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Niu Z, Pu P, Zhang T, Jia L, Li X, Wang H, Ma M, Tang X, Chen Q. Effects of warming at embryonic and larval stages on tadpole fitness in high-altitude Rana kukunoris. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103895. [PMID: 38996476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Global warming may affect the early developmental stages of high-altitude amphibians, thereby influencing their later fitness. Yet, this has been largely unexplored. To investigate whether and how the temperatures experienced by embryonic and larval stages affect their fitness at later developmental stages, we designed two experiments in which the embryos and larvae were treated with three temperatures (24, 18 and 12 °C), respectively. Then, the life history traits of the tadpoles during the metamorphotic climax in all treatments were evaluated, including growth rate, survival rate, morphology, thermal physiology, swimming performance, standard metabolic rate (SMR), oxidative and antioxidative system, and metabolic enzyme activities. The results revealed that elevated temperature accelerated metamorphosis but decreased body size at metamorphosis. Additionally, warming during the embryonic and larval stages decreased the thermal tolerance range and induced increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, high embryonic temperature significantly decreased the hatching success, but had no significant effect on swimming performance and SMR. Warming during larval periods was harmful to the survival and swimming performance of tadpoles. The effect size analysis revealed that the negative impacts of embryonic temperature on certain physiological traits, such as growth and development, survival and swimming performance, were more pronounced than those of larval temperature. Our results highlight the necessity for particular attention to be paid to the early stages of amphibians, notably the embryonic stages when evaluating the impact of global warming on their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Niu
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Peng Pu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Lun Jia
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Miaojun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
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Downie AT, Wu NC, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Sublethal consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure on vertebrates: Synthesis through meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6620-6634. [PMID: 37366045 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is a natural daytime stressor for vertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. UVR effects on the physiology of vertebrates manifest at the cellular level, but have bottom-up effects at the tissue level and on whole-animal performance and behaviours. Climate change and habitat loss (i.e. loss of shelter from UVR) could interact with and exacerbate the genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of UVR on vertebrates. Therefore, it is important to understand the range and magnitude of effects that UVR can have on a diversity of physiological metrics, and how these may be shaped by taxa, life stage or geographical range in the major vertebrate groups. Using a meta-analytical approach, we used 895 observations from 47 different vertebrate species (fish, amphibian, reptile and bird), and 51 physiological metrics (i.e. cellular, tissue and whole-animal metrics), across 73 independent studies, to elucidate the general patterns of UVR effects on vertebrate physiology. We found that while UVR's impacts on vertebrates are generally negative, fish and amphibians were the most susceptible taxa, adult and larvae were the most susceptible life stages, and animals inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes were the most susceptible to UVR stress. This information is critical to further our understanding of the adaptive capacity of vulnerable taxon to UVR stress, and the wide-spread sublethal physiological effects of UVR on vertebrates, such as DNA damage and cellular stress, which may translate up to impaired growth and locomotor performance. These impairments to individual fitness highlighted by our study may potentially cause disruptions at the ecosystem scale, especially if the effects of this pervasive diurnal stressor are exacerbated by climate change and reduced refuge due to habitat loss and degradation. Therefore, conservation of habitats that provide refuge to UVR stress will be critical to mitigate stress from this pervasive daytime stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Downie
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Rais M, Nawaz MA, Gray RJ, Qadir W, Ali SM, Saeed M, Akram A, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Leston L. Niche suitability and spatial distribution patterns of anurans in a unique Ecoregion mosaic of Northern Pakistan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285867. [PMID: 37319174 PMCID: PMC10270595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of information regarding biodiversity status hampers designing and implementing conservation strategies and achieving future targets. Northern Pakistan consists of a unique ecoregion mosaic which supports a myriad of environmental niches for anuran diversity in comparison to the deserts and xeric shrublands throughout the rest of the country. In order to study the niche suitability, species overlap and distribution patterns in Pakistan, we collected observational data for nine anuran species across several distinct ecoregions by surveying 87 randomly selected locations from 2016 to 2018 in Rawalpindi District and Islamabad Capital Territory. Our model showed that the precipitation of the warmest and coldest quarter, distance to rivers and vegetation were the greatest drivers of anuran distribution, expectedly