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Makhmudova U, Schatz U, Perakakis N, Kassner U, Schumann F, Axthelm C, Stürzebecher P, Sinning DL, Doevelaar A, Rohn B, Westhoff T, Vogt A, Scholl M, Kästner U, Geiling JA, Stach K, Mensch J, Lorenz E, Paitazoglou C, Eitel I, Baessler A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Koenig W, Schulze PC, Landmesser U, Laufs U, Weingärtner O. High interindividual variability in LDL-cholesterol reductions after inclisiran administration in a real-world multicenter setting in Germany. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1639-1649. [PMID: 37422840 PMCID: PMC10584696 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main therapeutic target in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) inclisiran is a new drug, which targets PCSK9 mRNA in the liver, reducing concentrations of circulating LDL-C. In randomized trials, inclisiran demonstrated a substantial reduction in LDL-C. The German Inclisiran Network (GIN) aims to evaluate LDL-C reductions in a real-world cohort of patients treated with inclisiran in Germany. METHODS Patients who received inclisiran in 14 lipid clinics in Germany for elevated LDL-C levels between February 2021 and July 2022 were included in this analysis. We described baseline characteristics, individual LDL-C changes (%) and side effects in 153 patients 3 months (n = 153) and 9 months (n = 79) after inclisiran administration. RESULTS Since all patients were referred to specialized lipid clinics, only one-third were on statin therapy due to statin intolerance. The median LDL-C reduction was 35.5% at 3 months and 26.5% at 9 months. In patients previously treated with PCSK9 antibody (PCSK9-mAb), LDL-C reductions were less effective than in PCSK9-mAb-naïve patients (23.6% vs. 41.1% at 3 months). Concomitant statin treatment was associated with more effective LDL-C lowering. There was a high interindividual variability in LDL-C changes from baseline. Altogether, inclisiran was well-tolerated, and side effects were rare (5.9%). CONCLUSION In this real-world patient population referred to German lipid clinics for elevated LDL-C levels, inclisiran demonstrated a high interindividual variability in LDL-C reductions. Further research is warranted to elucidate reasons for the interindividual variability in drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Makhmudova
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Schatz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - N Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - U Kassner
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Schumann
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Axthelm
- Cardiologicum Dresden and Pirna, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Stürzebecher
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D L Sinning
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Doevelaar
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - B Rohn
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - T Westhoff
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Scholl
- Medical Care Centre, Nephrocare Mühlhausen GmbH, Mühlhausen/Thuringia, Germany
| | - U Kästner
- Medical Care Centre, Nephrocare Mühlhausen GmbH, Mühlhausen/Thuringia, Germany
| | - J-A Geiling
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - K Stach
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Mensch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Paitazoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - I Eitel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Baessler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - W Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P C Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - U Landmesser
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Laufs
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingärtner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Kreiman L, Putero F, Hasson E, Mensch J. Extended lifespan and sex-specific fertility loss in cold-acclimated flies of the sibling species Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103504. [PMID: 37055123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Survival and reproduction are the core elements of Darwinian fitness. In the context of a fixed energy budget, organisms tend to allocate resources in order to maximize one at the expense of the other, in what has been called the lifespan-reproduction trade-off. Reproductive arrest and extended lifespan are common responses to low temperatures in many insects including fruit flies. In this study, we aim to understand the overwintering strategy of two closely-related Drosophila species with contrasting distribution ranges. We compared survival, lifespan, ovarian maturation, and reproductive output (fecundity and fertility) of virgin and mated adults of both Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae after long-term cold exposure at dormancy-inducing conditions (10 °C, 10:14 L:D) and controls (25 °C, 12:12 L:D). Virgin flies of D. buzzatii showed the longest lifespan (averaging 102 days) under dormancy-inducing conditions. Cold-induced reproductive arrest preserves reproductive capacity mainly in virgin females that mated after reproductive dormancy, indicating that males were much more susceptible to fertility loss than females, in both species. Notably, females of D. buzzatii were capable of protecting stored sperm from cold damage and produced viable progeny. Even if, in D. buzzatii, fertility of flies mated after the cold-exposure was extremely low, cold temperature likely sterilized D. koepferae males, indicating that cold carry-over effects are stronger for the species with the shorter lifespan. Such species-specific effects of low temperature over fitness likely contributed to the divergence of these closely-related species and to the spread of D. buzzatii into cooler environments.
