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Song Q, Cui Q, Sun S, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang L. Crosstalk Between Cell Death and Spinal Cord Injury: Neurology and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3. [PMID: 38713439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neurological dysfunction, and neuronal cell death is one of the main causes of neurological dysfunction. After SCI, in addition to necrosis, programmed cell death (PCD) occurs in nerve cells. At first, studies recognized only necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In recent years, researchers have identified new forms of PCD, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Related studies have confirmed that all of these cell death modes are involved in various phases of SCI and affect the direction of the disease through different mechanisms and pathways. Furthermore, regulating neuronal cell death after SCI through various means has been proven to be beneficial for the recovery of neural function. In recent years, emerging therapies for SCI have also provided new potential methods to restore neural function. Thus, the relationship between SCI and cell death plays an important role in the occurrence and development of SCI. This review summarizes and generalizes the relevant research results on neuronal necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis after SCI to provide a new understanding of neuronal cell death after SCI and to aid in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yashi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China.
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Garcia E, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Silva-Garcia R, Esparza-Salazar F, Arriero-Cabañero A, Escandon A, Doncel-Pérez E, Ibarra A. Use of Cells, Supplements, and Peptides as Therapeutic Strategies for Modulating Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13946. [PMID: 37762251 PMCID: PMC10531377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a traumatic lesion that causes a catastrophic condition in patients, resulting in neuronal deficit and loss of motor and sensory function. That loss is caused by secondary injury events following mechanical damage, which results in cell death. One of the most important events is inflammation, which activates molecules like proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that provoke a toxic environment, inhibiting axonal growth and exacerbating CNS damage. As there is no effective treatment, one of the developed therapies is neuroprotection of the tissue to preserve healthy tissue. Among the strategies that have been developed are the use of cell therapy, the use of peptides, and molecules or supplements that have been shown to favor an anti-inflammatory environment that helps to preserve tissue and cells at the site of injury, thus favoring axonal growth and improved locomotor function. In this review, we will explain some of these strategies used in different animal models of spinal cord injury, their activity as modulators of the immune system, and the benefits they have shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Grupo Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (V.B.-A.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Raúl Silva-Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Esparza-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Alejandro Arriero-Cabañero
- Grupo Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (V.B.-A.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Adela Escandon
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Grupo Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (V.B.-A.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
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The Role of Copper Homeostasis in Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213850. [PMID: 36430330 PMCID: PMC9698384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, copper is an important trace element and is a cofactor for several important enzymes involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation, connective tissue synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Copper is also necessary for cellular processes, such as the regulation of intracellular signal transduction, catecholamine balance, myelination of neurons, and efficient synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Copper is naturally present in some foods and is available as a dietary supplement. Only small amounts of copper are typically stored in the body and a large amount of copper is excreted through bile and urine. Given the critical role of copper in a breadth of cellular processes, local concentrations of copper and the cellular distribution of copper transporter proteins in the brain are important to maintain the steady state of the internal environment. The dysfunction of copper metabolism or regulatory pathways results in an imbalance in copper homeostasis in the brain, which can lead to a myriad of acute and chronic pathological effects on neurological function. It suggests a unique mechanism linking copper homeostasis and neuronal activation within the central nervous system. This article explores the relationship between impaired copper homeostasis and neuropathophysiological progress in brain diseases.
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Islam F, Bepary S, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Emran TB, Sultana S, Huq MA, Mitra S, Chopra H, Sharma R, Sweilam SH, Khandaker MU, Idris AM. Polyphenols Targeting Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Future Vision. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8741787. [PMID: 36046682 PMCID: PMC9423984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8741787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is deteriorated or traumatized, leading to motor and sensory functions lost even totally or partially. An imbalance within the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense levels results in oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation. After SCI, OS and occurring pathways of inflammations are significant strenuous drivers of cross-linked dysregulated pathways. It emphasizes the significance of multitarget therapy in combating SCI consequences. Polyphenols, which are secondary metabolites originating from plants, have the promise to be used as alternative therapeutic agents to treat SCI. Secondary metabolites have activity on neuroinflammatory, neuronal OS, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways during the early stages of SCI. Experimental and clinical investigations have noted the possible importance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in moderating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators and axonal regeneration's extrinsic pathways after the SCI probable significance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in mediating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators. Furthermore, combining polyphenols could be a way to lessen the effects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sristy Bepary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Advances in monitoring for acute spinal cord injury: a narrative review of current literature. Spine J 2022; 22:1372-1387. [PMID: 35351667 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects about 17,000 individuals every year in the United States, with approximately 294,000 people living with the ramifications of the initial injury. After the initial primary injury, SCI has a secondary phase during which the spinal cord sustains further injury due to ischemia, excitotoxicity, immune-mediated damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The multifaceted injury progression process requires a sophisticated injury-monitoring technique for an accurate assessment of SCI patients. In this narrative review, we discuss SCI monitoring modalities, including pressure probes and catheters, micro dialysis, electrophysiologic measures, biomarkers, and imaging studies. The optimal next-generation injury monitoring setup should include multiple modalities and should integrate the data to produce a final simplified assessment of the injury and determine markers of intervention to improve patient outcomes.
