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Shalhoub K, Heydarian HC, Hanke SP, Cnota JF, Stein LH, Tepe B, Hill GD. Achieving an Optimal Outcome After Stage 1 Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Variants: Frequency, Associated Factors, and Subsequent Outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032055. [PMID: 38860404 PMCID: PMC11255728 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to measure frequency of achieving an optimal outcome after stage 1 palliation (S1P) for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and variants, determine factors associated with optimal outcomes, and compare outcomes after stage 2 palliation (S2P) using the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative database (2008-2016). METHODS AND RESULTS This is a retrospective cohort study with optimal outcome defined a priori as meeting all of the following: (1) discharge after S1P in <19 days (top quartile), (2) no red flag or major event readmissions before S2P, and (3) performing S2P between 90 and 240 days of age. Optimal outcome was achieved in 256 of 2182 patients (11.7%). Frequency varied among centers from 0% to 25%. Factors independently associated with an optimal outcome after S1P were higher gestational age (odds ratio [OR], 1.1 per week [95% CI, 1.0-1.2]; P=0.02); absence of a genetic syndrome (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.2-5]; P=0.02); not requiring a post-S1P catheterization (OR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.5-4.8]; P=0.01), intervention (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2]; P=0.006), or a procedure (OR, 4.5 [95% CI, 2.8-7.1]; P<0.001) before discharge; and not having a post-S1P complication (OR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.9-3.7]; P<0.001). Those with an optimal outcome after S1P had improved S2P outcomes including shorter length of stay, less ventilator days, shorter bypass time, and fewer postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Identifying patients at lowest risk for poor outcomes during the home interstage period could shift necessary resources to those at higher risk, alter S2P postoperative expectations, and improve quality of life for families at lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayri Shalhoub
- Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Section of Critical Care Medicine & CardiologyTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Haleh C. Heydarian
- Division of CardiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Samuel P. Hanke
- Division of CardiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - James F. Cnota
- Division of CardiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Laurel H. Stein
- Division of CardiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Brooke Tepe
- Division of CardiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Garick D. Hill
- Division of CardiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
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2
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Ravishankar C. The Second Interstage Period Is Just as "Risky" as the First in HLHS. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100935. [PMID: 38939632 PMCID: PMC11198592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Ravishankar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Miller JR, Hill KD, Thibault D, Chiswell K, Habib RH, Jacobs JP, Jacobs ML, Nath DS, Eghtesady P. Outcomes of the Kawashima: A Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:379-385. [PMID: 37495089 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the effect of age at operation on postoperative outcomes in children undergoing a Kawashima operation. METHODS The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was queried for Kawashima procedures from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2020. Patients were stratified by age at operation in months: 0 to <4, 4 to <8, 8 to <12, and >12. Subsequently, outcomes for those in whom the Kawashima was not the index operation and for those undergoing hepatic vein incorporation (Fontan completion or hepatic vein-to-azygos vein connection) were evaluated. RESULTS We identified 253 patients who underwent a Kawashima operation (median age, 8.6 months; median weight, 7.4 kg): 12 (4.7%), 0 to <4 months; 96 (37.9%), 4 to <8 months; 81 (32.0%), 8 to <12 months; and 64 (25.3%), >12 months. Operative mortality was 0.8% (n = 2), with major morbidity or mortality in 17.4% (n = 44), neither different across age groups. Patients <4 months had a longer postoperative length of stay (12.5 vs 9.3 days; P = .03). The Kawashima was not the index operation of the hospital admission in 15 (5.9%); these patients were younger (6.0 vs 8.4 months; P = .05) and had more preoperative risk factors (13/15 [92.9%] vs 126/238 [52.9%]; P < .01). We identified 173 patients undergoing subsequent hepatic vein incorporation (median age, 3.9 years; median weight, 15.0 kg) with operative mortality in 6 (3.5%) and major morbidity or mortality in 30 (17.3%). CONCLUSIONS The Kawashima is typically performed between 4 and 12 months with low mortality. Morbidity and mortality were not affected by age. Hepatic vein incorporations may be higher risk than in traditional Fontan procedures, and ways to mitigate this should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Miller
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Hill
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dylan Thibault
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina
| | - Karen Chiswell
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina
| | - Robert H Habib
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marshall L Jacobs
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dilip S Nath
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
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4
