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Ma Z, Liu L, Tian J, Tu C, Zhang D, Zhang M, Zhang H, An Z, Sun M, Zhang H, Song X. Causal Relationships between Lymphocyte Subsets and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:326. [PMID: 39355583 PMCID: PMC11440411 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2509326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the causal relationship between lymphocyte subsets and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. Therefore, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the association between lymphocyte subsets and CAD. Methods We performed a two-sample MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets. The primary method of analysis to comprehensively evaluate causal effects was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. The four additional MR approaches were MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analysis incorporated Cochran's Q and MR-Egger intercept tests to identify residual heterogeneity and potential horizontal pleiotropy, respectively. The MR-PRESSO distortion test was applied to identify potential pleiotropic outliers. Leave-one-out analysis confirmed that no single single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly affected the MR estimate. We conducted reverse MR analysis to investigate the impact of variables correlated with outcomes in forward MR analysis. Results The IVW method revealed a significant positive association between B cell count and CAD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.11), p = 2.67 × 10-5). A similar association was observed between B cell count and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.11), p = 5.69 × 10-4). Sensitivity analyses detected no outliers, heterogeneity, or pleiotropy. The reverse MR analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of CAD and MI on B cell count, and the IVW results showed no statistical significance. Conclusions Our study suggests that a higher absolute B cell count is linked to an increased risk of CAD and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jinfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Tu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Mingduo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu An
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Meichen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
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2
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Chen Y, Huang J, Li Y, Chen Y, Gong Z, Xu M, Ma Y, Hu D, Peng X, Xu G, Cai S, Liu L, Zhao W, Zhao H. Bongkrekic acid alleviates airway inflammation via breaking the mPTP/mtDAMPs/RAGE feedback loop in a steroid-insensitive asthma model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117111. [PMID: 39013220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is critical in the pathogenesis of asthma. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulates the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Bongkrekic acid (BKA) is a highly selective inhibitor of mPTP opening, participates the progression of various diseases. This research investigated the exact roles of BKA and mPTP in the pathogenesis of asthma and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, cytochrome c, one of the mtDAMPs, levels were elevated in asthmatic patients, and associated to airway inflammation and airway obstruction. BKA, the inhibitor of mPTP markedly reversed TDI-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Pretreatment with mitochondrial precipitation, to simulate the release of mtDAMPs, further increased TDI-induced airway inflammation and the expression of RAGE in mice. Administration of the inhibitor of RAGE, FPS-ZM1, alleviated the airway inflammation, the abnormal open of mPTP and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mtDAMPs and TDI. Furthermore, stimulation with different mtDAMPs activated RAGE signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. Accordingly, our study indicated that mPTP was important and BKA was efficient in alleviating inflammation in TDI-induced asthma. A positive feedback loop involving mPTP, mtDAMPs and RAGE was present in TDI-induced asthma, indicating that mPTP might serve as a potential therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junwen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuemao Li
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaoxin Chen
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoqian Gong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Maosheng Xu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dapeng Hu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianru Peng
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guilin Xu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenqu Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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3
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Zhang M, Cai Y, Zhong X, Liu W, Lin Y, Qiu Z, Liang R, Wei H, Wu K, Liu Q. Effects of cell-free DNA on kidney disease and intervention strategies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377874. [PMID: 38835660 PMCID: PMC11148383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease has become a global public health problem. Patients with end-stage kidney disease must rely on dialysis or undergo renal transplantation, placing heavy burdens on their families and society. Therefore, it is important to develop new therapeutic targets and intervention strategies during early stages of chronic kidney disease. The widespread application of liquid biopsy has led to an increasing number of studies concerning the roles of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in kidney disease. In this review, we summarize relevant studies concerning the roles of cfDNA in kidney disease and describe various strategies for targeted removal of cfDNA, with the goal of establishing novel therapeutic approaches for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Yubin Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Xiaoze Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Zhanyi Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Ruihuang Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Huibo Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Kefei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Chang H, Chen E, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen C. Communication Regarding the Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion and Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Literature Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1545-1570. [PMID: 38277294 PMCID: PMC10894588 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a prevalent ischemic disease that results in insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries. Various reperfusion strategies, including pharmacological thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention, have been developed to enhance blood flow restoration. However, these interventions can lead to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), which can cause unpredictable complications. Recent research has highlighted a compelling association between MI/RI and cognitive function, revealing pathophysiological mechanisms that may explain altered brain cognition. Manifestations in the brain following MI/RI exhibit pathological features resembling those observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), implying a potential link between MI/RI and the development of AD. The pro-inflammatory state following MI/RI may induce neuroinflammation via systemic inflammation, while impaired cardiac function can result in cerebral under-perfusion. This review delves into the role of extracellular vesicles in transporting deleterious substances from the heart to the brain during conditions of MI/RI, potentially contributing to impaired cognition. Addressing the cognitive consequence of MI/RI, the review also emphasizes potential neuroprotective interventions and pharmacological treatments within the MI/RI model. In conclusion, the review underscores the significant impact of MI/RI on cognitive function, summarizes potential mechanisms of cardio-cerebral communication in the context of MI/RI, and offers ideas and insights for the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction following MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Terry AQ, Kojima H, Sosa RA, Kaldas FM, Chin JL, Zheng Y, Naini BV, Noguchi D, Nevarez-Mejia J, Jin YP, Busuttil RW, Meyer AS, Gjertson DW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Reed EF. Disulfide-HMGB1 signals through TLR4 and TLR9 to induce inflammatory macrophages capable of innate-adaptive crosstalk in human liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1858-1871. [PMID: 37567451 PMCID: PMC11095628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) contributes to graft rejection and poor clinical outcomes. The disulfide form of high mobility group box 1 (diS-HMGB1), an intracellular protein released during OLT-IRI, induces pro-inflammatory macrophages. How diS-HMGB1 differentiates human monocytes into macrophages capable of activating adaptive immunity remains unknown. We investigated if diS-HMGB1 binds toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR9 to differentiate monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages that activate adaptive immunity and promote graft injury and dysfunction. Assessment of 106 clinical liver tissue and longitudinal blood samples revealed that OLT recipients were more likely to experience IRI and graft dysfunction with increased diS-HMGB1 released during reperfusion. Increased diS-HMGB1 concentration also correlated with TLR4/TLR9 activation, polarization of monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages, and production of anti-donor antibodies. In vitro, healthy volunteer monocytes stimulated with purified diS-HMGB1 had increased inflammatory cytokine secretion, antigen presentation machinery, and reactive oxygen species production. TLR4 inhibition primarily impeded cytokine/chemokine and costimulatory molecule programs, whereas TLR9 inhibition decreased HLA-DR and reactive oxygen species production. diS-HMGB1-polarized macrophages also showed increased capacity to present antigens and activate T memory cells. In murine OLT, diS-HMGB1 treatment potentiated ischemia-reperfusion-mediated hepatocellular injury, accompanied by increased serum alanine transaminase levels. This translational study identifies the diS-HMGB1/TLR4/TLR9 axis as potential therapeutic targets in OLT-IRI recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Q Terry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fady M Kaldas
