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Peng J, Guo G, Wang Z, Zhuang L, Ma Y, Yuan B, Zhang M, Tao Q, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Dong X. Factors Associated With Radiological Lung Growth Rate After Lobectomy in Patients With Lung Cancer. J Surg Res 2024; 298:251-259. [PMID: 38636181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is a retrospective study. This study aims to explore the association between lobectomy in lung cancer patients and subsequent compensatory lung growth (CLG), and to identify factors that may be associated with variations in CLG. METHODS 207 lung cancer patients who underwent lobectomy at Yunnan Cancer Hospital between January 2020 and December 2020. All patients had stage IA primary lung cancer and were performed by the same surgical team. And computed tomography examinations were performed before and 1 y postoperatively. Based on computed tomography images, the volume of each lung lobe was measured using computer software and manual, the radiological lung weight was calculated. And multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the factors related to the increase in postoperative lung weight. RESULTS One year after lobectomy, the radiological lung weight increased by an average of 112.4 ± 20.8%. Smoking history, number of resected lung segments, preoperative low attenuation volume, intraoperative arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and postoperative visual analog scale scores at 48 h were significantly associated with postoperative radiological lung weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CLG have occurred after lobectomy in adults. In addition, anesthetists should maintain high arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio during one-lung ventilation and improve acute postoperative pain to benefit CLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunman, China
| | - Zhonghui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Palliative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingxiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qunfen Tao
- Department of Operation Room, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunman, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xingxiang Dong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Ito Y, Suzuki H, Sasahara Y, Mitsukawa N, Yoshino I. Can surgical repair for pectus excavatum contribute to lung growth? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:928-934. [PMID: 34423359 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether the surgical correction of chest deformity is associated with the growth of the lung parenchyma after surgery for pectus excavatum. METHODS Ten patients with pectus excavatum who were treated by the Nuss procedure were examined. The preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (2.5 ± 1.2 years after surgery) scans were performed, and the Haller index, lung volume and lung density were analyzed using a three-dimensional image analysis system (SYNAPSE VINCENT, Fujifilm, Japan). The radiological lung weight was calculated as follows: lung volume (ml) × lung density (g/ml). RESULTS The average age of the 10 patients (men 8; women 2) was 13.8 years (range: 6-26 years). The Haller index was significantly improved from the preoperative value of 5.18 ± 2.20 to the postoperative value of 3.68 ± 1.38 (P = 0.0025). Both the lung volume and weight had significantly increased by 107.1 ± 19.6% and 121.6 ± 11.3%, respectively, after surgery. CONCLUSIONS A significant increase in the weight of the lung after surgical correction suggests that the growth of the lung parenchyma is associated with the correction of chest deformity in younger patients with pectus excavatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidemi Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Sasahara
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Skolasinski SD, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Lung tissue bioengineering for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: overcoming the need for lung transplantation from human donors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:665-678. [PMID: 31164014 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1624163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 380 million people, causing more than 3 million deaths annually worldwide. Despite this enormous burden, currently available therapies are largely limited to symptom control. Lung transplant is considered for end-stage disease but is severely limited by the availability of human organs. Furthermore, the pre-transplant course is a complex orchestration of locating and harvesting suitable lungs, and the post-transplant course is complicated by rejection and infection. Lung tissue bioengineering has the potential to relieve the organ shortage and improve the post-transplant course by generating patient-specific lungs for transplant. Additionally, emerging progenitor cell therapies may facilitate in vivo regeneration of pulmonary tissue, obviating the need for transplant. Areas Covered: We review several lung tissue bioengineering approaches including the recellularization of decellularized scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, genetically-engineered xenotransplantation, blastocyst complementation, and direct therapy with progenitor cells. Articles were identified by searching relevant terms (see Key Words) in the PubMed database and selected for inclusion based on novelty and uniqueness of their approach. Expert Opinion: Lung tissue bioengineering research is in the early stages. Of the methods reviewed, only direct cell therapy has been investigated in humans. We anticipate a minimum of 5-10 years before human therapy will be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Skolasinski
