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Gómez-Martínez D, Londoño-Cruz E, Mejía-Falla PA. Upper thermal tolerance and population implications for the Magdalena River stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1698-1708. [PMID: 38420688 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of thermal tolerance limits provides important clues to the capacity of a species to withstand acute and chronic thermal changes. Climate models predict the increase and intensification of events such as heat waves, therefore understanding the upper thermal limits that a species can tolerate has become of utmost importance. We measured the upper thermal tolerance of the endemic Magdalena river stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae acclimated to experimental conditions, and then used critical thermal methodology to find the temperature at which an organism reaches a critical endpoint where locomotory activity becomes disorganized and the animal loses its ability to escape from conditions that will promptly lead to its death. We also describe the behavioral response of individuals to acute thermal stress and infer the possible consequences of temperature increases in the habitats of P. magdalenae populations. There were no significant differences between sexes in temperature tolerance or behavior. The critical thermal maximum (39°C) was 5.9°C above the maximum recorded temperature for the study area. Although P. magdalenae was tolerant to high temperature and currently is not living at its upper thermal limit, its survival in Guarinocito Pond will be threatened if temperatures continue to increase, considering the warming scenarios predicted for tropical regions due to climate change, even including short-term climate phenomena such as El Niño.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gómez-Martínez
- Fundación colombiana para la investigación y conservación de tiburones y rayas, SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia
| | - Edgardo Londoño-Cruz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecosistemas Rocosos Intermareales y Submareales Someros-LITHOS, Sección de Biología Marina, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Paola Andrea Mejía-Falla
- Fundación colombiana para la investigación y conservación de tiburones y rayas, SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Sección de Zoología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Wildlife Conservation Society, WCS Colombia, Cali, Colombia
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2
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Gunderson AR. Disentangling physiological and physical explanations for body size-dependent thermal tolerance. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb245645. [PMID: 38426549 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The effects of climate change are often body size dependent. One contributing factor could be size-dependent thermal tolerance (SDTT), the propensity for heat and cold tolerance to vary with body size among species and among individuals within species. SDTT is hypothesized to be caused by size differences in the temperature dependence of underlying physiological processes that operate at the cellular and organ/system level (physiological SDTT). However, temperature-dependent physiology need not change with body size for SDTT to be observed. SDTT can also arise because of physical differences that affect the relative body temperature dynamics of large and small organisms (physical SDTT). In this Commentary, I outline how physical SDTT occurs, its mechanistic differences from physiological SDTT, and how physical and physiological SDTT make different predictions about organismal responses to thermal variation. I then describe how physical SDTT can influence the outcome of thermal tolerance experiments, present an experimental framework for disentangling physical and physiological SDTT, and provide examples of tests for physiological SDTT that control for physical effects using data from Anolis lizards. Finally, I discuss how physical SDTT can affect organisms in natural environments and influence their vulnerability to anthropogenic warming. Differentiating between physiological and physical SDTT is important because it has implications for how we design and interpret thermal tolerance experiments and our fundamental understanding of thermal ecology and thermal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Gunderson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, Lindy Boggs Building Room 400, New Orleans, LA 70118-5698, USA
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3
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Mohamad S, Rahmah S, Zainuddin RA, A Thallib Y, Razali RS, Jalilah M, Abd Ghaffar M, Lim LS, Chang YM, Qun Liang L, Das SK, Chen YM, Liew HJ. Hoven's carp Leptobarbus hoevenii strategized metabolism needs to cope with changing environment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25559. [PMID: 38404778 PMCID: PMC10884815 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Current water warming and freshwater acidification undoubtedly affect the life of aquatic animals especially ammonotelic teleost by altering their physiological responses. The effect of temperature (28 °C vs 32 °C) and pH (7 vs. 5) on the metabolic compromising strategies of Hoven's carp (Leptobarbus hoevenii) was investigated in this study. Fishes were conditioned to (i) 28 °C + pH 7 (N28°C); (ii) 32 °C + pH 7 (N32°C); (iii) 28 °C + pH 5 (L28°C) and (iv) 32 °C + pH 5 (L32°C) for 20 days followed by osmorespiration assay. Results showed that feeding performance of Hoven's carp was significantly depressed when exposed to low pH conditions (L28°C and L32°C). However, by exposed Hoven's carp to L32°C induced high metabolic oxygen intake and ammonia excretion to about 2x-folds higher compared to the control group. As for energy mobilization, Hoven's carp mobilized liver and muscle protein under L28°C condition. Whereas under high temperature in both pH, Hoven's carp had the tendency to reserve energy in both of liver and muscle. The findings of this study revealed that Hoven's carp is sensitive to lower water pH and high temperature, thereby they remodeled their physiological needs to cope with the environmental changes condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaini Mohamad
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Rahmah
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyyah Zainuddin
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Yusnita A Thallib
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Ros Suhaida Razali
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Jalilah
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yu Mei Chang
- Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
| | - Li Qun Liang
- Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
| | - Simon Kumar Das
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Marine Ecosystem Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hon Jung Liew
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
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4
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Cowan ZL, Andreassen AH, De Bonville J, Green L, Binning SA, Silva-Garay L, Jutfelt F, Sundin J. A novel method for measuring acute thermal tolerance in fish embryos. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad061. [PMID: 37565236 PMCID: PMC10410291 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ectotherms are vulnerable to thermal stress, with embryos predicted to be more sensitive than juveniles and adults. When examining the vulnerability of species and life stages to warming, comparable methodology must be used to obtain robust conclusions. Critical thermal methodology is commonly used to characterize acute thermal tolerances in fishes, with critical thermal maximum (CTmax) referring to the acute upper thermal tolerance limit. At this temperature, fish exhibit loss of controlled locomotion due to a temperature-induced collapse of vital physiological functions. While it is relatively easy to monitor behavioural responses and measure CTmax in larval and adult fish, this is more challenging in embryos, leading to a lack of data on this life stage, or that studies rely on potentially incomparable metrics. Here, we present a novel method for measuring CTmax in fish embryos, defined by the temperature at which embryos stop moving. Additionally, we compare this measurement with the temperature of the embryos' last heartbeat, which has previously been proposed as a method for measuring embryonic CTmax. We found that, like other life stages, late-stage embryos exhibited a period of increased activity, peaking approximately 2-3°C before CTmax. Measurements of CTmax based on last movement are more conservative and easier to record in later developmental stages than measurements based on last heartbeat, and they also work well with large and small embryos. Importantly, CTmax measurements based on last movement in embryos are similar to measurements from larvae and adults based on loss of locomotory control. Using last heartbeat as CTmax in embryos likely overestimates acute thermal tolerance, as the heart is still beating when loss of response/equilibrium is reached in larvae/adults. The last movement technique described here allows for comparisons of acute thermal tolerance of embryos between species and across life stages, and as a response variable to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara-Louise Cowan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Anna H Andreassen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Jeremy De Bonville
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Théres̀e-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Leon Green
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Center, Fiskebäckskil, 451 78, Sweden
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Théres̀e-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Lorena Silva-Garay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Center, Fiskebäckskil, 451 78, Sweden
| | - Josefin Sundin
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, 178 93, Sweden
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5
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Han G, Du Y, Du L. Effects of heating rate and shell colour on the cardiac thermal performance in a polymorphic gastropod Batillaria attramentaria. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 189:106045. [PMID: 37295309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heating rate has gained extensive attention in mechanistic understanding of physiological responses to changing thermal conditions in the context of climate change. In polymorphic gastropods, differences in the absorption of solar energy between dark- and light-coloured individuals lead to supposable differences in their heating rates and body temperatures in sunshine. In the present study, we examined the effect of heating rate on heart rate (HR) in a polymorphic gastropod Batillaria attramentaria. By using biomimetic models, we found that daily maximum temperature of snails with a dark unbanded shell (D-type morph) was higher than snails with a white line on the upper side of each whorl (UL-type morph) by 0.6 °C when exposed to sunlight, but there was no apparent difference in heating rates between D- and UL-type models. We measured HR of snails at various heating rates from 3.0 to 9.0 °C h-1. Faster heating rates significantly increased maximum thermal tolerance in both D- and UL-type snails, highlighting the importance to have thorough knowledge on the heating rate in the field to obtain accurate maximum thermal limit of gastropods. Critical temperature at which HR precipitously declines was higher in D-type snails than UL-type snails. Our results suggested that the impacts of heating rate as well as the shell colour should be considered to gain a mechanistic understanding of the population dynamics of polymorphic gastropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Han
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Shandong, 264005, China.
