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Iwasieczko A, Jazwiec T, Gaddam M, Gaweda B, Piekarska M, Solarewicz M, Rausch MK, Timek TA. Septal annular dilation in chronic ovine functional tricuspid regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:e393-e403. [PMID: 37061178 PMCID: PMC11088945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annular reduction with prosthetic rings represents the current surgical treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). However, alterations of annular geometry and dynamics associated with FTR are not well characterized. METHODS FTR was induced in 29 adult sheep with either 8 weeks of pulmonary artery banding (PAB, n = 15) or 3 weeks of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC, n = 14). Eight healthy sheep served as controls (CTL). At the terminal procedure, all animals underwent sternotomy, epicardial echocardiography, and implantation of sonomicrometry crystals on the tricuspid annulus (TA) and right ventricular free wall while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Simultaneous hemodynamic, sonomicrometry, and echocardiographic data were acquired after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and stabilization. Annular geometry and dynamics were calculated from 3-dimensional crystal coordinates. RESULTS Mean FTR grade (0-4) was 3.2 ± 1.2 and 3.2 ± 0.5 for PAB and TIC, respectively, with both models of FTR associated with similar degree of right ventricular dysfunction (right ventricular fractional area contraction 38 ± 7% and 37 ± 9% for PAB and TIC, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly reduced in TIC versus baseline (33 ± 9%, vs 58 ± 4%, P = .0001). TA area was 651 ± 109 mm2, 881 ± 242 mm2, and 995 ± 232 mm2 for CTL, FTR, and TIC, respectively (P = .006) with TA area contraction of 16.6 ± 4.2%, 11.5 ± 8.0%, and 6.0 ± 4.0%, respectively (P = .003). Septal annulus increased from 33.8 ± 3.1 mm to 39.7 ± 6.4 mm and 43.1 ± 3.2 mm for CTL, PAB, and TIC, respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Ovine FTR was associated with annular dilation and reduced annular area contraction. Significant dilation of septal annulus was observed in both models of FTR. As tricuspid rings do not completely stabilize the septal annulus, continued remodeling may contribute to recurrent FTR after repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Iwasieczko
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Mich; Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Jadwiga Provincial Clinical Hospital, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jazwiec
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Manikantam Gaddam
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Mich
| | - Boguslaw Gaweda
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Mich; Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Jadwiga Provincial Clinical Hospital, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - M Solarewicz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Mich
| | - Manuel K Rausch
- Departments of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
| | - Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Mich.
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Bieliauskienė G, Kažukauskienė I, Janušauskas V, Zorinas A, Ručinskas K, Mainelis A, Zakarkaitė D. The Early Effects on Tricuspid Annulus and Right Chambers Dimensions in Successful Tricuspid Valve Bicuspidization. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4093. [PMID: 37373786 PMCID: PMC10299602 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear to what degree of tricuspid annulus (TA) reduction is necessary to achieve good postoperative results in surgical bicuspidization. The study aimed to evaluate TA and right heart chamber's dimensions before and after heart surgery; and to compare TA parameters assessed by different modalities. METHODS Forty patients underwent mitral valve surgery with or without concomitant tricuspid valve (TV) bicuspidization. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of TA dimensions were performed prospectively using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Additionally, preoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) was performed in the operating room prior to surgery. RESULTS All patients had no or mild TR immediately after surgery. There was a significant reduction in 2D and 3D parameters of the TV and right chambers in the TV bicuspidization group. However, TV leaflets' tethering parameters did not change significantly. Preoperative 3D TTE measurements were smaller than those obtained through 3D TOE in the operation room, before surgery under general anesthesia. The 2D systolic apical 4Ch diameter and the parasternal short axis diameter mainly represent the 3D minor axis of the TA and are smaller than its 3D major axis. CONCLUSIONS Although bicuspidization results in a one-third reduction of the TV area, tethering of the TV leaflets remains unchanged. Moreover, 3D TOE parameters of the TV under general anesthesia are larger than preoperative 3D TTE measurements. Conventional 2D measurements are insufficient for evaluating the maximum diameter of the TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Bieliauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Kažukauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Janušauskas
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksejus Zorinas
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Ručinskas
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Mainelis
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Zakarkaitė
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Kuwajima K, Kagawa S, Yamane T, Hasegawa H, Makar M, Makkar RR, Shiota T. Comparison of Residual Tricuspid Regurgitation Severity Assessed by Intraprocedural and Postprocedural Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:4555-4557. [PMID: 36180287 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kuwajima
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takafumi Yamane
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hiroko Hasegawa
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA
| | - Moody Makar
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raj R Makkar
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takahiro Shiota
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA.