- a Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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Almeida FM, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Vieira RP, Moriya HT, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Lopes FDTQS, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Mauad T, Martins MA, Pazetti R. Compensatory lung growth after bilobectomy in emphysematous rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181819. [PMID: 28750097 PMCID: PMC5531597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an option for emphysematous patients who are awaiting lung transplantation. LVRS reduces nonfunctional portions of lung tissues and favors the compensatory lung growth (CLG) of the remaining lobes. This phenomenon diminishes dyspnea and improves both the respiratory mechanics and quality of life for the patients. An animal model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema was used to investigate the structural and functional lung response after LVRS. Bilobectomy was performed six weeks after elastase instillation. Two weeks after bilobectomy, CLG effects were evaluated by lung mechanics and histomorphometric analysis. After bilobectomy, the emphysematous animals presented decreased mean linear intercepts, increased elastic fiber proportion, and increased alveolar surface density, total volumes of airspace, tissue and respiratory region and absolute surface area. We conclude that bilobectomy promoted CLG in emphysematous animals, resulting in alveolar architecture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), School of Medical Sciences of Sao Jose dos Campos Humanitas and Universidade Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Ligeiro-de-Oliveira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), School of Medical Sciences of Sao Jose dos Campos Humanitas and Universidade Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rogerio Pazetti
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Sao Paulo, Cardiopneumology (LIM61), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Takahashi Y, Matsutani N, Dejima H, Nakayama T, Uehara H, Kawamura M. Nuclear factor-kappa B influences early phase of compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy in mice. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:41. [PMID: 28679393 PMCID: PMC5499001 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compensatory lung growth (CLG) is a well-established lung regeneration model. However, the sequential mechanisms, including unknown molecular triggers or regulators, remain unclear. Nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) is known to be essential for inflammation and tissue regeneration; therefore, we investigated the role of NF-κB in CLG. Methods C57BL/6 J mice underwent either a left pneumonectomy or a thoracotomy (n = 77). Gene microarray analysis was performed to detect genes that were upregulated at 12 h after pneumonectomy. NF-κB protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. To investigate the influence of NF-κB on CLG, either an NF-κB inhibitor SN50 or saline was administered following pneumonectomy and the degree of CLG was evaluated in each group by measuring the lung dry weight index (LDWI) and the mean linear intercept. Results Gene microarray analysis identified 11 genes that were significantly but transiently increased at 12 h after pneumonectomy. Among the 11 genes, NF-κB was selected based on its reported functions. Western blot analysis showed that NF-κB protein expression after pneumonectomy was significantly higher at 12 h compared to 48 h. Additionally, NF-κB protein expression at 12 h after pneumonectomy was significantly higher than at both 12 and 48 h after thoracotomy (p < 0.029 for all). NF-κB protein expression, evaluated through immunohistochemistry, was expressed mainly in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and was significant increased 12 h after pneumonectomy compared to 48 h after pneumonectomy and both 12 and 48 h after thoracotomy (p < 0.001 for all). SN50 administration following pneumonectomy induced a significant decrease in NF-κB expression (p = 0.004) and LDWI compared to the vehicle administration (p = 0.009). Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating that NF-κB signaling may play a key role in CLG. Given its pathway is crucial in tissue regeneration of various organs, NF-κB may shed light on identification of molecular triggers or clinically usable key regulators of CLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Matsutani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kawamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
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Ito T, Suzuki H, Wada H, Fujiwara T, Nakajima T, Iwata T, Yoshida S, Yoshino I. Concordant pattern of radiologic, morphologic, and genomic changes during compensatory lung growth. J Surg Res 2017; 212:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lung remodeling associated with recovery from acute lung injury. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:495-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Takahashi Y, Matsutani N, Morita S, Dejima H, Nakayama T, Uehara H, Kawamura M. Predictors of long-term compensatory response of pulmonary function following major lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Respirology 2016; 22:364-371. [PMID: 27649690 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Long-term pulmonary function which might include compensatory response (CR) significantly influences quality of life of long-term survivor after major lung resection. We investigated long-term pulmonary function after major lung resection. METHODS A total of 137 patients who had undergone lobar resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from May 2013 to June 2014 had spirometry at 10-14 months after surgery. Actual post-operative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) (FEV1apo )/predicted post-operative FEV1 (FEV1ppo ), actual post-operative forced vital capacity (FVC) (FVCapo )/predicted post-operative FVC (FVCppo ), its relationship with clinicopathological factors and immunohistochemistry for pro-surfactant protein C (pro-SPC), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were investigated. RESULTS FEV1apo /FEV1ppo showed strong correlation with FVCapo /FVCppo (r = 0.628; P < 0.001). We defined greater CR as both FEV1apo /FEV1ppo and FVCapo /FVCppo were >120%. Greater CR was significantly associated with decreased smoking index (P < 0.001) and greater resected subsegments (P = 0.037). The never-smoker group revealed significantly greater CR compared with the smoker group in both FEV1apo /FEV1ppo (119.9 ± 12.5% vs 107.5 ± 14.2%; P = 0.030) and FVCapo /FVCppo (117.9 ± 9.98% vs 107.2 ± 13.1%; P = 0.046) in case-matched comparison. The expression of pro-SPC, TTF-1 and VEGFR2 in the normal lung parenchyma of greater CR group was significantly higher than those of lesser CR group (P < 0.001 for each). In addition, pro-SPC, TTF-1 and VEGFR2 expressions showed a significant correlation to the degree of CR especially in the smoker group (r = 0.631, 0.705 and 0.732, respectively; P < 0.001 for each). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that smokers may develop lesser long-term CR after major lung resection. Decreased expression of pro-SPC, TTF-1 and VEGFR2 may indicate decreased capacity of CR, especially in patients who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsutani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Morita
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kawamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Uyama K, Sakiyama S, Yoshida M, Kenzaki K, Toba H, Kawakami Y, Okumura K, Takizawa H, Kondo K, Tangoku A. Lung regeneration by fetal lung tissue implantation in a mouse pulmonary emphysema model. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2016; 63:182-6. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.63.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koh Uyama
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Shoji Sakiyama
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Mitsuteru Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Koichiro Kenzaki
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Hiroaki Toba
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yukikiyo Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Kazumasa Okumura
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Hiromitsu Takizawa
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Kazuya Kondo
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Akira Tangoku
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Okui M, Goto T, Asakura K, Kamiyama I, Ohtsuka T. Alveolar macrophage phenotype expression in airway-instilled bone marrow cells in mice. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:770. [PMID: 26688784 PMCID: PMC4676774 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
No uniform consensus has been established regarding post-pneumonectomy lung regeneration. This study was undertaken to determine whether airway-instilled lung- or bone marrow-derived cells are able to differentiate
and reconstitute as lung component cells in the course of post-pneumonectomy lung growth. Bone marrow cells or lung cells obtained from C57 black (BL)/6-GFP mice were intratracheally instilled into C57BL/6 mice treated with left pneumonectomy and cell differentiation was examined. It is unclear whether intratracheally instilled lung or bone marrow cells differentiate into non-hematopoietic cells after pneumonectomy. However, regardless of whether pneumonectomy is performed, intratracheally instilled bone marrow cells display a surface antigen profile that is similar to alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, these newly differentiated macrophages function similarly to resident macrophages in terms of TNF-α production, suggesting that bone marrow stem cells acquire the same macrophage phenotype. In conclusion, intratracheally instilled bone marrow cells adapt to the surrounding microenvironment, directly differentiating into alveolar macrophages, and remain in the alveolar space for at least 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okui
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Keisuke Asakura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Ikuo Kamiyama
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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Thane K, Ingenito EP, Hoffman AM. Lung regeneration and translational implications of the postpneumonectomy model. Transl Res 2014; 163:363-76. [PMID: 24316173 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung regeneration research is yielding data with increasing translational value. The classical models of lung development, postnatal alveolarization, and postpneumonectomy alveolarization have contributed to a broader understanding of the cellular participants including stem-progenitor cells, cell-cell signaling pathways, and the roles of mechanical deformation and other physiologic factors that have the potential to be modulated in human and animal patients. Although recent information is available describing the lineage fate of lung fibroblasts, genetic fate mapping, and clonal studies are lacking in the study of lung regeneration and deserve further examination. In addition to increasing knowledge concerning classical alveolarization (postnatal, postpneumonectomy), there is increasing evidence for remodeling of the adult lung after partial pneumonectomy. Though limited in scope, compelling data have emerged describing restoration of lung tissue mass in the adult human and in large animal models. The basis for this long-term adaptation to pneumonectomy is poorly understood, but investigations into mechanisms of lung regeneration in older animals that have lost their capacity for rapid re-alveolarization are warranted, as there would be great translational value in modulating these mechanisms. In addition, quantitative morphometric analysis has progressed in conjunction with developments in advanced imaging, which allow for longitudinal and nonterminal evaluation of pulmonary regenerative responses in animals and humans. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular events that have been observed in animals and humans after pneumonectomy because this model is closest to classical regeneration in other mammalian systems and has revealed several new fronts of translational research that deserve consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Thane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Mass
| | - Edward P Ingenito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew M Hoffman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Mass.