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Ozan M, Buzdağli Y, Baygutalp NK, Yüce N, Baygutalp F, Bakan E. Serum BDNF and Selenium Levels in Elite Athletes Exposed to Blows. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050608. [PMID: 35630025 PMCID: PMC9145651 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the combined acute and long-term effects of exposure to blows and exercise on serum BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and selenium levels. Materials and Methods: Serum BDNF and selenium levels were determined in 40 male elite athletes before and after vigorous exercise (training match) with a probability of exposure to blows and in 10 sedentary men subjected to exercise (Astrand running protocol). Results: Serum BDNF levels were found 11.50 ± 3.50 ng/mL before exercise and 14.02 ± 3.15 ng/mL after exercise in the athlete group (p = 0.02), and 12.18 ± 4.55 ng/ mL and 11.74 ± 2.48 ng/ mL before and after exercise in the sedentary group, respectively (p = 0.873). Serum BDNF (pre-exercise, baseline) levels were slightly lower in the athlete group than those in the sedentary group (11.50 ± 3.50 and 12.18 ± 4.55 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.796). Pre-exercise serum selenium levels in athletes were significantly higher compared to those of sedentary participants (130.53 ± 36.79 and 95.51 ± 20.57 µg/L, respectively, p = 0.011). There was no difference in selenium levels after exercise (124.01 ± 29.96 µg/L) compared to pre-exercise (130.53 ± 36.79 µg/L) in the athlete group (p = 0.386). Similarly, there was no difference in selenium levels after exercise (113.28 ± 25.51 µg/L) compared to pre-exercise (95.51 ± 20.57 µg/L) in the sedentary group (p = 0.251). Conclusions: BDNF results show that even if athletes are exposed to blows, they may be protected from the long-term effects of blows thanks to the protective effect of their non-sedentary lifestyle. Regular exercise may have a protective effect on maintaining serum selenium levels in athletes even exposed to blows chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Yusuf Buzdağli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Nurcan Kılıç Baygutalp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-442-2315231
| | - Neslihan Yüce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Fatih Baygutalp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Ebubekir Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı 04100, Turkey;
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Wang HD, Wei ZJ, Li JJ, Feng SQ. Application value of biofluid-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:963-971. [PMID: 34558509 PMCID: PMC8552873 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have confirmed the diagnostic potential of biofluid-based biomarkers, as a topic of increasing interest in relation to SCI diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of recently identified SCI-related biomarkers. Many structural proteins, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100-β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1, neurofilament light, and tau protein were correlated with the diagnosis, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, and prognosis of SCI to different degrees. Inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor α, are also good biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute and chronic SCI, while non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) also show diagnostic potential for SCI. Trace elements (Mg, Se, Cu, Zn) have been shown to be related to motor recovery and can predict motor function after SCI, while humoral markers can reflect the pathophysiological changes after SCI. These factors have the advantages of low cost, convenient sampling, and ease of dynamic tracking, but are also associated with disadvantages, including diverse influencing factors and complex level changes. Although various proteins have been verified as potential biomarkers for SCI, more convincing evidence from large clinical and prospective studies is thus required to identify the most valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Da Wang
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Yu B, Qiu H, Cheng S, Ye F, Li J, Chen S, Zhou L, Yang Y, Zhong C, Li J. Profile of gut microbiota in patients with traumatic thoracic spinal cord injury and its clinical implications: a case-control study in a rehabilitation setting. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4489-4499. [PMID: 34311653 PMCID: PMC8806552 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are the candidate biomarkers for neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to identify the common features between patients with varying degree of thoracic SCI and healthy individuals and subpopulations of microbiota correlated with the serum biomarkers. Twenty-one patients with complete thoracic SCI (CTSCI), 24 with incomplete thoracic SCI (ITSCI), and 24 healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled in this study. Fresh stool samples and clinical data were collected from all participants, and their bowel functions with SCI were assessed. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The features of gut microbiota correlated with the serum biomarkers and their functions were investigated. The mean NBD score of patients with CTSCI was higher than that of patients with ITSCI. Diversity of the gut microbiota in SCI group was reduced, and with an increase in the degree of damage, alpha diversity had decreased gradually. The composition of gut microbiota in patients with SCI was distinct from that in healthy individuals, and CTSCI group exhibited further deviation than ITSCI group compared to healthy individuals. Four serum biomarkers were found to be correlated with most differential genera. Patients with thoracic SCI present gut dysbiosis, which is more pronounced in patients with CTSCI than in those with ITSCI. Therefore, the gut microbiota profile may serve as the signatures for bowel and motor functions in patients with thoracic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaide Qiu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shupeng Cheng
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jiahui Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumei Yang