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Kaushal S, Hare JM, Shah AM, Pietris NP, Bettencourt JL, Piller LB, Khan A, Snyder A, Boyd RM, Abdullah M, Mishra R, Sharma S, Slesnick TC, Si MS, Chai PJ, Davis BR, Lai D, Davis ME, Mahle WT. Autologous Cardiac Stem Cell Injection in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (CHILD Study). Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:1481-1493. [PMID: 35394149 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mortality in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is strongly correlated with right ventricle (RV) dysfunction. Cell therapy has demonstrated potential improvements of RV dysfunction in animal models related to HLHS, and neonatal human derived c-kit+ cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CPCs) show superior efficacy when compared to adult human cardiac-derived CPCs (aCPCs). Neonatal CPCs (nCPCs) have yet to be investigated in humans. The CHILD trial (Autologous Cardiac Stem Cell Injection in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome) is a Phase I/II trial aimed at investigating intramyocardial administration of autologous nCPCs in HLHS infants by assessing the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of CPC therapy. Using an open-label, multicenter design, CHILD investigates nCPC safety and feasibility in the first enrollment group (Group A/Phase I). In the second enrollment group, CHILD uses a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter design (Group B/Phase II), to assess nCPC efficacy based on RV functional and structural characteristics. The study plans to enroll 32 patients across 4 institutions: Group A will enroll 10 patients, and Group B will enroll 22 patients. CHILD will provide important insights into the therapeutic potential of nCPCs in patients with HLHS.Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home NCT03406884, First posted January 23, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjay Kaushal
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Aakash M Shah
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Nicholas P Pietris
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | | | - Linda B Piller
- School of Public Health, UT Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Abigail Snyder
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Riley M Boyd
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdullah
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Timothy C Slesnick
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive W200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ming-Sing Si
- University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, 11-735, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul J Chai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Emory University Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Barry R Davis
- School of Public Health, UT Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dejian Lai
- School of Public Health, UT Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive W200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, 201 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - William T Mahle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, 201 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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5
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Meyer HM, Marange-Chikuni D, Anaesthesia MM, Zühlke L, Roussow B, Human P, Brooks A. Outcomes After Bidirectional Glenn Shunt in a Tertiary-Care Pediatric Hospital in South Africa. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:1573-1581. [PMID: 35151565 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large data sets have been published on short- and long-term outcomes following bidirectional Glenn surgery (BDG), or partial cavopulmonary connection, in high-income countries. Data from low-income and middle-income countries are few and often limited to the immediate postoperative period. The primary outcome was any in-hospital postoperative complication, assessed according to predefined criteria, in children who underwent BDG surgery at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study authors identified 61 children (<18 years of age) who underwent BDG over 8 years. The median age of patients undergoing BDG was 2.5 years (interquartile range, 1.4-5.5 years). INTERVENTIONS BDG surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Thirty-five patients (57.4%) had a postoperative complication, with some patients (17 of 61, 27.9%) having more than 1 complication. The most frequent complications were infective (29.5%). Univariate analysis found that postoperative complications were associated with the use of nitric oxide (p = 0.004) and a longer duration of anesthesia (p = 0.045) and surgery (p = 0.004). Patients with complications spent longer in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) (p < 0.001) and in the hospital (p < 0.012). On multivariate analysis, a priori risk factors based on previous studies were not found to be statistically significant. A total of 37.3% of patients completed their single-ventricle palliation, and 30.5% of patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Important findings were the older age at which the BDG was performed compared to high-income countries, an acceptable mortality rate of 3.3%, infection being the most common complication, the association of a complication with increased ICU and hospital lengths of stay, and the high rate of patients lost to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Meyer
- Division of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Danai Marange-Chikuni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - MMed Anaesthesia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beyra Roussow
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Human
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre Brooks
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Barron DJ. A Case of the Blues. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6593487. [PMID: 35639765 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J Barron
- Division Head, Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
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7