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jackson L Chin
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bita V Naini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daisuke Noguchi
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Nevarez-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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6
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Xie D, Guo H, Li M, Jia L, Zhang H, Liang D, Wu N, Yang Z, Tian Y. Splenic monocytes mediate inflammatory response and exacerbate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mitochondrial cell-free DNA-TLR9-NLRP3-dependent fashion. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:44. [PMID: 37814087 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The spleen contributes importantly to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) recruits inflammasomes, initiating inflammatory responses and mediating tissue injury. We hypothesize that myocardial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) activates the splenic NLRP3 inflammasome during early reperfusion, increases systemic inflammatory response, and exacerbates myocardial infarct. Mice were subjected to 40 min of ischemia followed by 0, 1, 5, or 15 min, or 24 h of reperfusion. Splenic leukocyte adoptive transfer was performed by injecting isolated splenocytes to mice with splenectomy performed prior to left coronary artery occlusion. CY-09 (4 mg/kg) was administered 5 min before reperfusion. During post-ischemic reperfusion, splenic protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly elevated and peaked (2.1 ± 0.2-, 3.4 ± 0.4-, and 3.2 ± 0.2-fold increase respectively, p < 0.05) within 5 min of reperfusion. In myocardial tissue, NLRP3 was not upregulated until 24 h after reperfusion. Suppression by CY09, a specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, or deficiency of NLRP3 significantly reduced myocardial infarct size (17.3% ± 4.2% and 33.2% ± 1.8% decrease respectively, p < 0.01). Adoptive transfer of NLRP3-/- splenocytes to WT mice significantly decreased infarct size compared to transfer of WT splenocytes (19.1% ± 2.8% decrease, p < 0.0001). NLRP3 was mainly activated at 5 min after reperfusion in CD11b+ and LY6G- splenocytes, which significantly increased during reperfusion (24.8% ± 0.7% vs.14.3% ± 0.6%, p < 0.0001). The circulating cfDNA level significantly increased in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (43.3 ± 5.3 ng/mL, compared to pre-CPB 23.8 ± 3.5 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Mitochondrial cfDNA (mt-cfDNA) contributed to NLRP3 activation in macrophages (2.1 ± 0.2-fold increase, p < 0.01), which was inhibited by a Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9) inhibitor. The NLRP3 inflammasome in splenic monocytes is activated and mediates the inflammatory response shortly after reperfusion onset, exacerbating MI/R injury in mt-cfDNA/TLR9-dependent fashion. The schema reveals splenic NLRP3 mediates the inflammatory response in macrophages and exacerbates MI/R in a mitochondrial cfDNA/ TLR9-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hanliang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Mingbiao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Degang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Naishi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Zheng X, Lu J, Liu J, Zhou L, He Y. HMGB family proteins: Potential biomarkers and mechanistic factors in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115118. [PMID: 37437373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most fatal disease that causes sudden death, and inflammation contributes substantially to its occurrence and progression. The prevalence of CVD increases as the population ages, and the pathophysiology is complex. Anti-inflammatory and immunological modulation are the potential methods for CVD prevention and treatment. High-Mobility Group (HMG) chromosomal proteins are one of the most abundant nuclear nonhistone proteins which act as inflammatory mediators in DNA replication, transcription, and repair by producing cytokines and serving as damage-associated molecular patterns in inflammatory responses. The most common and well-studied HMG proteins are those with an HMGB domain, which participate in a variety of biological processes. HMGB1 and HMGB2 were the first members of the HMGB family to be identified and are present in all investigated eukaryotes. Our review is primarily concerned with the involvement of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in CVD. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical framework for diagnosing and treating CVD by discussing the structure and function of HMGB1 and HMGB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liufang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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8
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Tan E, Liu D, Perry L, Zhu J, Cid-Serra X, Deane A, Yeo C, Ajani A. Cell-free DNA as a potential biomarker for acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 47:101246. [PMID: 37560328 PMCID: PMC10407200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue necrosis releases cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA), leading to rapid increases in plasma concentration with clearance independent of kidney function. AIM To explore the diagnostic role of cfDNA in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies of cfDNA in patients with AMI and a comparator group without AMI. The quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used, with AMI determined from the criteria of the original study. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were obtained using a random-effects inverse variance model. Heterogeneity was reported as I2. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were computed using a bivariate model. The area under the curve (AUC) was estimated from a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve. RESULTS Seventeen studies were identified involving 1804 patients (n = 819 in the AMI group, n = 985 in the comparator group). Circulating cfDNA concentrations were greater in the AMI group (SMD 3.47 (95%CI: 2.54-4.41, p < 0.001)). The studies were of variable methodological quality with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 98%, p < 0.001), possibly due to the differences in cfDNA quantification methodologies (Chi2 25.16, p < 0.001, I2 = 92%). Diagnostic accuracy was determined using six studies (n = 804), which yielded a sensitivity of 87% (95%CI: 72%-95%) and specificity of 96% (95%CI: 92%-98%). The AUC was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93-0.98). Two studies reported a relationship between peak cfDNA and peak troponin. No studies reported data for patients with pre-existing kidney impairment. CONCLUSION Plasma cfDNA appears to be a reliable biomarker of myocardial injury. Inferences from existing results are limited owing to methodology heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Tan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke Perry
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Zhu
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ximena Cid-Serra
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Deane
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Andrew Ajani
