1
|
Sun N, Zhao J, Luo W, Luo X, Wu S, Wang Z, Li P, Li J, Zhou R, Ou S, Qin Z. B-type natriuretic peptide levels at admission predict the prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery. Biomark Med 2024; 18:93-102. [PMID: 38358345 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and the prognosis of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: In total, 162 IE patients with recorded BNP levels upon admission were included in the present study. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Results: Multivariate Cox analysis revealed a significant association between log BNP and all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a poorer prognosis for patients with BNP levels ≥ the 75th percentile. Furthermore, the linear trend test indicated a significant link between BNP quartiles and the primary end point within the models. Conclusion: Elevated BNP levels upon admission could predict all-cause mortality in IE patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Junyong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wenjian Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shaofa Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zelan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Pengda Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shulin Ou
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Nanchuan District, Chongqing, 408400, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomšič A, de Weger A, van der Stoel M, Klautz RJM, Palmen M. A Nationwide Study on Mitral Valve Repair vs Replacement for Active Endocarditis. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:120-126. [PMID: 37714504 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world evidence supporting the reproducibility and superiority of valve repair over replacement in active mitral valve infective endocarditis is lacking. METHODS Data from a prospective nationwide database, including all cardiac surgical procedures in The Netherlands, were used. Adult patients undergoing primary mitral valve intervention who had a diagnosis of active infective endocarditis and who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2020 were included. Survival analysis was performed for the whole follow-up period as well as after applying the landmark of 90 days. RESULTS Of 715 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 294 (41.1%) underwent valve repair. Mitral valve repair rates decreased slightly over the course of the study. The early mortality rate was 13.0%, and a trend of steadily declining early mortality rates over the course of the study, despite a steady increase in patient complexity, was observed. On risk-adjusted analysis, mitral valve replacement demonstrated inferior results when compared with valve repair (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.216; 95% CI, 1.425-3.448; P < .001), even after a landmark analysis was performed (adjusted hazard ratio 2.489; 95% CI, 1.124-5.516; P = .025). These results were confirmed by a propensity score-adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 2.251; 95% CI, 1.029-4.21; P = .042). CONCLUSIONS Contemporary trends in mitral valve surgery for active infective endocarditis suggest growing patient complexity but slightly declining early mortality rates. A trend of decreasing mitral valve repair rates was seen. The results of this study suggest improved late outcomes of valve repair compared with valve replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tomšič
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arend de Weger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert J M Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meindert Palmen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Van Hemelrijck M, Sromicki J, Frank M, Greutmann M, Ledergerber B, Epprecht J, Padrutt M, Vogt PR, Carrel TP, Dzemali O, Mestres CA, Hasse B. Dismal prognosis of patients with operative indication without surgical intervention in active left-sided infective endocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1223878. [PMID: 37692048 PMCID: PMC10491846 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1223878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Around 25% of patients with left-sided infective endocarditis and operative indication do not undergo surgery. Baseline characteristics and outcomes are underreported. This study describes characteristics and outcomes of surgical candidates with surgical intervention or medical treatment only. Methods Retrospective analysis of ongoing collected data from a single-center from an observational cohort of patients with infective endocarditis (ENVALVE). Kaplan-Meier estimates for survival was calculated. Factors associated with survival were assessed using a bivariable Cox model. To adjust for confounding by indication, uni- and multivariable logistic regression for the propensity to receive surgery were adjusted. Results From January 2018 and December 2021, 154 patients were analyzed: 116 underwent surgery and 38 received medical treatment only. Surgical candidates without surgery were older (70 vs. 62 years, p = 0.001). They had higher preoperative risk profile (EuroSCORE II 14% (7.2-28.6) vs. 5.8% (2.5-20.3), p = 0.002) and more comorbidities. One patient was lost-to-follow-up. Survival analysis revealed a significant higher one-year survival rate among patients following surgery (83.7% vs. 15.3% in the non-surgical group; log-rank test <0.0001). In the final multivariable adjusted model, surgery was less likely among patients with liver cirrhosis [OR = 0.03 (95% CI 0.00-0.30)] and with hemodialysis [OR = 0.014 (95% CI 0.00-0.47)]. Conclusion Patients with left-sided infective endocarditis who do not undergo surgery despite an operative indication are older, have more comorbidities and therefore higher preoperative risk profile and a low 1-year survival. The role of the Endocarditis Team may be particularly important for the decision-making process in this specific group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juri Sromicki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Frank
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Greutmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ledergerber
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Epprecht
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Padrutt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R. Vogt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry P. Carrel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Omer Dzemali
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos-A. Mestres
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hasse
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barbero C, Pocar M, Brenna D, Parrella B, Baldarelli S, Aloi V, Costamagna A, Trompeo AC, Vairo A, Alunni G, Salizzoni S, Rinaldi M. Minimally Invasive Surgery: Standard of Care for Mitral Valve Endocarditis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1435. [PMID: 37629726 PMCID: PMC10456514 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background. Minimally invasive surgery via right mini-thoracotomy has become the standard of care for the treatment of mitral valve disease worldwide, particularly at high-volume centers. In recent years, the spectrum of indications has progressively shifted and extended to fragile and higher-risk patients, also addressing more complex mitral valve disease and ultimately including patients with native or prosthetic infective endocarditis. The rationale for the adoption of the minimally invasive approach is to minimize surgical trauma, promote an earlier postoperative recovery, and reduce the incidence of surgical wound infection and other nosocomial infections. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the early and late outcome in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for mitral valve infective endocarditis. Methods. Prospectively collected data regarding minimally invasive surgery in patients with mitral valve infective endocarditis were entered into a dedicated database for the period between January 2007 and December 2022 and retrospectively analyzed. All comers during the study period underwent a preoperative evaluation based on their clinical history and anatomy for the allocation to the most appropriate surgical strategy. The selection of the mini-thoracotomy approach was primarily driven by a thorough transthoracic and especially transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation, coupled with total body and vascular imaging. Results. During the study period, 92 patients underwent right mini-thoracotomy to treat native (80/92, 87%) or prosthetic (12/92, 13%) mitral valve endocarditis at our institution, representing 5% of the patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral surgery. Twenty-six (28%) patients had undergone previous cardiac operations, whereas 18 (20%) presented preoperatively with complications related to endocarditis, most commonly systemic embolization. Sixty-nine and twenty-three patients, respectively, underwent early surgery (75%) or were operated on after the completion of the targeted antibiotic treatment (25%). A conservative procedure was feasible in 16/80 (20%) patients with native valve endocarditis. Conversion to standard sternotomy was necessary in a single case (1.1%). No cases of intraoperative iatrogenic aortic dissection were reported. Four patients died perioperatively, accounting for a thirty-day mortality of 4.4%. The causes of death were refractory heart or multiorgan failure and/or septic shock. A new onset stroke was observed postoperatively in one case (1.1%). Overall actuarial survival rate at 1 and 5 years after operation was 90.8% and 80.4%, whereas freedom from mitral valve reoperation at 1 and 5 years was 96.3% and 93.2%, respectively. Conclusions. This present study shows good early and long-term results in higher-risk patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for mitral valve infective endocarditis. Total body, vascular, and echocardiographic screening represent the key points to select the optimal approach and allow for the extension of indications for minimally invasive surgery to sicker patients, including active endocarditis and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barbero