| | - Yinghui Du
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Lina Du
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Shandong, 264005, China
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6
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Desforges JE, Birnie-Gauvin K, Jutfelt F, Gilmour KM, Eliason EJ, Dressler TL, McKenzie DJ, Bates AE, Lawrence MJ, Fangue N, Cooke SJ. The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1000-1016. [PMID: 36880500 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal maxima methodology (CTM) has been used to infer acute upper thermal tolerance in fishes since the 1950s, yet its ecological relevance remains debated. In this study, the authors synthesize evidence to identify methodological concerns and common misconceptions that have limited the interpretation of critical thermal maximum (CTmax ; value for an individual fish during one trial) in ecological and evolutionary studies of fishes. They identified limitations of, and opportunities for, using CTmax as a metric in experiments, focusing on rates of thermal ramping, acclimation regimes, thermal safety margins, methodological endpoints, links to performance traits and repeatability. Care must be taken when interpreting CTM in ecological contexts, because the protocol was originally designed for ecotoxicological research with standardized methods to facilitate comparisons within study individuals, across species and contexts. CTM can, however, be used in ecological contexts to predict impacts of environmental warming, but only if parameters influencing thermal limits, such as acclimation temperature or rate of thermal ramping, are taken into account. Applications can include mitigating the effects of climate change, informing infrastructure planning or modelling species distribution, adaptation and/or performance in response to climate-related temperature change. The authors' synthesis points to several key directions for future research that will further aid the application and interpretation of CTM data in ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Desforges
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erika J Eliason
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Terra L Dressler
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nann Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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de Souza JS, Vinagre C, Dos Santos LN. Thermal plasticity over a marine-estuarine ecocline can buffer a tropical fish from warming. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:105998. [PMID: 37094528 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance can favor species persistence in a warmer ocean, but is often overlooked in fine-scale studies. Nonetheless, local drivers (e.g. salinity) interact with temperature to shape species' thermal response. Here, we acclimated juveniles of Brazilian silversides Atherinella brasiliensis captured at the limits of a marine-estuarine ecocline under reciprocal-cross conditions, to test for phenotypic plasticity in heat tolerance. We also tested whether silversides acclimated to temperatures predicted for 2100 (+3-4.5 °C). Fish in warm-brackish waters showed higher CTMax (Critical Thermal Maximum) than those in cold-marine conditions, regardless of their origin. Silversides' CTMax reached up to 40.6 °C, but it did not increase after exposure to temperatures predicted for 2100. Lack of acclimation response suggests that silversides heat tolerance has reached a "ceiling", despite thermal plasticity. Our findings show that fine-scale environmental heterogeneity can promote phenotypic plasticity for tropical species, reducing the risk of short-term extirpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Silva de Souza
- Graduate Course in Ecology and Evolution (PPGEE), University of Rio de Janeiro State (UERJ), São Francisco Xavier St, 524 - PHLC/R220, CEP, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology (LICTA), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458 - R314A, CEP, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luciano Neves Dos Santos
- Graduate Course in Ecology and Evolution (PPGEE), University of Rio de Janeiro State (UERJ), São Francisco Xavier St, 524 - PHLC/R220, CEP, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology (LICTA), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458 - R314A, CEP, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Molina JM, Kunzmann A, Reis JP, Guerreiro PM. Metabolic Responses and Resilience to Environmental Challenges in the Sedentary Batrachoid Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040632. [PMID: 36830420 PMCID: PMC9951689 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of climate change, warming of the seas and expansion of hypoxic zones are challenges that most species of fish are, or will be subjected to. Understanding how different species cope with these changes in their environment at the individual level can shed light on how populations and ecosystems will be affected. We provide first-time estimates on the metabolic rates, thermal, and oxygen-related limits for Halobatrachus didactylus, a coastal sedentary fish that lives in intertidal environments of the Northeast Atlantic. Using respirometry in different experimental designs, we found that this species is highly resistant to acute thermal stress (CTmax: 34.82 ± 0.66 °C) and acute hypoxia (Pcrit: 0.59-1.97 mg O2 L-1). We found size-specific differences in this stress response, with smaller individuals being more sensitive. We also quantified its aerobic scope and daily activity patterns, finding this fish to be extremely sedentary, with one of the lowest standard metabolic rates found in temperate fish (SMR: 14.96 mg O2 kg-1h-1). H. didactylus activity increases at night, when its metabolic rate increases drastically (RMR: 36.01 mg O2 kg-1h-1). The maximum metabolic rate of H. didactylus was estimated to be 67.31 mg O2 kg-1h-1, producing an aerobic scope of 52.35 mg O2 kg-1h-1 (77.8% increase). The metrics obtained in this study prove that H. didactylus is remarkably resilient to acute environmental variations in temperature and oxygen content, which might enable it to adapt to the extreme abiotic conditions forecasted for the world's oceans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Molina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (CONICET), Bahía Blanca B8000, Argentina
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - João Pena Reis
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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9
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Koehlinger JA, Newton J, Mickett J, Thompson L, Klinger T. Large and transient positive temperature anomalies in Washington's coastal nearshore waters during the 2013-2015 northeast Pacific marine heatwave. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280646. [PMID: 36724168 PMCID: PMC9891519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The northern portion of Washington's outer coast-known locally as the Olympic coast-is a dynamic region characterized by seasonal upwelling that predominates during summer interrupted by occasional periods of downwelling. We examined spring-to-fall water temperature records collected along this coast from 2001-2015 from April to October at four nearshore locations (Cape Elizabeth to Makah Bay) that span one degree of latitude and are located within 15 km of the shore. When compared against a long-term climatology created for 2001-2013, seven-day smoothed temperature anomalies of up to 4.5°C at 40 m depth during 2014 and 2015 show short-term warm events lasting 10-20 days. These periods of warming occurred within the well documented marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific and were about twice the seasonal temperature range in the climatology at that depth. These warm events were strongly correlated with periods of northward long-shore winds and upper ocean currents, consistent with what is expected for the response to downwelling-favorable winds. While our focus a priori was on 2014 and 2015, we also found large positive temperature events in 2013, which were potentially related to the early stage of the marine heatwave, and in 2011, which did not have a documented marine heatwave. This indicates that near-shore short-term warm events occur during periods of large-scale offshore marine heatwave events, but also can occur in the absence of a large-scale marine heatwave event when downwelling-favorable winds occur during the summer/early fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Koehlinger
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,* E-mail:
| | - Jan Newton
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John Mickett
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - LuAnne Thompson
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Terrie Klinger
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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10
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Turriago JL, Tejedo M, Hoyos JM, Bernal MH. The effect of thermal microenvironment in upper thermal tolerance plasticity in tropical tadpoles. Implications for vulnerability to climate warming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:746-759. [PMID: 35674344 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change is generating accelerated increase in extreme heat events and organismal plastic adjustments in upper thermal tolerances, (critical thermal maximum -CTmax ) are recognized as the quicker mitigating mechanisms. However, current research casts doubt on the actual mitigating role of thermal acclimation to face heat impacts, due to its low magnitude and weak environmental signal. Here, we examined these drawbacks by first estimating maximum extent of thermal acclimation by examining known sources of variation affecting CTmax expression, such as daily thermal fluctuation and heating rates. Second, we examined whether the magnitude and pattern of CTmax plasticity is dependent of the thermal environment by comparing the acclimation responses of six species of tropical amphibian tadpoles inhabiting thermally contrasting open and shade habitats and, finally, estimating their warming tolerances (WT = CTmax - maximum temperatures) as estimator of heating risk. We found that plastic CTmax responses are improved in tadpoles exposed to fluctuating daily regimens. Slow heating rates implying longer duration assays determined a contrasting pattern in CTmax plastic expression, depending on species environment. Shade habitat species suffer a decline in CTmax whereas open habitat tadpoles greatly increase it, suggesting an adaptive differential ability of hot exposed species to quick hardening adjustments. Open habitat tadpoles although overall acclimate more than shade habitat species, cannot capitalize this beneficial increase in CTmax, because the maximum ambient temperatures are very close to their critical limits, and this increase may not be large enough to reduce acute heat stress under the ongoing global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Turriago
- Department of Biology, Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julio M Hoyos
- Department of Biology, Grupo UNESIS, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel H Bernal
- Department of Biology, Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