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Wang CL, Wang Y, Jiang QL, Zeng Y, Yao QP, Liu X, Li T, Jiang J. DNase I and Sivelestat Ameliorate Experimental Hindlimb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Eliminating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:707-721. [PMID: 36852300 PMCID: PMC9961174 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s396049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the hindlimb. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant DNase I and sivelestat in eliminating NETs and their effects on IRI limbs. Patients and Methods An air pump was used to apply a pressure of 300 mmHg to the root of the right hindlimb of the rat for 2 h and then deflated to replicate the IRI model. The formation of NETs was determined by the detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and histone H3 in the skeletal muscles of the hindlimbs. Animals were administered 2.5 mg/kg bw/d DNase I, 15 or 60 mg/kg bw/d sivelestat by injection into the tail vein or intramuscularly into the ischemic area for 7d. Elimination of NETs, hindlimb perfusion, muscle fibrosis, angiogenesis and motor function were assessed. Results DNase I reduced NETs, attenuated muscle fibrosis, promoted angiogenesis in IRI area and improved limb motor function. Local administration of DNase I improved hindlimb perfusion more than intravenous administration. Sivelestat at a dose of 15 mg/kg bw/d increased perfusion, counteracted skeletal muscle fibrosis, promoted angiogenesis and enhanced motor function. However, sivelestat at a dosage of 60 mg/kg bw/d had an adverse effect on tissue repair, especially when injected locally. Conclusion Both DNase I and moderate doses of sivelestat can eliminate IRI-derived NETs. They improve hindlimb function by improving perfusion and angiogenesis, preventing muscle fibrosis. Appropriate administration mode and dosage is the key to prevent IRI by elimination of NETs. DNase I is more valid when administered topically and sivelestat is more effective when administered intravenously. These results will provide a better strategy for the treatment of IRI in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Jiang; Tao Li, Email ;
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary heart disease (CHD) contributes to the majority of cardiovascular deaths. With the development of precision medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease are becoming more refined and individualized. Molecular diagnosis technology and individualized treatment are gradually applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD. It is great significance to seek sensitive biological indicators to help early diagnosis and improve prognosis of CHD. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive technique, which is widely used to detect molecular biomarkers of tumors without invasive biopsy. Compared with the field of oncology, it is not easy to get the diseased tissue in CVD, especially CHD. Therefore, the idea of "fluid biopsy" is very attractive, and its progress may provide new and useful noninvasive indicators for CHD. By analyzing circulating cells or their products in blood, saliva, and urine samples, we can investigate the molecular changes that occur in each patient at a specific point in time, thus continuously monitoring the evolution of CHD. For example, the assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may help predict the severity of acute myocardial infarction and diagnose heart transplant rejection. Moreover, the unmethylated FAM101A gene may specifically track the cfDNA derived from cardiomyocyte death, which provides a powerful diagnostic biomarker for apoptosis during ischemia. In addition, the changes of plasma circulating miR-92 levels may predict the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) onset in patients with diabetes. Liquid biopsy can reflect the disease state through patients' body fluids and may noninvasively provide dynamic and rich molecular information related to CHD. It has great application potential in early warning and auxiliary diagnosis, real-time monitoring of curative effect, medication guidance and exploration of drug resistance mechanism, prognosis judgment, and risk classification of CHD. This chapter will review the latest progress of liquid biopsy in accurate diagnosis and treatment of CHD, meanwhile explore the application status and clinical prospect of liquid biopsy in CHD, in order to improve the importance of precision medicine and personalized treatment in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Moggio A, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Quo Vadis? Immunodynamics of Myeloid Cells after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15814. [PMID: 36555456 PMCID: PMC9779515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality, is caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart. Affected heart tissue becomes ischemic due to deficiency of blood perfusion and oxygen delivery. In case sufficient blood flow cannot be timely restored, cardiac injury with necrosis occurs. The ischemic/necrotic area induces a systemic inflammatory response and hundreds of thousands of leukocytes are recruited from the blood to the injured heart. The blood pool of leukocytes is rapidly depleted and urgent re-supply of these cells is needed. Myeloid cells are generated in the bone marrow (BM) and spleen, released into the blood, travel to sites of need, extravasate and accumulate inside tissues to accomplish various functions. In this review we focus on the "leukocyte supply chain" and will separately evaluate different myeloid cell compartments (BM, spleen, blood, heart) in steady state and after MI. Moreover, we highlight the local and systemic kinetics of extracellular factors, chemokines and danger signals involved in the regulation of production/generation, release, transportation, uptake, and activation of myeloid cells during the inflammatory phase of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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12
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Meng L, Feng J, Gao J, Zhang Y, Mo W, Zhao X, Wei H, Guo H. Reactive Oxygen Species- and Cell-Free DNA-Scavenging Mn 3O 4 Nanozymes for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50649-50663. [PMID: 36334088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging therapy toward acute kidney injury (AKI) is promising, but no effective ROS scavenging drug has been developed yet. Moreover, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is also involved in AKI, but the corresponding therapies have not been well developed. To tackle these challenges, Mn3O4 nanoflowers (Nfs) possessing both ROS and cfDNA scavenging activities were developed for better AKI protection as follows. First, Mn3O4 Nfs could protect HK2 cells through cascade ROS scavenging (dismutating ·O2- into H2O2 by superoxide dismutase-like activity and then decomposing H2O2 by catalase-like activity). Second, Mn3O4 Nfs could efficiently adsorb cfDNA and then decrease the inflammation caused by cfDNA. Combined, remarkable therapeutic efficacy was achieved in both cisplatin-induced and ischemia-reperfusion AKI murine models. Furthermore, Mn3O4 Nfs could be used for the T1-MRI real-time imaging of AKI. This study not only offered a promising treatment for AKI but also showed the translational potential of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiyu Meng
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jiayuan Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wenjing Mo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Dutta A, Das M, Ghosh A, Rana S. Molecular and cellular pathophysiology of circulating cardiomyocyte-specific cell free DNA (cfDNA): Biomarkers of heart failure and potential therapeutic targets. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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14
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Zhang A, Rastogi R, Marsh KM, Yang B, Wu D, Kron IL, Yang Z. Topical Neck Cooling Without Systemic Hypothermia Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Injury and Post-ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:893837. [PMID: 35837603 PMCID: PMC9274088 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.893837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following acute myocardial infarction (MI), irreversible damage to the myocardium can only be reduced by shortening the duration between symptom onset and revascularization. While systemic hypothermia has shown promising results in slowing pre-revascularization myocardial damage, it is resource intensive and not conducive to prehospital initiation. We hypothesized that topical neck cooling (NC), an easily implemented therapy for en route transfer to definitive therapy, could similarly attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods Using an in vivo mouse model of myocardial IRI, moderate systemic hypothermia or NC was applied following left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion and subsequent reperfusion, at early, late, and post-reperfusion intervals. Vagotomy was performed after late NC in an additional group. Hearts were harvested to measure infarct size. Results Both hypothermia treatments equally attenuated myocardial infarct size by 60% compared to control. The infarct-sparing effect of NC was temperature-dependent and timing-dependent. Vagotomy at the gastroesophageal junction abolished the infarct-sparing effect of late NC. Cardiac perfusate isolated following ischemia had significantly reduced cardiac troponin T, HMGB1, cell-free DNA, and interferon α and β levels after NC. Conclusions Topical neck cooling attenuates myocardial IRI in a vagus nerve-dependent manner, with an effect comparable to that of systemic hypothermia. NC attenuated infarct size when applied during ischemia, with earlier initiation resulting in superior infarct sparing. This novel therapy exerts a cardioprotective effect without requiring significant change in core temperature and may be a promising practical strategy to attenuate myocardial damage while patients await definitive revascularization.