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Paisley D, Bevan L, Choy KJ, Gross C. The pneumonectomy model of compensatory lung growth: insights into lung regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:196-205. [PMID: 24333263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonectomy (PNX) in experimental animals leads to a species- and age-dependent compensatory growth of the remaining lung lobes. PNX mimics the loss of functional gas exchange units observed in a number of chronic destructive lung diseases. However, unlike in disease models, this tissue loss is well defined, reproducible and lacks accompanying inflammation. Furthermore, compensatory responses to the tissue loss can be easily quantified. This makes PNX a potentially useful model for the study of the cellular and molecular events which occur during realveolarisation. It may therefore help to get a better understanding of how to manipulate these pathways, in order to promote the generation of new alveolar tissue as therapies for destructive lung diseases. This review will explore the insights that experimental PNX has provided into the physiological factors which promote compensatory lung growth as well as the importance of age and species in the rate and extent of compensation. In addition, more recent studies which are beginning to uncover the key cellular and molecular pathways involved in realveolarisation will be discussed. The potential relevance of experimental pneumonectomy to novel therapeutic strategies which aim to promote lung regeneration will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Paisley
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom.
| | - Luke Bevan
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine J Choy
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Gross
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
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Mizobuchi T, Chen F, Yoshino I, Iwata T, Yoshida S, Bando T, Date H. Radiologic evaluation for volume and weight of remnant lung in living lung donors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 146:1253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Ackermann M, Houdek JP, Gibney BC, Ysasi A, Wagner W, Belle J, Schittny JC, Enzmann F, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ, Konerding MA. Sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in postpneumonectomy lung growth: mechanisms of alveolar neovascularization. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:541-51. [PMID: 24150281 PMCID: PMC4061467 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In most rodents and some other mammals, the removal of one lung results in compensatory growth associated with dramatic angiogenesis and complete restoration of lung capacity. One pivotal mechanism in neoalveolarization is neovascularization, because without angiogenesis new alveoli can not be formed. The aim of this study is to image and analyze three-dimensionally the different patterns of neovascularization seen following pneumonectomy in mice on a sub-micron-scale. C57/BL6 mice underwent a left-sided pneumonectomy. Lungs were harvested at various timepoints after pneumonectomy. Volume analysis by microCT revealed a striking increase of 143 percent in the cardiac lobe 14 days after pneumonectomy. Analysis of microvascular corrosion casting demonstrated spatially heterogenous vascular densitities which were in line with the perivascular and subpleural compensatory growth pattern observed in anti-PCNA-stained lung sections. Within these regions an expansion of the vascular plexus with increased pillar formations and sprouting angiogenesis, originating both from pre-existing bronchial and pulmonary vessels was observed. Also, type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages were seen to participate actively in alveolar neo-angiogenesis after pneumonectomy. 3D-visualizations obtained by high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy showed the appearance of double-layered vessels and bud-like alveolar baskets as have already been described in normal lung development. Scanning electron microscopy data of microvascular architecture also revealed a replication of perialveolar vessel networks through septum formation as already seen in developmental alveolarization. In addition, the appearance of pillar formations and duplications on alveolar entrance ring vessels in mature alveoli are indicative of vascular remodeling. These findings indicate that sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis are pivotal mechanisms in adult lung alveolarization after pneumonectomy. Various forms of developmental neoalveolarization may also be considered to contribute in compensatory lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Mizobuchi T, Wada H, Sakairi Y, Suzuki H, Nakajima T, Tagawa T, Iwata T, Motoori K, Yoshida S, Yoshino I. Spirometric and radiological evaluation of the remnant lung long after major pulmonary resection: can compensatory phenomena be recognized in clinical cases? Surg Today 2013; 44:1735-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Suga A, Ueda K, Takemoto Y, Nishimoto A, Hosoyama T, Li TS, Hamano K. Significant role of bone marrow–derived cells in compensatory