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Missionário M, Fernandes JF, Travesso M, Freitas E, Calado R, Madeira D. Sex-specific thermal tolerance limits in the ditch shrimp Palaemon varians: Eco-evolutionary implications under a warming ocean. J Therm Biol 2022; 103:103151. [PMID: 35027201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As global temperatures continue to rise due to global change, marine heatwaves are also becoming more frequent and intense, impacting marine biodiversity patterns worldwide. Organisms inhabiting shallow water environments, such as the commercially relevant ditch shrimp Palaemon varians, are expected to be the most affected by rising temperatures. Thus, addressing species' thermal ecology and climate extinction-risk is crucial to foster climate-smart conservation strategies for shallow water ecosystems. Here, we estimated sex-specific upper thermal tolerance limits for P. varians via the Critical Thermal Maximum method (CTmax), using loss of equilibrium as endpoint. We further calculated thermal safety margins for males and females and tested for correlations between upper thermal limits and shrimps' body size. To determine sex-biased variation in P. varians' traits (CTmax, weight and length), we compared trait variation between females and males through the coefficient of variation ratio (lnCVR). Females displayed an average CTmax value 1.8% lower than males (CTmaxfemales = 37.0 °C vs CTmaxmales = 37.7 °C). This finding may be related to the larger body size exhibited by females (156% heavier and 39% larger than males), as both length and weight had a significant effect on CTmax. The high energetic investment of females in offspring may also contribute to the differences recorded in thermal tolerance. Overall, organisms with a smaller body-size displayed a greater tolerance to elevated temperature, thus suggesting that smaller individuals may be positively selected in warmer environments. This selection may result in a reduction of size-at-maturity and shifts in sex ratio, given the sexual dimorphism in body size of shrimps. The thermal safety margin of P. varians was narrow (∼2.2 °C for males and ∼1.5 °C for females), revealing the vulnerability of this species to ocean warming and heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Missionário
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Joana Filipa Fernandes
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Margarida Travesso
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Freitas
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal.
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12
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Abstract
AbstractThe frequency, intensity, and duration of periods of extreme environmental warming are expected to rise over the next hundred years and play an increasing role in species loss resulting from climate change, and yet we know little about their potential future effects on variability in the composition of communities. This study analyzed patterns of species loss in a community of four rotifers and six ciliates exposed to different rates of extreme warming. Temperature of loss was positively correlated with warming rates for all species, consistent with theoretical frameworks suggesting that lower rates of warming increase exposure time and cumulative thermal stress at each temperature. The sequence of species loss during extreme warming depended on the environmental warming rate (i.e., warming rates had the capacity to drive reversals in the relative thermal tolerances of species), and changes in the sequence of species loss driven by the warming rate resulted in substantial variability in community composition. The results suggest that differences in warming rates across space and time may increase variability in community composition in ecosystems increasingly disturbed by extreme temperature, potentially altering interspecific interactions, the abiotic environment, and ecosystem function. Several ecological mechanisms may be responsible, singly or together, for changes in the sequence of species loss at different rates of warming, including (a) differences among species in their sensitivity to the intensity and duration of heat exposure, (b) the effects of warming rates on temperature-dependent interspecific interactions, and (c) differences in opportunities for evolution among species and across warming rates.
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13
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Collin R, Rebolledo AP, Smith E, Chan KYK. Thermal tolerance of early development predicts the realized thermal niche in marine ectotherms. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Collin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado Postal Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Adriana P. Rebolledo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado Postal Balboa Ancon Panama
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Emily Smith
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado Postal Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Kit Yu Karen Chan
- Biology Department Swarthmore College Swarthmore PA USA
- Division of Life Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
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14
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van der Walt KA, Porri F, Potts WM, Duncan MI, James NC. Thermal tolerance, safety margins and vulnerability of coastal species: Projected impact of climate change induced cold water variability in a temperate African region. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105346. [PMID: 33971581 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic induced climate change is predicted to increase the thermal variability in coastal waters, which can have strong physiological effects on individuals and populations of marine ectotherms. The magnitude and direction of these thermal effects varies depending on species, life stage, biogeography, habitat and season. This study aimed to compare the thermal tolerance of a range of juvenile fish and adult macro-invertebrates from intertidal and estuarine habitats in a warm-temperate, thermally variable region on the south-east coast of South Africa. Seasonal variability in thermal tolerance was compared between species, taxonomic groups, biogeographical distribution and habitat affinity and related to existing and projected water temperature data to gauge the local vulnerability of each species. Critical thermal maximum (CTmax), critical thermal minimum (CTmin), thermal breadths and scopes, and the thermal safety margins of each species were quantified. The greatest differences in thermal tolerance patterns were based on taxonomy, with macro-invertebrates having broader thermal tolerance compared to fish, with the exception of the Cape sea urchin, in both summer and winter. Relatively narrow lower breadths in tolerance and safety margin values for transient juvenile sub-tropical and temperate fish species from the intertidal rocky low-shore habitat were observed in both summer and winter. This indicates that these fish species and the Cape sea urchin may be more vulnerable to projected increases in cold temperature (upwelling in summer) than warm temperature variability in this warm-temperate region if they are unable to seek thermal habitat refuge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann van der Walt
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Francesca Porri
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Warren M Potts
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Murray I Duncan
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, United States
| | - Nicola C James
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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15
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Mohamad S, Liew HJ, Zainuddin RA, Rahmah S, Waiho K, Ghaffar MA, Nhan HT, Loh JY, Lim LS, Chang Y, Liang L, De Boeck G. High environmental temperature and low pH stress alter the gill phenotypic plasticity of Hoven's carp Leptobarbus hoevenii. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:206-218. [PMID: 33629400 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and low pH environment are known to negatively impact all levels of aquatic organism from cellular to organism and population levels. For ammonotelic freshwater species, any abiotic factor fluctuation will cause disturbance to the fish, specifically at the gills which act as a multifunctional organ to support all biological processes. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of temperature (28 vs. 32°C) and pH (7.0 vs. 5.0) stress on the gill plasticity of Hoven's carp after 20 days of continuous exposure. The results demonstrated that high temperature and low pH caused severe changes on the primary and secondary lamellae as well as the cells within lamellae. An increasing trend of the proportion available for gas exchange was noticed at high temperature in both pH exposures, which resulted from a reduction of the primary lamellae width with elongated and thinner secondary lamellae compared to fishes at ambient temperature. Following exposure to high temperature and acidic pH, Hoven's carp experienced gill modifications including aneurysm, oedema, hypertrophy, curling of secondary lamellae, epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and lamellae fusion. These modifications are indicators of the coping mechanism of Hoven's carp to the changing environment in order to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaini Mohamad
- Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Hon Jung Liew
- Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyyah Zainuddin
- Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Rahmah
- Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
- Higher Institution of Center Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environments, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Hua Thai Nhan
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Yumei Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liqun Liang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Dash P, Tandel RS, Pandey N, Sawant PB, Sarma D, Rawat KD, Chadha NK. Effects of rearing temperature on egg incubation, growth, standard metabolic rate, and thermal tolerance of chocolate mahseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102942. [PMID: 34016361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the effect of temperatures on egg incubation, growth, standard metabolic rate (SMR), and thermal tolerance of a near threatened Himalayan hill stream chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis). For the hatching study, eggs were incubated in four temperatures (17, 20, 23, and 26 °C). The total hatching and free-swimming larvae percentage were higher at 23 °C (p < 0.05). Experiment I (for validation of the CTmax method) was carried out by incubating eggs at 17 °C and 23 °C. The CTmax was estimated in response to different warming rates (1-18°C h-1), acclimation temperatures (17 and 23°C), and the age of fishes (8, 15, 35 dph). The results suggested that a warming rate of 18°C h-1 could be used for the thermal tolerance study of yolk-sac larvae (8 dph) and 35 dph larvae, but for free-swimming larvae (15 dph) up to 3°C h-1 is suitable. Experiment II (for growth, SMR and thermal tolerance) was carried by acclimatizing 15 dph larvae in five temperatures (15, 19, 23, 27, and 31 °C) for 60 days. The mean growth rate increased with the increase in temperature from 15°C to 27°C (1.30-3.58% day-1) and decreased at 31°C. The mean SMR of the chocolate mahseer in the above acclimation temperatures was ranged from 1.14 ± 0.36 to 2.81 ± 0.15 μgO2h-1mg-1 and were significantly different (p < 0.01). The Q10 with the SMR of the fish suggested the preferred temperature ranged between 23 and 27 °C, and the optimum temperature for growth (ToptG) was estimated to be 25 °C. Chocolate mahseer is an eurythermal species which is advantageous for aquaculture practices due to its wide thermal tolerance zone (411.68°C2 in 15 to 31 °C acclimation temperature range) and high ARR values (0.49 - 0.54).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Dash
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India.