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Pocar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Brenna
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Barbara Parrella
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Sara Baldarelli
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Valentina Aloi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Division of Cardiac Intensive Care, Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Anna Chiara Trompeo
- Division of Cardiac Intensive Care, Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Vairo
- Unit of Echocardiography, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Gianluca Alunni
- Unit of Echocardiography, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Stefano Salizzoni
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Molinette Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (D.B.); (B.P.); (S.B.); (V.A.); (S.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fox JC, Carvajal HG, Wan F, Canter MW, Merritt TC, Eghtesady P. Outcomes of Treatment for Infective Endocarditis Following Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2023; 14:12-20. [PMID: 36847769 DOI: 10.1177/21501351221129194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recipients of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) have shown increased risk of infective endocarditis (IE). Little is known about the outcomes of different management strategies, particularly surgery, for IE after TPVR. METHODS We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database for cases of IE after TPVR performed from 2010-2020. We described patient demographics, hospital courses, admission complications, and treatment outcomes based on therapy offered, surgical or medical only. We compared outcomes of initial therapy. Data are expressed as median or percent. RESULTS Sixty-nine cases of IE were identified, accounting for 98 related hospital admissions; 29% of patients recorded IE-related readmissions. Of those readmitted after initial medical therapy only, 33% had relapse IE. Rates of surgery were 22% during initial admission and 36% overall. Likelihood of surgical intervention increased with each subsequent admission. Renal and respiratory failure were more common in those given initial surgery. Mortality rate was 4.3% overall and 8% in the surgical cohort. CONCLUSION Initial medical therapy may result in relapses/readmissions and possible delay of surgical therapy, which appears to be most effective for treatment of IE. For those treated only medically, a more aggressive course of therapy may be more likely to prevent relapse. Mortality following surgical therapy for IE after TPVR appears higher than reported for surgical pulmonary valve replacement generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chancellor Fox
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 12275Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Horacio G Carvajal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 12275Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fei Wan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, 12275Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew W Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 12275Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taylor C Merritt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 12275Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 12275Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu ZJ, Dou Z, Li J, Ni ZJ, Weng GX. Nomogram for Predicting In-hospital Mortality in Infective Endocarditis Based on Early Clinical Features and Treatment Options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882869. [PMID: 35571168 PMCID: PMC9091715 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimThe aim of this study was to develop a nomogram based on early clinical features and treatment options for predicting in-hospital mortality in infective endocarditis (IE).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 294 patients diagnosed with IE in our hospital from June 01, 2012 to November 24, 2021, determined independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and established a Nomogram prediction model based on these factors. Finally, the prediction performance of nomogram is evaluated by C-index, bootstrapped-concordance index, and calibration plots.ResultsAge, abnormal leukocyte count, left-sided IE, right-sided IE, and no surgical treatment were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with IE, and we used these independent risk factors to construct a nomogram prediction model to predict in-hospital mortality in IE. The C-index of the model was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.824–0.931), and the internal validation of the model by bootstrap validation method showed a prediction accuracy of 0.852 and a bootstrapped-concordance index of 0.53.ConclusionOur nomogram can accurately predict in-hospital mortality in IE patients and can be used for early identification of high-risk IE patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:e183-e353. [PMID: 33972115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Yokoyama Y, Goto T. Midterm outcomes of early versus late surgery for infective endocarditis with neurologic complications: a meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:49. [PMID: 33766081 PMCID: PMC7992857 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction (CI) remains one of the most common and fatal complications of infective endocarditis (IE), and the timing of surgery for IE with neurologic complications is controversial. As outcomes beyond the perioperative period have not been assessed with a meta-analysis previously, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing mid- to long-term outcomes of early and late surgery in patients with IE and neurologic complications. METHODS All studies that investigated early and late surgery in patients with IE and neurologic complications were identified. The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and recurrence, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and recurrence were extracted from each study. RESULTS Our search identified five eligible studies, which were all observational studies consisting of a total of 624 patients with IE and neurologic complications. Pooled analyses demonstrated that all-cause mortality was similar between the early and late surgery groups (HR [95% confidence interval [CI]] = 0.90 [0.49-1.64]; P = 0.10; I2 = 49%). Similarly, the recurrence rates were similar between both groups (HR [95% CI] = 1.86 [0.76-4.52]; P = 0.43; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed similar mortality and recurrent rates between the early and late surgery groups. The optimal timing of surgery should be individualized on a case-to-case basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F, Jneid H, Krieger EV, Mack M, McLeod C, O'Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM, Thompson A, Toly C. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2021; 143:e72-e227. [PMID: 33332150 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
10
|
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F, Jneid H, Krieger EV, Mack M, McLeod C, O'Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM, Thompson A, Toly C. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2021; 143:e35-e71. [PMID: 33332149 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This executive summary of the valvular heart disease guideline provides recommendations for clinicians to diagnose and manage valvular heart disease as well as supporting documentation to encourage their use. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 1, 2010, to March 1, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Reports, and other selected database relevant to this guideline. Structure: Many recommendations from the earlier valvular heart disease guidelines have been updated with new evidence and provides newer options for diagnosis and treatment of valvular heart disease. This summary includes only the recommendations from the full guideline which focus on diagnostic work-up, the timing and choice of surgical and catheter interventions, and recommendations for medical therapy. The reader is referred to the full guideline for graphical flow charts, text, and tables with additional details about the rationale for and implementation of each recommendation, and the evidence tables detailing the data considered in developing these guidelines.
