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Benson TW, Pike MM, Spuzzillo A, Hicks SM, Ali S, Pham M, Mix DS, Brunner SI, Wadding-Lee C, Conrad KA, Russell HM, Jennings C, Coughlin TM, Aggarwal A, Lyden S, Mani K, Björck M, Wanhainen A, Bhandari R, Lipworth-Elliot L, Robinson-Cohen C, Caputo FJ, Shim S, Quesada O, Tourdot B, Edwards TL, Tranter M, Gardiner EE, Mackman N, Cameron SJ, Owens AP. Soluble glycoprotein VI predicts abdominal aortic aneurysm growth rate and is a novel therapeutic target. Blood 2024; 144:1663-1678. [PMID: 38900973 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT A common feature in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is the formation of a nonocclusive intraluminal thrombus (ILT) in regions of aortic dilation. Platelets are known to maintain hemostasis and propagate thrombosis through several redundant activation mechanisms, yet the role of platelet activation in the pathogenesis of AAA-associated ILT is still poorly understood. Thus, we sought to investigate how platelet activation affects the pathogenesis of AAA. Using RNA sequencing, we identified that the platelet-associated transcripts are significantly enriched in the ILT compared with the adjacent aneurysm wall and healthy control aortas. We found that the platelet-specific receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is among the top enriched genes in AAA ILT and is increased on the platelet surface of patients with AAAs. Examination of a specific indicator of platelet activity, soluble GPVI (sGPVI), in 2 independent cohorts of patients with AAAs is highly predictive of an AAA diagnosis and associates more strongly with aneurysm growth rate than D-dimer in humans. Finally, intervention with the anti-GPVI antibody (JAQ1) in mice with established aneurysms blunted the progression of AAA in 2 independent mouse models. In conclusion, we show that the levels of sGPVI in humans can predict a diagnosis of AAA and AAA growth rate, which may be critical in the identification of high-risk patients. We also identify GPVI as a novel platelet-specific AAA therapeutic target, with minimal risk of adverse bleeding complications, for which none currently exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mindy M Pike
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, TN
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Anthony Spuzzillo
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sarah M Hicks
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sidra Ali
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Pham
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Doran S Mix
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY
| | - Seth I Brunner
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Caris Wadding-Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kelsey A Conrad
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hannah M Russell
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Courtney Jennings
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Taylor M Coughlin
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anu Aggarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sean Lyden
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kevin Mani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Björck
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wanhainen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rohan Bhandari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Loren Lipworth-Elliot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, TN
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-O'Brien Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francis J Caputo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sharon Shim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Odayme Quesada
- Women's Heart Center, The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, OH
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Benjamin Tourdot
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael Tranter
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Hematology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - A Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Xu RG, Tiede C, Calabrese AN, Cheah LT, Adams TL, Gauer JS, Hindle MS, Webb BA, Yates DM, Slater A, Duval C, Naseem KM, Herr AB, Tomlinson DC, Watson SP, Ariëns RAS. Affimer reagents as tool molecules to modulate platelet GPVI-ligand interactions and specifically bind GPVI dimer. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3917-3928. [PMID: 38838227 PMCID: PMC11321386 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Affimers are engineered binding protein alternatives to antibodies. We screened and characterized GPVI-binding Affimers as novel tools to probe GPVI function. Among the positive clones, M17, D22, and D18 bound GPVI with the highest affinities (dissociation constant (KD) in the nanomolar range). These Affimers inhibited GPVI-collagen-related peptide (CRP)-XL/collagen interactions, CRP-XL/collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and D22 also inhibited in vitro thrombus formation on a collagen surface under flow. D18 bound GPVI dimer but not monomer. GPVI binding was increased for D18 but not M17/D22 upon platelet activation by CRP-XL and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. D22 but not M17/D18 displaced nanobody 2 (Nb2) binding to GPVI, indicating similar epitopes for D22 with Nb2 but not for M17/D18. Mapping of binding sites revealed that D22 binds a site that overlaps with Nb2 on the D1 domain, whereas M17 targets a site on the D2 domain, overlapping in part with the glenzocimab binding site, a humanized GPVI antibody fragment antigen-binding fragment. D18 targets a new region on the D2 domain. We found that D18 is a stable noncovalent dimer and forms a stable complex with dimeric GPVI with 1:1 stoichiometry. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Affimers modulate GPVI-ligand interactions and bind different sites on GPVI D1/D2 domains. D18 is dimer-specific and could be used as a tool to detect GPVI dimerization or clustering in platelets. A dimeric epitope regulating ligand binding was identified on the GPVI D2 domain, which could be used for the development of novel bivalent antithrombotic agents selectively targeting GPVI dimer on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Xu
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Tiede
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio N. Calabrese
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lih T. Cheah
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas L. Adams
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julia S. Gauer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Beth A. Webb
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daisie M. Yates
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cédric Duval
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M. Naseem
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Herr
- Division of Immunobiology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Darren C. Tomlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Muraoka WT, Nair PM, Darlington DN, Wu X, Bynum JA, Cap AP. A novel, quantitative clot retraction assay to evaluate platelet function. Platelets 2023; 34:2254403. [PMID: 37700390 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2254403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are crucial to prevent excessive bleeding following injury to blood vessels. Platelets are crucial for the formation of clots and for clot strength. Platelet activation involves aggregation, attachment to fibrin and clot retraction. Most assays that address platelet function measure platelet aggregation, not clot retraction. Here, we describe a 96-well-based clot retraction assay that requires a relatively short runtime and small sample volume. The assay involves continuous optical density monitoring of platelet-rich plasma that is activated with thrombin. The data can be analyzed using time-series analytical tools to generate quantitative information about different phases of clot formation and clot retraction. The assay demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility and was robust to different calcium concentrations. Impairment of platelet bioenergetics, actin polymerization, fibrin interaction, and signaling significantly affected clot retraction and was detected and showed good agreement with light transmission aggregometry, suggesting that clot retraction is predictive of platelet function. Using this microplate clot retraction assay, we showed a significant difference in platelets stored in autologous plasma compared with platelet additive solution after 7 days of room temperature storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne T Muraoka
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prajeeda M Nair
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel N Darlington
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- The Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaowu Wu
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- The Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James A Bynum
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- The Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Cap
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- The Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
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