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Lininger MR, Yeargin SW, Hirschhorn RM, Mensch J. Assessing the validity of a helmet fit checklist in a sample of youth football players. Res Sports Med 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34633258 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1988949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of American youth football make it critical to ensure that helmets are appropriately fit to decrease the risk of injuries. Currently, there is only one researcher-developed checklist to determine helmet fit, and psychometric testing is lacking; therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the validity of the checklist. The 13-item checklist was used to measure helmet fit in 267 youth football players prior to the start of the season. Using a Principal Components Analysis to assess validity, a 5-component model was found explaining 58% of the available variance. These results suggest that a single, summative score should not be used for this checklist; rather five scores should be calculated for each component (stability, snugness, size, integrity, and accessory). A more practical and valid tool to assess fit, such as a sub-sectioned chronological American football-specific checklist, can better assist coaches/administrators responsible for helmet fit and player safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S W Yeargin
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R M Hirschhorn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - J Mensch
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Mensch J, Kreiman L, Schilman PE, Hasson E, Renault D, Colinet H. Divergent metabolomic profiles of cold-exposed mature and immature females of tropical versus temperate Drosophila species. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 258:110995. [PMID: 34044160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Temperate species, contrary to their tropical counterparts, are exposed not only to thermally variable environments with low temperatures but also to long winters. Different selective pressures may have driven divergent physiological adaptations in closely related species with different biogeographic origins. To survive unfavourable winter conditions, Drosophila species in temperate areas generally undergo a period of reproductive dormancy, associated with a cold-induced cessation of oogenesis and metabolic reorganization. This work aims to compare cold tolerance and metabolic signatures of cold-exposed females exhibiting different reproductive maturity status (mature and immature females) of four Drosophila species from tropical vs. temperate origins. We expected that the capacity for delayed reproduction of immature females could result in the redirection of the energy-related metabolites to be utilized for surviving the cold season. To do so, we studied an array of 45 metabolites using quantitative target GC-MS profiling. Reproductively immature females of temperate species showed the lower CTmin and the faster chill coma recovery time (i.e. the most cold-tolerant group). Principal component analysis captured differences across species, but also between reproductive maturity states. Notably, temperate species exhibited significantly higher levels of glucose, alanine, and gluconolactone than tropical ones. As proline and glycerol showed higher abundances in immature females of temperate species compared to the levels exhibited by the rest of the groups, we reasoned that glucose and alanine could serve as intermediates in the synthesis of these compatible solutes. All in all, our findings suggest that cold-exposed females of temperate species accumulate energy-related and protective metabolites (e.g. glycerol and proline) while delaying reproduction, and that these metabolites are relevant to cold tolerance even at modest concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mensch
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lucas Kreiman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Schilman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Mensch J, Di Battista C, De Majo MS, Campos RE, Fischer S. Increased size and energy reserves in diapausing eggs of temperate Aedes aegypti populations. J Insect Physiol 2021; 131:104232. [PMID: 33798504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many insects overwinter in diapause, a pre-programmed anticipated response to unfavorable environmental conditions, often induced by a short-day photoperiod. Diapause involves morphological changes and increased energy stores required for metabolic demands during winter. In diapausing mosquito eggs, the accumulation of lipids plays an important role, because these molecules are the primary fuel consumed during embryogenesis and pharate larvae metabolism, and have a key role in egg desiccation resistance. The supposed inability of the mosquito Aedes aegypti to lay diapausing eggs has been recently challenged by a study on a temperate population, which showed that the inhibition of egg hatching in response to short days is possible in this species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of parental photoperiod on embryonic diapause-related traits, such as the triglyceride content and size of eggs laid, of two populations whose localities of origin differ in their winter length. Two colonies were maintained for each population: one under a Short-Day Photoperiod (SD: 10 h:14 h - Light:Dark) and the other under a Long-Day Photoperiod (LD: 14 h:10 h - Light:Dark). The eggs obtained from each combination of population and light treatment were used for size measurement (length, width and volume) and for the quantification of triglyceride content. Egg size showed differences between photoperiod treatments, with larger width and volume in eggs from the SD treatment. Remarkably, eggs from the SD treatment accumulated twice as many triglycerides as those from the LD treatment. Also, the eggs derived from the population having the longer winter accumulated larger amounts of triglycerides. The higher lipid content is probably contributing to a better survival during the cold season in both populations. The photoperiod-induced response in egg size and amount of triglycerides observed in this study support the hypothesis that the Ae. aegypti populations studied are able to lay diapausing eggs, a fact that provides physiological bases for the further expansion of this species to colder regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mensch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, and Instituto IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2. C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Di Battista
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, and Instituto IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2. C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol De Majo
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, and Instituto IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2. C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl E Campos
