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Machida WS, Tidon R, Klaczko J. Wing plastic response to temperature variation in two distantly related Neotropical Drosophila species (Diptera, Drosophilidae). CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been described for morphological and life-history traits in many organisms. In Drosophila, temperature drives phenotypic change in several traits, but few Neotropical species have been studied and whether the phenotypic variation associated with plasticity is adaptive remains unclear. Here, we studied the phenotypic response to temperature variation in the distantly related Neotropical species Drosophila mercatorum Patterson and Wheeler, 1942 and Drosophila willistoni Sturtevant, 1916. We evaluate if wing shape variation follows that observed in the Neotropical species Drosophila cardini Sturtevant, 1916: round wings at lower temperatures and narrower wings at higher temperatures. The variation in egg–adult development time and in wing size, shape, and allometry was described using reaction norms and geometric morphometrics. In both species, development time and wing size decreased with increasing temperature and wing allometry showed that size explained ≈10% of the shape variation. Wing shape, however, exhibited contrasting responses. At higher temperatures, D. mercatorum developed slightly slender wings, following the pattern previously found for D. cardini, whereas D. willistoni developed plumper and shorter wings, supporting previous studies on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830. We conclude that all traits studied here were influenced by temperature, and that wing shape seems also to be influenced by phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waira S. Machida
- Graduate Program on Ecology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Rosana Tidon
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Julia Klaczko
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Bleu J, Meylan S, Clobert J, Massot M. Grandmaternal age at reproduction affects grandoffspring body condition, reproduction and survival in a wild population of lizards. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Bleu
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES Paris F‐75005 Paris France
| | - Jean Clobert
- CNRS USR 2936, Station d’Écologie Expérimentale du CNRS, route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
| | - Manuel Massot
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES Paris F‐75005 Paris France
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Macedo MP, Arantes LC, Tidon R. Contrasting Responses of Wing Morphology of Three Blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Species to Competition. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:738-744. [PMID: 31751464 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Competition influences the expression of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits and also regulates ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This study aims to identify and characterize changes in wing morphology in response to intra- and interspecific competition in three necrophagous blowfly species. Using geometric morphometry, we analyzed 3,238 wings from Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and C. vomitoria (Linnaeus, 1758) raised under cloistered and pairwise conditions. The three species reacted similarly to intraspecific competition-reducing wing size with increased competition-but displayed contrasting patterns of response to interspecific competition. Lucilia sericata displayed a directional change in wing shape in response to an interspecific competitor, while C. vicina increased the scattering of individuals across the morphospace, and C. vomitoria displayed no significant change in response to the same stimulus. Our results show that the same stimulus yields distinctive responses; thus, different competition-related strategies are expected to occur in the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Macedo
- Criminalistics Institute, Federal District Police Department, Brasília (DF), Brazil
- PPG Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - L C Arantes
- Criminalistics Institute, Federal District Police Department, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - R Tidon
- PPG Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
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Baur J, Giesen A, Rohner PT, Blanckenhorn WU, Schäfer MA. Exaggerated male forelegs are not more differentiated than wing morphology in two widespread sister species of black scavenger flies. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Baur
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athene Giesen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick T. Rohner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin A. Schäfer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Chen XZ, Hu QX, Liu QQ, Wu G. Cloning of Wing-Development-Related Genes and mRNA Expression Under Heat Stress in Chlorpyrifos-Resistant and -Susceptible Plutella xylostella. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15279. [PMID: 30323169 PMCID: PMC6189056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos-resistant (Rc) Plutella xylostella (DBM) shows higher wing-vein injury than chlorpyrifos-susceptible (Sm) DBM under heat stress in our previous study. To investigate the toxicological mechanisms of the differences in injury of wing vein between Rc- and Sm-DBM collected from Fuzhou, China, total ten cDNA sequences of wing-development-related genes were isolated and characterized in DBM, including seven open reading frame (ORF) (ash1, ah2, ash3, ase, dpp, srf and dll encoded 187 amino acids, 231 aa, 223aa, 397aa, 423aa, 229aa and 299aa, respectively), and three partly sequences (salm, ser and wnt-1 encoded 614aa, 369aa and 388aa, respectively). The mRNA expression of the genes was inhibited in Rc- and Sm-DBM under heat stress, as compared with that an average temperature (25 °C). And, in general, significantly higher down-regulated expressions of the mRNA expression of the wing development-related genes were found in Rc-DBM as compared to those in Sm-DBM under heat stress. The results indicated that Sm-DBM displayed higher adaptability at high temperature because of significantly lower inhibition the mRNA expressions of wing-development-related genes. We suggest that significantly higher injury of wing vein showed in Rc-DBM under heat stress might be associated with the strong down-regulation of wing-development-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Xing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Arambourou H, Sanmartín-Villar I, Stoks R. Wing shape-mediated carry-over effects of a heat wave during the larval stage on post-metamorphic locomotor ability. Oecologia 2017; 184:279-291. [PMID: 28238050 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two key insights to better assess the ecological impact of global warming have been poorly investigated to date: global warming effects on the integrated life cycle and effects of heat waves. We tested the effect of a simulated mild (25 °C) and severe (30 °C) heat wave experienced during the larval stage on the flight ability of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. To get a mechanistic understanding of how heat stress may translate into reduced post-metamorphic flight ability, we evaluated the hypothesized mediatory role of adult size-related traits, and also tested alternative pathways operating through changes in wing shape and two flight-related traits (both relative fat and flight muscle contents). Exposure to a heat wave, and particularly the severe one, shortened the larval stage, reduced adult size-related traits and modified the wing shape but did not significantly affect emergence success, relative fat content and relative flight muscle mass. Notably, the heat wave negatively affected all components of flight ability. Unexpectedly, the heat wave did not reduce flight ability through reducing size. Instead, we identified a novel size-independent mechanism bridging metamorphosis to link larval environment and adult flight ability in males: through affecting wing shape. The present study advances mechanistic insights in the still poorly understood coupling of life stages across metamorphosis. Additionally, our results underscore the need for integrative studies across life stages to understand the impact of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Arambourou