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Jouan J, Craiem D, Masari I, Bliah V, Soulat G, Mousseaux E. Morphological and Dynamic Analysis of the Right Atrioventricular Junction in Healthy Subjects with 4D Computed Tomography. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2022; 13:699-711. [PMID: 35167041 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve knowledge of the tricuspid valve and right atrioventricular junction (RAVJ) coupling, four-dimensional (4D) imaging is mandatory (3D + time). Based on multiphase cardiac-volume computed tomography (CT) and innovative 4D analysis, we proposed to assess dynamical features of tricuspid annulus (TA) in relation to the right ventricle (RV) and right atrial (RA) functions. METHODS Cardiac-volume CT data sets through time were obtained in 30 healthy patients (Male 57%, mean age 57 ± 11 years). Using an in-house software, 3D semi-automated delineation of 18 points around TA perimeter were defined through 10 cardiac phases within RR interval and used to calculate TA features such as 3D/2D areas, perimeters, 360°-diameters and vertical deformation. RV and RA inner contours were also delineated. Bi-dimensional parameters were compared with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) measurements. RESULTS TA was elliptical in horizontal projection with a maximal eccentricity index (EcImax) of 0.58 ± 0.12; and saddle-shaped in vertical projection with a horn nearby the antero-septal commissure. This feature remained throughout the cardiac cycle, but TA was more planar and less circular in late diastole (TA-height: 4.53 ± 1.06 mm, EcImax = 0.61 ± 0.14) when TA 3D area and perimeter reached a maximum of 7.05 ± 1.23 and 7.48 ± 0.93cm/m2, respectively. Correlations between minimal and maximal TA 3D areas and TA Projected 2D areas were excellent (r = 0.993 and r = 0.995, p < 0.001). TA 2D area measurements by MPR overestimated the projected values by 22 to 24%. Correlation between RV concentric strain and TA maximal diameter shortening was r = 0.452 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-volume CT improves physiological knowledge of the relationships between the RAVJ components in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Jouan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Limoges, Dupuytren 2, 16 rue Bernard Descottes, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France. .,University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France. .,INSERM U970, Paris, France.
| | - Damian Craiem
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Masari
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginie Bliah
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Soulat
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Paris, France.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Elie Mousseaux
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Paris, France.,Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
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Iwasieczko A, Malinowski M, Solarewicz M, Bush J, MacDougall B, Rausch M, Timek TA. Impact of reductive tricuspid ring annuloplasty on right ventricular size, geometry and strain in an ovine model of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 35:6628589. [PMID: 35781336 PMCID: PMC9270866 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Reductive ring annuloplasty of the tricuspid annulus represents the contemporary surgical approach to functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). We set out to investigate the influence of moderate reductive tricuspid ring annuloplasty on tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular (RV) size, geometry and strain in an ovine model of chronic FTR.
METHODS
Eight healthy Dorsett male sheep (62.8 + 2kg) underwent a left thoracotomy for placement and tightening of pulmonary artery band to at least double proximal pulmonary artery blood pressure. After 8 weeks of recovery, animals underwent sternotomy, epicardial echocardiography and sonomicrometry crystal implantation. Six crystals were placed around tricuspid annulus and 13 on RV free wall epicardium along 3 parallels defining 3 wall regions (basal, mid and lower) and 1 on the RV apex. All animals underwent beating heart implantation of 26 mm MC3 annuloplasty ring during a second cardiopulmonary bypass run after baseline data acquisition. Simultaneous haemodynamic, sonomicrometry and echocardiography data were acquired at Baseline and after reductive tricuspid ring annuloplasty.
RESULTS
Implantation of reductive ring annuloplasty resulted in 47 ± 7% annular area reduction (996 ± 152 mm vs 516 ± 52 mm2, P = 0.0002) and significantly decreased RV end-diastolic volume (185 ± 27 vs 165 ± 30 ml, P = 0.02). Tricuspid ring annuloplasty effectively reduced FTR grade (3.75 ± 0.6 vs 0.3 ± 0.5, P = 0.00004) and had little influence on RV function, cross-sectional area, radius of curvature or free wall regional strains.