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15
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Komal S, Komal N, Mujtaba A, Wang SH, Zhang LR, Han SN. Potential therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction: the role of Toll-like receptors. Immunol Res 2022; 70:607-623. [PMID: 35608723 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition among patients with cardiovascular diseases. MI increases the risk of stroke and heart failure and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of MI, suggesting that further understanding of the pathomechanism of MI might help in the early management and treatment of this disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known members of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family and contribute to both adaptive and innate immunity. Collectively, studies suggest that TLRs have a cardioprotective effect. However, prolonged TLR activation in the response to signals generated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and contributes to the development and exacerbation of myocardial inflammation, MI, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocarditis, and heart failure. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the association of TLRs with MI, highlighting their therapeutic potential for the development of advanced TLR-targeted therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Nimrah Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Mitochondrial DNA Is a Vital Driving Force in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6235747. [PMID: 35620580 PMCID: PMC9129988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6235747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, and ischemic heart disease and stroke are the cause of death in approximately half of CVD patients. In CVD, mitochondrial dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury results in heart failure. The proper functioning of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the mitochondrial life cycle in cardiac mitochondria are closely related to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Following myocardial I/R injury, mitochondria activate multiple repair and clearance mechanisms to repair damaged mtDNA. When these repair mechanisms are insufficient to restore the structure and function of mtDNA, irreversible mtDNA damage occurs, leading to mtDNA mutations. Since mtDNA mutations aggravate OXPHOS dysfunction and affect mitophagy, mtDNA mutation accumulation leads to leakage of mtDNA and proteins outside the mitochondria, inducing an innate immune response, aggravating cardiovascular injury, and leading to the need for external interventions to stop or slow the disease course. On the other hand, mtDNA released into the circulation after cardiac injury can serve as a biomarker for CVD diagnosis and prognosis. This article reviews the pathogenic basis and related research findings of mtDNA oxidative damage and mtDNA leak-triggered innate immune response associated with I/R injury in CVD and summarizes therapeutic options that target mtDNA.
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Ershova ES, Shmarina GV, Porokhovnik LN, Zakharova NV, Kostyuk GP, Umriukhin PE, Kutsev SI, Sergeeva VA, Veiko NN, Kostyuk SV. In Vitro Analysis of Biological Activity of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Isolated from Blood Plasma of Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030551. [PMID: 35328103 PMCID: PMC8955124 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Circulating cell-free DNA (c-cfDNA) belongs to the DAMP class. The major research question was: can the c-cfDNA of schizophrenic patients (sz-cfDNA) stimulate the DNA sensor genes, which control the innate immunity? We investigated the in vitro response of ten human skin fibroblast (HSF) lines to five DNA probes containing different amounts of a GC-rich marker (the ribosomal repeat) and a DNA oxidation marker (8-oxodG) including sz-cfDNA and healthy control c-cfDNA (hc-cfDNA) probes. After 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h of incubation, the expression of 6 protein genes responsible for cfDNA transport into the cell (EEA1 and HMGB1) and the recognition of cytosolic DNA (TLR9, AIM2, STING and RIG-I) was analyzed at the transcriptional (RT-qPCR) and protein level (flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy). Additionally, we analyzed changes in the RNA amount of 32 genes (RT-qPCR), which had been previously associated with different cellular responses to cell-free DNA with different characteristics. Adding sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA to the HSF medium in equal amounts (50 ng/mL) blocked endocytosis and stimulated TLR9 and STING gene expression while blocking RIG-I and AIM2 expression. Sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA, compared to gDNA, demonstrated much stronger stimulated transcription of genes that control cell proliferation, cytokine synthesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. No significant difference was observed in the response of the cells to sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA. Sz-cfDNA and hc-cfDNA showed similarly high biological activity towards HSFs, stimulating the gene activity of TLR9 and STING DNA sensor proteins and blocking the activity of the AIM2 protein gene. Since the sz-cfDNA content in the patients’ blood is several times higher than the hc-cfDNA content, sz-cfDNA may upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta S. Ershova
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Galina V. Shmarina
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Lev N. Porokhovnik
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia V. Zakharova
- N.A. Alekseev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (G.P.K.)
| | - George P. Kostyuk
- N.A. Alekseev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
- Department of Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Vasilina A. Sergeeva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Natalia N. Veiko
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.E.); (G.V.S.); (P.E.U.); (S.I.K.); (V.A.S.); (N.N.V.); (S.V.K.)