Collapse
|
11
|
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F, Jneid H, Krieger EV, Mack M, McLeod C, O'Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM, Thompson A, Toly C. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:e25-e197. [PMID: 33342586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
12
|
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F, Jneid H, Krieger EV, Mack M, McLeod C, O’Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM, Thompson A, Toly C. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:450-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Ripa M, Chiappetta S, Castiglioni B, Agricola E, Busnardo E, Carletti S, Castiglioni A, De Bonis M, La Canna G, Oltolini C, Pajoro U, Pasciuta R, Tassan Din C, Scarpellini P. Impact of surgical timing on survival in patients with infective endocarditis: a time-dependent analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1319-1324. [PMID: 33411176 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of surgical timing on survival in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis (IE). This was a retrospective study including 313 patients with left-sided IE between 2009 and 2017. Surgery was defined as urgent (US) or early (ES) if performed within 7 or 28 days, respectively. A multivariable Cox regression analysis including US and ES as time-dependent variables was performed to assess the impact on 1-year mortality. ES was associated with a better survival (aHR 0.349, 95% CI 0.135-0.902), as US (aHR 0.262, 95% CI 0.075-0.915). ES and US were associated with a better prognosis in patients with left-sided IE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ripa
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Chiappetta
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Castiglioni
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eustachio Agricola
- Unit of Non-invasive Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Busnardo
- Unit of Nuclear Imaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele De Bonis
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Canna
- Unit of Non-invasive Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ursola Pajoro
- Unit of Nuclear Imaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Renée Pasciuta
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tassan Din
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpellini
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Okada Y, Nakai T, Muro T, Ito H, Shomura Y. Mitral valve repair for infective endocarditis: Kobe experience. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020; 28:384-389. [PMID: 32757655 PMCID: PMC7818674 DOI: 10.1177/0218492320947586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We retrospectively analyzed our experience of mitral valve repair for native
mitral valve endocarditis in a single institution. Methods From January 1991 to October 2011, 171 consecutive patients underwent surgery
for infective endocarditis. Of these, 147 (86%) had mitral valve repair. At
the time of surgery, 98 patients had healed (group A) and 49 had active
infective endocarditis (group B). Repair procedures included resection of
all infected tissue and thick restricted post-infection tissue, leaflet and
annulus reconstruction with treated autologous pericardium, chordal
reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene sutures, and ring annuloplasty
if necessary. Fifty-two (35%) patients required concomitant procedures. The
study endpoints were overall survival, freedom from reoperation, and freedom
from valve-related events. The median follow-up was 78 months. Results There was one hospital death (hospital mortality 0.7%). Survival at 10 years
was 88.5% ± 3.5% with no significant difference between the two groups
(p = 0.052). Early reoperation was required in 4
patients in group B due to persistent infection or procedure failure.
Freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 99% ± 1.0% in group A and
89.6 ± 4.0% in group B (p = 0.024). Event-free survival at
10 years was 79.3% ± 4.8% (group A: 83.4% ± 5.9%, group B: 72.6% ± 6.9%,
p = 0.010). Conclusions Mitral valve repair was highly successful using autologous pericardium,
chordal reconstruction, and ring annuloplasty if required. Long-term results
were acceptable in terms survival, freedom from reoperation, and event-free
survival. Mitral valve repair is recommended for mitral infective
endocarditis in most patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeo Nakai
- Heart Valve Center, Midori Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Muro
- Heart Valve Center, Midori Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisato Ito
- Department Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yu Shomura
- Department Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Outcomes of surgical treatment for active infective endocarditis of mitral valve compared using complexity scoring. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 69:434-443. [PMID: 32749599 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate our surgical treatment outcomes of active infective endocarditis (IE) of mitral valve in relation to the patients' complexity scores. METHODS We reviewed 51 patients who underwent surgical treatment for active IE on the mitral valve, in our hospital between September 2002 and November 2016. We adapted a complexity scoring scale to describe the range of parts suffering vegetation and damage, assigning the following weighting: weight 1 for each posterior segment; weight 2 for each anterior segment, commissural segment, left atrium, or left ventricle; weight 3 if the annulus was involved or if pathology extended to a prior mitral operation site. A total of 51 patients were identified and categorized by complexity score into two groups: 1-2: Simple (n = 19); ≥ 3: Complex (n = 32). RESULTS MV repair was achieved in 18 patients (95%) in the Simple group and 26 patients (81%) in the Complex group. In the Complex there were 2 in-hospital deaths (6%). There were none in the Simple. The 5-year survival rates were 100% in the Simple and 79.6% in the Complex (P < 0.05). The 5-year rates of freedom from mitral regurgitation were 77.8% in the Simple and 91.5% in the Complex (P = 0.63). The 5-year rates of freedom from recurrence of IE were 93.3% in the Simple and 92.2% in the Complex (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS We found consistent outcomes in terms of recurrent mitral regurgitation and recurrence of IE, regardless of lesion complexity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kousa O, Walters RW, Saleh M, Awad D, Qasim A, Guddeti RR, Smer A. Early vs late cardiac surgery in patients with native valve endocarditis-United States Nationwide Inpatient database. J Card Surg 2020; 35:2611-2617. [PMID: 32720363 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the standard treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) is antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention is required in some cases. However, the optimal timing of surgery remains unclear. Hence, we conducted a population-based analysis using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to assess the outcomes of early versus late surgery in patients with native valve IE. METHODS We queried the NIS database for all hospitalized patients between 2006 and 2016 with a primary diagnosis of IE who had cardiac surgery. We stratified surgery as early ≤7 or late >7 days of admission. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications. Length of stay (LOS) and total hospital cost (HC) were evaluated using multivariable log-normal regression models. RESULTS A total of 13 056 patients (57.6% in the early group and 42.4% in the late group) were included. The in-hospital mortality rate in the early group was 5.0% compared to 5.4% in the late intervention group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-1.81). Overall median LOS was reduced in the early group by 48.2% (95% CI, 46.5%-49.9%, 12.4 days in the early group and 25.9 days in late group), as well as HC which was reduced in the early group by 28.3% (95% CI, 26.0%-30.6%). CONCLUSION Among patients with native valve IE who needed cardiac surgery, the time of surgical intervention did not affect the in-hospital mortality. However, early surgery was associated with significantly shorter LOS and lower HC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kousa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ryan W Walters
- Division of Clinical Research and Evaluation Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mohammed Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dana Awad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Abdallah Qasim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Raviteja R Guddeti
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Aiman Smer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Objectives Aortic valve endocarditis is occasionally complicated by periannular spreading of the infection and abscess formation, leading to a more aggressive course of the disease and life-threatening complications. This retrospective observational study investigated the long-term outcomes of patients with this complication, which was surgically managed with annular reconstruction and aortic valve replacement. Methods Between 1998 and 2018, 69 patients were identified with aortic valve endocarditis complicated by periannular abscess formation. All patients were treated with debridement of the infected tissue, gentamicin filling of abscess cavities, annulus reconstruction with bovine pericardium, and valve replacement. Long-term follow-up was performed to detect the rate of recurrence of endocarditis, aortic valve reoperation and survival. Results Mean age was 58 ± 15 years, 81% of patients were male, and the infected valve was native in 51% of all patients. The overall mortality was 36%, with a 30-day mortality of 13% and 120–day mortality of 16%. Five- and 10-year survival was 69.4 ± 12.0% and 55.7 ± 14.3%, respectively. Ten-year freedom from recurrent endocarditis was 83.5 ± 13.3%. Conclusion Endocarditis with annular abscess remains associated with high morbidity and mortality and aggressive treatment of the infected tissue and abscess cavities is crucial. Compared with earlier literature, long-term outcome of annular reconstruction in this series is comparable to that of aortic root replacement.