CONCLUSIONS
In adult sheep with 8 weeks of pulmonary artery banding and FTR, tricuspid annulus reduction of 47% with prosthetic ring annuloplasty effectively abolished FTR while maintaining regional RV function and strain patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Iwasieczko
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health , Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery, District Hospital No. 2, University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marcin Malinowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice , Katowice, Poland
| | - Monica Solarewicz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health , Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jared Bush
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health , Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Brian MacDougall
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health , Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Manuel Rausch
- Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Engineering and Science, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health , Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Jazwiec T, Malinowski M, Ferguson H, Wodarek J, Quay N, Bush J, Goehler M, Parker J, Rausch M, Timek TA. Effect of variable annular reduction on functional tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dynamics in an ovine model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:e277-e286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Malinowski M, Jazwiec T, Ferguson H, Bush J, Rausch MK, Timek TA. Tricuspid leaflet kinematics after annular size reduction in ovine functional tricuspid regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 164:e353-e366. [PMID: 33685738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tricuspid annular size reduction with annuloplasty rings represents the foundation of surgical repair of functional tricuspid regurgitation. However, the precise effect of annular size reduction on leaflet motion and geometry remains unknown. METHODS Ten sheep underwent surgical implantation of a pacemaker with an epicardial lead and were paced 200-240 beats/min to achieve biventricular dysfunction and functional tricuspid regurgitation. Subsequently, sonomicrometry crystals were implanted on the right ventricle, the tricuspid annulus, and on the belly of anterior, posterior, and septal tricuspid leaflets. Double-layer polypropylene suture was placed around the tricuspid annulus and externalized to a tourniquet. Simultaneous echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and sonomicrometry data were acquired with functional tricuspid regurgitation and during 5 consecutive annular reduction steps. Annular area, tenting height, and volume, together with each leaflet strain, radial length, and angles, were calculated from crystal coordinates. RESULTS Rapid pacing reduced both left ventricle and right ventricle function and induced functional tricuspid regurgitation (0-3+) in all animals (from 0 ± 0 to 2.4 ± 0.7, P = .002), whereas tricuspid annulus diameter increased from 2.6 ± 0.3 cm to 3.3 ± 0.3 cm (P = .001). Tricuspid annular size reduction 1 to 5 resulted in 16% ± 7%, 37% ± 11%, 55% ± 11%, 66% ± 10%, and 76% ± 8% tricuspid annulus area reduction, respectively, and successively decreased tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid annular size reduction 2 to 5 induced anterior and posterior leaflet restricted motion and lower diastolic motion velocities. Tricuspid annular size reduction 5 perturbed septal leaflet range of motion but preserved its angle velocities. Tricuspid annular size reduction 3-5 generated compressive strains in all leaflets. CONCLUSIONS Tricuspid annular area reduction of 55% perturbed anterior and posterior leaflet motion while maintaining normal septal leaflet movement. More extreme reduction triggered profound changes in anterior and posterior leaflet motion, suggesting that aggressive undersizing impairs leaflet kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Malinowski
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jazwiec
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich; Department of Cardiac, Vascular, and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia School of Medicine in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Haley Ferguson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich
| | - Jared Bush
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich
| | - Manuel K Rausch
- Departments of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex
| | - Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich.