| | - Ritesh Shantilal Tandel
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Nityanand Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Paramita Banerjee Sawant
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Kiran Dube Rawat
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Narinder Kumar Chadha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
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17
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Campos DF, Amanajás RD, Almeida-Val VMF, Val AL. Climate vulnerability of South American freshwater fish: Thermal tolerance and acclimation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:723-734. [PMID: 33689240 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater fish are restricted by their physiology to rivers and lakes, and are generally limited in their capacity to disperse across basins. As a result, there is often a close match between the evolutionary history of river basins and their natural history. Thus, the regional landscape and ecological features, such as temperature, have shaped the evolution and adaptation of local fish assemblages. Climate change is expected to affect fish diversity and increase extinction, especially in low latitudes, and it has been suggested that species that inhabit low latitude species are more susceptible since they live close to their maximum thermal limits and have low capacity for acclimation. To understand the mechanisms of variation in thermal tolerance across a broad-scale of South American fishes is fundamental to be able to assess the vulnerability of species and habitat to global warming. Herein, we present the first attempt to analyze the vulnerability of South American freshwater fish species, based on the review of upper thermal limits of 106 species from a broad range of latitudinal habitats. Our findings show that upper thermal limits decrease with latitude, while the thermal safety margin (TSM) increase. Furthermore, the latitude has little effects on the acclimation response ratio, and the TSM decreased with rising temperatures. These data suggest that thermal phenotypic acclimation has low potential for mitigating global warming. These results indicate that South American fish species living in tropical areas are more susceptible to global warming since they are already living close to their maximum habitat temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek F Campos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Renan D Amanajás
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Vera M F Almeida-Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Brazil
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18
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Lefevre S, Wang T, McKenzie DJ. The role of mechanistic physiology in investigating impacts of global warming on fishes. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238840. [PMID: 33627469 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Warming of aquatic environments as a result of climate change is already having measurable impacts on fishes, manifested as changes in phenology, range shifts and reductions in body size. Understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying these seemingly universal patterns is crucial if we are to reliably predict the fate of fish populations with future warming. This includes an understanding of mechanisms for acute thermal tolerance, as extreme heatwaves may be a major driver of observed effects. The hypothesis of gill oxygen limitation (GOL) is claimed to explain asymptotic fish growth, and why some fish species are decreasing in size with warming; but its underlying assumptions conflict with established knowledge and direct mechanistic evidence is lacking. The hypothesis of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) has stimulated a wave of research into the role of oxygen supply capacity and thermal performance curves for aerobic scope, but results vary greatly between species, indicating that it is unlikely to be a universal mechanism. As thermal performance curves remain important for incorporating physiological tolerance into models, we discuss potentially fruitful alternatives to aerobic scope, notably specific dynamic action and growth rate. We consider the limitations of estimating acute thermal tolerance by a single rapid measure whose mechanism of action is not known. We emphasise the continued importance of experimental physiology, particularly in advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms, but also the challenge of making this knowledge relevant to the more complex reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjannie Lefevre
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David J McKenzie
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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19
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Sakurai G, Takahashi S, Yoshida Y, Yoshida H, Shoji J, Tomiyama T. Importance of experienced thermal history: Effect of acclimation temperatures on the high-temperature tolerance and growth performance of juvenile marbled flounder. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102831. [PMID: 33863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Experienced thermal history often affects the temperature tolerance of fish; however, the effect of thermal history on growth performance is unclear. To contribute to effective stocking (release of hatchery-reared juveniles in the field), we conducted four laboratory experiments using juvenile marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, around 30 mm standard length and 0.3 g body wet weight) acclimated at 12 °C and 24 °C for approximately 2 weeks to investigate the effects of acclimation temperature on high-temperature tolerance, food consumption, and growth performance. The acclimation to 24 °C increased tolerance to high temperatures, as shown in a 24-h exposure experiment and in a temperature elevation experiment. The 50% lethal temperature (upper incipient lethal temperature) was estimated to be 25.9 °C and 29.0 °C for the 12 °C and 24 °C acclimation groups, respectively. In subsequent experiments, we tested the effects of high and low temperature acclimation on the food consumption and growth performance of two size groups of juveniles (28.7 ± 2.0 and 34.5 ± 2.9 mm, mean ± SD), that were reared at temperatures ranging from 14 °C to 23 °C. The optimal temperature for growth was 20 °C and did not differ between the acclimation temperatures or between the size groups. However, food consumption and growth performance were suppressed by acute temperature changes. Specifically, feeding and growth were lower in the 24 °C-acclimated group than in the 12 °C-acclimated group when exposed to 14 °C, which is close to the natural water temperature at release in the field. These results suggest that experienced thermal history does not affect the optimal temperature but can affect the growth performance of juveniles. To maximize the post-release growth of hatchery-reared juveniles, the influence of thermal history should be taken into consideration and acute thermal changes before release should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gento Sakurai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yusei Yoshida
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Hiroshima City Fisheries Promotion Center, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 733-0833, Japan
| | - Jun Shoji
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomiyama
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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20
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Ern R, Chung D, Frieder CA, Madsen N, Speers-Roesch B. Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in crustaceans from different thermal habitats. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102732. [PMID: 33077143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) is the temperature at which animals exhibit loss of motor response because of a temperature-induced collapse of vital physiological systems. A central mechanism hypothesised to underlie the CTMAX of water-breathing ectotherms is insufficient tissue oxygen supply for vital maintenance functions because of a temperature-induced collapse of the cardiorespiratory system. The CTMAX of species conforming to this hypothesis should decrease with declining water oxygen tension (PO2) because they have oxygen-dependent upper thermal limits. However, recent studies have identified a number of fishes and crustaceans with oxygen-independent upper thermal limits, their CTMAX unchanged in progressive aquatic hypoxia. The previous studies, which were performed separately on cold-water, temperate and tropical species, suggest the oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits and the acute thermal sensitivity of the cardiorespiratory system increases with decreasing habitat temperature. Here we directly test this hypothesis by assessing the oxygen-dependence of CTMAX in the polar Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), as well as the temperate Baltic prawn (Palaemon adspersus) and brown shrimp (Crangon crangon). We found that P. adspersus and C. crangon maintain CTMAX in progressive hypoxia down to 40 mmHg, and that only E. superba have oxygen-dependent upper thermal limits at normoxia. In E. superba, the observed decline in CTMAX with water PO2 is further supported by heart-rate measurements showing a plateauing, and subsequent decline and collapse of heart performance at CTMAX. Our results support the hypothesis that the oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in water-breathing ectotherms and the acute thermal sensitivity of their cardiorespiratory system increases with decreasing habitat temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ern
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Denmark.
