit various pharmacological properties. However, no effects of biochanin A on lung cancer cell lines have been reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to demonstrate whether biochanin A has the ability to reduce lung cancer triggered pro-inflammatory effects from leukemic monocytes. We studied the release of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, from the cocultured cells of A427:AML-193. In addition to this, epithelial-mesenchymal transition was also monitored. In the cocultured A427 and AML-193, AML-193 was stimulated by A427 cells assisting the release of TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, but the addition of A427 with biochanin A reduced A427-triggered generation of cytokines by AML-193. Moreover, this non-functional A427:AML-193 coculture reduced the metastasis effects of A427 cells, as determined by wound healing assays and migration/invasion assays. These results were further confirmed by a reduction in Snail and E-cadherin expression levels, which are indicators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings suggest the therapeutic effect of biochanin A against lung cancer evoked inflammation and pro-inflammatory functions from monocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Kim BJ, Aloia TA. What Is "Enhanced Recovery," and How Can I Do It? J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:164-171. [PMID: 29067620 PMCID: PMC5784849 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery (ER) and fast-track protocols were initially implemented in the perioperative management of the surgical patient over 20 years ago. These standardized protocols are now broadly implemented across most surgical specialties for its many benefits. ER is well known for its positive effects on decreasing length of stay and complications. However, patient-centric outcomes for adequate pain control, functional recovery, costs, and overall patient experience are less considered. HOW I DO IT A successful ER foundation stands on the pillars of several perioperative care principles: early feeding, early ambulation, goal-directed fluid therapy, and opiate-sparing analgesia. Moreover, it requires a multi-disciplinary team buy-in (including patient and family) that must also be thoughtfully executed. The following is a review of key elements within successful evidence-based ER protocols and relevant concepts to consider when starting a successful enhanced recovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford J. Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas A. Aloia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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The suppressive role of miR-542-5p in NSCLC: the evidence from clinical data and in vivo validation using a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:655. [PMID: 28927388 PMCID: PMC5606087 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the highest cancer-related mortality for decades. To enhance the efficiency of early diagnosis and therapy, more efforts are urgently needed to reveal the origins of NSCLC. In this study, we explored the effect of miR-542-5p in NSCLC with clinical samples and in vivo models and further explored the prospective function of miR-542-5p though bioinformatics methods. Methods A total of 125 NSCLC tissue samples were collected, and the expression of miR-542-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-542-5p level and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The effect of miR-542-5p on survival time was also explored with K-M survival curves and Cox’s regression. The effect of miR-542-5p on the tumorigenesis of NSCLC was verified with a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The potential target genes were predicted by bioinformatics tools, and relevant pathways were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Several hub genes were validated by Proteinatlas. Results The expression of miR-542-5p was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues, and consistent results were also found in the subgroups of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Down-regulation of miR-542-5p was found to be connected with advanced TNM stage, vascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis and EGFR. Survival analyses showed that patients with lower miR-542-5p levels had markedly poorer prognosis. Both tumor growth and angiogenesis were significantly suppressed by miR-542-5p mimic in the CAM model. The potential 457 target genes of miR-542-5p were enriched in several key cancer-related pathways, such as morphine addiction and the cAMP signaling pathway from KEGG. Interestingly, six genes (GABBR1, PDE4B, PDE4C, ADCY6, ADCY1 and GIPR) from the cAMP signaling pathway were confirmed to be overexpressed in NSCLCs tissues. Conclusions This evidence suggests that miR-542-5p is a potential tumor-suppressed miRNA in NSCLC, which has the potential to act as a diagnostic and therapeutic target of NSCLC.
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Wang EX, Zou BY, Shi L, Du LY, Zhu YY, Jiang YM, Ma XD, Kang XH, Wang CY, Zhen YH, Sun LD. 7-O-geranylquercetin-induced autophagy contributes to apoptosis via ROS generation in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Life Sci 2017; 180:102-113. [PMID: 28495516 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the antitumor effects of 7-O-geranylquercetin (GQ), a novel O-alkylated derivative of quercetin, against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and NCI-H1975 and the corresponding mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy was measured using western blotting. Besides, apoptosis was determined with DAPI staining, Annexin V-PI staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, and autophagy was observed with TEM assay. Cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected using flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS GQ inhibited viability of A549 and NCI-H1975 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner without apparent cytotoxicity to normal human lung fibroblast cells. GQ down-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins pro-caspase 3 and Bcl-2, and up-regulated the expression of cleaved-PARP and Bax in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells. Meanwhile, GQ-induced cell apoptosis could be attenuated by caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Besides, GQ induced autophagosome formation in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells, promoted the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin 1, and suppressed the expression of p62. Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine or Beclin 1 siRNA could effectively inhibit GQ-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, GQ treatment increased the generation of ROS, and ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine could reverse GQ-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, GQ could induce apoptosis and autophagy via ROS generation in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells, and GQ-induced autophagy contributed to apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight that GQ is a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Xia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo-Yang Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lin-Ying Du
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ya-Meng Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Li-Dan Sun
- Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116001, China.