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Boulevard 120 y 62 N° 1437, La Plata (B 1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sylvia Fischer
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, and Instituto IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2. C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rolandi C, Lighton JRB, de la Vega GJ, Schilman PE, Mensch J. Genetic variation for tolerance to high temperatures in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10374-10383. [PMID: 30464811 PMCID: PMC6238130 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The range of thermal tolerance is one of the main factors influencing the geographic distribution of species. Climate change projections predict increases in average and extreme temperatures over the coming decades; hence, the ability of living beings to resist these changes will depend on physiological and adaptive responses. On an evolutionary scale, changes will occur as the result of selective pressures on individual heritable differences. In this work, we studied the genetic basis of tolerance to high temperatures in the fly Drosophila melanogaster and whether this species presents sufficient genetic variability to allow expansion of its upper thermo-tolerance limit. To do so, we used adult flies derived from a natural population belonging to the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, for which genomic sequencing data are available. We characterized the phenotypic variation of the upper thermal limit in 34 lines by measuring knockdown temperature (i.e., critical thermal maximum [CTmax]) by exposing flies to a ramp of increasing temperature (0.25°C/min). Fourteen percent of the variation in CTmax is explained by the genetic variation across lines, without a significant sexual dimorphism. Through a genomewide association study, 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the CTmax were identified. In most of these SNPs, the less frequent allele increased the upper thermal limit suggesting that this population harbors raw genetic variation capable of expanding its heat tolerance. This potential upper thermal tolerance increase has implications under the global warming scenario. Past climatic records show a very low incidence of days above CTmax (10 days over 25 years); however, future climate scenarios predict 243 days with extreme high temperature above CTmax from 2045 to 2070. Thus, in the context of the future climate warming, rising temperatures might drive the evolution of heat tolerance in this population by increasing the frequency of the alleles associated with higher CTmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rolandi
- IBBEA‐CONICET‐UBA. DBBEAFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Gerardo J. de la Vega
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos (GEPI)INTA EEA BarilocheBarilocheArgentina
| | - Pablo E. Schilman
- IBBEA‐CONICET‐UBA. DBBEAFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Julián Mensch
- IEGEBA‐CONICET‐UBADEGEFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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Hasson E, De Panis D, Hurtado J, Mensch J. Host Plant Adaptation in Cactophilic Species of theDrosophila buzzatiiCluster: Fitness and Transcriptomics. J Hered 2018; 110:46-57. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego De Panis
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Hurtado
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Mensch
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Démuth B, Galata DL, Balogh A, Szabó E, Nagy B, Farkas A, Hirsch E, Pataki H, Vigh T, Mensch J, Verreck G, Nagy ZK, Marosi G. Application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a protective agent against magnesium stearate induced crystallization of amorphous itraconazole. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:301-308. [PMID: 29902510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Itraconazole is a fungicide drug which has low bioavailability due to its poor water solubility. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a tool that has the potential to greatly increase the dissolution rate and extent of compounds. In this work, the dissolution of tablets containing the ASD of itraconazole with either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA) was compared in order to find a formulation which can prevent the drug from the precipitation caused by magnesium stearate. Formulations containing the PVPVA-based ASD with HPMC included in various forms could reach 90% dissolution in 2 h, while HPMC-based ASDs could release 100% of the drug. However, HPMC-based ASD had remarkably poor grindability and low bulk density, which limited its processability and applicability. The latter issue could be resolved by roller compacting the ASD, which significantly increases the bulk density and the flowability of the powder blends used for tableting. This roller compaction step might be a base for the industrial application of HPMC-based, electrospun ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Démuth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - D L Galata
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - A Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - B Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - A Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - E Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - H Pataki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - T Vigh
- Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Turnhoutseweg 30, Belgium
| | - J Mensch
- Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Turnhoutseweg 30, Belgium
| | - G Verreck
- Janssen Research and Development, 2340 Beerse, Turnhoutseweg 30, Belgium
| | - Z K Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
| | - G Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
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Démuth B, Farkas A, Szabó B, Balogh A, Nagy B, Vágó E, Vigh T, Tinke A, Kazsu Z, Demeter Á, Bertels J, Mensch J, Van Dijck A, Verreck G, Van Assche I, Marosi G, Nagy Z. Development and tableting of directly compressible powder from electrospun nanofibrous amorphous solid dispersion. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mensch J, Hurtado J, Zermoglio PF, de la Vega G, Rolandi C, Schilman PE, Markow TA, Hasson E. Enhanced fertility and chill tolerance after cold-induced reproductive arrest in females of temperate species of the Drosophila buzzatii complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:713-721. [PMID: 27956482 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to low temperatures during adult maturation might decrease fertility after cold recovery as a consequence of carry-over effects on reproductive tissues. This pattern should be more pronounced in tropical than in temperate species as protective mechanisms against chilling injuries are expected to be more effective in the latter. We initially determined the lower thermal thresholds to induce ovarian maturation in four closely related Drosophila species, two inhabiting temperate regions and the other two tropical areas of South America. As expected, only temperate species regularly experience cold-inducing conditions for reproductive arrest during winter in their natural environment. Subsequently, we exposed reproductively arrested and mature females to cold-inducing conditions for reproductive arrest over a long period. Following cold exposure, tropical species exhibited a dramatic fertility decline, irrespective of reproductive status. In contrast, not only were temperate females fecund and fertile but also fertility was superior in females that underwent cold-induced reproductive arrest, suggesting that it might act as a protecting mechanism ensuring fertility after cold recovery. Based on these findings, we decided to evaluate the extent to which reproductive status affects cold tolerance and energy metabolism at low temperature. We found a lower metabolic rate and a higher cold tolerance in reproductively arrested females, although only temperate species attained high levels of chill tolerance. These findings highlight the role of cold-induced reproductive arrest as part of an integrated mechanism of cold adaptation that could potentially contribute to the spread of temperate species into higher latitudes or altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mensch
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA. DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Juan Hurtado
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA. DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Paula F Zermoglio
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA. DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Gerardo de la Vega
- IBBE-CONICET-UBA. DBBE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Carmen Rolandi
- IBBE-CONICET-UBA. DBBE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Schilman
- IBBE-CONICET-UBA. DBBE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Therese A Markow
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Guanajuato 36824, México.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA. DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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Carreira VP, Mensch J, Hasson E, Fanara JJ. Natural Genetic Variation and Candidate Genes for Morphological Traits in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160069. [PMID: 27459710 PMCID: PMC4961385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size is a complex character associated to several fitness related traits that vary within and between species as a consequence of environmental and genetic factors. Latitudinal and altitudinal clines for different morphological traits have been described in several species of Drosophila and previous work identified genomic regions associated with such variation in D. melanogaster. However, the genetic factors that orchestrate morphological variation have been barely studied. Here, our main objective was to investigate genetic variation for different morphological traits associated to the second chromosome in natural populations of D. melanogaster along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Argentina. Our results revealed weak clinal signals and a strong population effect on morphological variation. Moreover, most pairwise comparisons between populations were significant. Our study also showed important within-population genetic variation, which must be associated to the second chromosome, as the lines are otherwise genetically identical. Next, we examined the contribution of different candidate genes to natural variation for these traits. We performed quantitative complementation tests using a battery of lines bearing mutated alleles at candidate genes located in the second chromosome and six second chromosome substitution lines derived from natural populations which exhibited divergent phenotypes. Results of complementation tests revealed that natural variation at all candidate genes studied, invected, Fasciclin 3, toucan, Reticulon-like1, jing and CG14478, affects the studied characters, suggesting that they are Quantitative Trait Genes for morphological traits. Finally, the phenotypic patterns observed suggest that different alleles of each gene might contribute to natural variation for morphological traits. However, non-additive effects cannot be ruled out, as wild-derived strains differ at myriads of second chromosome loci that may interact epistatically with mutant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paula Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Julián Mensch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Fanara
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peluso D, Soto EM, Kreiman L, Hasson E, Mensch J. Contrasting Plasticity in Ovariole Number Induced by A Dietary Effect of the Host Plants between Cactophilic Drosophila Species. Insects 2016; 7:insects7020021. [PMID: 27213456 PMCID: PMC4931433 DOI: 10.3390/insects7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Under the preference-performance hypothesis, natural selection will favor females that choose oviposition sites that optimize the fitness of their offspring. Such a preference-performance relationship may entail important consequences mainly on fitness-related traits. We used the well-characterized cactus-Drosophila system to investigate the reproductive capacity in the pair of sibling species D. buzzatii and D. koepferae reared in two alternative host plants. According to our hypothesis, ovariole number (as a proxy of reproductive capacity) depends on host plant selection. Our results indicate that the capacity of D. buzzatii showed to be mild, only increasing the number of ovarioles by as much as 10% when reared in its preferred host. In contrast, D. koepferae exhibited a similar reproductive capacity across host cacti, even though it showed a preference for its primary host cactus. Our study also revealed that D. buzzatii has a larger genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity than its sibling, although ovariole number did not show clear-cut differences between species. We will discuss the weak preference-performance pattern observed in these cactophilic species in the light of nutritional and toxicological differences found between the natural host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peluso
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo M Soto
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Lucas Kreiman
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Julián Mensch
