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Mishra RC, Belke DD, Singh L, Wulff H, Braun AP. Targeting endothelial K Ca channels in vivo restores arterial and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic rats. Metabolism 2024; 160:156001. [PMID: 39163925 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that administration of the KCa channel activator SKA-31 restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation in vivo in Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) rats. BACKGROUND Acute treatment of isolated resistance arteries from T2D rats and humans with SKA-31 significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, it is unknown whether these in situ actions translate to intact vascular beds in vivo. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley (SD) and T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (26-32 weeks of age) were injected intraperitoneally with either drug vehicle or 10 mg/kg SKA-31. Doppler ultrasound imaging was used to record reactive hyperemia/flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the femoral artery following release of an occlusion cuff on the distal hind limb, along with diameter changes in the left main coronary artery in response to inhaled isoflurane (2 % → 5 %). RESULTS Vehicle treated SD rats exhibited a robust and reversible FMD response, the magnitude and time course of which did not differ in SD rats treated with SKA-31. In contrast, only a weak FMD response was observed in vehicle-treated T2D GK rats, whereas prior SKA-31 administration restored FMD to the level observed in control SD rats. Exposure of SD rats to 5 % isoflurane caused robust coronary artery dilation, which was not altered by prior treatment with SKA-31. In T2D GK rats, 5 % isoflurane inhalation alone did not increase coronary artery diameter, however, a strong vasodilatory response was observed following SKA-31 treatment. SKA-31 administration did not modify intrinsic heart rate responses in either protocol. CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of KCa channel activity in vivo restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation in T2D rats that exhibit peripheral endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Mishra
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Darrell D Belke
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Latika Singh
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Canada.
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Fan X, Yang G, Yang Z, Uhlig S, Sattler K, Bieback K, Hamdani N, El-Battrawy I, Duerschmied D, Zhou X, Akin I. Catecholamine induces endothelial dysfunction via Angiotensin II and intermediate conductance calcium activated potassium channel. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116928. [PMID: 38889637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). However, the exact mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in the setting of TTS has not been completely clarified. This study aims to investigate the roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK4) channels in catecholamine-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were exposed to 100 µM epinephrine (Epi), mimicking the setting of TTS. Epi treatment increased the ET-1 concentration and reduced NO levels in HCMECs. Importantly, the effects of Epi were found to be mitigated in the presence of Ang II receptor blockers. Furthermore, Ang II mimicked Epi effects on ET-1 and NO production. Additionally, Ang II inhibited tube formation and increased cell apoptosis. The effects of Ang II could be reversed by an SK4 activator NS309 and mimicked by an SK4 channel blocker TRAM-34. Ang II also inhibited the SK4 channel current (ISK4) without affecting its expression level. Ang II could depolarize the cell membrane potential. Ang II promoted ROS release and reduced protein kinase A (PKA) expression. A ROS blocker prevented Ang II effect on ISK4. The PKA activator Sp-8-Br-cAMPS increased SK4 channel currents. Epinephrine enhanced the activity of ACE by activating the α1 receptor/Gq/PKC signal pathway, thereby promoting the secretion of Ang II. The study suggested that high-level catecholamine can increase Ang II release from endothelial cells by α1 receptors/Gq/PKC signal pathway. Ang II can inhibit SK4 channel current by increasing ROS generation and reducing PKA expression, thereby contributing to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Uhlig
- Flow Core Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katherine Sattler
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Karen Bieback
- Flow Core Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Hemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Xing H, Sabe SA, Shi G, Harris DD, Liu Y, Sellke FW, Feng J. Role of Protein Kinase C in Metabolic Regulation of Coronary Endothelial Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031028. [PMID: 38293916 PMCID: PMC11056132 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels are largely responsible for endothelium-dependent coronary arteriolar relaxation. Endothelial SK channels are downregulated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which is increased in the setting of diabetes, yet the mechanisms of these changes are unclear. PKC (protein kinase C) is an important mediator of diabetes-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we aimed to determine whether NADH signaling downregulates endothelial SK channel function via PKC. METHODS AND RESULTS SK channel currents of human coronary artery endothelial cells were measured by whole cell patch clamp method in the presence/absence of NADH, PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PKC inhibitors, or endothelial PKCα/PKCβ knockdown by using small interfering RNA. Human coronary arteriolar reactivity in response to the selective SK activator NS309 was measured by vessel myography in the presence of NADH and PKCβ inhibitor LY333531. NADH (30-300 μmol/L) or PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (30-300 nmol/L) reduced endothelial SK current density, whereas the selective PKCᵦ inhibitor LY333531 significantly reversed the NADH-induced SK channel inhibition. PKCβ small interfering RNA, but not PKCα small interfering RNA, significantly prevented the NADH- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced SK inhibition. Incubation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with NADH significantly increased endothelial PKC activity and PKCβ expression and activation. Treating vessels with NADH decreased coronary arteriolar relaxation in response to the selective SK activator NS309, and this inhibitive effect was blocked by coadministration with PKCβ inhibitor LY333531. CONCLUSIONS NADH-induced inhibition of endothelial SK channel function is mediated via PKCβ. These findings may provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies to preserve coronary microvascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome and coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xing