Collapse
|
18
|
Blanchard V, Pagis B, Richaud R, Moronval F, Lutinier R, Gallais K, Le Goanvic C, Fontan A, Girardot S, Ah-Kang F, Atger O, Iung B, Lavie-Badie Y. Infective endocarditis in French Polynesia: Epidemiology, treatments and outcomes. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:252-262. [PMID: 32070729 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND French Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity in the South Pacific Ocean, where data on infective endocarditis (IE) are lacking. AIMS To investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of IE in French Polynesia. METHODS All hospital records from consecutive patients hospitalized in Taaone Hospital, Tahiti, from 2015 to 2018, with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, separation diagnosis of IE (I330), were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS From 190 hospital charts reviewed, 105 patients with a final diagnosis of IE, confirmed according to the modified Duke criteria, were included. The median duration of follow-up was 71 days (interquartile range 18-163 days). The mean age was 55±17 years, and there were 68 men (65%). Thirty-five patients (33%) had a history of rheumatic carditis and 43 (41%) had a prosthetic valve. There were 40 (38%) cases of staphylococcal IE, 32 (30%) of streptococcal IE and six (6%) of enterococcal IE. Cardiogenic shock, septic shock and clinically relevant cerebral complications were strongly associated with death from any cause (hazard ratio [HR] 16.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.45-52.05 [P<0.001]; HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.23-5.56 [P=0.01]; and HR 4.14, 95% CI 1.92-8.92 [P<0.001], respectively). Seventy-three patients (69%) had a theoretical indication for surgery, which was performed in 38 patients (36%). Lack of surgery when there was a theoretical indication was significantly associated with death (HR 6.93, 95% CI 3.47-13.83; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of IE in French Polynesia differs from Western countries in many ways. Postrheumatic valvular disease remains the main underlying disease, and access to emergency heart surgery is still a challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Blanchard
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Cardiac Imaging Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Heart Valve Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Pagis
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Rainui Richaud
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Fréderic Moronval
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Renaud Lutinier
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Katell Gallais
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | | | - Anthony Fontan
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Sylvain Girardot
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Florence Ah-Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Olivier Atger
- Department of Cardiology, Taaone Hospital Centre, 98714 Papeete, Tahiti, France
| | - Bernard Iung
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, DHU Fire, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Yoan Lavie-Badie
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Cardiac Imaging Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France; Heart Valve Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pettersson GB, Hussain ST. Current AATS guidelines on surgical treatment of infective endocarditis. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 8:630-644. [PMID: 31832353 DOI: 10.21037/acs.2019.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 2016 American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) guidelines for surgical treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) are question based and address questions of specific relevance to cardiac surgeons. Clinical scenarios in IE are often complex, requiring prompt diagnosis, early institution of antibiotics, and decision-making related to complications, including risk of embolism and timing of surgery when indicated. The importance of an early, multispecialty team approach to patients with IE is emphasized. Management issues are divided into groups of questions related to indications for and timing of surgery, pre-surgical work-up, preoperative antibiotic treatment, surgical risk assessment, intraoperative management, surgical management, surveillance, and follow up. Standard indications for surgery are severe heart failure, severe valve dysfunction, prosthetic valve infection, invasion beyond the valve leaflets, recurrent systemic embolization, large mobile vegetations, or persistent sepsis despite adequate antibiotic therapy for more than 5-7 days. The guidelines emphasize that once an indication for surgery is established, the operation should be performed as soon as possible. Timing of surgery in patients with strokes and neurologic deficits require close collaboration with neurological services. In surgery infected and necrotic tissue and foreign material is radically debrided and removed. Valve repair is performed whenever possible, particularly for the mitral and tricuspid valves. When simple valve replacement is required, choice of valve-mechanical or tissue prosthesis-should be based on normal criteria for valve replacement. For patients with invasive disease and destruction, reconstruction should depend on the involved valve, severity of destruction, and available options for cardiac reconstruction. For the aortic valve, use of allograft is still favored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Syed T Hussain
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Northwell Health/Southside Hospital, Bay Shore, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cecchi E, Ciccone G, Chirillo F, Imazio M, Cecconi M, Del Ponte S, Moreo A, Faggiano P, Cialfi A, Squeri A, Enia F, Forno D, De Rosa FG, Rinaldi M, Castiglione A. Mortality and timing of surgery in the left-sided infective endocarditis: an Italian multicentre study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 26:602-609. [PMID: 29272391 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies on early surgery in infective endocarditis have conflicting results. This study aims to compare the treatment strategies for early surgery (within 2 weeks of diagnosis) and late surgery/medical therapy in terms of survival among patients with the left-sided infective endocarditis. METHODS This study included patients with the left-sided infective endocarditis registered between 2006 and 2010 in the Italian Registry of Infective Endocarditis (RIEI). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the effect of these treatment strategies on overall survival and included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with treatment, risk factors for mortality and early surgery as a time-dependent covariate to avoid indication and immortal time biases. RESULTS Among the 502 patients included, 184 (36.7%) underwent early surgery. Of the remaining 318 patients, 138 underwent late surgery. The early surgery group had fewer patients with comorbidities and with enterococcus as the causative microorganism, but this group had more complicated cardiac conditions. No difference in mortality risk was estimated between the treatment groups including early surgery as time-dependent variables (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.55-1.63), while a distorted and overestimated beneficial effect of surgery was estimated considering surgery as a non-time-dependent variable (adjusted hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.70). CONCLUSIONS Our study did not confirm a better overall survival in patients undergoing early surgery. However, even with the use of statistical techniques to control biases, we could not draw definitive conclusions that early surgery is not beneficial. Our results need to be assessed by randomized trials before any changes in clinical practice can be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Cecchi
- Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovannino Ciccone
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Chirillo
- Department of Cardiology, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Moreno Cecconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche Mediche e Chirurgiche Azienda, Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Moreo
- Department of Cardiology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Squeri
- Dipartimento Cardio, Nefro-Polmonare, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Enia