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Hunt ML, Ittenbach RF, Kaplinski M, Ravishankar C, Rychik J, Steven JM, Fuller SM, Nicolson SC, Spray TL, Gaynor JW, Mascio CE. Outcomes for the superior cavopulmonary connection in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a 30-year experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 58:809-816. [PMID: 32572451 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC). METHODS All hypoplastic left heart syndrome interstage survivors who underwent SCPC between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 2017 were included. The study period was divided into 4 eras based on changes in operative or medical management. Mortality rates were estimated using standard binomial proportions. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for mortality and LOS. RESULTS The most common procedures for the cohort (n = 958) were Hemi-Fontan (57.3%) or Bidrectional Glenn shunt (35.7%). The mortality was 4.1% overall and decreased in all 3 later eras compared to era 1. Factors associated with mortality in a multiple covariate model included longer total support time, earlier gestational age, longer LOS at the Norwood Procedure and need for additional procedures. Overall, the median LOS was 7.0 days with a decrease from eras 1 to 2 and plateaued in eras 3 and 4. Predictors of longer LOS included genetic anomaly, longer Norwood LOS, additional procedures, lower weight at surgery and longer total support time. The type of SCPC was not associated with mortality or LOS. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing SCPC, hospital mortality has decreased significantly. LOS initially declined but plateaued in recent eras. The risk factors for mortality and longer LOS are related to patient and procedural complexity, especially the need for additional procedures at the time of SCPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L Hunt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Kaplinski
- Department of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chitra Ravishankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James M Steven
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Fuller
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan C Nicolson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas L Spray
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J William Gaynor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher E Mascio
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Kido T, Ono M, Anderl L, Burri M, Strbad M, Balling G, Cleuziou J, Hager A, Ewert P, Hörer J. Factors influencing length of intensive care unit stay following a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:124-130. [PMID: 33738489 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to identify the risk factors for prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) after a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) procedure and its impact on the number of deaths. METHODS In total, 556 patients who underwent BCPS between January 1998 and December 2019 were included in the study. RESULTS Eighteen patients died while in the ICU, and 35 died after discharge from the ICU. Reduced ventricular function was significantly associated with death during the ICU stay (P = 0.002). In patients who were discharged alive from the ICU, LOS in the ICU [hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.06; P < 0.001] and a dominant right ventricle (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.03-6.63; P = 0.04) were independent risk factors for death. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a cut-off value for length of ICU stay of 19 days. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; P = 0.04) was a significant risk factor for a prolonged ICU stay. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged LOS in the ICU with a cut-off value of 19 days after BCPS was a significant risk factor for mortality. High pulmonary artery pressure at BCPS was a significant risk factor for a prolonged ICU stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kido
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Masamichi Ono
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Anderl
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Melchior Burri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Strbad
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunter Balling
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Cneter Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Cleuziou
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfred Hager
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Cneter Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Cneter Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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9
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Surgical Timing and Outcomes of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Superior Cavopulmonary Anastomosis: An Analysis of Pediatric Heart Network Public Databases. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:662-667. [PMID: 33416920 PMCID: PMC7791322 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Requiring bilateral superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (bSCPA) instead of unilateral superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (uSCPA) could influence surgical timing and outcomes. We compared surgical timing and outcomes for patients who underwent uSCPA to those who underwent bSCPA through use of the Pediatric Heart Network's public datasets for the Infant Single Ventricle trial and Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial. There was no statistically significant difference in median age at SCPA (158 vs. 150 days, p = 0.68), hospital length of stay (LOS) (7 vs. 7 days, p = 0.74), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (4 vs. 5 days, p = 0.53), time requiring ventilator support (2 vs. 2 days, p = 0.51), or oxygen saturation at discharge (82 vs. 81%, p = 0.22) between the uSCPA and bSCPA groups, respectively. However, sub-analysis comparing only those who underwent early SCPA, at < 120 days of age, revealed significantly longer hospital LOS (8 vs. 13 days, p = 0.04), ICU LOS (5 vs. 11 days, p = 0.01), and time requiring ventilator support (2 vs. 4 days, p = 0.03) for the early bSCPA group when compared to the early uSCPA group. A multivariable logistic regression revealed bSCPA to be the only significant predictor of prolonged hospital LOS for patients who underwent early SCPA (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 1.2-14.2). Overall, there was no difference in surgical timing or outcome measures between uSCPA and bSCPA. However, early bSCPA, performed at < 120 days, had worse outcome measures than early uSCPA. Delaying elective bSCPA until at least 120 days of age could minimize morbidity in infants with bilateral superior venae cavae.