| | - Dillon Chung
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Christina A Frieder
- University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, United States
| | - Niels Madsen
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Denmark
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Department of Biological Sciences, Canada
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21
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Pinek L, Mansour I, Lakovic M, Ryo M, Rillig MC. Rate of environmental change across scales in ecology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1798-1811. [PMID: 32761787 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rate of change (RoC) of environmental drivers matters: biotic and abiotic components respond differently when faced with a fast or slow change in their environment. This phenomenon occurs across spatial scales and thus levels of ecological organization. We investigated the RoC of environmental drivers in the ecological literature and examined publication trends across ecological levels, including prevalent types of evidence and drivers. Research interest in environmental driver RoC has increased over time (particularly in the last decade), however, the amount of research and type of studies were not equally distributed across levels of organization and different subfields of ecology use temporal terminology (e.g. 'abrupt' and 'gradual') differently, making it difficult to compare studies. At the level of individual organisms, evidence indicates that responses and underlying mechanisms are different when environmental driver treatments are applied at different rates, thus we propose including a time dimension into reaction norms. There is much less experimental evidence at higher levels of ecological organization (i.e. population, community, ecosystem), although theoretical work at the population level indicates the importance of RoC for evolutionary responses. We identified very few studies at the community and ecosystem levels, although existing evidence indicates that driver RoC is important at these scales and potentially could be particularly important for some processes, such as community stability and cascade effects. We recommend shifting from a categorical (e.g. abrupt versus gradual) to a quantitative and continuous (e.g. °C/h) RoC framework and explicit reporting of RoC parameters, including magnitude, duration and start and end points to ease cross-scale synthesis and alleviate ambiguity. Understanding how driver RoC affects individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems, and furthermore how these effects can feed back between levels is critical to making improved predictions about ecological responses to global change drivers. The application of a unified quantitative RoC framework for ecological studies investigating environmental driver RoC will both allow cross-scale synthesis to be accomplished more easily and has the potential for the generation of novel hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pinek
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - India Mansour
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milica Lakovic
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Illing B, Downie A, Beghin M, Rummer J. Critical thermal maxima of early life stages of three tropical fishes: Effects of rearing temperature and experimental heating rate. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Leung JYS, Russell BD, Connell SD. Linking energy budget to physiological adaptation: How a calcifying gastropod adjusts or succumbs to ocean acidification and warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136939. [PMID: 32014772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accelerating CO2 emissions have driven physico-chemical changes in the world's oceans, such as ocean acidification and warming. How marine organisms adjust or succumb to such environmental changes may be determined by their ability to balance energy intake against expenditure (i.e. energy budget) as energy supports physiological functions, including those with adaptive value. Here, we examined whether energy budget is a driver of physiological adaptability of marine calcifiers to the near-future ocean acidification and warming; i.e. how physiological energetics (respiration rate, feeding rate, energy assimilation and energy budget) relates to adjustments in shell growth and shell properties of a calcifying gastropod (Austrocochlea concamerata). We found that ocean warming boosted the energy budget of gastropods due to increased feeding rate, resulting in faster shell growth and greater shell strength (i.e. more mechanically resilient). When combined with ocean acidification, however, the gastropods had a substantial decrease in energy budget due to reduced feeding rate and energy assimilation, leading to the reduction in shell growth and shell strength. By linking energy budget to the adjustability of shell building, we revealed that energy availability can be critical to determine the physiological adaptability of marine calcifiers to the changing oceanic climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bayden D Russell
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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24
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Kovacevic A, Latombe G, Chown SL. Rate dynamics of ectotherm responses to thermal stress. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190174. [PMID: 31039720 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical thermal limits (CTLs) show much variation associated with the experimental rate of temperature change used in their estimation. Understanding the full range of variation in rate effects on CTLs and their underlying basis is thus essential if methodological noise is not to overwhelm or bias the ecological signal. We consider the effects of rate variation from multiple intraspecific assessments and provide a comprehensive empirical analysis of the rate effects on both the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and critical thermal minimum (CTmin) for 47 species of ectotherms, exploring which of the available theoretical models best explains this variation. We find substantial interspecific variation in rate effects, which takes four different forms (increase, decline, no change, mixed), with phylogenetic signal in effects on CTmax, but not CTmin. Exponential and zero exponential failure rate models best explain the rate effects on CTmax. The majority of the empirical rate variation in CTmin could not be explained by the failure rate models. Our work demonstrates that rate effects cannot be ignored in comparative analyses, and suggests that incorporation of the failure rate models into such analyses is a useful further avenue for exploration of the fundamental basis and implications of such variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kovacevic
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Guillaume Latombe
- 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7602 , South Africa
| | - Steven L Chown
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria 3800 , Australia
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25
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Bates A, Morley S. Interpreting empirical estimates of experimentally derived physiological and biological thermal limits in ectotherms. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whole-organism function is underpinned by physiological and biological processes, which respond to temperature over a range of time scales. Given that environmental temperature controls biological rates within ectotherms, different experimental protocols are needed to assess the ability of organisms to withstand extreme weather events versus gradual temperature change. Here we emphasize the importance of time in shaping ecological and evolutionary processes, and as an experimental parameter that is key when interpreting physiology studies reporting thermal limits. We discuss how acute and chronic thermal performance is underpinned by mechanisms operating at different time scales — resistance, acclimation, and adaptation. We offer definitions of common physiological and biological temperature metrics and identify challenges inherent to compiling the wealth of historical temperature limit data now available into meta-analytic frameworks. We use a case study, data across temperate fishes, to highlight that false positives may occur when differences in the thermal tolerances of species are in fact due to experimental protocols. We further illustrate that false negatives can arise if researchers fail to recognize differences in thermal limits of species emerging from macrophysiological approaches that are due to biological mechanisms. We strongly advocate for the careful design, interpretation, and reporting of experimental results to ensure that conclusions arising from data synthesis efforts are grounded in theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - S.A. Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB30ET, U.K
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26
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Upadhyay RK. Markers for Global Climate Change and Its Impact on Social, Biological and Ecological Systems: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2020.93012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Hector TE, Sgrò CM, Hall MD. Pathogen exposure disrupts an organism's ability to cope with thermal stress. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3893-3905. [PMID: 31148326 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a result of global climate change, species are experiencing an escalation in the severity and regularity of extreme thermal events. With patterns of disease distribution and transmission predicted to undergo considerable shifts in the coming years, the interplay between temperature and pathogen exposure will likely determine the capacity of a population to persist under the dual threat of global change and infectious disease. In this study, we investigated how exposure to a pathogen affects an individual's ability to cope with extreme temperatures. Using experimental infections of Daphnia magna with its obligate bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa, we measured upper thermal limits of multiple host and pathogen genotype combinations across the dynamic process of infection and under various forms (static and ramping) of thermal stress. We find that pathogens substantially limit the thermal tolerance of their host, with the reduction in upper thermal limits on par with the breadth of variation seen across similar species entire geographical ranges. The precise magnitude of any reduction, however, was specific to the host and pathogen genotype combination. In addition, as thermal ramping rate slowed, upper thermal limits of both healthy and infected individuals were reduced. Our results suggest that the capacity of a population to evolve new thermal limits, when also faced with the threat of infection, will depend not only on a host's genetic variability in warmer environments, but also on the frequency of host and pathogen genotypes. We suggest that pathogen-induced alterations of host thermal performance should be taken into account when assessing the resilience of any population and its potential for adaptation to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E Hector