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - Sharif A. Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - Guangbin Shi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - Dwight D. Harris
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI
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Kant S, Xing H, Liu Y, Harrington EO, Sellke FW, Feng J. Acute protein kinase C beta inhibition preserves coronary endothelial function after cardioplegic hypoxia/reoxygenation. JTCVS OPEN 2023; 15:242-251. [PMID: 37808045 PMCID: PMC10556935 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Protein kinase C (PKC) influences myocardial contractility and susceptibility to long-term cardiac dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In diabetes, PKC inhibition has a protective effect in terms of microvascular dysfunction. SK-channel dysfunction also influences endothelial dysfunction in cardioplegic hypoxia-reoxygenation (CP-H/R). Here, we examine whether acute inhibition of PKC beta protects against CP-H/R-induced coronary endothelial and SK channel dysfunction. Methods Isolated mouse coronary arterioles, half pretreated with selective PKC inhibitor ruboxistaurin (RBX), were subjected to hyperkalemic, cardioplegic hypoxia (1 hour), and reoxygenation (1 hour) with Krebs buffer. Sham control vessels were continuously perfused with oxygenated Krebs buffer without CP-H/R. After 1 hour of reoxygenation, responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) and the SK-channel activator NS309 were examined. Endothelial SK-specific potassium currents from mouse heart endothelial cells were examined using whole-cell path clamp configurations in response to NS309 and SK channel blockers apamin and TRAM34. Results CP-H/R significantly decreased coronary relaxation responses to ADP (P = .006) and NS309 (P = .0001) compared with the sham control group. Treatment with selective PKC beta inhibitor RBX significantly increased recovery of coronary relaxation responses to ADP (P = .031) and NS309 (P = .004) after CP-H/R. Treatment with RBX significantly increased NS309-mediated potassium currents following CP-H/R (P = .0415). Apamin and TRAM34 sensitive currents were significantly greater in CP-H/R + RBX versus CP-H/R mouse heart endothelial cells (P = .0027). Conclusions Acute inhibition of PKC beta significantly protected mouse coronary endothelial function after CP-H/R injury. This suggests that acute PKC beta inhibition may be a novel approach for preventing microvascular dysfunction during CP-H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Kant
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Hang Xing
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Elizabeth O. Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Daneva Z, Chen Y, Ta HQ, Manchikalapudi V, Bazaz A, Laubach VE, Sonkusare SK. Endothelial IK and SK channel activation decreases pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12186. [PMID: 36686408 PMCID: PMC9841469 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) from small pulmonary arteries (PAs) release nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, which lower pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). In pulmonary hypertension (PH), the levels of endothelium-derived NO and prostacyclin are reduced, contributing to elevated PAP. Small-and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IK and SK)-additional crucial endothelial mediators of vasodilation-are also present in small PAs, but their function has not been investigated in PH. We hypothesized that endothelial IK and SK channels can be targeted to lower PAP in PH. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments showed functional IK and SK channels in ECs, but not smooth muscle cells, from small PAs. Using a SU5416 plus chronic hypoxia (Su + CH) mouse model of PH, we found that currents through EC IK and SK channels were unchanged compared with those from normal mice. Moreover, IK/SK channel-mediated dilation of small PAs was preserved in Su + CH mice. Consistent with previous reports, endothelial NO levels and NO-mediated dilation were reduced in small PAs from Su + CH mice. Notably, acute treatment with IK/SK channel activators decreased PAP in Su + CH mice but not in normal mice. Further, chronic activation of IK/SK channels decreased PA remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, which are pathological hallmarks of PH, in Su + CH mice. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence that, unlike endothelial NO release, IK/SK channel activity is not altered in PH. Our results also demonstrate proof of principle that IK/SK channel activation can be used as a strategy for lowering PAP in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravka Daneva
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Yen‐Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Vamsi Manchikalapudi
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Abhishek Bazaz
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Victor E. Laubach