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10
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Vincenti M, Qureshi MY, Niaz T, Seisler DK, Nelson TJ, Cetta F. Loss of Ventricular Function After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Connection: Who Is at Risk? Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:1714-1724. [PMID: 32780223 PMCID: PMC7695669 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Decline of single ventricle systolic function after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BDCPC) is thought to be a transient phenomenon. We analyzed ventricular function after BDCPC according to ventricular morphology and correlated this evolution to long-term prognosis. A review from Mayo Clinic databases was performed. Visually estimated ejection fraction (EF) was reported from pre-BDCPC to pre-Fontan procedure. The last cardiovascular update was collected to assess long-term prognosis. A freedom from major cardiac event survival curve and a risk factor analysis were performed. 92 patients were included; 52 had left ventricle (LV) morphology and 40 had right ventricle (RV) morphology (28/40 had hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)). There were no significant differences in groups regarding BDCPC procedure or immediate post-operative outcome. EF showed a significant and relevant decrease from baseline to discharge in the HLHS group: 59 ± 4% to 49 ± 7% or - 9% (p < 0.01) vs. 58 ± 3% to 54 ± 6% or - 4% in the non-HLHS RV group (p = 0.04) and 61 ± 4% to 60 ± 4% or - 1% in the LV group (p = 0.14). Long-term recovery was the least in the HLHS group: EF prior to Fontan 54 ± 2% vs. 56 ± 6% and 60 ± 4%, respectively (p < 0.01). With a median follow-up of 8 years post-BDCPC, six patients had Fontan circulation failure, four died, and three had heart transplantation. EF less than 50% at hospital discharge after BDCPC was strongly correlated to these major cardiac events (HR 3.89; 95% Cl 1.04-14.52). Patients with HLHS are at great risk of ventricular dysfunction after BDCPC. This is not a transient phenomenon and contributes to worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vincenti
- Todd and Karen Wanek Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Yasir Qureshi
- Todd and Karen Wanek Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Talha Niaz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Drew K Seisler
- Todd and Karen Wanek Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Todd and Karen Wanek Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Frank Cetta
- Todd and Karen Wanek Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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11
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Balloon angioplasty of bidirectional Glenn anastomosis. Cardiol Young 2020; 30:1452-1457. [PMID: 32779565 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951120002292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of the transcatheter balloon dilation of superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (SCPA). BACKGROUND SCPA stenosis can lead to impaired pulmonary blood flow, hypoxemia and development of veno-venous collaterals with right-to-left shunt. Balloon dilation of SCPA has been rarely reported and follow-up information is lacking. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent cardiac catheterisation and angioplasty of SCPA and reviewed patient's demographics, diagnosis, SCPA surgery and post-operative course, catheterisation haemodynamics, procedural technique, angiography, and the findings of follow-up catheterisation. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2017, seven patients showed significant narrowing of SCPA and underwent balloon angioplasty, all of whom had undergone bidirectional Glenn (BDG). Indications for cardiac catheterisation included persistent pleural effusion, hypoxemia, and echocardiographic evidence of BDG stenosis or routine pre-Fontan assessment. Five patients had bilateral SCPA. The procedure was successful in all cases with increase in the stenosis diameter from a median of 3.3 mm (range 1.2-4.7 mm) to a median of 4.7 mm (range 2.6-7.8 mm). All patients had at least one follow-up cardiac catheterisation. Only one patient required repeat angioplasty at the 2.3-month follow-up with no further recurrence. Sustained results and interval growth were noted in all other cases during up to 29 months of follow-up. No adverse events were encountered. CONCLUSION Based on our small series, balloon angioplasty of BDG stenosis is feasible and safe and appears to provide sustained improvement with interval growth and only the rare recurrence of stenosis.
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Kaplinski M, Ittenbach RF, Hunt ML, Stephan D, Natarajan SS, Ravishankar C, Giglia TM, Rychik J, Rome JJ, Mahle M, Kennedy AT, Steven JM, Fuller SM, Nicolson SC, Spray TL, Gaynor JW, Mascio CE. Decreasing Interstage Mortality After the Norwood Procedure: A 30-Year Experience. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016889. [PMID: 32964778 PMCID: PMC7792374 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The superior cavo‐pulmonary connection was introduced at our institution in 1988 for infants undergoing surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome remain at high risk for mortality in the time period between the Norwood procedure and the superior cavo‐pulmonary connection. The primary objectives of this study were to compare interstage mortality across 4 eras and analyze factors that may impact interstage mortality. Methods and Results Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent the Norwood procedure, were discharged from the hospital, and were eligible for superior cavo‐pulmonary connection between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2017, were included. The study period was divided into 4 eras based on changes in operative or medical management. Mortality rates were estimated with 95% CIs. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for mortality. There were 1111 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Overall, interstage mortality was 120/1111 (10.8%). Interstage mortality was significantly lower in era 4 relative to era 1 (4.6% versus 13.4%; P=0.02) during the time that age at the superior cavo‐pulmonary connection was the lowest (135 days; P<0.01) and the interstage monitoring program was introduced. In addition, use of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt was associated with decreased interstage mortality (P=0.02) and was more routinely practiced in era 4. Conclusions During this 30‐year experience, the risk of interstage mortality decreased significantly in the most recent era. Factors that coincide with this finding include younger age at superior cavo‐pulmonary connection, introduction of an interstage monitoring program, and increased use of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kaplinski
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University Palo Alto CA
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Mallory L Hunt
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Donna Stephan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Shobha S Natarajan
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Chitra Ravishankar
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Therese M Giglia
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Jonathan J Rome
- Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Marlene Mahle