- Spinal Cord Injury Ward, Jiangsu Zhongshan Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Seelig J, Heller RA, Haubruck P, Sun Q, Georg Klingenberg J, Hackler J, Crowell HL, Daniel V, Moghaddam A, Schomburg L, Biglari B. Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) as Biomarker for Adverse Clinical Outcome After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680240. [PMID: 34140879 PMCID: PMC8204909 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) presents a diagnostic challenge as it may have dramatic consequences for the affected patient. Additional biomarkers are needed for improved care and personalized therapy. Objective: Serum selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been detected in myocardial infarction, reflecting hypoxic tissue damage and recovery odds. As SELENBP1 is usually not detected in the serum of healthy subjects, we tested the hypothesis that it may become detectable in TSCI and indicate tissue damage and regeneration odds. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with comparable injuries were allocated to three groups; vertebral body fractures without neurological impairment (control “C”), TSCI without remission (“G0”), and TSCI with signs of remission (“G1”). Consecutive serum samples were available from different time points and analyzed for SELENBP1 by sandwich immunoassay, for trace elements by X-ray fluorescence and for cytokines by multiplex immunoassays. Results: Serum SELENBP1 was elevated at admission in relation to the degree of neurological impairment [graded as A, B, C, or D according to the American Spinal Injury Association (AISA) impairment scale (AIS)]. Patients with the most severe neurological impairment (classified as AIS A) exhibited the highest SELENBP1 concentrations (p = 0.011). During the first 3 days, SELENBP1 levels differed between G0 and G1 (p = 0.019), and dynamics of SELENBP1 correlated to monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, chemokine ligand 3 and zinc concentrations. Conclusion: Circulating SELENBP1 concentrations are related to the degree of neurological impairment in TSCI and provide remission odds information. The tight correlation of SELENBP1 with CCL2 levels provides a novel link between Se metabolism and immune cell activation, with potential relevance for neurological damage and regeneration processes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Seelig
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raban Arved Heller
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Haubruck
- Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Georg Klingenberg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Lucia Crowell
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Systems Biology Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Daniel
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Hospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- Department of Paraplegiology, BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Heller RA, Seelig J, Crowell HL, Pilz M, Haubruck P, Sun Q, Schomburg L, Daniel V, Moghaddam A, Biglari B. Predicting neurological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury by time-resolved analysis of monocyte subsets. Brain 2021; 144:3159-3174. [PMID: 34022039 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and lymphocytes elicit crucial activities for the regenerative processes after various types of injury. The survival of neurons exposed to mechanical and oxidative stress after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) depends on a multitude of factors. The current study sought to evaluate a correlation between remission after TSCI and dynamics of monocyte subsets in respect to the lymphocytes' responsive potential, cytokine expression, patterns of trace element concentration and clinical covariates. We examined prospectively 18 (3 female, 15 male) patients after TSCI. Blood samples were drawn at admission and 4 h, 9 h, 12 h, 1 and 3 days as well as 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 2 and 3 months after the trauma. Analysis of cytokines (CCL-2, IL-10, Enolase 2, CXCL-12, TGF- β1, TGF- β2) was performed using a multiplex cytokine panel. Plasma trace element concentrations of selenium, copper and zinc were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis, Neopterin, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) by luminometric immunoassay (LIA). The responsive potential of lymphocytes was assessed via transformation tests. The monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) and expression of CD14, CD16, CXCR4 and intracellular IL-10 were identified using a multi-colour flow cytometry analysis. The dynamics of the cluster of intermediate CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes differed significantly between patients with an absence of neurological remission (G0) from those with an improvement (G1) by 1 or 2 AIS steps (Kruskal-Wallis Test, p = 0.010, G0 < G1, AIS+: 1 < G1, AIS+: 2) in the first 24 h. These dynamics were associated inversely with an increase in Enolase and SELENBP1 14 d after the injury. In the elastic net regularised model, we identified an association between the increase of a subpopulation of intermediate CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes and exacerbated immune response within 24 h after the injury. These findings are reflected in the consistently elevated response to mitogen stimulation of the lymphocytes of patients with significant neurological remission. Early elevated concentrations of CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes were related to higher odds of CNS regeneration and enhanced neurological remission. The cluster-dynamics of CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes in the early-acute phase after the injury revealed a maximum of prognostic information regarding neurological remission (mean parameter estimate: 0.207; selection count: 818/1000 repetitions). We conclude that early dynamics in monocyte subsets allow a good prediction of recovery from TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raban Arved Heller
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Seelig
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Lucia Crowell
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Pilz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Haubruck
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Daniel
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group, Hospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, 63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- Department of Paraplegiology, BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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11