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Ling Zhi-8 reduces lung cancer mobility and metastasis through disruption of focal adhesion and induction of MDM2-mediated Slug degradation. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:340-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Expression profiling of angiogenesis-related genes in brain metastases of lung cancer and melanoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1173-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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PARK DONGHO, JEON HYOSUNG, LEE SOOYOUNG, CHOI YIYOUNG, LEE HAEWOO, YOON SEONGKYU, LEE JAECHEL, YOON YOOSANG, KIM DAESUNG, NA MOONJUN, KWON SUNJUNG, KIM DONGSUN, KANG JAEKU, PARK JAEYONG, SON JIWOONG. MicroRNA-146a inhibits epithelial mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting insulin receptor substrate 2. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1545-53. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Singleton PA, Moss J, Karp DD, Atkins JT, Janku F. The mu opioid receptor: A new target for cancer therapy? Cancer 2015; 121:2681-8. [PMID: 26043235 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mu opioids are among the most widely used drugs for patients with cancer with both acute and chronic pain as well as in the perioperative period. Several retrospective studies have suggested that opioid use might promote tumor progression and as a result negatively impact survival in patients with advanced cancer; however, in the absence of appropriate prospective validation, any changes in recommendations for opioid use are not warranted. In this review, the authors present preclinical and clinical data that support their hypothesis that the mu opioid receptor is a potential target for cancer therapy because of its plausible role in tumor progression. The authors also propose the hypothesis that peripheral opioid antagonists such as methylnaltrexone, which reverses the peripheral effects of mu opioids but maintains centrally mediated analgesia and is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation, can be used to target the mu opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Singleton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Clinical Translational Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johnique T Atkins
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Filip Janku
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Kim EJ, Kim HJ, Park MK, Kang GJ, Byun HJ, Lee H, Lee CH. Cardamonin Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition via Restoring Protein Phosphatase 2A Expression. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:141-8. [PMID: 25767682 PMCID: PMC4354315 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in metastasis and implicated in the phenotype of cancer stem cells. Therefore, understanding and controlling EMT, are essential to the prevention and cure of metastasis. In the present study, we examined, by Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and confocal microscopy, the effects of cardamonin (CDN) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. TGF-β1 induced expression of N-cadherin and decreased expression of E-cadherin. CDN suppressed N-cadherin expression and restored E-cadherin expression. Further, TGF-β1 induced migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells, which was suppressed by CDN. TGF-β1 induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation during EMT, but CDN blocked it. Protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression in A549 cancer cells was reduced by TGF-β1 but CDN restored it. The overall data suggested that CDN suppresses TGF-β1-induced EMT via PP2A restoration, making it a potential new drug candidate that controls metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Jin Kang
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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Tognela A, Spring KJ, Becker T, Caixeiro NJ, Bray VJ, Yip PY, Chua W, Lim SH, de Souza P. Predictive and prognostic value of circulating tumor cell detection in lung cancer: a clinician's perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 93:90-102. [PMID: 25459665 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a "liquid biopsy" for early detection of lung cancer recurrence, prognosticating disease and monitoring treatment response. Further, CTC molecular analysis and interrogation of single cells hold significant potential in providing insights into tumor biology and the metastatic process. Ongoing research will likely see the translation of CTCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in both small cell, and non-small cell, lung cancer to routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Tognela
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia; Macarthur Clinical School, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown 2560, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown 2560, Australia.