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrea T Kennedy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - James M Steven
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Stephanie M Fuller
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Susan C Nicolson
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Thomas L Spray
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - J William Gaynor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Christopher E Mascio
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
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13
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Bidirectional Glenn Procedure in Patients Less Than 3 Months of Age: A 14-Year Experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:622-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Transplantation-free survival after Norwood surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with aortic atresia: A Swedish national cohort study. Cardiol Young 2020; 30:353-360. [PMID: 31920189 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951119003263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norwood surgery has been available in Sweden since 1993. In this national cohort study, we analysed transplantation-free survival after Norwood surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with aortic atresia. METHODS Patients were identified from the complete national cohort of live-born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia 1993-2010. Analysis of survival after surgery was performed using Cox proportional hazards models for the total cohort and for birth period and gender separately. Thirty-day mortality and inter-stage mortality were analysed. Patients were followed until September 2016. RESULTS The 1993-2010 cohort consisted of 208 live-born infants. Norwood surgery was performed in 121/208 (58%). The overall transplantation-free survival was 61/121 (50%). The survival was higher in the late period (10-year survival 63%) than in the early period (10-year survival 40%) (p = 0.010) and lower for female (10-year survival 34%) than for male patients (10-year survival 59%) (p = 0.002). Inter-stage mortality between stages I and II decreased from 23 to 8% (p = 0.008). For male patients, low birthweight in relation to gestational age was a factor associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSION The survival after Norwood surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia improved by era of surgery, mainly explained by improved survival between stages I and II. Female gender was a significant risk factor for death or transplantation. For male patients, there was an increased risk of death when birthweight was lower than expected in relation to gestational age.
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15
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Eckhauser A, Pasquali SK, Ravishankar C, Lambert LM, Newburger JW, Atz AM, Ghanayem N, Schwartz SM, Zhang C, Jacobs JP, Minich LL. Variation in care for infants undergoing the Stage II palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cardiol Young 2018; 28:1109-1115. [PMID: 30039776 PMCID: PMC6156925 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951118000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial randomised neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt strategy. Patients received care according to usual institutional practice. We analysed practice variation at the Stage II surgery to attempt to identify areas for decreased variation and process control improvement. METHODS Prospectively collected data were available in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction public-use database. Practice variation across 14 centres was described for 397 patients who underwent Stage II surgery. Data are centre-level specific and reported as interquartile ranges across all centres, unless otherwise specified. RESULTS Preoperative Stage II median age and weight across centres were 5.4 months (interquartile range 4.9-5.7) and 5.7 kg (5.5-6.1), with 70% performed electively. Most patients had pre-Stage-II cardiac catheterisation (98.5-100%). Digoxin was used by 11/14 centres in 25% of patients (23-31%), and 81% had some oral feeds (68-84%). The majority of the centres (86%) performed a bidirectional Glenn versus hemi-Fontan. Median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 96 minutes (75-113). In aggregate, 26% of patients had deep hypothermic circulatory arrest >10 minutes. In 13/14 centres using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, 12.5% of patients exceeded 10 minutes (8-32%). Seven centres extubated 5% of patients (2-40) in the operating room. Postoperatively, ICU length of stay was 4.8 days (4.0-5.3) and total length of stay was 7.5 days (6-10). CONCLUSIONS In the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, practice varied widely among centres for nearly all perioperative factors surrounding Stage II. Further analysis may facilitate establishing best practices by identifying the impact of practice variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Eckhauser
- 1Department of Surgery,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery,University of Utah,Primary Children's Hospital,Salt Lake City,UT,USA
| | - Sara K Pasquali
- 2Department of Pediatrics,Division of Pediatric Cardiology,University of Michigan,C.S. Mott Children's Hospital,Ann Arbor,MI,USA
| | - Chitra Ravishankar
- 3Department of Pediatrics,Division of Pediatric Cardiology,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,Philadelphia,PA,USA
| | - Linda M Lambert
- 1Department of Surgery,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery,University of Utah,Primary Children's Hospital,Salt Lake City,UT,USA
| | - Jane W Newburger
- 4Department of Cardiology,Boston Children's Hospital,Boston,MA,USA
| | - Andrew M Atz
- 6Department of Pediatrics,Division of Cardiology,Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,SC,USA
| | - Nancy Ghanayem
- 7Department of Pediatrics,Division of Pediatric Critical Care,Baylor College of Medicine,Texas Children's Hospital,Houston,TX,USA
| | - Steven M Schwartz
- 8Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Paediatrics,Divisions of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology,University of Toronto,The Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto,CA,USA
| | - Chong Zhang
- 9Division of Epidemiology,University of Utah,Salt Lake City,UT,USA
| | - Jeffery P Jacobs
- 10Department of Surgery,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery,John's Hopkins University,Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital,St. Petersburg,FL,USA
| | - L LuAnn Minich
- 1Department of Surgery,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery,University of Utah,Primary Children's Hospital,Salt Lake City,UT,USA
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16
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Al-Dairy A, Dehaki MG, Omrani G, Sadeghpour A, Jalali AH, Afjehi RS, Mahdavi M, Salesi M. The Outcomes of Superior Cavopulmonary Connection Operation: a Single Center Experience. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 32:503-507. [PMID: 29267614 PMCID: PMC5731310 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The superior cavopulmonary connection operation is one of the stages of the
palliative surgical management for patients with functionally single
ventricle. After surviving this stage, the patients are potential candidates