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The influence of tricuspid annuloplasty prostheses on ovine annular geometry and kinematics. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:e191-e207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sakata T, Mogi K, Matsuura K, Sakurai M, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Matsumiya G, Takahara Y. Mid-term functional recovery after tricuspid annuloplasty concomitant with left-sided valve surgery. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 69:662-672. [PMID: 33011880 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the impact of tricuspid annuloplasty concomitant with left-sided valve surgery on the right ventricular (RV) function in patients with mild or more tricuspid regurgitation (TR). METHODS We enrolled 136 patients with mild or more TR who underwent left-sided valve surgery. Seventy-three patients underwent left-sided valve surgery alone (group non-T) and 63 underwent concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty (group T). The echocardiographic data at the latest follow-up (mean 1019 days) were compared using multiple regression analysis to adjust cofounding factors. Propensity score was calculated and included in the analysis as a covariate. In addition, propensity score matching was used for sensitive analysis (12 pairs). RESULTS In group non-T, there were more aortic valve surgeries, and fewer mitral valve surgeries. At baseline, body surface area, New York Heart Association class, and prevalence of atrial fibrillation were significantly different between groups. On preoperative echocardiography, left and right atrial diameter, RV diameter, and tricuspid annular diameter were larger in group T, whereas there was no significant difference in RV fractional area change. In multiple regression analyses, RV diameter in diastole was significantly lower and RV fractional area change was significantly higher at the follow-up period in group T. These results were not attenuated even in subgroup analysis in patients with only mild TR or mitral valve surgery alone. CONCLUSION Among patients with mild or more TR, RV dimensional and functional recovery was not obtained with left-sided valve surgery alone. Adding tricuspid annuloplasty may potentially achieve both outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sakata
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Chiba, Funabashi, 273-8588, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mogi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Chiba, Funabashi, 273-8588, Japan
| | - Kaoru Matsuura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakurai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Chiba, Funabashi, 273-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Goro Matsumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Takahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Chiba, Funabashi, 273-8588, Japan
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Jazwiec T, Malinowski MJ, Ferguson H, Parker J, Mathur M, Rausch MK, Timek TA. Tricuspid Valve Anterior Leaflet Strains in Ovine Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:356-364. [PMID: 32977016 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is thought to arise due to annular dilation and alteration of right ventricular (RV) geometry in the presence of normal leaflets, yet mitral leaflets have been shown to remodel significantly in functional mitral regurgitation. We set out to evaluate tricuspid valve anterior leaflet deformations in ovine FTR. Eleven animals (FTR group) underwent implantation of a pacemaker with high rate pacing to induce biventricular dysfunction and at least moderate TR. Subsequently, both FTR (n = 11) and Control (n = 12) animals underwent implantation of 6 sonomicrometry crystals around the tricuspid annulus, 4 on the anterior leaflet, and 14 on RV epicardium. Tricuspid valve geometry and anterior leaflet strains were calculated from crystal coordinates. Left ventricular ejection fraction and RV fractional area change were significantly lower in FTR animals versus Control. Tricuspid annular area, septo-lateral diameter, RV pressures were all significantly greater in the FTR group. Mean TR grade (+0-3) was 0.7 ± 0.5 in Control and 2.4 ± 0.5 in FTR (P = < 0.001). The anterior leaflet area and length increased significantly. Global radial leaflet strain was significantly lower in FTR mostly driven by decreased free edge leaflet strain. Global circumferential anterior leaflet strain was also significantly lower in FTR with more remarkable reduction in the belly region. Rapid ventricular pacing in sheep resulted in a clinically pertinent model of RV and annular dilation with FTR and leaflet enlargement. Both circumferential and radial anterior leaflet strains were significantly reduced with FTR. Functional TR may be associated with alteration of leaflet mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jazwiec
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin J Malinowski
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Haley Ferguson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jessica Parker
- Research Department, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Mrudang Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Manuel K Rausch
- Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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Jazwiec T, Malinowski M, Bush J, Goehler M, Quay N, Parker J, Langholz DE, Timek TA. Right ventricular free wall stress after tricuspid valve annuloplasty in acute ovine right heart failure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:759-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Mathur M, Jazwiec T, Meador WD, Malinowski M, Goehler M, Ferguson H, Timek TA, Rausch MK. Tricuspid valve leaflet strains in the beating ovine heart. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1351-1361. [PMID: 30980211 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tricuspid leaflets coapt during systole to facilitate proper valve function and, thus, ensure efficient transport of deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Between their open state and closed state, the leaflets undergo large deformations. Quantification of these deformations is important for our basic scientific understanding of tricuspid valve function and for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. To date, tricuspid valve leaflet strains have never been directly quantified in vivo. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we implanted four sonomicrometry crystals per tricuspid leaflet and six crystals along the tricuspid annulus in a total of five sheep. In the beating ovine hearts, we recorded crystal coordinates alongside hemodynamic data. Once recorded, we used a finite strain kinematic framework to compute the temporal evolutions of area strain, radial strain, and circumferential strain for each leaflet. We found that leaflet strains were larger in the anterior leaflet than the posterior and septal leaflets. Additionally, we found that radial strains were larger than circumferential strains. Area strains were as large as 97% in the anterior leaflet, 31% in the posterior leaflet, and 31% in the septal leaflet. These data suggest that tricuspid valve leaflet strains are significantly larger than those in the mitral valve. Should our findings be confirmed they could suggest either that the mechanobiological equilibrium of tricuspid valve resident cells is different than that of mitral valve resident cells or that the mechanotransductive apparatus between the two varies. Either phenomenon may have important implications for the development of tricuspid valve-specific surgical techniques and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - T Jazwiec