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Therese Becker
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Nicole J Caixeiro
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Victoria J Bray
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Po Yee Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown 2560, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Stephanie H Lim
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia; South West Sydney Translational Cancer Research Unit, Liverpool 2170, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia; Macarthur Clinical School, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown 2560, Australia
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18
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Cincin ZB, Unlu M, Kiran B, Bireller ES, Baran Y, Cakmakoglu B. Molecular mechanisms of quercitrin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:445-54. [PMID: 25193878 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quercitrin (QR; quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) has been used previously as an antibacterial agent and has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and prevent an allergic reaction. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that quercitrin exerts protective effects against H2O2-induced dysfunction in lung fibroblast cells. However, the mechanisms of quercitrin effects on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis is not well understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of quercitrin and the molecular mechanisms of quercitrin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. METHODS Time- and dose-dependent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of quercitrin determined by WST-1 cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay, determination of nucleosome enrichment factor, changes in caspase-3 activity, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and also the localization of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane. Changes in whole genome gene expression levels were examined by Illumina Human HT-12v4 beadchip microarrays. RESULTS There were significant increases in caspase-3 activity, loss of MMP, and increases in apoptotic cell population in response to quercitrin in A549 and NCI-H358 NSCLC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that genes involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration, cell adhesion and phosphatidylinositol signaling system pathways were the most statistically significant pathways in NCI-H358 and A549 cells. These results revealed that quercitrin has antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on lung cancer cells by modulating the immune response. After confirming its anticarcinogenic effects in vivo, quercitrin could be a novel and strong anticancer agent against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Birsu Cincin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Miray Unlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bayram Kiran
- Department of Biology, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Elif Sinem Bireller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bedia Cakmakoglu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Han N, Guo S, Xiao T, Cheng S, Gao Y, Zhang K. [α-Enolase (ENO1) inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the A549 cell line
by suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 16:221-6. [PMID: 23676977 PMCID: PMC6000606 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
背景与目的 已有的研究表明:上皮间质转换(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)是非小细胞肺癌发展和转移的一个重要过程,受到众多信号通路的精细调节。经典的丝裂原活化激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK)信号通路是转化生长因子(transforming growth factor β, TGFβ)诱导EMT发生的必要条件。本研究以非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549为模型,对烯醇化酶(enolase-1, ENO1)影响细胞EMT过程的分子机制进行了初步研究。 方法 建立稳定过表达ENO1的A549细胞,用划痕实验检测细胞运动能力;用Western blot技术检测EMT过程相关分子标志物的变化;通过TGFβ-1诱导实验检测ENO1过表达对EMT的影响;通过上皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF)诱导实验和Western blot检测ENO1过表达引起胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal regulated protein kinase, ERK)磷酸化的改变。 结果 ENO1过表达抑制A549细胞侧向迁移能力。ENO1过表达还会引起上皮样标志物E-cadherin表达上调,同时间质样标志物N-cadherin和Vimentin表达下降;TGFβ-1诱导实验也证实了ENO1对EMT进程的抑制作用。EGF活化实验显示ENO1对ERK磷酸化的抑制作用。 结论 在非小细胞肺癌细胞中,ENO1具有抑制细胞EMT的作用,且很可能是通过抑制MAPK通路来实现。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Cancer Institute, Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Lennon FE, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev B, Poroyko VA, Salgia R, Moss J, Singleton PA. The Mu opioid receptor promotes opioid and growth factor-induced proliferation, migration and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in human lung cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91577. [PMID: 24662916 PMCID: PMC3963855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies implying differences in cancer recurrence based on anesthetic regimens raise the possibility that the mu opioid receptor (MOR) can influence cancer progression. Based on our previous observations that overexpression of MOR in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells increased tumor growth and metastasis, this study examined whether MOR regulates growth factor receptor signaling and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human NSCLC cells. We utilized specific siRNA, shRNA, chemical inhibitors and overexpression vectors in human H358 NSCLC cells that were either untreated or treated with various concentrations of DAMGO, morphine, fentanyl, EGF or IGF. Cell function assays, immunoblot and immunoprecipitation assays were then performed. Our results indicate MOR regulates opioid and growth factor-induced EGF receptor signaling (Src, Gab-1, PI3K, Akt and STAT3 activation) which is crucial for consequent human NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. In addition, human NSCLC cells treated with opioids, growth factors or MOR overexpression exhibited an increase in snail, slug and vimentin and decrease ZO-1 and claudin-1 protein levels, results consistent with an EMT phenotype. Further, these effects were reversed with silencing (shRNA) or chemical inhibition of MOR, Src, Gab-1, PI3K, Akt and STAT3 (p<0.05). Our data suggest a possible direct effect of MOR on opioid and growth factor-signaling and consequent proliferation, migration and EMT transition during lung cancer progression. Such an effect provides a plausible explanation for the epidemiologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E. Lennon
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Valeriy A. Poroyko