for the final palliative procedure: the Fontan operation. Objectives This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of superior cavopulmonary connection
operations in our center and to identify factors affecting the survival and
the progression to Fontan stage. Methods The outcomes of 161 patients were retrospectively analyzed after undergoing
superior cavopulmonary connection operation in our center between 2005 and
2015. Results The early mortality rate was 2.5%. Five (3.1%) patients underwent takedown of
the superior cavopulmonary connection. The rate of exclusion from the Fontan
stage was 8.3%. Statistical analysis revealed that elevated mean pulmonary
artery pressure preoperatively and the prior palliation with pulmonary
artery banding were risk factors for both early mortality and takedown;
however, the age, the morphology of the single ventricle and the type of
operation were not considered risk factors. Conclusion The superior cavopulmonary connection operation can be performed with low
rate mortality and morbidity; however, the elevated mean pulmonary artery
pressure preoperatively and the prior pulmonary artery banding are
associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwaleed Al-Dairy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Gholampour Dehaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Omrani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghpour
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Jalali
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Sadat Afjehi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Congenital Cardiac Surgery of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Salesi
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Kaushal S, Wehman B, Pietris N, Naughton C, Bentzen SM, Bigham G, Mishra R, Sharma S, Vricella L, Everett AD, Deatrick KB, Huang S, Mehta H, Ravekes WA, Hibino N, Difede DL, Khan A, Hare JM. Study design and rationale for ELPIS: A phase I/IIb randomized pilot study of allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cell injection in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Am Heart J 2017; 192:48-56. [PMID: 28938963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical technique and postoperative care, long-term survival of children born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) remains limited, with cardiac transplantation as the only alternative for patients with failing single ventricle circulations. Maintenance of systemic right ventricular function is crucial for long-term survival, and interventions that improve ventricular function and avoid or defer transplantation in patients with HLHS are urgently needed. We hypothesize that the young myocardium of the HLHS patient is responsive to the biological cues delivered by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve and preserve right ventricle function. The ELPIS trial (Allogeneic Human MEsenchymal Stem Cell Injection in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: An Open Label Pilot Study) is a phase I/IIb trial designed to test whether MSC injection will be both safe and feasible by monitoring the first 10 HLHS patients for new major adverse cardiac events. If our toxicity stopping rule is not activated, we will proceed to the phase IIb component of our study where we will test our efficacy hypothesis that MSC injection improves cardiac function compared with surgery alone. Twenty patients will be enrolled in a randomized phase II trial with a uniform allocation to MSC injection versus standard surgical care (no injection). The 2 trial arms will be compared with respect to improvement of right ventricular function, tricuspid valve annulus size, and regurgitation determined by cardiac magnetic resonance and reduced mortality, morbidity, and need for transplantation. This study will establish the safety and feasibility of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell injection in HLHS patients and provide important insights in the emerging field of stem cell-based therapy for congenital heart disease patients.
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18
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Nichay NR, Gorbatykh YN, Kornilov IA, Soynov IA, Kulyabin YY, Gorbatykh AV, Ivantsov SM, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV, Karaskov AM. Risk Factors For Unfavorable Outcomes After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Anastomosis. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017; 8:575-583. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135117728505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCPA) is an important preliminary step toward the Fontan procedure; thus, understanding of risk factors for morbidity and mortality after BCPA may ultimately promote improved rates of success with Fontan completion and general survival. This study evaluated survival and predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients after BCPA. Methods: Clinical data of 157 patients who underwent BCPA from 2003 to 2015 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Three-year and nine-year survival after BCPA were 87.1% ± 2.8% and 85.8% ± 2.9%, respectively. Freedom from unfavorable outcomes (mortality, BCPA takedown, nonsuitability for Fontan procedure) was 83.8% ± 3.1% at three years and 73.5% ± 4.8% at nine years. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC; hazard ratio [HR]: 3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-10.36; P = .01) and increased mean pressure in BCPA circuit (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.34; P = .03) were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. Postoperative mean pressure in BCPA circuit in patients with poor outcomes was median 16 mm Hg (interquartile range [IQR]: 14-18 mm Hg) versus median 14 mm Hg (IQR: 12-15.5 mm Hg) in patients with favorable outcomes ( P < .01). Preoperative (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20-2.91; P < .01) and postoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR; HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24-3.94; P < .01) were also associated with unfavorable outcome in univariate Cox regression. Conclusions: Elevated mean pressure in the BCPA circuit is the main predictor of unfavorable outcome; therefore, thorough preoperative examination and careful patient selection are critical points for successful intermediate-stage and later Fontan completion. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and insufficient correction of AVVR worsen the prognosis in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya R. Nichay
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy N. Gorbatykh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Kornilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A. Soynov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy Y. Kulyabin
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem V. Gorbatykh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M. Ivantsov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Bogachev-Prokophiev
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M. Karaskov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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19
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Iyengar AJ. Invited Commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:680. [PMID: 28734407 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay J Iyengar
- Australia and New Zealand Fontan Registry, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, Australia.