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological PhysicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Zahra A, Liu R, Han W, Meng H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Campbell SL, Wu J. K Ca-Related Neurological Disorders: Phenotypic Spectrum and Therapeutic Indications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1504-1518. [PMID: 36503451 PMCID: PMC10472807 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221208091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although potassium channelopathies have been linked to a wide range of neurological conditions, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is not always clear, and a systematic summary of clinical manifestation is absent. Several neurological disorders have been associated with alterations of calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa channels), such as loss- or gain-of-function mutations, post-transcriptional modification, etc. Here, we outlined the current understanding of the molecular and cellular properties of three subtypes of KCa channels, including big conductance KCa channels (BK), small conductance KCa channels (SK), and the intermediate conductance KCa channels (IK). Next, we comprehensively reviewed the loss- or gain-of-function mutations of each KCa channel and described the corresponding mutation sites in specific diseases to broaden the phenotypic-genotypic spectrum of KCa-related neurological disorders. Moreover, we reviewed the current pharmaceutical strategies targeting KCa channels in KCa-related neurological disorders to provide new directions for drug discovery in anti-seizure medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Zahra
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Ru Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wenzhe Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Meng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - YunFu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Susan L. Campbell
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
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Song Y, Xing H, He Y, Zhang Z, Shi G, Wu S, Liu Y, Harrington EO, Sellke FW, Feng J. Inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species improves coronary endothelial function after cardioplegic hypoxia/reoxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 164:e207-e226. [PMID: 34274141 PMCID: PMC8710187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardioplegic ischemia-reperfusion and diabetes mellitus are correlated with coronary endothelial dysfunction and inactivation of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Increased reactive oxidative species, such as mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, may contribute to oxidative injury. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxidative species may protect coronary small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and endothelial function against cardioplegic ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. METHODS Small coronary arteries and endothelial cells from the hearts of mice with and without diabetes mellitus were isolated and examined by using a cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation model to determine whether the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo could protect against coronary endothelial and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel dysfunction. The microvessels or mouse heart endothelial cells were treated with or without Mito-Tempo (0-10 μM) 5 minutes before and during cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation. Microvascular function was assessed in vitro by vessel myography. K+ currents of mouse heart endothelial cells were measured by whole-cell patch clamp. The levels of intracellular cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+) concentration, mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium protein expression of mouse heart endothelial cells were measured by Rhod-2 fluorescence staining, MitoSox, and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation significantly attenuated endothelial small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity, caused calcium overload, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxidative species of mouse heart endothelial cells in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups. In addition, treating mouse heart endothelial cells with Mito-Tempo (10 μM) reduced cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced Ca2+ and mitochondrial reactive oxidative species overload in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (P < .05). Treatment with Mito-Tempo (10 μM) significantly enhanced coronary relaxation responses to adenosine 5'-diphosphate and NS309 (P < .05), and endothelial small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel currents in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Administration of Mito-Tempo improves endothelial function and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity, which may contribute to its enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation after cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Hang Xing
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Yixin He
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Guangbin Shi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Su Wu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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Functional Characterization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158507. [PMID: 35955642 PMCID: PMC9368986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-ECs) provide a new opportunity for mechanistic research on vascular regeneration and drug screening. However, functions of hiPSC-ECs still need to be characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate electrophysiological and functional properties of hiPSC-ECs compared with primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs), mainly focusing on ion channels and membrane receptor signaling, as well as specific cell functions. HiPSC-ECs were derived from hiPS cells that were generated from human skin fibroblasts of three independent healthy donors. Phenotypic and functional comparison to HCMECs was performed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tube formation, LDL uptake, exosome release assays and, importantly, patch clamp techniques. HiPSC-ECs were