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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Démuth B, Farkas A, Pataki H, Balogh A, Szabó B, Borbás E, Sóti P, Vigh T, Kiserdei É, Farkas B, Mensch J, Verreck G, Van Assche I, Marosi G, Nagy Z. Detailed stability investigation of amorphous solid dispersions prepared by single-needle and high speed electrospinning. Int J Pharm 2016; 498:234-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mensch J, Serra F, Lavagnino NJ, Dopazo H, Hasson E. Positive selection in nucleoporins challenges constraints on early expressed genes in Drosophila development. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 5:2231-41. [PMID: 24171912 PMCID: PMC3845637 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental conservation among related species is a common generalization known as von Baer’s third law and implies that early stages of development are the most refractory to change. The “hourglass model” is an alternative view that proposes that middle stages are the most constrained during development. To investigate this issue, we undertook a genomic approach and provide insights into how natural selection operates on genes expressed during the first 24 h of Drosophila ontogeny in the six species of the melanogaster group for which whole genome sequences are available. Having studied the rate of evolution of more than 2,000 developmental genes, our results showed differential selective pressures at different moments of embryogenesis. In many Drosophila species, early zygotic genes evolved slower than maternal genes indicating that mid-embryogenesis is the stage most refractory to evolutionary change. Interestingly, positively selected genes were found in all embryonic stages even during the period with the highest developmental constraint, emphasizing that positive selection and negative selection are not mutually exclusive as it is often mistakenly considered. Among the fastest evolving genes, we identified a network of nucleoporins (Nups) as part of the maternal transcriptome. Specifically, the acceleration of Nups was driven by positive selection only in the more recently diverged species. Because many Nups are involved in hybrid incompatibilities between species of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, our results link rapid evolution of early developmental genes with reproductive isolation. In summary, our study revealed that even within functional groups of genes evolving under strong negative selection many positively selected genes could be recognized. Understanding these exceptions to the broad evolutionary conservation of early expressed developmental genes can shed light into relevant processes driving the evolution of species divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mensch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Carreira VP, Imberti MA, Mensch J, Fanara JJ. Gene-by-temperature interactions and candidate plasticity genes for morphological traits in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70851. [PMID: 23936253 PMCID: PMC3728209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of any quantitative trait requires identifying the genes involved in its expression in different environmental conditions. This goal can be achieved by mutagenesis screens in genetically tractable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature during ontogenesis is an important environmental factor affecting development and phenotypic variation in holometabolous insects. In spite of the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for fitness related traits, its genetic basis has remained elusive. In this context, we analyzed five different adult morphological traits (face width, head width, thorax length, wing size and wing shape) in 42 co-isogenic single P-element insertional lines of Drosophila melanogaster raised at 17°C and 25°C. Our analyses showed that all lines differed from the control for at least one trait in males or females at either temperature. However, no line showed those differences for all traits in both sexes and temperatures simultaneously. In this sense, the most pleiotropic candidate genes were CG34460, Lsd-2 and Spn. Our analyses also revealed extensive genetic variation for all the characters mostly indicated by strong GEIs. Further, our results indicate that GEIs were predominantly explained by changes in ranking order in all cases suggesting that a moderate number of genes are involved in the expression of each character at both temperatures. Most lines displayed a plastic response for at least one trait in either sex. In this regard, P-element insertions affecting plasticity of a large number of traits were associated to the candidate genes Btk29A, CG43340, Drak and jim. Further studies will help to elucidate the relevance of these genes on the morphogenesis of different body structures in natural populations of D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paula Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Carreira VP, Soto IM, Mensch J, Fanara JJ. Genetic basis of wing morphogenesis in Drosophila: sexual dimorphism and non-allometric effects of shape variation. BMC Dev Biol 2011; 11:32. [PMID: 21635778 PMCID: PMC3129315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Drosophila wing represents a particularly appropriate model to investigate the developmental control of phenotypic variation. Previous studies which aimed to identify candidate genes for wing morphology demonstrated that the genetic basis of wing shape variation in D. melanogaster is composed of numerous genetic factors causing small, additive effects. In this study, we analyzed wing shape in males and females from 191 lines of D. melanogaster, homozygous for a single P-element insertion, using geometric morphometrics techniques. The analysis allowed us to identify known and novel candidate genes that may contribute to the expression of wing shape in each sex separately and to compare them to candidate genes affecting wing size which have been identified previously using the same lines. RESULTS Our results indicate that more than 63% of induced mutations affected wing shape in one or both sexes, although only 33% showed significant differences in both males and females. The joint analysis of wing size and shape revealed that only 19% of the P-element insertions caused coincident effects on both components of wing form in one or both sexes. Further morphometrical analyses revealed that the intersection between veins showed the smallest displacements in the proximal region of the wing. Finally, we observed that mutations causing general deformations were more common than expected in both sexes whereas the opposite occurred with those generating local changes. For most of the 94 candidate genes identified, this seems to be the first record relating them with wing shape variation. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the idea that the genetic architecture of wing shape is complex with many different genes contributing to the trait in a sexually dimorphic manner. This polygenic basis, which is relatively independent from that of wing size, is composed of genes generally involved in development and/or metabolic functions, especially related to the regulation of different cellular processes such as motility, adhesion, communication and signal transduction. This study suggests that understanding the genetic basis of wing shape requires merging the regulation of vein patterning by signalling pathways with processes that occur during wing development at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria P Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Julián Mensch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Juan J Fanara