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Singleton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Yang L, Yang X, Ji W, Deng J, Qiu F, Yang R, Fang W, Zhang L, Huang D, Xie C, Zhang H, Zhong N, Ran P, Zhou Y, Lu J. Effects of a functional variant c.353T>C in snai1 on risk of two contextual diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:139-48. [PMID: 24354880 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201307-1355oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. OBJECTIVES There are five major EMT regulatory genes (Snai1, Slug, Zeb1, Zeb2, and Twist1) involved in EMT. We hypothesized that germline variants in these genes may influence the development of both diseases. METHODS Seven genetic variants were genotyped in two two-stage case-control studies with 2,072 lung cancer cases and 2,077 control subjects, and 1,791 patients with COPD and 1,940 control subjects to show their associations with development of both diseases. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS An exon variant c.353T>C(p.Val118Ala) of Snai1 harbored decreased risks of lung cancer (CT/CC vs. TT: odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.90) and COPD (CC vs. CT vs. TT: OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89), and c.353T>C affected lung cancer risk indirectly through COPD (COPD accounted for 6.78% of effect that the variant had on lung cancer). Moreover, c.353T>C was correlated with lung cancer stages in smoking patients (P = 0.013), and those with the c.353C genotypes were less likely to have metastasis at diagnosis than those with the c.353TT genotype (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.88). The c.353C allele encoding p.118Ala attenuated Snai1's ability to up-regulate mesenchymal biomarkers (i.e., fibronectin and vimentin) expression, and to promote EMT-like changes, including morphologic changes, cell migration, and invasion. However, these effects were not observed for the other variants. CONCLUSIONS The functional germline variant c.353T>C (p.Val118Ala) of Snai1 confers consistently decreased risks of lung cancer and COPD, and this variant affects lung cancer risk through a mediation effect of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- 1 The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and
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22
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Opitz I, Bueno R, Lim E, Pass H, Pastorino U, Boeri M, Rocco G. Biomolecular and clinical practice in malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer: what thoracic surgeons should know. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:602-6. [PMID: 24623168 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, molecular-profile-directed therapy is a guiding principle of modern thoracic oncology. The knowledge of new biomolecular technology applied to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of lung cancer and mesothelioma should be part of the 21st century thoracic surgeons' professional competence. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Biology Club aims at providing a comprehensive insight into the basic biology of the diseases we are treating. During the 2013 ESTS Annual Meeting, different experts of the field presented the current knowledge about diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma including new perspectives as well as the role and potential application of microRNA and genomic sequencing for lung cancer, which are summarized in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Opitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Lim
- Imperial College and the Academic Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Instituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Mateen S, Raina K, Agarwal R. Chemopreventive and anti-cancer efficacy of silibinin against growth and progression of lung cancer. Nutr Cancer 2014; 65 Suppl 1:3-11. [PMID: 23682778 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.785004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of systemic chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular-targeted therapies in the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer has its limitations due to the associated acute and cumulative dose limiting toxicities and acquisition of drug resistance. Prevention and therapeutic intervention by dietary agents including nutraceuticals which are non-toxic, cost-effective, and physiologically bioavailable, are emerging approaches in lung cancer management. In this regard, silibinin, a natural flavonolignan, has been rigorously evaluated for the prevention and growth control of lung cancer through extensive in vitro and in vivo studies. Successful studies conducted so far, have established that silibinin is effective both alone and in combination with other agents (e.g., chemotherapeutic and epigenetic agents) in significantly inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells. In vivo, its effects have been shown to be mediated through inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis and epigenetic-related events. Therefore, the present review focuses on encompassing the efficacy and mechanisms of silibinin against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Mateen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, C238, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Resolvin D1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition of A549 lung cancer cells via lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 and GPR32. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2801-7. [PMID: 24120851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a key event for tumor cells to initiate metastasis which lead to switching of E-cadherin to N-cadherin. Resolvins are known to promote the resolution of inflammation and phagocytosis of macrophages. However, the role of resolvins in EMT of cancer is not known. Therefore, we examined the effects of resolvins on transforming growth factor, beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT. Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Involvement of lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2) was examined by gene silencing. TGF-β1 induced expression of N-cadherin in A549 lung cancer cells, and resolvin D1 and D2 inhibited the expression of N-cadherin at low concentrations (1-100 nM). Resolvin D1 and D2 also suppressed the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The effects of resolvin D1 and D2 were confirmed in other lung cancer cell lines such as H838, H1299, and H1703. Resolvin D1 and D2 did not affect the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. Resolvin D1 and D2 also suppressed the TGF-β1-induced morphological change. Resolvin D1 and D2 also inhibited the TGF-β1-induced migration and invasion of A549 cells. Resolvin D1 is known to act via ALX/FPR2 and GPR32. Thus, we examined the involvement of ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 in the suppressive effects of resolvin D1 on TGF-β1-induced EMT of A549 cells. Gene silencing of ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 blocked the action of resolvin D1. Overexpression of ALX/FPR2 or GPR32 increased the effects of resolvin D1. These results suggest that resolvin D1 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT via ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 by reducing the expression of ZEB1.