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Fedullo AL, Ciccotti M, Giannotta P, Alviti F, Bernardi M, Raguzzini A, Toti E, Sciarra T, Peluso I. Hormetic Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Foods, Beverages, and Food Dressing: The Potential Role in Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6615752. [PMID: 33747346 PMCID: PMC7943269 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a damage or trauma to the spinal cord resulting in a total or partial loss of motor and sensory function. SCI is characterized by a disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of antioxidant defences, causing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review is aimed at highlighting the hormetic effects of some compounds from foods, beverages, and food dressing that are able to reduce oxidative stress in patients with SCI. Although curcumin, ginseng, and green tea have been proposed for SCI management, low levels of antioxidant vitamins have been reported in individuals with SCI. Mediterranean diet includes food rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Moreover, food dressing, including spices, herbs, and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), contains multiple components with hormetic effects. The latter involves the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2, consequently increasing the antioxidant enzymes and decreasing inflammation. Furthermore, EVOO improves the bioavailability of carotenoids and could be a delivery system for bioactive compounds. In conclusion, Mediterranean dressing in addition to plant foods can have an important effect on redox balance in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Fedullo
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Alviti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Joint Veteran Center, Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
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12
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Salimi A, Alyan N, Akbari N, Jamali Z, Pourahmad J. Selenium and L-carnitine protects from valproic acid-Induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damages in rat cortical neurons. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1150-1157. [PMID: 32885679 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1810259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with valproic acid (VPA) induced neurotoxicity. Mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative damage and are also a major source of superoxide free radicals. Therefore, the need for mitochondrial protective and antioxidant agents for reducing valporic acid toxicity in central nerve system (CNS) is essential. In the present study, we investigated the potential beneficial effects of sodium selenite (SS) and L-carnitine (LC) against valproic acid -induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated rat cortical neurons. Valproic acid (50, 100 and 200 µM) treatment caused a significant decrease in cellular viability, which was accompanied by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, GSSG and GSH content, lipid peroxidation and lysosomal and mitochondrial damages. Sodium selenite (1 µM) and L-carnitine (1 mM) pretreatment attenuated valproic acid-induced decrease in cell viability. In addition, sodium selenite (1 µM) and L-carnitine (1 mM) pretreatment significantly protected against valproic acid-induced raise in oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, lipid peroxidation levels and depletion of GSH content. Our results in the current study provided insights into the protective mechanism by L-carnitine and sodium selenite, which is liked, to neuronal ROS generation and mitochondrial and lysosomal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nasrin Alyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Akbari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Zinc Concentration Dynamics Indicate Neurological Impairment Odds after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050421. [PMID: 32414139 PMCID: PMC7278606 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) is debilitating and often results in a loss of motor and sensory function caused by an interwoven set of pathological processes. Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are amongst the critical factors in the secondary injury phase after TSCI. The essential trace element Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role during this phase as part of the antioxidant defense system. The study aims to determine dynamic patterns in serum Zn concentration in patients with TSCI and test for a correlation with neurological impairment. A total of 42 patients with TSCI were enrolled in this clinical observational study. Serum samples were collected at five different points in time after injury (at admission, and after 4 h, 9 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 3 days). The analysis of the serum Zn concentrations was conducted by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). The patients were divided into two groups—a study group S (n = 33) with neurological impairment, including patients with remission (G1, n = 18) and no remission (G0, n = 15) according to a positive AIS (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale) conversion within 3 months after the trauma; and a control group C (n = 9), consisting of subjects with vertebral fractures without neurological impairment. The patient data and serum concentrations were examined and compared by non-parametric test methods to the neurological outcome. The median Zn concentrations in group S dropped within the first 9 h after injury (964 µg/L at admission versus 570 µg/L at 9 h, p < 0.001). This decline was stronger than in control subjects (median of 751 µg/L versus 729 µg/L, p = 0.023). A binary logistic regression analysis including the difference in serum Zn concentration from admission to 9 h after injury yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 82.2% (CI: 64.0–100.0%) with respect to persistent neurological impairment. Early Zn concentration dynamics differed in relation to the outcome and may constitute a helpful diagnostic indicator for patients with spinal cord trauma. The fast changes in serum Zn concentrations allow an assessment of neurological impairment risk on the first day after trauma. This finding supports strategies for improving patient care by avoiding strong deficits via adjuvant nutritive measures, e.g., in unresponsive patients after trauma.
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