- Department of Cardiology, Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Forno
- Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin; Infectious Diseases at Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Molinette Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Castiglione
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murai R, Kaji S, Kitai T, Kim K, Ota M, Koyama T, Furukawa Y. The Clinical Significance of Cerebral Microbleeds in Infective Endocarditis Patients. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:51-58. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Moretti M, Buscaglia A, Senes J, Tini G, Brunelli C, Bezante GP. Anterior Mitral Valve Aneurysm Is an Uncommon Complication of Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:1146-1151. [PMID: 30262801 PMCID: PMC6180919 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.909922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 62 Final Diagnosis: Mitral valve aneurysm complicating aortic valve endocarditis Symptoms: Fever Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Combined aortic valve and mitral valve replacement Specialty: Cardiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moretti
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Disease, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Buscaglia
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Disease, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Senes
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Disease, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tini
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Disease, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Brunelli
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Disease, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Bezante
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Disease, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mistiaen WP. What are the main predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: a review. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2018; 52:58-68. [DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2018.1433318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm P. Mistiaen
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Healthcare & Wellbeing, Artesis-Plantijn University College of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Silvestre FJ, Gil-Raga I, Martinez-Herrera M, Lauritano D, Silvestre-Rangil J. Prior oral conditions in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1287-e1291. [PMID: 29302279 PMCID: PMC5741840 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients scheduled for heart valve surgery should be free of any oral infectious disorders that might pose a risk in the postoperative period. Few studies have been made on the dental conditions of such patients prior to surgery. The present study describes the most frequent prior oral diseases in this population group. Material and Methods A prospective, observational case-control study was designed involving 60 patients (30 with heart valve disease and 30 controls, with a mean age of 71 years in both groups). A dental exploration was carried out, with calculation of the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index and recording of the periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, periodontal pocket depth, and attachment loss). The oral mucosa was also examined, and panoramic X-rays were used to identify possible intrabony lesions. Results Significant differences in bacterial plaque index were observed between the two groups (p<0.05), with higher scores in the patients with valve disease. Probing depth and the presence of moderate pockets were also greater in the patients with valve disease than among the controls (p<0.01). Sixty percent of the patients with valve disease presented periodontitis. Conclusions Patients scheduled for heart valve surgery should be examined for possible active periodontitis before the operation. Those individuals found to have periodontal disease should receive adequate periodontal treatment before heart surgery. Key words:Valve disease, aortic, mitral, heart surgery, periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Gil-Raga
- Diplomate of medical-surgery dentistry, University of Valencia. Spain
| | | | - Dorina Lauritano
- Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Universitty of Milano-Bicocca. Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chakraborty T, Scharf E, Rabinstein AA, DeSimone D, El Rafei A, Brinjikji W, Baddour LM, Wijdicks E, Wilson W, Steckelberg JM, Fugate JE. Utility of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Surgical Management of Infective Endocarditis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2527-2535. [PMID: 28673812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently obtained in patients with infective endocarditis, yet its utility in predicting outcomes for valve replacement surgery in patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine how brain MRI findings impact clinical management and outcomes. METHODS Demographic and clinical data from electronic medical records at Mayo Clinic were retrospectively reviewed for patients hospitalized with definite or possible infective endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2014. There were 364 patients included in the study. RESULTS Cardiac valve replacement surgery was performed in 195 of 364 (53.6%) patients, and 95 (48.7%) of the surgical patients underwent preoperative MRI, which was associated with preoperative neurologic symptoms in 56 of 95 (58.9%) patients (odds ratio = 12.92; 95% confidence interval, 5.98-27.93; P <.001). Postoperative neurologic complications occurred in 24 of 195 (12.3%) patients, including new ischemic stroke in 4 of 195 (2.1%) and new intracerebral hemorrhage in 3 of 195 (1.5%). No patients with microhemorrhages developed postoperative hemorrhage. No significant differences existed in rates of postoperative complications between patients with and those without preoperative MRI. There were no substantial associations between preoperative MRI findings and postoperative neurologic complications, functional outcomes as described by the modified Rankin Scale score, or 6-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing valve replacement surgery, preoperative MRI findings were not associated with differences in postoperative outcomes, irrespective of finding or timing of valve replacement surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tia Chakraborty
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Eugene Scharf
- University of Rochester Medical Center Department of Neurology, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Daniel DeSimone
- Mayo Clinic Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abdelghani El Rafei
- Mayo Clinic Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Mayo Clinic Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Mayo Clinic Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eelco Wijdicks
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Walter Wilson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James M Steckelberg
- Mayo Clinic Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer E Fugate
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barbero C, Marchetto G, Ricci D, Mancuso S, Boffini M, Cecchi E, De Rosa FG, Rinaldi M. Minimal access surgery for mitral valve endocarditis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 25:241-245. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
27
|
Could Early Surgery Get Beneficial in Adult Patients with Active Native Infective Endocarditis? A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3459468. [PMID: 28326318 PMCID: PMC5343223 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3459468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After a thorough search through the database as PubMed database and Embase database, the clinical experimental articles have been selected out on the effects of early surgery on the treatment of active native infective endocarditis. The quality of the trials included in this study was assessed by researcher according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0. A meta-analysis was carried out in terms of clinical efficacy criteria by RevMan 5.3 software. Based on the results, we cautiously conclude that early surgery used for active native infective endocarditis could reduce in-hospital mortality, follow-up mortality, and IE-related mortality.