- Irstea, Research Unit MAEP (Freshwater Systems, Ecology and Pollution), 5 Rue de la Doua, CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France. .,Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Iago Sanmartín-Villar
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.,ECOEVO Lab, Universidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus A Xunqueira, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
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Pertoldi C, Bundgaard J, Loeschcke V, Barker JSF. The phenotypic variance gradient - a novel concept. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4230-6. [PMID: 25540685 PMCID: PMC4267862 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary ecologists commonly use reaction norms, which show the range of phenotypes produced by a set of genotypes exposed to different environments, to quantify the degree of phenotypic variance and the magnitude of plasticity of morphometric and life-history traits. Significant differences among the values of the slopes of the reaction norms are interpreted as significant differences in phenotypic plasticity, whereas significant differences among phenotypic variances (variance or coefficient of variation) are interpreted as differences in the degree of developmental instability or canalization. We highlight some potential problems with this approach to quantifying phenotypic variance and suggest a novel and more informative way to plot reaction norms: namely "a plot of log (variance) on the y-axis versus log (mean) on the x-axis, with a reference line added". This approach gives an immediate impression of how the degree of phenotypic variance varies across an environmental gradient, taking into account the consequences of the scaling effect of the variance with the mean. The evolutionary implications of the variation in the degree of phenotypic variance, which we call a "phenotypic variance gradient", are discussed together with its potential interactions with variation in the degree of phenotypic plasticity and canalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cino Pertoldi
- Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg ZooAalborg, Denmark
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Carreira VP, Imberti MA, Mensch J, Fanara JJ. Gene-by-temperature interactions and candidate plasticity genes for morphological traits in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70851. [PMID: 23936253 PMCID: PMC3728209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of any quantitative trait requires identifying the genes involved in its expression in different environmental conditions. This goal can be achieved by mutagenesis screens in genetically tractable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature during ontogenesis is an important environmental factor affecting development and phenotypic variation in holometabolous insects. In spite of the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for fitness related traits, its genetic basis has remained elusive. In this context, we analyzed five different adult morphological traits (face width, head width, thorax length, wing size and wing shape) in 42 co-isogenic single P-element insertional lines of Drosophila melanogaster raised at 17°C and 25°C. Our analyses showed that all lines differed from the control for at least one trait in males or females at either temperature. However, no line showed those differences for all traits in both sexes and temperatures simultaneously. In this sense, the most pleiotropic candidate genes were CG34460, Lsd-2 and Spn. Our analyses also revealed extensive genetic variation for all the characters mostly indicated by strong GEIs. Further, our results indicate that GEIs were predominantly explained by changes in ranking order in all cases suggesting that a moderate number of genes are involved in the expression of each character at both temperatures. Most lines displayed a plastic response for at least one trait in either sex. In this regard, P-element insertions affecting plasticity of a large number of traits were associated to the candidate genes Btk29A, CG43340, Drak and jim. Further studies will help to elucidate the relevance of these genes on the morphogenesis of different body structures in natural populations of D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paula Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Schuler MS, Orrock JL. The maladaptive significance of maternal effects for plants in anthropogenically modified environments. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hafer N, Ebil S, Uller T, Pike N. Transgenerational effects of food availability on age at maturity and reproductive output in an asexual collembolan species. Biol Lett 2011; 7:755-8. [PMID: 21411448 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational effects of environmental conditions can have several important ecological and evolutionary implications. We conducted a fully factorial experiment manipulating food availability across three generations in the collembolan Folsomia candida, a springtail species that inhabits soil and leaf litter environments which vary in resource availability. Maternal and grandmaternal food availability influenced age at maturity and reproductive output. These effects appear to be cumulative rather than adaptive transgenerational life-history adjustments. Such cumulative effects can profoundly influence eco-evolutionary dynamics in both stable and fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hafer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Overgaard J, Sørensen JG, Jensen LT, Loeschcke V, Kristensen TN. Field tests reveal genetic variation for performance at low temperatures inDrosophila melanogaster. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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SARUP P, FRYDENBERG J, LOESCHCKE V. Local adaptation of stress related traits inDrosophila buzzatiiandDrosophila simulansin spite of high gene flow. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1111-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Krag K, Thomsen H, Faurby S, Kjærsgaard A, Tejedo M, Loeschcke V, Pertoldi C. Consequences of outbreeding on phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila mercatorum wings. Evol Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-007-9234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pertoldi C, Bach L. Evolutionary aspects of climate-induced changes and the need for multidisciplinarity. J Therm Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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