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires. Argentina
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Folguera G, Mensch J, Muñoz JL, Ceballos SG, Hasson E, Bozinovic F. Ontogenetic stage-dependent effect of temperature on developmental and metabolic rates in a holometabolous insect. J Insect Physiol 2010; 56:1679-1684. [PMID: 20615413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Different hypotheses attempt to explain how different stages of organisms with complex life cycles respond to environmental changes. Most studies have focused at the among-species level showing similar responses to temperature throughout ontogeny. However, there is no agreement about the pattern expected at the intraspecific scale where a strong selective effect is expected. In this paper, we studied the effects of thermal treatments on a life history trait (developmental rate) and a physiological trait (metabolic rate) during development in the fruitfly Drosophila buzzatii. First, we estimated the rate of development during larval life (LDR) and the pupal stage (PDR) in flies derived from two natural populations exposed to several thermal treatments. Our results showed that the developmental rate ratio, LDR/PDR, did not vary between populations, and that the effects of thermal treatments were stage specific. Second, we studied the relationship between developmental rate (DR) and metabolic rate (MR) in each life cycle stage. We found that allometric relationships between DR and MR varied throughout ontogeny, a pattern that shed light on the mechanisms responsible for thermal plasticity. We conclude that, although different populations may show developmental rate isomorphy; larvae and pupae may choose alternative "decisions" in terms of life-history evolution and physiological traits when confronted to different thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Folguera
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Masungi C, Mensch J, Willems B, Van Dijck A, Borremans C, Noppe M, Brewster ME, Augustijns P. Usefulness of a novel Caco-2 cell perfusion system II. Characterization of monolayer properties and peptidase activity. Pharmazie 2009; 64:36-42. [PMID: 19216229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the enzymatic activity and the influence of support filters and extracellular matrix proteins on the differentiation of Caco-2 cells grown in a perfusion system (Minucells and MinutissueTM) were examined and compared to traditional culturing approaches. Differences were observed regarding the differentiation of Caco-2 cells using the traditional approach and perfusion system such that the cell monolayers grown in a perfusion system showed a significant increase in dipeptidase activities (18.20 +/- 0.43nmol x min(-1) x cm(-2)) compared to the cells cultivated using the 21-day protocol (9.45 +/- 0.50 nmol x min(-1) x cm(-2)). The peptidase activity of Caco-2 cells was strikingly inhibited when Matrigel extracellular protein was used for coating polycarbonate support filters. While the enzymatic activities of the cell monolayers differentiated in the perfusion system were up-regulated, the transepithelial electrical resistance values of the cell monolayers (171 +/- 52 and 251 +/- 62 omega x cm2 for polycarbonate and polyester, respectively) decreased compared to the traditional Snapwell inserts (644 +/- 119 omega x cm2). The results suggested that the perfusion systems were useful permeability models which reduce workload, resources and manpower needed to obtain useful Caco-2 monolayers. In addition, the approach offers an efficient tool for long-term culturing of highly differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers.
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Mensch J, Lavagnino N, Carreira VP, Massaldi A, Hasson E, Fanara JJ. Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction. BMC Dev Biol 2008; 8:78. [PMID: 18687152 PMCID: PMC2519079 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometabolous insects that occupy ephemeral habitats, like fruit flies, the impact of developmental time on fitness is further exaggerated. The present work is one of the first systematic studies of the genetic basis of developmental time, in which we also evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the expression of the trait. Results We analyzed 179 co-isogenic single P[GT1]-element insertion lines of Drosophila melanogaster to identify novel genes affecting developmental time in flies reared at 25°C. Sixty percent of the lines showed a heterochronic phenotype, suggesting that a large number of genes affect this trait. Mutant lines for the genes Merlin and Karl showed the most extreme phenotypes exhibiting a developmental time reduction and increase, respectively, of over 2 days and 4 days relative to the control (a co-isogenic P-element insertion free line). In addition, a subset of 42 lines selected at random from the initial set of 179 lines was screened at 17°C. Interestingly, the gene-by-environment interaction accounted for 52% of total phenotypic variance. Plastic reaction norms were found for a large number of developmental time candidate genes. Conclusion We identified components of several integrated time-dependent pathways affecting egg-to-adult developmental time in Drosophila. At the same time, we also show that many heterochronic phenotypes may arise from changes in genes involved in several developmental mechanisms that do not explicitly control the timing of specific events. We also demonstrate that many developmental time genes have pleiotropic effects on several adult traits and that the action of most of them is sensitive to temperature during development. Taken together, our results stress the need to take into account the effect of environmental variation and the dynamics of gene interactions on the genetic architecture of this complex life-history trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mensch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Masungi C, Mensch J, Van Dijck A, Borremans C, Willems B, Mackie C, Noppe M, Brewster ME. Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) combined with a 10-day multiscreen Caco-2 cell culture as a tool for assessing new drug candidates. Pharmazie 2008; 63:194-199. [PMID: 18444507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) is extensively used for the evaluation of early drug candidates. It is high throughput, low cost and is amenable to automation. This method has been shown useful in assessing transmembrane, non-energy dependent, diffusion of drugs such that reasonable predictability with in vivo (passive) absorption is possible. Cell cultures mimicking the gastrointestinal tract such as the CACO-2 cultures have the advantage of taking into account other transport mechanism including paracellular and carrier-mediated uptake but are lower throughput and labor-intensive. In this study, the applicability of two high throughput permeability assays namely PAMPA (PSR4p, pION Inc.) and 96-well Caco-2 cell assay (MultiScreen, Millipore) were used to rank drug permeability as well as to predict passive and active drug absorption/secretion for a series of marketed drugs as well as a collection of structurally diverse drug candidates. CACO-2 cells were cultured using MultiScreen hardware over a period of 10 days with the integrity of the cells assessed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and by the ability of the monolayer to the transport a paracellular marker, sodium fluorescence. Effective permeability (Peff) data were calculated using spectrophotometric data and were binned based on a pre-defined cut-off values as either highly and poorly permeable. A comparison of a well characterized drug training set indicate at least 85% concordance between the data generated from PAMPA and Caco-2 MultiScreen. The values obtained using the MultiScreen approach were also similar to data obtained from the literature using the conventional 21-day Caco-2 cell assay. Differences between PAMPA and CACO-2 ranking were useful indicators of either drug efflux (PAMPA (Peff) > CACO-2 (Peff)) or absorptive transport (CACO-2 (Peff) > PAMPA (Peff)). These results indicate that PAMPA combined with the MultiScreen Caco-2 cell culture may be a useful high throughput screening for predicting passive diffusion and active transport of new drugs.
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Fanara JJ, Folguera G, Iriarte PF, Mensch J, Hasson E. Genotype by environment interactions in viability and developmental time in populations of cactophilic Drosophila. J Evol Biol 2006; 19:900-8. [PMID: 16674586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and ecological basis of viability and developmental time differences between Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae were analysed using the isofemale line technique. Several isofemale lines were sampled from pairs of allopatric/sympatric populations of each species. Flies were reared in media prepared with decaying tissues of two of the main natural cactus hosts of each species. This experimental design enabled us to evaluate the relative contribution of phenotypic plasticity, genetic variation and genotype by environment interaction (G x E) to total phenotypic variation for two fitness traits, viability and developmental time. Our results revealed significant G x E in both traits, suggesting that the maintenance of genetic variation can be explained, at least in part, by diversifying selection in different patches of a heterogeneous environment in both species. However, the relative importance of the factors involved in the G x E varied between traits and populations within species. For viability, the G x E can be mainly attributed to changes in the rank order of lines across cacti. However, the pattern was different for developmental time. In D. buzzatii the G x E can be mainly accounted for by changes in among line variance across cacti, whereas changes in the rank order of lines across cacti was the main component in D. koepferae. These dissimilar patterns of variation between traits and species suggest that the evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation for developmental time and viability vary between populations within species and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Fanara
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. II, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Brewster ME, Verreck G, Chun I, Rosenblatt J, Mensch J, Van Dijck A, Noppe M, Ariën A, Bruining M, Peeters J. The use of polymer-based electrospun nanofibers containing amorphous drug dispersions for the delivery of poorly water-soluble pharmaceuticals. Pharmazie 2004; 59:387-91. [PMID: 15212307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic spinning was applied to the preparation of drug-laden nanofiber for potential use in oral and topical drug delivery. While this technique is in its infancy with regard to pharmaceutical applications, a number of recent publications suggest that it may be of high value in the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs by combining nanotechnology and solid solution/dispersion methodologies. The purpose of this article is to describe some of these recently published applications. For immediate release oral application, a water-soluble cellulose polymer was selected (i.e., hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, HPMC) while for topical application, a nonbiodegradable, water-insoluble polymer was investigated (i.e., a segmented polyurethane, SPU). Solutions of the polymer and the drugs in appropriate solvents could be spun across various potentials (16-24 kV) generating nanofibers with diameters ranging from 300 to 2000 nm. Dissolution studies found that the non-woven fabrics derived from HPMC and containing itraconazole dissolved over a time course of minutes to hours depending on the formulation used as well as the drug/polymer ratios. Drug release from the SPU samples was dependent on the incorporated drug as well as nanostructure obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Brewster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium.
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23
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Ennis CD, Solmon MA, Satina B, Loftus SJ, Mensch J, McCauley MT. Creating a sense of family in urban schools using the "sport for peace" curriculum. Res Q Exerc Sport 1999; 70:273-285. [PMID: 10522285 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.1999.10608046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Urban students often have difficulty engaging in the learning process and affiliating with others. A three-phase research design was used to examine the effectiveness of a high school physical education curriculum reform initiative entitled "Sport for Peace" to enhance student engagement and willingness to interact positively with others. Ten physical educators in six urban schools taught a traditional soccer unit (Phase I) followed by instruction and mentoring in the Sport for Peace curriculum (Phase II). In the third phase of the research, teachers developed and taught a Sport for Peace unit to their students. Data were collected using observation and interview methods and analyzed with constant comparison. Results suggested that the Sport for Peace curricular structures fostered shared responsibility for learning, trust, respect, and a sense of family. Both high- and low-skilled girls and boys felt successful and responded positively, creating a class community more conducive to engagement and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Ennis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, USA.