Collapse
|
28
|
Pettersson GB, Coselli JS, Pettersson GB, Coselli JS, Hussain ST, Griffin B, Blackstone EH, Gordon SM, LeMaire SA, Woc-Colburn LE. 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) consensus guidelines: Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis: Executive summary. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 153:1241-1258.e29. [PMID: 28365016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Tex
| | | | - Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Tex
| | - Syed T Hussain
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian Griffin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eugene H Blackstone
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steven M Gordon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Tex
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Murai R, Funakoshi S, Kaji S, Kitai T, Kim K, Koyama T, Furukawa Y. Outcomes of early surgery for infective endocarditis with moderate cerebral complications. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 153:831-840.e8. [PMID: 27988028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to clarify the effect of stroke severity on clinical outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) with cerebral complications and evaluate the impact of early surgery in the active phase on long-term prognosis in patients with nonsevere neurologic deficits. METHODS Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively in 170 consecutive patients with active left-sided IE with cerebral complications from 1990 to 2014. The mean age was 60 ± 17 years, and 93 (55%) were men. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the severity of stroke. Major adverse cardiac events were defined as a composite of IE-related death, repeat surgery, and recurrence of IE. RESULTS Baseline NIHSS score was associated strongly with clinical outcome. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to NIHSS, 33 patients had severe stroke (NIHSS ≥11) and 137 had nonsevere stroke (NIHSS ≤10); freedom from IE-related death and major adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in patients with severe stroke than in those with nonsevere stroke. Of 137 patients with nonsevere stroke, 65 underwent early surgery within 2 weeks of onset, and conventional treatment was applied in 72. Freedom from IE-related death was significantly greater in patients undergoing early surgery than in those on conventional treatment (P = .007). Moreover, adjusted survival analysis using the inverse probability treatment weighting method showed a significant beneficial effect of early surgery in reducing IE-related death (P = .012) in patients with nonsevere stroke. CONCLUSIONS Early surgery might be beneficial in patients with nonsevere stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Murai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Kaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Champey J, Pavese P, Bouvaist H, Maillet M, Kastler A, Boussat B, Francois P. Is brain angio-MRI useful in infective endocarditis management? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:2053-2058. [PMID: 27599711 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In infective endocarditis (IE), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful to diagnose clinically silent neurological events. We assessed the usefulness of systematic early brain MRI in IE diagnosis and medico-surgical management. Over a period of 1 year, all patients admitted in one of the three hospitals participating in and fulfilling the Duke criteria for definite or possible IE underwent cerebral MRI within 7 days of IE suspicion. Eight panels of experts analyzed the records a posteriori. For each case, one record with and one record without the MRI results were randomly assigned to two panels, which determined the theoretical diagnosis and treatment. Paired comparisons were performed using a symmetry test. Thirty-seven brain MRIs were performed within a median of 5 days after inclusion. MRI was pathological in 26 patients (70 %), showing 62 % microischemia and 58 % microbleeds. The expert advice did not differ significantly between the two evaluations (with or without the MRI results). The therapeutic strategies determined diverged in five cases (13.5 %). Diagnosis differed in two cases (5.4 %), with an upgrading of diagnosis from possible to definite IE using MRI results. Early brain MRI did not significantly affect the IE diagnosis and medico-surgical treatment plan. These results suggest that systematic use of early brain MRI is irrelevant in IE. Further studies are necessary to define whether MRI is mandatory in IE management within a multidisciplinary approach, with particular attention paid to better timing and the subset of patients in whom this imaging examination could be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Champey
- Intensive Care Medicine, CHU de Grenoble, BP 218, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - P Pavese
- Infectious Disease Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - H Bouvaist
- Cardiology Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - M Maillet
- Infectious Disease Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - A Kastler
- Neuroradiology Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - B Boussat
- Public Health Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - P Francois
- Public Health Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tomsic A, Li WWL, van Paridon M, Bindraban NR, de Mol BAJM. Infective Endocarditis of the Aortic Valve with Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet Aneurysm. Tex Heart Inst J 2016; 43:345-9. [PMID: 27547149 DOI: 10.14503/thij-15-5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitral valve leaflet aneurysm is a rare and potentially devastating complication of aortic valve endocarditis. We report the case of a 48-year-old man who had endocarditis of the native aortic valve and a concomitant aneurysm of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. Severe mitral regurgitation occurred after the aneurysm perforated. The patient showed no signs of heart failure and completed a 6-week regimen of antibiotic therapy before undergoing successful aortic and mitral valve replacement. In addition to the patient's case, we review the relevant medical literature.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aneurysm, Infected/diagnostic imaging
- Aneurysm, Infected/microbiology
- Aneurysm, Infected/therapy
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnostic imaging
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/microbiology
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/therapy
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
- Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Valve/microbiology
- Aortic Valve/surgery
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Echocardiography, Transesophageal
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/therapy
- Female
- Heart Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Aneurysm/microbiology
- Heart Aneurysm/therapy
- Heart Valve Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Valve Diseases/microbiology
- Heart Valve Diseases/therapy
- Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging
- Mitral Valve/microbiology
- Mitral Valve/surgery
- Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging
- Mitral Valve Insufficiency/microbiology
- Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery
- Streptococcal Infections/diagnostic imaging
- Streptococcal Infections/microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections/therapy
- Streptococcus gordonii/drug effects
- Streptococcus gordonii/isolation & purification
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
Collapse
|
32
|