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Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) of Lysine and Effects of Anti-TCR/Anti-TNF-α Antibody-Based Therapy in the LEW.1AR1 -iddm Rat, an Animal Model of Human Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031541. [PMID: 35163462 PMCID: PMC8915180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The LEW.1AR1-iddm rat is an animal model of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previously, we have shown that combination with anti-TCR/anti-TNF-α antibody-based therapy re-established normoglycemia and increased proteinic arginine-dimethylation in the spleen, yet not in the pancreas. High blood glucose is often associated with elevated formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which act via their receptor (RAGE). Both anti-TCR and anti-TNF-α are inhibitors of RAGE. The aim of the present work was to investigate potential biochemical changes of anti-TCR/anti-TNF-α therapy in the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat. We determined by stable-isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) the content of free and proteinic AGEs and the Nε-monomethylation of lysine (Lys) residues in proteins of pancreas, kidney, liver, spleen and lymph nodes of normoglycemic control (ngCo, n = 6), acute diabetic (acT1D, n = 6), chronic diabetic (chT1D, n = 4), and cured (cuT1D, n = 4) rats after anti-TCR/anti-TNF-α therapy. Analyzed biomarkers included Lys and its metabolites Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), furosine and Nε-monomethyl lysine (MML). Other amino acids were also determined. Statistical methods including ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the effects. Most statistical differences between the study groups were observed for spleen, pancreas and kidney, with liver and lymph nodes showing no such differences. In the pancreas, the groups differed with respect to proteinic furosine (p = 0.0289) and free CML (p = 0.0023). In the kidneys, the groups differed with respect to proteinic furosine (p = 0.0076) and CML (p = 0.0270). In the spleen, group differences were found for proteinic furosine (p = 0.0114) and free furosine (p = 0.0368), as well as for proteinic CML (p = 0.0502) and proteinic MML (p = 0.0191). The acT1D rats had lower furosine, CML and MML levels in the spleen than the rats in all other groups. This observation corresponds to the lower citrullination levels previously measured in these rats. PCA revealed diametric associations between PC1 and PC2 for spleen (r = −0.8271, p < 0.0001) compared to pancreas (r = 0.5805, p = 0.0073) and kidney (r = 0.8692, p < 0.0001). These findings underscore the importance of the spleen in this animal model of human T1D. OPLS-DA showed that in total sixteen amino acids differed in the experimental groups.
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-Mediated Activation of the Inflammatory-Reparative Response Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020216. [PMID: 35053332 PMCID: PMC8773872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cell types belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system play mutually non-exclusive roles during the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response that occurs following myocardial infarction. A timely and finely regulation of their action is fundamental for the process to properly proceed. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear protein that in the extracellular space can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) involved in a large variety of different processes, such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, has recently emerged as a possible regulator of the activity of different immune cell types in the distinct phases of the inflammatory reparative process. Moreover, by activating endogenous stem cells, inducing endothelial cells, and by modulating cardiac fibroblast activity, HMGB1 could represent a master regulator of the inflammatory and reparative responses following MI. In this review, we will provide an overview of cellular effectors involved in these processes and how HMGB1 intervenes in regulating each of them. Moreover, we will summarize HMGB1 roles in regulating other cell types that are involved in the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response, discussing how its redox status could affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and MEBIC Consortium, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chen C, Lu C, He D, Na N, Wu Y, Luo Z, Huang F. Inhibition of HMGB1 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via suppressing autophagy. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104204. [PMID: 34119533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MI/RI). The association between high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and autophagy in diabetic MI/RI remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether inhibiting HMGB1 can regulate autophagy in diabetic mice (DM) after I/R injury. METHODS I/R models of C57BL/KsJ mice and db/db mice were established. Histological changes, infarct size (IS), HMGB1 protein, and autophagy-related proteins were detected after 24h of reperfusion. In DM treatment groups, anti-HMGB1 antibody (H-Ig) was injected via tail vein after reperfusion for 15min, and the above-mentioned experimental methods were performed at the end of reperfusion. RESULTS Compared with the I/R group, the pathological myocardial damage and IS were significantly increased in the I/R (DM) group. Additionally, the levels of HMGB1, Beclin1, and LC3II/LC3I ratio were remarkably higher in the I/R (DM) group than those in the I/R group, while p62 level was lower. In the H-Ig (DM) group, injection of H-Ig significantly reduced the IS, as well as alleviated pathological myocardial damage. Moreover, Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I ratio, and p62 levels were notably reversed after this treatment. CONCLUSIONS I/R-induced myocardium was aggravated by diabetes, which may be related to increased release of HMGB1 and activated autophagy. Inhibition of HMGB1 alleviates diabetic MIRI which was associated with reduced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanghong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dewei He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Na Na
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Yunjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuchun Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Internal Medicine College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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21
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Karasawa S, Nakada TA, Sato M, Miyasho T, Shimada T, Oshima T, Suda K, Shinozaki K, Oda S. Early Elevation of Cell-free DNA After Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Rats. J Surg Res 2021; 269:28-35. [PMID: 34517186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is challenging to diagnose in the early phase. We tested the hypothesis that blood levels of cell-free DNA would increase early after AMI. In addition, proteome analysis was conducted as an exploratory analysis to identify other potential diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS Mesenteric ischemia, abdominal sepsis, and sham model were compared in Sprague-Dawley rats. The abdominal sepsis model was induced by cecum puncture and mesenteric ischemia model by ligation of the superior mesenteric artery. Blood levels of cell-free DNA were measured 2 h and 6 h after wound closure. Shotgun proteome analysis was performed using plasma samples obtained at the 2 h timepoint; quantitative analysis was conducted for proteins detected exclusively in the AMI models. RESULTS Blood cell-free DNA levels at 2 h after wound closure were significantly higher in the AMI model than in the sham and the abdominal sepsis models (P < 0.05). Cell-free DNA was positively correlated with the pathologic ischemia severity score (correlation coefficient 0.793-0.834, P < 0.001). Derivative proteome analysis in blood at 2-h time point revealed higher intensity of paraoxonase-1 in the AMI models than in the abdominal sepsis models; the significantly high blood paraoxonase-1 levels in the AMI models were confirmed in a separate quantitative analysis (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Cell-free DNA was demonstrated to be a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia in a rat model of AMI. Paraoxonase-1 may also play a role in the differential diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia from abdominal sepsis. The current results warrant further investigation in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Karasawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Sato
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Responses, Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tadanaga Shimada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taku Oshima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- Division of Upper GI, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Shigeto Oda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
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22
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Salzano A, Israr MZ, Garcia DF, Middleton L, D'Assante R, Marra AM, Arcopinto M, Yazaki Y, Bernieh D, Cassambai S, Page K, Rengo G, Bossone E, Cittadini A, Shaw JA, Suzuki T. Circulating cell-free DNA levels are associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure: testing liquid biopsy in heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:e28-e31. [PMID: 32212838 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320912375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Middleton