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Spinks RK, Munday PL, Donelson JM. Developmental effects of heatwave conditions on the early life stages of a coral reef fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/16/jeb202713. [PMID: 31444281 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.202713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves, which are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity owing to climate change, are an imminent threat to marine ecosystems. On coral reefs, heatwave conditions often coincide with periods of peak recruitment of juvenile fishes and exposure to elevated temperature may affect their development. However, whether differences in the duration of high temperature exposure have effects on individual performance is unknown. We exposed juvenile spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, to increasing lengths of time (3, 7, 30 and 108 days post-hatching) of elevated temperature (+2°C). After 108 days, we measured escape performance at present-day control and elevated temperatures, standard length, mass and critical thermal maximum. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that 30 days or more exposure to +2°C leads to improved escape performance, irrespective of performance temperature, possibly owing to developmental effects of high temperature on muscle development and/or anaerobic metabolism. Continued exposure to elevated temperature for 108 days caused a reduction in body size compared with the control, but not in fish exposed to high temperature for 30 days or less. By contrast, exposure to elevated temperatures for any length of time had no effect on critical thermal maximum, which, combined with previous work, suggests a short-term physiological constraint of ∼37°C in this species. Our study shows that extended exposure to increased temperature can affect the development of juvenile fishes, with potential immediate and future consequences for individual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook Drive, Douglas 4814, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook Drive, Douglas 4814, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook Drive, Douglas 4814, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
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29
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Bard B, Kieffer JD. The effects of repeat acute thermal stress on the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and physiology of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818) is a species of special concern in Canada, but little is known about their thermal biology. Information on the upper thermal tolerance of shortnose sturgeon becomes valuable for predicting future survival particularly with climate change and improving species management. Using a modified critical thermal maximum (CTmax) methodology, the objective is to determine whether previous thermal stress affects the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when exposed to a second thermal stress event. Prior exposure to thermal stress (CTmax1) did not affect the thermal tolerance (CTmax2) of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when a 24 h recovery period was allotted between tests. However, a significant increase in thermal tolerance occurred when the recovery time between the two thermal challenges was 1 h. Plasma glucose, lactate, and osmolality were all significantly affected by thermal stress, but values returned to control levels within 24 h. Hematocrit and plasma chloride concentrations were not significantly affected by thermal stress. All fish survived the CTmax testing. The data indicate that the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon is modified when multiple thermal stresses occur closer together (1 h) but not if separated by a longer time period (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Bard
- Department of Biological Sciences and MADSAM Eco-Physiology Lab, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences and MADSAM Eco-Physiology Lab, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - James D. Kieffer
- Department of Biological Sciences and MADSAM Eco-Physiology Lab, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
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30
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Agudelo-Cantero GA, Navas CA. Interactive effects of experimental heating rates, ontogeny and body mass on the upper thermal limits of anuran larvae. J Therm Biol 2019; 82:43-51. [PMID: 31128658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological and methodological factors influence the upper thermal limits (UTL) of ectothermic animals, but most factors have been studied independently. Few studies have integrated variables, so our understanding about sources of UTL variation remains fragmentary. Thereby, we investigated synergic effects of experimental protocols (heating rates, ΔTs) and biological factors (ontogeny and body mass) on the UTL on the larvae of two anuran species (Physalaemus nattereri and Boana pardalis), specifically their Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax). The species displayed slightly different responses to ΔTs: In B. pardalis tadpoles both average and variance of CTmax increased at a fastest ΔT, the same response happened in P. nattereri tadpoles at slow and moderate ΔTs. Also, the CTmax of P. nattereri declined at the end of metamorphosis independently of ΔT, but tadpoles at all developmental stages still displayed higher heat tolerance at the slow ΔT. Finally, we detected small, synergic effects of body mass and ΔTs on the CTmax of both species. In small B. pardalis tadpoles and premetamorphic P. nattereri tadpoles, body mass had a positive effect on CTmax, but only at slow and moderate ΔTs, probably indicating physiological responses. A similar trend was observed in large B. pardalis tadpoles at the fast ΔT, but this result is likely to be influenced by thermal inertia. Our findings contribute to integrate the understanding of factors influencing UTL in small ectothermic animals. This understanding is critical to discuss the physiological component of vulnerability to climate change that is related to acute temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Agudelo-Cantero
- Graduate School Program in General Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 101, Travessa 14, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Navas
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 101, Travessa 14, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Ravaux J, Léger N, Hamel G, Shillito B. Assessing a species thermal tolerance through a multiparameter approach: the case study of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:647-659. [PMID: 31073901 PMCID: PMC6527734 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing species thermal tolerance requires identification of their thermal strategies and evaluation of their ability to cope with temperature fluctuations. The mobilization of the molecular heat stress response (HSR), which is a proxy for the thermal tolerance, would be part of the strategy of species colonizing highly variable thermal environments. We here investigate multiple parameters of the HSR in the deep-sea vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata that colonizes such environments. The set points of the HSR induction, compared to those of the coastal species Palaemonetes varians, clearly reflect a high thermotolerance in this species, while the HSR is proved to be rarely mobilized in the R. exoculata natural populations. Finally, the compilation of multiple parameters such as the upper thermal limit and several thresholds of the HSR, as well as thermal behavior observations, allows us to provide a more accurate picture of the combination and complementarity of strategies that can account for the overall thermal tolerance of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ravaux
- BOREA Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 7208 MNHN CNRS SU UA UCN IRD 207, Equipe Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes, Sorbonne Université, Bât. A, 4e étage, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nelly Léger
- BOREA Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 7208 MNHN CNRS SU UA UCN IRD 207, Equipe Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes, Sorbonne Université, Bât. A, 4e étage, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Hamel
- IMPMC Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS SU 7590, Sorbonne Université, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruce Shillito
- BOREA Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 7208 MNHN CNRS SU UA UCN IRD 207, Equipe Adaptation aux Milieux Extrêmes, Sorbonne Université, Bât. A, 4e étage, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
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32