Anantha Narayanan M, Mahfood Haddad T, Kalil AC, Kanmanthareddy A, Suri RM, Mansour G, Destache CJ, Baskaran J, Mooss AN, Wichman T, Morrow L, Vivekanandan R. Early versus late surgical intervention or medical management for infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2016; 102:950-7. [PMID: 26869640 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infective endocarditis is associated with high morbidity and mortality and optimal timing for surgical intervention is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare early surgical intervention with conservative therapy in patients with infective endocarditis. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google-scholar databases were searched from January 1960 to April 2015. Randomised controlled trials, retrospective cohorts and prospective observational studies comparing outcomes between early surgery at 20 days or less and conservative management for infective endocarditis were analysed. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included. OR of all-cause mortality for early surgery was 0.61 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.74, p<0.001) in unmatched groups and 0.41 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.54, p<0.001) in the propensity-matched groups (matched for baseline variables). For patients who had surgical intervention at 7 days or less, OR of all-cause mortality was 0.61 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.96, p=0.034) and in those who had surgical intervention within 8-20 days, the OR of mortality was 0.64 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.86, p=0.003) compared with conservative management. In propensity-matched groups, the OR of mortality in patients with surgical intervention at 7 days or less was 0.30 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.54, p<0.001) and in the subgroup of patients who underwent surgery between 8 and 20 days was 0.51 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.72, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality, embolisation, heart failure and recurrence of endocarditis between the overall unmatched cohorts. CONCLUSION The results of our meta-analysis suggest that early surgical intervention is associated with significantly lower risk of mortality in patients with infective endocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toufik Mahfood Haddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Andre C Kalil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arun Kanmanthareddy
- Division of Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rakesh M Suri
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christopher J Destache
- School of Pharmacy & Health Professions and School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Janani Baskaran
- University of Texas Southwestern at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aryan N Mooss
- Division of Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tammy Wichman
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lee Morrow
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Renuga Vivekanandan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liang F, Song B, Liu R, Yang L, Tang H, Li Y. Optimal timing for early surgery in infective endocarditis: a meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 22:336-45. [PMID: 26678152 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To systematically review early surgery and the optimal timing of surgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE), a search for foreign and domestic articles on cohort studies about the association between early surgery and infective endocarditis published from inception to January 2015 was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted and the quality of the method of the included studies was assessed. Then, the meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 12.0 software. Sixteen cohort studies, including 8141 participants were finally included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that, compared with non-early surgery, early surgery in IE lowers the incidence of in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.42, 0.77); P = 0.000, I(2) = 73.1%] and long-term mortality [OR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.43, 0.77); P = 0.001, I(2) = 67.4%]. Further, performing operation within 2 weeks had a more favourable effect on long-term mortality [OR = 0.63, 95% CI (0.41, 0.97); P = 0.192, I(2) = 39.4%] than non-early surgery. In different kinds of IE, we found that early surgery for native valve endocarditis (NVE) had a lower in-hospital [OR = 0.46, 95% CI (0.31, 0.69); P = 0.001, I(2) = 73.0%] and long-term [OR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.40, 0.81); P = 0.001, I(2) = 68.9%] mortality than the non-early surgery group. However, for prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly [OR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.65, 1.06); P = 0.413, I(2) = 0.0%] between early and non-early surgery. We concluded that early surgery was associated with lower in-hospital and long-term mortality compared with non-early surgical treatment for IE, especially in NVE. However, the optimal timing of surgery remains unclear. Additional larger prospective clinical trials will be required to clarify the optimal timing for surgical intervention and determine its efficacy in PVE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Liang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Song
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanbo Tang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Champey J, Pavese P, Bouvaist H, Kastler A, Krainik A, Francois P. Value of brain MRI in infective endocarditis: a narrative literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:159-68. [PMID: 26585337 PMCID: PMC4724368 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is frequently involved in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). A systematic review of the literature was realized in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). This study sought to systematically evaluate the published evidence of the contribution of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in IE. The aim was to identify studies presenting the incidence and type of MRI brain lesions in IE. Fifteen relevant studies were isolated using the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Most of them were observational studies with a small number of patients. MRI studies demonstrated a wide variety and high frequency of cerebral lesions, around 80 % of which were mostly clinically occult. This review shows MRI’s superiority compared to brain computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of neurologic complications. Recent developments of sensitive MRI sequences can detect microinfarction and cerebral microhemorrhages. However, the clinical significance of these microhemorrhages, also called cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), remains uncertain. Because some MRI neurological lesions are a distinctive IE feature, they can have a broader involvement in diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. Even if cerebral MRI offers new perspectives for better IE management, there is not enough scientific proof to recommend it in current guidelines. The literature remains incomplete regarding the impact of MRI on concerted decision-making. The long-term prognosis of CMBs has not been evaluated to date and requires further studies. Today, brain MRI can be used on a case-by-case basis based on a clinician’s appraisal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Champey
- Medical Intensive Care Department, CHU de Grenoble, BP 218, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - P Pavese
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de Grenoble, BP 218, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - H Bouvaist
- Cardiology Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - A Kastler
- Neuroradiology Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - A Krainik
- Neuroradiology Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - P Francois
- Public Health Department, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Guyton RA, O’Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM, Thomas JD, Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Creager MA, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK, Stevenson WG, Yancy CW. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:e1-e132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
Carrasco-Chinchilla F, Sánchez-Espín G, Ruiz-Morales J, Rodríguez–Bailón I, Melero–Tejedor JM, Ivanova–Georgieva R, García–López V, Muñoz–García A, Gómez–Doblas JJ, de Teresa–Galván E. Influencia de una estrategia de alerta multidisciplinaria en la mortalidad por endocarditis infecciosa izquierda. Rev Esp Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Neragi-Miandoab S, Skripochnik E, Michler R, D'Alessandro D. Risk factors predicting the postoperative outcome in 134 patients with active endocarditis. Heart Surg Forum 2014; 17:E35-41. [PMID: 24631989 DOI: 10.1532/hsf98.2013270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery remains the cornerstone in management of endocarditis. METHODS In this retrospective cohort we evaluated the operative outcome of patients with infective endocarditis. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 134 predominantly male patients (60%) with a mean age of 55 ± 12.4 years were examined. The procedures included single valve (n = 88; 66%), double/multiple valves (n = 29; 22%), and valve-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (n = 16; 12%). Perioperative mortality was 11.9% (n = 16). In the multivariate analysis, dialysis (odds ratio [OR] = 7.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.78-34.77]; P = .006), sepsis (OR = 19.5; 95% CI [2.76-137.9]; P = .002), and perfusion time (95% CI [1.00-1.02]; P = .003) were independent predictors of perioperative mortality. The overall long-term survival at 28 months was 69.2% ± 4%. Dialysis (P = .0001) was a predictor of mortality, whereas elevated creatinine in nondialysis patients (P = .0002) was not. In the multivariate analysis, dialysis (hazard ratio [HR] 4.06%; 95% CI [0.936-8.526]; P = .0002), CABG (HR 2.32; 95% CI [1.086-4.978]; P = .0299), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 2.20; 95% CI [1.027-4.739]; P = .0426), and double/multiple valve procedure (HR 3.0; 95% CI [1.467-6.206]; P = .0027) were risk factors for long-term mortality. CONCLUSION Renal failure but not renal insufficiency is a risk factor for short and long-term mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyamek Neragi-Miandoab