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Italy
| | - Alberto M Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Italy
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Italy
| | - Yoshiyuki Yazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Dennis Bernieh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | | | - Karen Page
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Italy
| | | | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
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23
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Yang B, Hui J, Zhang C, Fang H, Bian X, Tao M, Lu Y, Shang Z. Extracellular Mitochondrial Components and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1131-1143. [PMID: 34370602 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria released into extracellular space act as intercellular signaling. Mitochondria and their components mediate cell-to-cell communication in free form or embedded in a carrier. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is complex, which shows close relationship with inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Since mitochondria sustain optimal function of the heart, extracellular mitochondria are emerging as a key regulator in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide recent findings in the presence and forms of mitochondria transfer between cells, as well as the effects of these mitochondria on vascular inflammation and ischemic myocardium. Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel treatment paradigm for patients suffering from acute cardiovascular accident and challenges the traditional methods of mitochondria isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjiao Hui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yipeng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenglu Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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24
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Lai L, Zhang A, Yang B, Charles EJ, Kron IL, Yang Z. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Mediate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Secreting Type I Interferons. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020754. [PMID: 34325534 PMCID: PMC8475660 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that ischemically injured cardiomyocytes release cell‐free DNA and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) into circulation during reperfusion, activating proinflammatory responses and ultimately exacerbating reperfusion injury. We hypothesize that cell‐free DNA and HMGB1 mediate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury by stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to secrete type I interferon (IFN‐I). Methods and Results C57BL/6 and interferon alpha receptor‐1 knockout mice underwent 40 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion (40′/60′ IR) before infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5‐Triphenyltetrazolium chloride–Blue staining. Cardiac perfusate was acquired in ischemic hearts without reperfusion by antegrade perfusion of the isolated heart. Flow cytometry in pDC‐depleted mice treated with multiple doses of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen‐1 antibody via intraperitoneal injection demonstrated plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen‐1 antibody treatment had no effect on conventional splenic dendritic cells but significantly reduced splenic pDCs by 60%. pDC‐depleted mice had significantly smaller infarct size and decreased plasma interferon‐α and interferon‐β compared with control. Blockade of the type I interferon signaling pathway with cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase inhibitor, stimulator of interferon genes antibody, or interferon regulatory factor 3 antibody upon reperfusion similarly significantly attenuated infarct size by 45%. Plasma levels of interferon‐α and interferon‐β were significantly reduced in cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase inhibitor‐treated mice. Infarct size was significantly reduced by >30% in type I interferon receptor monoclonal antibody–treated mice and interferon alpha receptor‐1 knockout mice. In splenocyte culture, 40′/0′ cardiac perfusate treatment stimulated interferon‐α and interferon‐β production; however, this effect disappeared in the presence of cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase inhibitor. Conclusions Type I interferon production is stimulated following myocardial ischemia by cardiogenic cell‐free DNA/HMGB1 in a pDC‐dependent manner, and subsequently activates type I interferon receptors to exacerbate reperfusion injury. These results identify new potential therapeutic targets to attenuate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lai
- Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA.,Department of Pharmacology Changzhi Medical College Changzhi City Shanxi Province China
| | - Aimee Zhang
- Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Boris Yang
- Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Eric J Charles
- Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
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25
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Celec P, Janovičová Ĺ, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Gardlík R, Šebeková K. Circulating extracellular DNA is in association with continuous metabolic syndrome score in healthy adolescents. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:309-318. [PMID: 34097532 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00029.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that eventually leads to metabolic complications. Extracellular DNA (ecDNA) is a damage-associated molecular pattern. Extracellular mitochondrial DNA can activate innate immunity. We hypothesized that ecDNA, especially of mitochondrial origin, could be associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in young healthy probands. In a cross-sectional study, healthy adolescents (n = 1,249) provided blood samples. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, and blood counts were assessed. In addition, biochemical analysis of sera or plasma was conducted, including the quantification of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) as a marker of oxidative stress induced by neutrophil or monocyte activation. Plasma ecDNA was isolated and measured by fluorometry. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA were quantified by real-time PCR. Males had higher total plasma ecDNA [15 (11-21) vs. 11 (8-17) ng/mL; median (interquartile range)], nuclear [1,760 (956-3,273) vs. 1,153 (600-2,292) genome equivalents (GE)/mL], and mitochondrial [37,181 (14,836-90,896) vs. 30,089 (12,587-72,286) GE/mL] DNA. ecDNA correlated positively with the continuous metabolic syndrome score (r = 0.158 for males and r = 0.134 for females). Stronger correlations were found between ecDNA of mitochondrial origin and AOPP (r = 0.202 and 0.186 for males and females, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed associations of nuclear DNA with leukocyte and erythrocyte counts. The results of this study of healthy adolescents show that circulating ecDNA is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, not with obesity per se. The association between mitochondrial ecDNA and AOPP requires further attention as it supports a potential role of mitochondria-induced sterile inflammation in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ĺubica Janovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Gardlík
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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26
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Kyaw T, Loveland P, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Kallies A, Huang AL, Peter K, Toh BH, Bobik A. Alarmin-activated B cells accelerate murine atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction via plasma cell-immunoglobulin-dependent mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:938-947. [PMID: 33338208 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events for many years, in particular, strokes and MIs. Because B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years, we investigated the role of B cells in adaptive immune responses to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model of MI-accelerated atherosclerosis to assess the importance of B cells. One week after inducing MI in atherosclerotic mice, we depleted B cells using an anti-CD20 antibody. This treatment prevented subsequent immunoglobulin G accumulation in plaques and MI-induced accelerated atherosclerosis. In gain of function experiments, we purified spleen B cells from mice 1 week after inducing MI and transferred these cells into atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice, which greatly increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulation in plaque and accelerated atherosclerosis. These B cells expressed many cytokines that promote humoural immunity and in addition, they formed germinal centres within the spleen where they differentiated into antibody-producing plasma cells. Specifically deleting Blimp-1 in B cells, the transcriptional regulator that drives their terminal differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells prevented MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. Alarmins released from infarcted hearts were responsible for activating B cells via toll-like receptors and deleting MyD88, the canonical adaptor protein for inflammatory signalling downstream of toll-like receptors, prevented B-cell activation and MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Our data implicate early B-cell activation and autoantibodies as a central cause for accelerated atherosclerosis post-MI and identifies novel therapeutic strategies towards preventing recurrent cardiovascular events such as MI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Paula Loveland