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Present and future invasion perspectives of an alien shrimp in South Atlantic coastal waters: an experimental assessment of functional biomarkers and thermal tolerance. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Kühnhold H, Steinmann N, Huang YH, Indriana L, Meyer A, Kunzmann A. Temperature-induced aerobic scope and Hsp70 expression in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214373. [PMID: 30901348 PMCID: PMC6430385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aerobic Scope (AS), which reflects the functional capacity for biological fitness, is a highly relevant proxy to determine thermal tolerance in various taxa. Despite the importance of this method, its implementation is often hindered, due to lacking techniques to accurately measure standard- (SMR) and maximal- (MMR) metabolic rates, especially in sluggish marine invertebrates with low oxygen consumption rates, such as sea cucumbers. In this study the AS concept was modified to define a Temperature-induced Aerobic Scope (TAS), based on metabolic rate changes due to temperature adjustments rather than traditionally used physical activity patterns. Consequentially, temperature dependent peak and bottom O2 consumption rates, defined as Temperature-induced Maximal- (TMMR) and Standard Metabolic Rates (TSMR), respectively, served as MMR and SMR alternatives for the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. TMMR and TSMR were induced through acute temperature change (2°C per hour; 17–41°C) until critical warm (WTcrit) and cold (CTcrit) temperatures were reached, respectively. In addition, Hsp70 gene expression linked to respiration rates served as synergistic markers to confirm critical threshold temperatures. O2 consumption of H. scabra peaked distinctly at WTcrit of 38°C (TMMR = 33.2 ± 4.7 μgO2 g-1 h-1). A clear metabolic bottom line was reached at CTcrit of 22°C (TSMR = 2.2 ± 1.4 μgO2 g-1 h-1). Within the thermal window of 22–38°C H. scabra sustained positive aerobic capacity, with assumed optimal performance range between 29–31.5°C (13.85–18.7 μgO2 g-1 h-1). Between 39–41°C H. scabra decreased respiration progressively, while gene expression levels of Hsp70 increased significantly at 41°C, indicating prioritization of heat shock response (HSR) and homeostatic disruption. At the cold end (17–22°C) homeostatic disruption was visible through incrementally increasing energetic expenses to fuel basal maintenance costs, but no Hsp70 overexpression occurred. TMMR, TSMR and TAS proved to be reliable metrics, similar to the traditional energetic key parameters MMR, SMR and AS, to determine a specific aerobic performance window for the sluggish bottom dwelling species H. scabra. In addition, the linkage between respiration physiology and molecular defense mechanisms showed valuable analytical synergies in terms of mechanistic prioritization as response to thermal stress. Overall, this study will help to define lethal temperatures for aquaculture and to predict the effects of environmental stress, such as ocean warming, in H. scabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kühnhold
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuri Steinmann
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Lisa Indriana
- Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Lombok, Indonesia
| | - Achim Meyer
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
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34
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Madeira C, Mendonça V, Leal MC, Flores AAV, Cabral HN, Diniz MS, Vinagre C. Environmental health assessment of warming coastal ecosystems in the tropics - Application of integrative physiological indices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:28-39. [PMID: 29935361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
According to climate science, ocean warming is one of the current and future greatest threats to coastal ecosystems. Projection scenarios for the end of this century show that tropical intertidal ecosystems are particularly at risk. In this study we optimized and tested a holistic method for bio-monitoring present and projected thermal pressure in such ecosystems, in order to assess organism vulnerability to ocean warming. Several species representative of different animal groups (fish, crustaceans and gastropods) were collected from the field and subjected to an experimental trial for 28 days, testing two temperatures: control (present seawater summer temperature) and elevated temperature (+3 °C, projected seawater temperature anomaly for 2100). Muscle samples were collected weekly to quantify several biomarkers of: i) macromolecular damage (protein unfolding and denaturation, and lipid peroxidation), ii) reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers (antioxidant enzymes), and iii) body condition (energy reserves and body mass). These biomarkers were combined in integrated biomarker response (IBR) indices, either in three separate stress response categories (as previously defined) or in a unique combined analysis of overall physiological performance. Both approaches suggest that temperature affected IBRs, with increasing temperatures significantly impairing the overall health of individuals. Biomarkers of lower levels of biological organization indicated deleterious effects of temperature, whereas biomarkers of higher levels suggested maintenance of performance after chronic exposure. Overall indices combining the estimates of biomarkers across levels of biological organization are essential to predict the vulnerability of species, or populations, to climate warming. Such indices may assist managers and stakeholders in the establishment of monitoring programs and environmental policies toward the conservation of fragile coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel C Leal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Augusto A V Flores
- Cebimar - Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade De São Paulo, Rod. Manoel Hipólito do Rego, Km 131.5, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique N Cabral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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35
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The effect of water temperature on muscle cellularity and gill tissue of larval and juvenile Lophiosilurus alexandri, a Neotropical freshwater fish. J Therm Biol 2018; 76:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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de Oliveira MS, Lopes KAR, Leite PMSCM, Morais FV, de Campos Velho NMR. Physiological evaluation of the behavior and epidermis of freshwater planarians ( Girardia tigrina and Girardia sp.) exposed to stressors. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio029595. [PMID: 29871871 PMCID: PMC6031348 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Planarians are metazoan freshwater flatworms which are free-living organisms. Their body has pluripotent stem cell promoters of tissue regeneration capacity. The water temperature and the potential of hydrogen (pH) of lentic ecosystems are important factors involved in the distribution and abundance of these animals. Although the pH factor is directly related to the physiology and behavior of planarians, their adaptive and regenerating capacities still remain unknown. The Critical Thermal Maximum (CTM) is a very widespread method used in the evaluation of thermal tolerance. In this study, Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) and Girardia sp., a species found in Brazil, which is under study as a new species, had their epidermis assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze their physiological structures before and after exposure to different stressors. SEM was used as a method to evaluate the planarians' epidermis as a result of the increasing temperature (CTM) and pH alterations, the latter with the use of a new methodology defined as Critical Hydrogen ion concentration Maximum (CHM). In increasing temperatures from 20°C to 37°C, both Girardia tigrina and Girardia sp. proved to be adaptable to thermal stress. Girardia sp. was shown to be more resistant to higher temperatures. However, Girardia tigrina was more resistant to extreme pH conditions (4.0 to 10.0). SEM analysis showed morphological differences among planarian species, such as the arrangement of the structures and cell types of the dorsal epidermis. Moreover, planarians demonstrated the ability to change the surrounding pH of their external environment in order to maintain the function of their physiological mechanisms, suggesting that these animals have a complex survival system, possibly related to protonephridia, flame cells and excretory pores.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Salgado de Oliveira
- Planarian Laboratory, Nature Research Center, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Karla Andressa Ruiz Lopes
- Planarian Laboratory, Nature Research Center, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Villaça Morais
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Fungi, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Nádia Maria Rodrigues de Campos Velho
- Planarian Laboratory, Nature Research Center, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
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Azra MN, Chen JC, Ikhwanuddin M, Abol-Munafi AB. Thermal tolerance and locomotor activity of blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus instar reared at different temperatures. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:234-240. [PMID: 29801633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its potential market value, the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus is of great economic importance. The temperature of water significantly affects the physiological function and production efficiency of these crabs. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the critical thermal minimum (CTMin), critical thermal maximum (CTMax), acclimation response ratio (ARR), escaping temperature (Tesc), and locomotor behavior of P. pelagicus instars at 20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, 32 °C, and 36 °C. The CTMax ranged from 39.05 °C to 44.38 °C, while the CTMin ranged from 13.05 °C to 19.30 °C, and both increased directly with temperature. The ARR ranged from 0.25 to 0.51. The movement of crabs (walking before molting) correlated positively with the acclimation temperature. These results indicate that the parameters evaluated varied with temperature. Furthermore, the high CTMax indicates the potential of this species to adapt to a wide range of temperatures. In addition, the implications of these findings for portunid crabs behavior and distribution in their natural habitat are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad N Azra
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Vinagre C, Mendonça V, Cereja R, Abreu-Afonso F, Dias M, Mizrahi D, Flores AAV. Ecological traps in shallow coastal waters-Potential effect of heat-waves in tropical and temperate organisms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192700. [PMID: 29420657 PMCID: PMC5805332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality of fish has been reported in tide pools during warm days. That means that tide pools are potential ecological traps for coastal organisms, which happen when environmental changes cause maladaptive habitat selection. Heat-waves are predicted to increase in intensity, duration and frequency, making it relevant to investigate the role of tide pools as traps for coastal organisms. However, heat waves can also lead to acclimatization. If organisms undergo acclimatization prior to being trapped in tide pools, their survival chances may increase. Common tide pool species (46 species in total) were collected at a tropical and a temperate area and their upper thermal limits estimated. They were maintained for 10 days at their mean summer sea surface temperature +3°C, mimicking a heat-wave. Their upper thermal limits were estimated again, after this acclimation period, to calculate each species’ acclimation response. The upper thermal limits of the organisms were compared to the temperatures attained by tide pool waters to investigate if 1) tide pools could be considered ecological traps and 2) if the increase in upper thermal limits elicited by the acclimation period could make the organisms less vulnerable to this threat. Tropical tide pools were found to be ecological traps for an important number of common coastal species, given that they can attain temperatures higher than the upper thermal limits of most of those species. Tide pools are not ecological traps in temperate zones. Tropical species have higher thermal limits than temperate species, but lower acclimation response, that does not allow them to survive the maximum habitat temperature of tropical tide pools. This way, tropical coastal organisms seem to be, not only more vulnerable to climate warming per se, but also to an increase in the ecological trap effect of tide pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Vinagre