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25
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Lauand C, Rezende-Teixeira P, Cortez BA, Niero ELDO, Machado-Santelli GM. Independent of ErbB1 gene copy number, EGF stimulates migration but is not associated with cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:38. [PMID: 23631593 PMCID: PMC3655000 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer often exhibits molecular changes, such as the overexpression of the ErbB1 gene. ErbB1 encodes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, involved mainly in cell proliferation and survival. EGFR overexpression has been associated with more aggressive disease, poor prognosis, low survival rate and low response to therapy. ErbB1 amplification and mutation are associated with tumor development and are implicated in ineffective treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ErbB1 copy number affects EGFR expression, cell proliferation or cell migration by comparing two different cell lines. Methods The copies of ErbB1 gene was evaluated by FISH. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to determine location and expression of proteins mentioned in the present study. Proliferation was studied by flow cytometry and cell migration by wound healing assay and time lapse. Results We investigated the activation and function of EGFR in the A549 and HK2 lung cancer cell lines, which contain 3 and 6 copies of ErbB1, respectively. The expression of EGFR was lower in the HK2 cell line. EGFR was activated after stimulation with EGF in both cell lines, but this activation did not promote differences in cellular proliferation when compared to control cells. Inhibiting EGFR with AG1478 did not modify cellular proliferation, confirming previous data. However, we observed morphological alterations, changes in microfilament organization and increased cell migration upon EGF stimulation. However, these effects did not seem to be consequence of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusion EGFR expression did not appear to be associated to the ErbB1 gene copy number, and neither of these aspects appeared to affect cell proliferation. However, EGFR activation by EGF resulted in cell migration stimulation in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lauand
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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26
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miR-194 suppresses metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer through regulating expression of BMP1 and p27kip1. Oncogene 2013; 33:1506-14. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Mateen S, Raina K, Agarwal C, Chan D, Agarwal R. Silibinin synergizes with histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in upregulating E-cadherin expression together with inhibition of migration and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:206-14. [PMID: 23461975 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.203471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive cancers in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phase are characterized by loss of cell adhesion, repression of E-cadherin, and increased cell mobility. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differs in basal level of E-cadherin; predominantly exhibiting silenced expression due to epigenetic-related modifications. Accordingly, effective treatments are needed to modulate these epigenetic events that in turn can positively regulate E-cadherin levels. Herein, we investigated silibinin, a natural flavonolignan with anticancer efficacy against lung cancer, either alone or in combination with epigenetic therapies to modulate E-cadherin expression in a panel of NSCLC cell lines. Silibinin combined with HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A [TSA; 7-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxohepta-2,4-dienamide] or DNMT inhibitor 5'-Aza-deoxycytidine (Aza) significantly restored E-cadherin levels in NSCLC cells harboring epigenetically silenced E-cadherin expression. These combination treatments also strongly decreased the invasion/migration of these cells, which further emphasized the biologic significance of E-cadherin restoration. Treatment of NSCLC cells, with basal E-cadherin levels, by silibinin further increased the E-cadherin expression and inhibited their migratory and invasive potential. Additional studies showed that silibinin alone as well as in combination with TSA or Aza downmodulate the expression of Zeb1, which is a major transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. Overall these findings demonstrate the potential of combinatorial treatments of silibinin with HDAC or DNMT inhibitor to modulate EMT events in NSCLC cell lines, leading to a significant inhibition in their migratory and invasive potentials. These results are highly significant, since loss of E-cadherin and metastatic spread of the disease via EMT is associated with poor prognosis and high mortalities in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Mateen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, C238, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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28