successfully generated from hiPS cells and were identified by endothelial markers. The mRNA levels of KCNN2, KCNN4, KCNMA1, TRPV2, and SLC8A1 in hiPSC-ECs were significantly higher than HCMECs. AT1 receptor mRNA level in hiPSC-ECs was higher than in HCMECs. AT2 receptor mRNA level was the highest among all receptors. Adrenoceptor ADRA2 expression in hiPSC-ECs was lower than in HCMECs, while ADRA1, ADRB1, ADRB2, and G-protein GNA11 and Gai expression were similar in both cell types. The expression level of muscarinic and dopamine receptors CHRM3, DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4 in hiPSC-ECs were significantly lower than in HCMECs. The functional characteristics of endothelial cells, such as tube formation and LDL uptake assay, were not statistically different between hiPSC-ECs and HCMECs. Phenylephrine similarly increased the release of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) in hiPSC-ECs and HCMECs. Acetylcholine also similarly increased nitric oxide generation in hiPSC-ECs and HCMECs. The resting potentials (RPs), ISK1–3, ISK4 and IK1 were similar in hiPSC-ECs and HCMECs. IBK was larger and IKATP was smaller in hiPSC-ECs. In addition, we also noted a higher expression level of exosomes marker CD81 in hiPSC-ECs and a higher expression of CD9 and CD63 in HCMECs. However, the numbers of exosomes extracted from both types of cells did not differ significantly. The study demonstrates that hiPSC-ECs are similar to native endothelial cells in ion channel function and membrane receptor-coupled signaling and physiological cell functions, although some differences exist. This information may be helpful for research using hiPSC-ECs.
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Sabe SA, Feng J, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mechanisms and clinical implications of endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction in coronary microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H819-H841. [PMID: 35333122 PMCID: PMC9018047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the setting of metabolic syndrome. The coronary endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, though factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity can contribute to endothelial injury and consequently arteriolar vasomotor dysfunction. These disturbances in the coronary microvasculature clinically manifest as diminished coronary flow reserve, which is a known independent risk factor for cardiac death, even in the absence of macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, a growing body of literature has examined the molecular mechanisms by which coronary microvascular injury occurs at the level of the endothelium and the consequences on arteriolar vasomotor responses. This review will begin with an overview of normal coronary microvascular physiology, modalities of measuring coronary microvascular function, and clinical implications of CMD. These introductory topics will be followed by a discussion of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, shear stress, endothelial cell senescence, and tissue ischemia dysregulate coronary endothelial homeostasis and arteriolar vasomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Metabolic regulation and dysregulation of endothelial small conductance calcium activated potassium channels. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Xing H, Zhang Z, Shi G, He Y, Song Y, Liu Y, Harrington EO, Sellke FW, Feng J. Chronic Inhibition of mROS Protects Against Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice With Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:643810. [PMID: 33681229 PMCID: PMC7930489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.643810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction. Persistent oxidative stress during diabetes contributes to coronary endothelial dysfunction. The mitochondria are main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-Tempo can prevent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation in a variety of disorders. Inhibition/inactivation of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels contribute to diabetic downregulation of coronary endothelial function/relaxation. However, few investigated the role of mROS on endothelial dysfunction/vasodilation and endothelial SK channel downregulation in diabetes. The aim of present study was to investigate the chronic administration of mito-Tempo, on coronary vasodilation, and endothelial SK channel activity of mice with or without diabetes. Mito-Tempo (1 mg/kg/day) was applied to the mice with or without diabetes (n = 10/group) for 4 weeks. In vitro relaxation response of pre-contracted arteries was examined in the presence or absence of the vasodilatory agents. SK channel currents of the isolated mouse heart endothelial cells were measured using whole-cell patch clamp methods. At baseline, coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to ADP and the selective SK channel activator NS309 and endothelial SK channel currents were decreased in diabetic mice compared with that in non-diabetic (ND) mice (p < 0.05). After a 4-week treatment with mito-Tempo, coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation response to ADP or NS309 and endothelial SK channel currents in the diabetic mice was significantly improved when compared with that in untreated diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Interestingly, coronary relaxation responses to ADP and NS309 and endothelial SK channel currents were not significantly changed in ND mice after mito-Tempo treatment, as compared to that of untreated control group. Chronic inhibition of endothelial mROS appears to improve coronary endothelial function/dilation and SK channel activity in diabetes, and mROS inhibitors may be a novel strategy to treat vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xing
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Guangbin Shi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yixin He
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yi Song
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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