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Alex L Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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27
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Charles EJ, Tian Y, Zhang A, Wu D, Mehaffey JH, Gigliotti JC, Klibanov AL, Kron IL, Yang Z. Pulsed ultrasound attenuates the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:e297-e306. [PMID: 31839230 PMCID: PMC7195241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute hyperglycemia during myocardial infarction worsens outcomes in part by inflammatory mechanisms. Pulsed ultrasound has anti-inflammatory potential in bone healing and neuromodulation. We hypothesized that pulsed ultrasound would attenuate the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. METHODS Acute hyperglycemia was induced in wild-type C57BL6 or acetylcholine-receptor knockout (α7nAChR-/-) mice by intraperitoneal injection of glucose. Pulsed ultrasound (frequency 7 MHz, bursting mechanical index 1.2, duration 1 second, repeated every 6 seconds for 2 minutes, 20-second total exposure) was performed at the spleen or neck after glucose injection. Separate mice underwent vagotomy before treatment. The left coronary artery was occluded for 20 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. The primary end point was infarct size in explanted hearts. RESULTS Splenic pulsed ultrasound significantly decreased infarct size in wild-type C57BL6 mice exposed to acute hyperglycemia and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (5.2% ± 4.4% vs 16.9% ± 12.5% of risk region, P = .013). Knockout of α7nAChR abrogated the beneficial effect of splenic pulsed ultrasound (22.2% ± 12.1%, P = .79 vs control). Neck pulsed ultrasound attenuated the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial infarct size (3.5% ± 4.8%, P = .004 vs control); however, the cardioprotective effect disappeared in mice that underwent vagotomy. Plasma acetylcholine, β2 adrenergic receptor, and phosphorylated Akt levels were increased after splenic pulsed ultrasound treatment. CONCLUSIONS Pulsed ultrasound treatment of the spleen or neck attenuated the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury leading to a 3-fold decrease in infarct size. Pulsed ultrasound may provide cardioprotection via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and could be a promising new nonpharmacologic, noninvasive therapy to reduce infarct size during acute myocardial infarction and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Charles
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimee Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | | | - Joseph C Gigliotti
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Va
| | | | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
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28
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Weber B, Lackner I, Gebhard F, Miclau T, Kalbitz M. Trauma, a Matter of the Heart-Molecular Mechanism of Post-Traumatic Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E737. [PMID: 33450984 PMCID: PMC7828409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma remains a leading global cause of mortality, particularly in the young population. In the United States, approximately 30,000 patients with blunt cardiac trauma were recorded annually. Cardiac damage is a predictor for poor outcome after multiple trauma, with a poor prognosis and prolonged in-hospitalization. Systemic elevation of cardiac troponins was correlated with survival, injury severity score, and catecholamine consumption of patients after multiple trauma. The clinical features of the so-called "commotio cordis" are dysrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest as well as wall motion disorders. In trauma patients with inappropriate hypotension and inadequate response to fluid resuscitation, cardiac injury should be considered. Therefore, a combination of echocardiography (ECG) measurements, echocardiography, and systemic appearance of cardiomyocyte damage markers such as troponin appears to be an appropriate diagnostic approach to detect cardiac dysfunction after trauma. However, the mechanisms of post-traumatic cardiac dysfunction are still actively being investigated. This review aims to discuss cardiac damage following trauma, focusing on mechanisms of post-traumatic cardiac dysfunction associated with inflammation and complement activation. Herein, a causal relationship of cardiac dysfunction to traumatic brain injury, blunt chest trauma, multiple trauma, burn injury, psychosocial stress, fracture, and hemorrhagic shock are illustrated and therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Ina Lackner
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 2550 23rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
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29
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Silvis MJM, Kaffka genaamd Dengler SE, Odille CA, Mishra M, van der Kaaij NP, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, de Kleijn DPV, de Jager SCA, Bosch L, van Hout GPJ. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Transplantation: The Road to Translational Success. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599511. [PMID: 33363540 PMCID: PMC7752942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the setting of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs due to occlusion (ischemia) and subsequent re-establishment of blood flow (reperfusion) of a coronary artery. A similar phenomenon is observed in heart transplantation (HTx) when, after cold storage, the donor heart is connected to the recipient's circulation. Although reperfusion is essential for the survival of cardiomyocytes, it paradoxically leads to additional myocardial damage in experimental MI and HTx models. Damage (or danger)-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released after cellular damage or stress such as myocardial IRI. DAMPs activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and set in motion a complex signaling cascade resulting in the release of cytokines and a profound inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory response is thought to function as a double-edged sword. Although it enables removal of cell debris and promotes wound healing, DAMP mediated signalling can also exacerbate the inflammatory state in a disproportional matter, thereby leading to additional tissue damage. Upon MI, this leads to expansion of the infarcted area and deterioration of cardiac function in preclinical models. Eventually this culminates in adverse myocardial remodeling; a process that leads to increased myocardial fibrosis, gradual further loss of cardiomyocytes, left ventricular dilation and heart failure. Upon HTx, DAMPs aggravate ischemic damage, which results in more pronounced reperfusion injury that impacts cardiac function and increases the occurrence of primary graft dysfunction and graft rejection via cytokine release, cardiac edema, enhanced myocardial/endothelial damage and allograft fibrosis. Therapies targeting DAMPs or PRRs have predominantly been investigated in experimental models and are potentially cardioprotective. To date, however, none of these interventions have reached the clinical arena. In this review we summarize the current evidence of involvement of DAMPs and PRRs in the inflammatory response after MI and HTx. Furthermore, we will discuss various current therapeutic approaches targeting this complex interplay and provide possible reasons why clinical translation still fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. M. Silvis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Clémence A. Odille
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerardus P. J. van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Myeloid cells in sensing of tissue damage. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:34-40. [PMID: 33035713 PMCID: PMC7538386 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are components of the innate immune system that represent the first line of defense. Tissue damage, associated with pathological conditions such as infection, cancer or autoimmunity, leads to the exposure of the intracellular content to the extracellular environment. Myeloid cells detect ligands exposed or released by dead cells through specific receptors that signal for a diversity of responses. Inflammatory responses triggered by myeloid cells after sensing tissue injury can contribute to resolution of the damage. The signaling response following dead-cell sensing by myeloid cells can contribute either to an inflammatory or a regulatory response. We review herein some representative examples of how myeloid cells react to the recognition of cell death during specific tissue damage contexts. A deep understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes would allow to improve therapeutical interventions in pathologies associated with tissue damage.