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - W D Meador
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Room 7.620, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - M Malinowski
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Goehler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - H Ferguson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - T A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - M K Rausch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Room 7.620, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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13
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DABIRI Y, YAO J, SACK KL, KASSAB GS, GUCCIONE JM. Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation Decreases after MitraClip Implantation: Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation. MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 97:96-100. [PMID: 31439968 PMCID: PMC6706066 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Untreated tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased rates of mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization. Current pharmacological and surgical treatment options for TR are limited. MitraClip (MC), an edge-to-edge percutaneous intervention, has been reported to be effective for treatment of TR. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of MC position on TR, using a multiphysics fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) analysis. The computational set up included the tricuspid valve (TV), the chordae tendineae, the blood particles, and a tube that surrounded the leaflets and blood particles. The leaflets and chordae were modeled as hyperelastic materials, and blood was modeled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. FSI analysis was conducted for blood flow through the closed valve for multiple simulations that account for normal, diseased, and treated conditions of the TV. To simulate the diseased TV, a group of chordae between septal and pulmonary leaflets were removed from the normal TV, which produced increased regurgitation. Four MC treated scenarios were considered: i) one MC near the annulus, ii) one MC approximately midway between the annulus and leaflet tip, iii) one MC near the leaflet tip, iv) two MCs: one approximately midway between the annulus and leaflet tip, and one close to the leaflet tip. The TR increased in diseased TV (7.5%) compared to normal TV (2.5%). All MC treated scenarios decreased TR. The MC located near the midway point between the annulus and leaflet tip led to largest decrease in TR (75.2% compared to the untreated condition). The MC located near the leaflet tip was associated with lowest reduction in TR (2.2% compared to the untreated condition). When two MCs were used, reduction in TR was relatively high (68.7%), but TR was not improved compared to the optimal single MC. MC caused high stresses in the vicinity of the clipping area in all conditions; the highest occurred when the MC was near the leaflet tips. Using a quantitative computational approach, we confirm previous clinical reports on the efficacy of MC for treatment of TR. The results of this study could lead to the design of more efficient MC interventions for TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub DABIRI
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jiang YAO
- Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp, 1301 Atwood Avenue, Suite 101W, Johnston, RI 02919, USA
| | - Kevin L. SACK
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ghassan S. KASSAB
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Julius M. GUCCIONE
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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14
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Singh-Gryzbon S, Siefert AW, Pierce EL, Yoganathan AP. Tricuspid Valve Annular Mechanics: Interactions with and Implications for Transcatheter Devices. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2019; 10:193-204. [PMID: 30756336 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-019-00405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the interventional treatment of tricuspid valve regurgitation, the majority of prosthetic devices interact with or are implanted to the tricuspid valve annulus. For new transcatheter technologies, there exists a growing body of clinical experience, literature, and professional discourse related to the difficulties in delivering, securing, and sustaining the function of these devices within the dynamic tricuspid annulus. Many of the difficulties arise from circumstances not encountered in open-heart surgery, namely; a non-arrested heart, indirect visualization, and a reliance on non-suture-based methods. These challenges require the application of procedural techniques or system designs to account for tricuspid annular motion, forces, and underlying tissue strength. Improved knowledge in these interactions will support the goals of improving device systems, their procedures, and patient outcomes. This review aims to describe current concepts of tricuspid annular mechanics, key device and procedural implications, and highlight current knowledge gaps for future consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Singh-Gryzbon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Technology Enterprise Park, 387 Technology Circle NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA
| | - Andrew W Siefert
- Cardiac Implants LLC, 25 Lake Terrace, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Eric L Pierce
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Technology Enterprise Park, 387 Technology Circle NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA
| | - Ajit P Yoganathan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Technology Enterprise Park, 387 Technology Circle NW, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA.
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15
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Burns DJP. Commentary: Ongoing advancements in the understanding of tricuspid valve dynamics and functional geometry. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:1463-1464. [PMID: 30396727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J P Burns
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
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16
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When should we assess tricuspid regurgitation severity? Preoperatively, while the patient is awake. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1512-1513. [PMID: 29884494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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