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20
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Meza JM, Hickey EJ, Blackstone EH, Jaquiss RDB, Anderson BR, Williams WG, Cai S, Van Arsdell GS, Karamlou T, McCrindle BW. The Optimal Timing of Stage 2 Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: An Analysis of the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial Public Data Set. Circulation 2017; 136:1737-1748. [PMID: 28687711 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In infants requiring 3-stage single-ventricle palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, attrition after the Norwood procedure remains significant. The effect of the timing of stage 2 palliation (S2P), a physician-modifiable factor, on long-term survival is not well understood. We hypothesized that an optimal interval between the Norwood and S2P that both minimizes pre-S2P attrition and maximizes post-S2P survival exists and is associated with individual patient characteristics. METHODS The National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial public data set was used. Transplant-free survival (TFS) was modeled from (1) Norwood to S2P and (2) S2P to 3 years by using parametric hazard analysis. Factors associated with death or heart transplantation were determined for each interval. To account for staged procedures, risk-adjusted, 3-year, post-Norwood TFS (the probability of TFS at 3 years given survival to S2P) was calculated using parametric conditional survival analysis. TFS from the Norwood to S2P was first predicted. TFS after S2P to 3 years was then predicted and adjusted for attrition before S2P by multiplying by the estimate of TFS to S2P. The optimal timing of S2P was determined by generating nomograms of risk-adjusted, 3-year, post-Norwood, TFS versus the interval from the Norwood to S2P. RESULTS Of 547 included patients, 399 survived to S2P (73%). Of the survivors to S2P, 349 (87%) survived to 3-year follow-up. The median interval from the Norwood to S2P was 5.1 (interquartile range, 4.1-6.0) months. The risk-adjusted, 3-year, TFS was 68±7%. A Norwood-S2P interval of 3 to 6 months was associated with greatest 3-year TFS overall and in patients with few risk factors. In patients with multiple risk factors, TFS was severely compromised, regardless of the timing of S2P and most severely when S2P was performed early. No difference in the optimal timing of S2P existed when stratified by shunt type. CONCLUSIONS In infants with few risk factors, progressing to S2P at 3 to 6 months after the Norwood procedure was associated with maximal TFS. Early S2P did not rescue patients with greater risk factor burdens. Instead, referral for heart transplantation may offer their best chance at long-term survival. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00115934.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Meza
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.).
| | - Edward J Hickey
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Eugene H Blackstone
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Robert D B Jaquiss
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Brett R Anderson
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - William G Williams
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Sally Cai
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Glen S Van Arsdell
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Tara Karamlou
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- From Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.M.M., E.J.H., W.G.W., S.C., G.S.V.A.); Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.H.B.); Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX (R.D.B.J.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (B.R.A.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ (T.K.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.M.)