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Cai J, Nash WT, Okusa MD. Ultrasound for the treatment of acute kidney injury and other inflammatory conditions: a promising path toward noninvasive neuroimmune regulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F125-F138. [PMID: 32508112 PMCID: PMC7468827 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important clinical disorder with high prevalence, serious consequences, and limited therapeutic options. Modulation of neuroimmune interaction by nonpharmacological methods is emerging as a novel strategy for treating inflammatory diseases, including AKI. Recently, pulsed ultrasound (US) treatment was shown to protect from AKI by stimulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Because of the relatively simple, portable, and noninvasive nature of US procedures, US stimulation may be a valuable therapeutic option for treating inflammatory conditions. This review discusses potential impacts of US bioeffects on the nervous system and how this may generate feedback onto the immune system. We also discuss recent evidence supporting the use of US as a means to treat AKI and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Cai
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virgnia
| | - William T Nash
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virgnia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virgnia
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Zeng D, Zhou W, Hong X. Prognostic value of plasma HMGB1 in ischemic stroke patients with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after intravenous thrombolysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105055. [PMID: 32807461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the value of plasma high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in evaluating the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS 132 ischemic stroke patients were recruited. Before and after thrombolytic therapy at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were recorded. The Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess the prognosis at 3 months. RESULTS The NIHSS score, GCS score and plasma HMGB1 level peaked at 6 h after thrombolytic therapy, and plasma HMGB1 level was positively correlated with infarct volume and NIHSS score, and negatively correlated with GCS score. Plasma HMGB1 level at 6 h had the highest value in identifying patients with poor unfavorable functional outcome after 3 months, with a sensitivity of 86.8% and a specificity of 74.0%. Logistic regression results showed that plasma HMGB1 had a strong association with unfavorable functional outcome [odds ratio (OR) =1.621, P<0.001]. After adjusting for infarct volume and NIHSS score did not attenuate the association (OR=1.381, P=0.005). Finally, we found that plasma HMGB1 at 6 h had the highest value in identifying patients with non-survival after 3 months (χ2=28.655, P<0.001). Logistic regression results showed that plasma HMGB1 had a strong association with non-survival (OR=2.315, P<0.001). After adjusting for infarct volume and NIHSS score did not attenuate the association (OR=2.013, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Plasma HMGB1 exerts a good predictive value for CIRI in ischemic stroke patients, and its increased expression is correlated with worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Scientific Research Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Dan Zeng
- Scientific Research Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhou
- Neurology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Furong District, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China.
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Effects of Circulating HMGB-1 and Histones on Cardiomyocytes-Hemadsorption of These DAMPs as Therapeutic Strategy after Multiple Trauma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051421. [PMID: 32403440 PMCID: PMC7291040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of post-traumatically released High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB1) and extracellular histones on cardiomyocytes (CM). We also evaluated a therapeutic option to capture circulating histones after trauma, using a hemadsorption filter to treat CM dysfunction. Experimental Approach: We evaluated cell viability, calcium handling and mitochondrial respiration of human cardiomyocytes in the presence of HMGB-1 and extracellular histones. In a translational approach, a hemadsorption filter was applied to either directly eliminate extracellular histones or to remove them from blood samples obtained from multiple injured patients. Key results: Incubation of human CM with HMGB-1 or histones is associated with changes in calcium handling, a reduction of cell viability and a substantial reduction of the mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Filtrating plasma from injured patients with a hemadsorption filter reduces histone concentration ex vivo and in vitro, depending on dosage. Conclusion and implications: Danger associated molecular patterns such as HMGB-1 and extracellular histones impair human CM in vitro. A hemadsorption filter could be a therapeutic option to reduce high concentrations of histones.
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Berlanga-Acosta J, Iglesias-Marichal I, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Marí Y, García-Ojalvo A, Fernández-Mayola M, Playford RJ. Review: Insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction following severe burn injury. Peptides 2020; 126:170269. [PMID: 32045621 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of this pathway is commonly seen in critical illness such as following severe burn injuries where homeostatic control is lost, leading to "insulin resistance" with poor blood glucose control. The aberrant signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance following burn injury include increases in hyperglycemic stress hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radical production. Leakage of mitochondrial sequestered self-antigens and signaling between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also contribute to insulin resistance. Greater understanding of molecular processes involved in burn-related insulin resistance could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | | | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Marí
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Ariana García-Ojalvo
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Maday Fernández-Mayola
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Raymond J Playford
- University of Plymouth, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK.
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Denning NL, Aziz M, Gurien SD, Wang P. DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2536. [PMID: 31736963 PMCID: PMC6831555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly inflammatory syndrome caused by an exaggerated immune response to infection. Much has been focused on host response to pathogens mediated through the interaction of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are also activated by host nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released from cells during sepsis. Some well described members of the DAMP family are extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), histones, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DAMPs are released from the cell through inflammasome activation or passively following cell death. Similarly, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released from neutrophils during inflammation. NETs are webs of extracellular DNA decorated with histones, myeloperoxidase, and elastase. Although NETs contribute to pathogen clearance, excessive NET formation promotes inflammation and tissue damage in sepsis. Here, we review DAMPs and NETs and their crosstalk in sepsis with respect to their sources, activation, release, and function. A clear grasp of DAMPs, NETs and their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and for the development of novel sepsis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi-Liza Denning
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Steven D Gurien
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Smalheiser NR. Mining Clinical Case Reports to Identify New Lines of Investigation in Alzheimer's Disease: The Curious Case of DNase I. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:71-76. [PMID: 31025031 PMCID: PMC6481472 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining the case report literature identified an intriguing, yet neglected finding: Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) as a possible treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. This finding is speculative, both because it is based on one patient, and because the underlying mechanism(s) of action remain obscure. However, further literature review revealed that there are several plausible mechanisms by which DNase I might affect the course of Alzheimer’s disease. Given that DNase I is an FDA-approved drug, with extensive studies in both animals and man in the context of other diseases, I suggest that investigation of DNAse I in Alzheimer’s disease is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Smalheiser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Alibhai FJ, Li RK. Commentary: Circulating factors released after myocardial infarction: Beneficial or detrimental? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:2270-2271. [PMID: 30503734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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