regenerative lung growth. J Surg Res 2013; 183:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ohba T, Wada H, Yoshino I, Yoshida S, Tagawa T, Shoji F, Yamazaki K, Maehara Y. Increase of bone morphogenetic protein-7 expressing pulmonary resident cells in pneumonectomized rats. Surg Today 2013; 44:324-31. [PMID: 23640479 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compensatory lung growth (CLG) is recognized in rodents subjected to major pulmonary resection; however, the source of cells constituting regenerated tissues during the CLG is still unknown. We investigated the differentiation of lung resident cells and the participation of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells in the remnant lung of pneumonectomized rats. METHODS After left pneumonectomy, the right remnant lung of Wistar rats was subjected to morphologic and molecular experiments at several time points. We studied the expression of bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP-7), an accelerator of epithelial differentiation, based on the gene expression profile data of the remnant lung. Next, we evaluated the presence of GFP-positive cells in the remnant lung of Wistar rats that had received BM transplantation from green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene-transgenic Wistar rats prior to left pneumonectomy. RESULTS We observed progression of emphysematous change, modulation of gene expression profile, and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen-positive cells in the alveoli of the remnant lungs. BMP-7 protein positive cells were detected in the alveolar septa, which increased significantly over time with the progression of emphysematous change. No bone marrow-derived cells were detected in the right remnant lung of the GFP-BM transferred rats by fluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry, or polymerase chain reaction at any time. CONCLUSION Lung resident cells appear to contribute to CLG, possibly via a trans-differentiation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ohba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan,
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18
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Athale J, Ulrich A, MacGarvey NC, Bartz RR, Welty-Wolf KE, Suliman HB, Piantadosi CA. Nrf2 promotes alveolar mitochondrial biogenesis and resolution of lung injury in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1584-94. [PMID: 22940620 PMCID: PMC3729022 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) initiates protective responses involving genes downstream of the Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) transcription factor, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and related anti-inflammatory processes. We examined mitochondrial biogenesis during Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice and the effect of Nrf2 deficiency on lung mitochondrial biogenesis and resolution of lung inflammation. S. aureus pneumonia established by nasal insufflation of live bacteria was studied in mitochondrial reporter (mt-COX8-GFP) mice, wild-type (WT) mice, and Nrf2⁻/⁻ mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage, wet/dry ratios, real-time RT-PCR and Western analysis, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence microscopy were performed on the lung at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h. The mice survived S. aureus inoculations at 5×10⁸ CFU despite diffuse lung inflammation and edema, but the Nrf2⁻/⁻ lung showed increased ALI. In mt-COX8-GFP mice, mitochondrial fluorescence was enhanced in bronchial and alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cells. WT mice displayed rapid HO-1 upregulation and lower proinflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL2 and, especially in AT2 cells, higher anti-inflammatory IL-10 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 than Nrf2⁻/⁻ mice. In the alveolar region, WT but not Nrf2⁻/⁻ mice showed strongly induced nuclear respiratory factor-1, PGC-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor-A, SOD2, Bnip3, mtDNA copy number, and citrate synthase. These findings indicate that S. aureus pneumonia induces Nrf2-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis in the alveolar region, mainly in AT2 cells. Absence of Nrf2 suppresses the alveolar transcriptional network for mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-inflammation, which worsens ALI. The findings link redox activation of mitochondrial biogenesis to ALI resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Athale
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Allison Ulrich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Raquel R. Bartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Karen E. Welty-Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hagir B. Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Claude A. Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Fax: +1 919 684 6002. .
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Experimental Basis and New Insights for Cell Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:1236-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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