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Barron DJ, Haq IU, Crucean A, Stickley J, Botha P, Khan N, Jones TJ, Brawn WJ. The importance of age and weight on cavopulmonary shunt (stage II) outcomes after the Norwood procedure: Planned versus unplanned surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:228-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hill GD, Rudd NA, Ghanayem NS, Hehir DA, Bartz PJ. Center Variability in Timing of Stage 2 Palliation and Association with Interstage Mortality: A Report from the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:1516-1524. [PMID: 27558553 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For infants with single-ventricle lesions with aortic arch hypoplasia, the interstage period from discharge following stage 1 palliation (S1P) until stage 2 palliation (S2P) remains high risk. Significant variability among institutions exists around the timing of S2P. We sought to describe institutional variation in timing of S2P, determine the association between timing of S2P and interstage mortality, and determine the impact of earlier S2P on hospital morbidity and mortality. The National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative registry was queried. Centers were divided based on median age at S2P into early (n = 15) and late (n = 16) centers using a cutoff of 153 days. Groups were compared using Chi-squared or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for interstage mortality. The final cohort included 789 patients from 31 centers. There was intra- and inter-center variability in timing of S2P, with the median age by center ranging from 109 to 214 days. Late centers had a higher mortality (9.9 vs. 5.7 %, p = 0.03) than early centers. However, the event rate (late: 8.2 vs. early: 5.8 deaths per 10,000 interstage days) was not different by group (p = 0.26). Survival to hospital discharge and hospital length of stay following S2P were similar between groups. In conclusion, in a large multi-institution collaborative, the median age at S2P varies among centers. Although optimal timing of S2P remains unclear, centers performing early S2P did not experience worse S2P outcomes and experienced less interstage mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garick D Hill
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Nancy A Rudd
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Nancy S Ghanayem
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David A Hehir
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Peter J Bartz
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Division of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Current outcomes of the bi-directional cavopulmonary anastomosis in single ventricle patients: analysis of risk factors for morbidity and mortality, and suitability for Fontan completion. Cardiol Young 2016; 26:288-97. [PMID: 25704070 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951115000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The bi-directional cavopulmonary anastomosis forms an essential staging procedure for univentricular hearts. This review aims to identify risk factors for morbidity, mortality, and suitability for Fontan completion. METHODS A total of 114 patients undergoing cavopulmonary anastomosis between 1992 and 2012 were reviewed to assess primary - mortality and survival to Fontan completion - and secondary outcome endpoints - re-intubation, new drain, and ICU stay. Median age and weight were 8 months and 6.9 kg, respectively. In 83% of patients, 1-3 interventions had preceded. Norwood-type procedures became more prevalent over time. RESULTS Extubation occurred after a median of 4 hours, median ICU stay was 2 days; 10 patients (8.8%) needed re-intubation and 18 received a new drain. Higher central venous pressure and transpulmonary gradient were risk factors for new drain insertion (p<0.01). Higher pre-operative pulmonary pressure correlated with increased inotropic support and prolonged intubation (p=0.01). Need for re-intubation was significantly affected by younger age at operation (p=0.01). Hospital and pre-Fontan mortality were 11.4 and 5.3%, respectively. Operative mortality was independently affected by younger age (p=0.013), lower weight (p=0.02), longer bypass time (p=0.04), and re-intubation (p=0.004). Interstage mortality was mainly influenced by moderate ventricular function (p=0.03); 82% of survivors underwent or are candidates for Fontan completion. CONCLUSION The cavopulmonary anastomosis remains associated with adverse outcomes. Age at operation decreases with rising prevalence of complex univentricular hearts. Considering the important impact of re-intubation on hospital mortality, peri-operative management should focus on optimising cardio-respiratory status. Once this selection step is taken, successful Fontan completion can be expected, provided that ventricular function is maintained.
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Dean PN, McHugh KE, Conaway MR, Hillman DG, Gutgesell HP. Effects of race, ethnicity, and gender on surgical mortality in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:1829-36. [PMID: 23722968 PMCID: PMC4023351 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-013-0723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Information is limited regarding the effect of race, ethnicity, and gender on the outcomes of the three palliative procedures for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). This study examined the effects of race, ethnicity, gender, type of admission, and surgical volume on in-hospital mortality associated with palliative procedures for HLHS between 1998 and 2007 using data from the University HealthSystem Consortium. According to the data, 1,949 patients underwent stage 1 palliation (S1P) with a mortality rate of 29 %, 1,279 patients underwent stage 2 palliations (S2P) with a mortality rate of 5.4 %, and 1,084 patients underwent stage 3 palliation (S3P) with a mortality rate of 4.1 %. The risk factors for increased mortality with S1P were black and "other" race, smaller surgical volume, and early surgical era. The only risk factors for increased mortality with S2P were black race (11 % mortality; odds ratio [OR], 3.19; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.69-6.02) and Hispanic ethnicity (11 % mortality; OR 3.30; 95 % CI 1.64-6.64). For S2P, no racial differences were seen in the top five surgical volume institutions, but racial differences were seen in the non-top-five surgical volume institutions. Mortality with S1P was significantly higher for patients discharged after birth (37 vs 24 %; p = 0.004), and blacks were more likely to be discharged after birth (12 vs 5 % for all other races; p < 0.001). No racial differences with S3P were observed. The risk factors for increased mortality at S1P were black and "other" race, smaller surgical volume, and early surgical era. The risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality with S2P were black race and Hispanic ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Dean
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
| | - Kimberly E. McHugh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark R. Conaway
- Division of Translational Research and Applied Statistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Diane G. Hillman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Howard P. Gutgesell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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