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Transglutaminase-2 induces N-cadherin expression in TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition via c-Jun-N-terminal kinase activation by protein phosphatase 2A down-regulation. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:1692-705. [PMID: 23290789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a key event for tumour cells to initiate metastasis leading to switching of E-cadherin to N-cadherin. Transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2) expression is increased in TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 lung cancer cells or other lung cancer cells. The role and underlying mechanism of Tgase-2 in N-cadherin switching of TGF-β1-induced EMT are not known. The involvement and mechanisms of Tgase-2 were investigated in A549 cells using chemical inhibitors, gene silencing and over-expression. TGF-β1-induced EMT was suppressed by cystamine or gene silencing of Tgase-2. Suppression of Tgase-2 or the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, significantly reduced and over-expression of Tgase-2 increased the expression of N-cadherin. The relationship between Tgase-2 and JNK in the TGF-β1-induced EMT of A549 cells was examined using Tgase-2 over-expressed A549 cells (A549(TG2)) and Tgase-2 silenced A549 cells (A549(shTG2)). JNK activation was significantly increased in A549(TG2) cells and decreased in A549(shTG2) cells. In contrast, PP2A expression was decreased in A549(TG2) and A549 cells and increased in A549(shTG2) cells. The involvement of Tgase-2 in N-cadherin expression was also confirmed in an in vivo lung cancer orthotopic model by injection of A549(WT) and A549(shTG2) cells into SCID mice. Tgase-2 expressing A549(WT) cells-injected mice group showed increased expressions of N-cadherin and JNK activation, but decreased expression of PP2A in lung cancer tissue comparing with the A549(shTG2) cells-injected group. These results suggested that Tgase-2 induces N-cadherin expression of TGF-β1-induced EMT via JNK activation by PP2A down-regulation, and Tgase-2/PP2A/JNK might be a novel axis that affects N-cadherin switching in the EMT of A549 lung cancer cells.
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Rocco G. The surgeon's role in molecular biology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144:S18-22. [PMID: 22739075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biomolecular era is rapidly becoming shaped around the supreme interest in targeted therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Tissue analysis has become crucial in the definition of biomarkers and genomic signatures able to predict the response to treatment or even survival. Lung screening programs and minimally invasive thoracic surgery are jointly aimed at increasing the quantity and quality of specimens of non-small cell lung cancer caught at the earliest stages with the attendant, significant, effect on patient survival. In addition, biomolecular researchers are disclosing an ever-increasing cohort of patients with specific genetic mutations that make their cancer susceptible to individualized treatment. When needed for immunohistochemical characterization, investigators are ready to request "research biopsies" to consolidate tissue availability for clinical trials, translational research, and in biobanks. With unique and diverse tools in the surgical armamentarium, the thoracic surgeon plays a central role in this new multidisciplinary professional environment, actively participating in creating the foundations of the biomolecular era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Rocco
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
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Barrière G, Tartary M, Rigaud M. Epithelial mesenchymal transition: a new insight into the detection of circulating tumor cells. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:382010. [PMID: 22577580 PMCID: PMC3345219 DOI: 10.5402/2012/382010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many research groups reported on the relation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and worse prognosis for metastatic cancer patients. These results are based on CTCs counting and did not take into account molecular characteristics of cells. To establish CTCs as a reliable and accurate biological marker, new technologies must be focused on CTC subpopulations: dedifferentiated circulating tumor cells (ddCTCs) arising from epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). To select and detect them, different methods have been proposed but none has still reached the goal. Technical progress and translational research are expected to establish CTCs as a real marker. Thus CTC evaluation profiling for each patient will lead to personalize followup and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guislaine Barrière
- Clinical Laboratory, Astralab Department of Specialized Analyses, 87000 Limoges, France
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Abstract
The role of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in controlling gene expression in lung tumor development and metastasis is not well understood. In this study, we showed that the Sp1 level was highly increased and required for lung tumor growth in transgenic mice bearing Kras-induced lung tumors under the control of doxycycline. Furthermore, the Sp1 level was highly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells with low invasiveness and in patients with stage I lung cancer. We also demonstrated that Sp1 was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells with high invasiveness and in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, Sp1 inversely regulated migration, invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vivo. In addition, a decrease in the Sp1 level in highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells resulted from instability of the Sp1 protein. Furthermore, overexpression of Sp1 in highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells increased expression of E-cadherin, a suppressor of metastasis, and attenuated the translocation of β-catenin into the cellular nucleus that leads to tumor malignancy. Taken together, Sp1 level accumulated strongly in early stage and then declined in late stage, which is important for lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis during tumorigenesis.
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