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24
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Herve PA, Silbert D, Mensch J, Cerrina J, Ladurie FL, Rain B, Bavoux E, Chapelier A, Dartevelle P, Lafont D. Increased lung clearance of 99mTcDTPA in allograft lung rejection. The Paris-Sud Lung Transplant Group. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144:1333-6. [PMID: 1741547 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/144.6.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether lung 99mTc-DTPA clearance is altered during allograft lung rejection, a group of four double lung and 24 heart-lung transplant patients was studied using serial measurement of the clearance rate of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA (DTPA-Cl), in association with pulmonary function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage, and transbronchial lung biopsies. Using histologic diagnosis as a standard, we compared 56 episodes with normal lung histology to 32 episodes with allograft lung rejection. A control group of 20 healthy nonsmokers was used to define normal DTPA-Cl. In patients with normal lung histology, DTPA-Cl was higher than in control subjects (2.62 +/- 0.25 versus 1.20 +/- 0.12 %/min; p less than 0.001). In the episodes of allograft lung rejection, DTPA-Cl increased to 3.65 +/- 0.41 %/min (p less than 0.02) as compared with episodes of normal lung histology. The change in DTPA-Cl during allograft lung rejection was correlated (r = 0.3, p less than 0.01) with the increased percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (27.8 +/- 3.5% in rejection versus 19.9 +/- 2.2% in normal histology; p less than 0.02). Sensitivity and specificity of DTPA-Cl measurement in detecting lung rejection were 69 and 82%, respectively, versus 45 and 85% for FEV1 measurement. These results suggest that DTPA-Cl monitoring could be used in conjunction with pulmonary function testing as a noninvasive approach for the detection of lung rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Herve
- Service de Chirugie Thoracique et de Médecine Nuclélaire, Hopital Marie-Lannelongue et Service de Pneumologie, Hopital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, France
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25
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Rosso J, Musset D, Petitpretz P, Mensch J, Duroux P, Galle P, Meignan M. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography and lung imaging: compared value in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Clin Nucl Med 1989; 14:183-6. [PMID: 2661099 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-198903000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study, 42 consecutive patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism underwent ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) lung imaging and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) concurrently with selective conventional pulmonary angiography (CPA). Thirty-eight studies achieved within 24 hours were reviewed independently by two pairs of observers. The findings were compared using CPA as the gold standard. V-Q lung imaging had a high percentage of indeterminate results, but none were false negative nor false positive. DSA had a lower percentage of indeterminate results but missed four of the 25 positive cases and erroneously affirmed the presence of pulmonary embolism in three cases. Therefore, the authors think that V-Q lung imaging should remain the screening examination of choice for evaluating patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rosso
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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26
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Girard P, Mathieu M, Simonneau G, Petitpretz P, Cerrina J, Herve P, Rosso J, Musset D, Mensch J, Duroux P. Recurrence of pulmonary embolism during anticoagulant treatment: a prospective study. Thorax 1987; 42:481-6. [PMID: 3438891 PMCID: PMC460799 DOI: 10.1136/thx.42.7.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The risk of early recurrence of pulmonary embolism in patients with venous thromboembolic disease treated by anticoagulants is not well established. To determine the risk linked to contemporary proximal deep venous thrombosis, a prospective study was organised to give clinical and scintigraphic surveillance to 50 patients with angiographically proved pulmonary embolism plus phlebographically proved proximal deep vein thrombosis during the first 15 days of anticoagulant treatment. Perfusion lung scans were performed initially and on days 3, 7, and 15. Only two patients had a recurrence of pulmonary embolism during this period; both episodes were revealed by new symptoms, and one recurrence was fatal. The systematic performance of angiography in four patients found to have new scintigraphic defects led to the diagnosis of "spurious scintigraphic recurrence" in three of them. It is concluded that (a) adjusted anticoagulant treatment showed an effectiveness of 96% for preventing early recurrence of pulmonary embolism in this group of supposed high risk patients, and (b) in patients with recent pulmonary embolism new defects on systematic perfusion lung scans are not specific indicators of recurrent pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Girard
- Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation, Hôpital A Béclère, Clamart, France
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27
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Steere AC, Snydman D, Murray P, Mensch J, Main AJ, Wallis RC, Shope RE, Malawista SE. Historical perspective of Lyme disease. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A 1986; 263:3-6. [PMID: 3554843 DOI: 10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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