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Cereja
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisca Abreu-Afonso
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Dias
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Damián Mizrahi
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rod. Manoel Hipólito do Rego, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto A. V. Flores
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rod. Manoel Hipólito do Rego, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
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Yang S, Yan T, Zhao L, Wu H, Du Z, Yan T, Xiao Q. Effects of temperature on activities of antioxidant enzymes and Na+/K+-ATPase, and hormone levels in Schizothorax prenanti. J Therm Biol 2018; 72:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Campos D, Val A, Almeida-Val V. The influence of lifestyle and swimming behavior on metabolic rate and thermal tolerance of twelve Amazon forest stream fish species. J Therm Biol 2018; 72:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Moyano M, Candebat C, Ruhbaum Y, Álvarez-Fernández S, Claireaux G, Zambonino-Infante JL, Peck MA. Effects of warming rate, acclimation temperature and ontogeny on the critical thermal maximum of temperate marine fish larvae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179928. [PMID: 28749960 PMCID: PMC5531428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the thermal tolerance studies on fish have been performed on juveniles and adults, whereas limited information is available for larvae, a stage which may have a particularly narrow range in tolerable temperatures. Moreover, previous studies on thermal limits for marine and freshwater fish larvae (53 studies reviewed here) applied a wide range of methodologies (e.g. the static or dynamic method, different exposure times), making it challenging to compare across taxa. We measured the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax) of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae using the dynamic method (ramping assay) and assessed the effect of warming rate (0.5 to 9°C h-1) and acclimation temperature. The larvae of herring had a lower CTmax (lowest and highest values among 222 individual larvae, 13.1–27.0°C) than seabass (lowest and highest values among 90 individual larvae, 24.2–34.3°C). At faster rates of warming, larval CTmax significantly increased in herring, whereas no effect was observed in seabass. Higher acclimation temperatures led to higher CTmax in herring larvae (2.7 ± 0.9°C increase) with increases more pronounced at lower warming rates. Pre-trials testing the effects of warming rate are recommended. Our results for these two temperate marine fishes suggest using a warming rate of 3–6°C h-1: CTmax is highest in trials of relatively short duration, as has been suggested for larger fish. Additionally, time-dependent thermal tolerance was observed in herring larvae, where a difference of up to 8°C was observed in the upper thermal limit between a 0.5- or 24-h exposure to temperatures >18°C. The present study constitutes a first step towards a standard protocol for measuring thermal tolerance in larval fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moyano
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Caroline Candebat
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Ruhbaum
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Santiago Álvarez-Fernández
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
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Hot or not? Comparative behavioral thermoregulation, critical temperature regimes, and thermal tolerances of the invasive lionfish Pterois sp. versus native western North Atlantic reef fishes. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lah RA, Benkendorff K, Bucher D. Thermal tolerance and preference of exploited turbinid snails near their range limit in a global warming hotspot. J Therm Biol 2017; 64:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Madeira C, Madeira D, Diniz MS, Cabral HN, Vinagre C. Comparing biomarker responses during thermal acclimation: A lethal vs non-lethal approach in a tropical reef clownfish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 204:104-112. [PMID: 27894882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of thermal stress biology for most tropical fish species in reef ecosystems under climate change is still quite limited. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the time-course changes of thermal stress biomarkers in the commercially exploited coral reef fish Amphiprion ocellaris, during a laboratory simulated event of increased temperature. Heat shock protein 70kDa (Hsp70) and total ubiquitin (Ub) were determined in the muscle (lethal method) and in the fin (non-lethal alternative method) under two temperature treatments (control - 26°C and elevated temperature - 30°C) throughout one month with weekly samplings. Results suggest that biomarker basal levels are tissue-specific and influence the degree of response under temperature exposure. Responses were highly inducible in the muscle but not in fin tissue, indicating that the latter is not reliable for monitoring purposes. Thermal stress was observed in the muscle after one week of exposure (both biomarkers increased significantly) and Ub levels then decreased, suggesting the animals were able to acclimate by maintaining high levels of Hsp70 and through an effective protein turnover. In addition, the results show that mortality rates did not differ between treatments. This indicates that A. ocellaris is capable of displaying a plastic response to elevated temperature by adjusting the protein quality control system to protect cell functions, without decreasing survival. Thus, this coral reef fish species presents a significant acclimation potential under ocean warming scenarios of +4°C. Monitoring of thermal stress through a non-lethal method, fin-clipping, although desirable proved to be inadequate for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Henrique N Cabral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Farrell AP. Pragmatic perspective on aerobic scope: peaking, plummeting, pejus and apportioning. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:322-343. [PMID: 26592201 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for fish biologists in the 21st century is to predict the biotic effects of global climate change. With marked changes in biogeographic distribution already in evidence for a variety of aquatic animals, mechanistic explanations for these shifts are being sought, ones that then can be used as a foundation for predictive models of future climatic scenarios. One mechanistic explanation for the thermal performance of fishes that has gained some traction is the oxygen and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis, which suggests that an aquatic organism's capacity to supply oxygen to tissues becomes limited when body temperature reaches extremes. Central to this hypothesis is an optimum temperature for absolute aerobic scope (AAS, loosely defined as the capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues beyond a basic need). On either side of this peak for AAS are pejus temperatures that define when AAS falls off and thereby reduces an animal's absolute capacity for activity. This article provides a brief perspective on the potential uses and limitations of some of the key physiological indicators related to aerobic scope in fishes. The intent is that practitioners who attempt predictive ecological applications can better recognize limitations and make better use of the OCLTT hypothesis and its underlying physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and The Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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46
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Turriago J, Parra C, Bernal M. Upper thermal tolerance in anuran embryos and tadpoles at constant and variable peak temperatures. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anuran survival is strongly affected by exposure to high environmental temperatures. However, their upper thermal tolerances vary between species and within developmental stages. The aims of this research were to measure the median lethal temperature (LT50) of three anuran developmental stages (Gosner stages 10, 20, and 25) at a constant thermal regime, and of developing embryos (stage 10) until they became tadpoles (stage 25) exposed to daily peaks of temperatures between 1000 and 1600. Four Colombian species (Emerald-eyed Treefrog, Hypsiboas crepitans (Wied-Neuwied, 1824); Tungara Frog, Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864); Rivero’s Toad, Rhinella humboldti (Gallardo, 1965); Emerald Glassfrog, Espadarana prosoblepon (Boettger, 1892)) were used in these experiments. An ontogenetic increase was observed in the upper thermal tolerance from embryos to tadpoles for all species studied. In addition, developing embryos exposed to peak temperatures showed a LT50 fairly close to the mean of the maximum habitat temperatures, particularly in H. crepitans and E. pustulosus that lay egg masses exposed directly to the sun. Environmental temperatures in the microhabitat of species studied showed values remarkably higher than their experimental LT50. Therefore, we postulate that rapid increases in environmental temperatures, as result of global or local changes, might be a critical factor for anuran survival, mainly during the embryonic stages when they are more sensitive to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Turriago
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - C.A. Parra
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - M.H. Bernal
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia
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