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Edvard Skripochnik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Robert Michler
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David D'Alessandro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Guyton RA, O'Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM, Thomas JD. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129:e521-643. [PMID: 24589853 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 884] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Carrasco-Chinchilla F, Sánchez-Espín G, Ruiz-Morales J, Rodríguez-Bailón I, Melero-Tejedor JM, Ivanova-Georgieva R, García-López V, Muñoz-García A, Gómez-Doblas JJ, de Teresa-Galván E. Influence of a multidisciplinary alert strategy on mortality due to left-sided infective endocarditis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:380-6. [PMID: 24774731 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Mortality from left-sided infective endocarditis remains very high. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary alert strategy (AMULTEI), based on clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological findings, implemented in 2008 in a tertiary hospital. METHODS Cohort study comparing our historical data series (1996-2007) with the number of patients diagnosed with left-sided endocarditis from 2008-2011 (AMULTEI). RESULTS The AMULTEI cohort included 72 patients who were compared with 155 patients in the historical cohort. AMULTEI patients were significantly older (62.5 vs 57.9 years in the historical cohort; P=.047) and had higher comorbidity (Charlson index, 3.33 vs 2.58 in the historical cohort; P=.023). There was also a trend toward more enterococcal etiology in the AMULTEI group (20.8% vs 11.6% in the historical cohort; P=.067). In the AMULTEI group, early surgery was more frequently performed (48.6% vs 23.2%; P<.001) during hospitalization, the incidence of septic shock was significantly lower (9.7% vs 24.5%; P=.009) and there was a trend toward reductions in neurological complications (19.4% vs 29.0%; P=.25) and severe heart failure (12.5% vs 18.7%; P=.24). In-hospital mortality and mortality during the first month of follow-up were significantly lower in the AMULTEI group (16.7% vs 36.1%; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS Despite the trend toward older age and more comorbidity measured by the Charlson index, early mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with the AMULTEI strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Sánchez-Espín
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Josefa Ruiz-Morales
- Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Melero-Tejedor
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García-López
- Unidad de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-García
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Gómez-Doblas
- Unidad del Corazón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chatterjee S, Sardar P. Early surgery reduces mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: Insight from a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3094-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Wang TKM. Mortality and Neurological Complications After Early or Late Surgery for Infective Endocarditis and Stroke. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1662-3. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
43
|
Takahashi H, Arif R, Kallenbach K, Tochtermann U, Karck M, Ruhparwar A. Surgical Treatment of Aortic Valve Endocarditis With Left Ventricular-Aortic Discontinuity. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:72-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Okada K, Okita Y. Surgical treatment for aortic periannular abscess/pseudoaneurysm caused by infective endocarditis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 61:175-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-012-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
45
|
te Kolsté HJ, Li WWL, de Mol BAJM. Early surgical treatment for infective endocarditis: Does it come at the expense of worse neurologic outcomes? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144:1537-8. [PMID: 23140972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
46
|
Clinical predictors of in-hospital death and early surgery for infective endocarditis: results of CArdiac Disease REgistration (CADRE), a nation-wide survey in Japan. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:2688-94. [PMID: 22805554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of early surgery for IE is yet to be determined in non-Western countries. We conducted this study to evaluate the role of early surgery in infective endocarditis (IE) in Japan. METHODS IE admissions in Japan were prospectively registered using a nation-wide WEB-based registration system (CArdiac Disease REgistration, CADRE). The impact of early surgery on in-hospital mortality was assessed in native valve endocarditis (NVE) and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). Risk factors for in-hospital death were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. The propensity score for early surgery was calculated to adjust the impact of early surgery. RESULTS From September 2006 to May 2009, 348 NVE and 81 PVE were registered. In NVE, early surgery was preferable in every quartile stratified with the propensity score and the summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.12 (0.05-0.31). The predictors of in-hospital death were Staphylococcus aureus infection (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.26-9.7), heart failure (OR 6.74, 95% CI 2.43-18.7) and early surgery (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.03-0.2). In PVE, the predictors of in-hospital death were age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18), S. aureus infection (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.4-24.01) and heart failure (OR 7.44, 95% CI 1.81-30.67), whereas early surgery was not (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.12-2.16). CONCLUSION Early surgery for NVE is associated with improved survival in a wide range of clinical subgroups in Japan. In PVE a survival benefit of early surgery is not clear.
Collapse
|
47
|
Dimitrova NA, Dimitrov GV, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Guyton RA, O’Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM, Thomas JD. Effect of electrical stimulus parameters on the development and propagation of action potentials in short excitable fibres. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 63:e57-185. [PMID: 2460319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1846] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular action potentials (IAPs) produced by short fibres in response to their electrical stimulation were analysed. IAPs were calculated on the basis of the Hodgkin-Huxley (1952) model by the method described by Joyner et al. (1978). Principal differences were found in processes of activation of short (semilength L less than 5 lambda) and long fibres under near-threshold stimulation. The shorter the fibre, the lower was the threshold value (Ithr). Dependence of the latency on the stimulus strength (Ist) was substantially non-linear and was affected by the fibre length. Both fibre length and stimulus strength influenced the IAP amplitude, the instantaneous propagation velocity (IPV) and the site of the first origin of the IAP (and, consequently, excitability of the short fibre membrane). With L less than or equal to 2 lambda and Ithr less than or equal to Ist less than or equal to 1.1Ithr, IPV could reach either very high values (so that all the fibre membrane fired practically simultaneously) or even negative values. The latter corresponded to the first origin of the propagated IAP, not at the site of stimulation but at the fibre termination or at a midpoint. The characters of all the above dependencies were unchanged irrespective of the manner of approaching threshold (variation of stimulus duration or its strength). Reasons for differences in processes of activation of short and long fibres are discussed in terms of electrical load and latency. Applications of the results to explain an increased jitter, velocity recovery function and velocity-diameter relationship are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Dimitrova
- CLBA, Centre of Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|