indicating that the presence of humid forests and proximity to waterways greatly influences the habitable range of anurans in Pakistan. Sympatric overlap between species occurred at significantly higher density in tropical and subtropical coniferous forests than in other ecoregion types. We found species such as Minervarya spp., Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and Euphlyctis spp. preferred the lowlands in proximal, central and southern parts of the study area proximal to urban settlements, with little vegetation and higher average temperatures. Duttaphrynus bengalensis and D. stomaticus had scattered distributions throughout the study area with no clear preference for elevation. Sphaerotheca pashchima was patchily distributed in the midwestern extent of the study area as well as the foothills to the north. Microhyla nilphamariensis was widely distributed throughout the study area with a preference for both lowlands and montane terrain. Endemic frogs (Nanorana vicina and Allopaa hazarensis) were observed only in locations with higher elevations, higher density of streams and lower average temperatures as compared to the other seven species sampled. It is recommended to provide legal protection to amphibians of Pakistan, especially endemic species, through revision in the existing wildlife laws. We suggest studying the effectiveness of existing amphibian tunnels and corridors or designing new ones tailored to the needs of our species to prevent their local extinction due to ongoing or proposed urban development which might affect their dispersal and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rais
- Department of Zoology, Herpetology Lab, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Nawaz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Doha, Qatar
| | - Russell J. Gray
- Science Advisor, Save Vietnam’s Wildlife, Ninh Bình, Vietnam
| | - Waqas Qadir
- Assistant Education Officer, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Maria Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Research & Planning Wildlife, Islamabad Wildlife Management Board (IWMB), Ministry of Climate Change, Islamabad, Islamabad
| | - Ayesha Akram
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Sajjad
- Occupational Health Safety and Environment, North West General Hospital and Research Centre, Hayatabad, Peshawar
| | - Lionel Leston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Akram A, Rais M, Saeed M, Ahmed W, Gill S, Haider J. Movement Paradigm for Hazara Torrent Frog Allopaahazarensis and Murree Hills Frog Nanoranavicina (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e84365. [PMID: 36761547 PMCID: PMC9848518 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e84365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic anurans are particularly vulnerable to environmental changes, and are susceptible to population declines because of their restricted distribution ranges. The Murree Hills Frog Nanoranavicina and Hazara Torrent Frog Allopaahazarensis are associated with the torrential streams and nearby clear water pools in subtropical chir pine forest and other forest types, at elevations higher than 1000 m in Pakistan. In this study, we have provided data on the extent of movement of these frog species for the first time. We installed radio transmitters on a total of 13 Murree Hills Frogs and 13 Hazara Torrent Frogs during eight consecutive days in September 2017 and 2018. Our results showed that these frogs did not move long distances along the stream or away from the stream into the forest. All the radio-tracked frogs showed movement of < 3 m. We found a significant differences only in the distance moved by Murree Hills Frogs between the two years studied. Based on our findings, we propose a movement paradigm that focuses on conservation implications for these endemic frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Akram
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan, Rawalpindi, PakistanHerpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Muhammad Rais
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, PakistanPMAS Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan, Rawalpindi, PakistanHerpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Waseem Ahmed
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan, Rawalpindi, PakistanHerpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Sumbul Gill
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan, Rawalpindi, PakistanHerpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Jibran Haider
- Gilgit-Baltistan Forest, Wildlife and Environment Department, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan, Gilgit, PakistanGilgit-Baltistan Forest, Wildlife and Environment Department, Gilgit 15100, PakistanGilgitPakistan
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Saeed M, Rais M, Akram A, Williams MR, Kellner KF, Hashsham SA, Davis DR. Development and validation of an eDNA protocol for monitoring endemic Asian spiny frogs in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5624. [PMID: 35379841 PMCID: PMC8979970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife monitoring programs are instrumental for the assessment of species, habitat status, and for the management of factors affecting them. This is particularly important for species found in freshwater ecosystems, such as amphibians, as they have higher estimated extinction rates than terrestrial species. We developed and validated two species-specific environmental DNA (eDNA) protocols and applied them in the field to detect the Hazara Torrent Frog (Allopaa hazarensis) and Murree Hills Frog (Nanorana vicina). Additionally, we compared eDNA surveys with visual encounter surveys and estimated site occupancy. eDNA surveys resulted in higher occurrence probabilities for both A. hazarensis and N. vicina than for visual encounter surveys. Detection probability using eDNA was greater for both species, particularly for A. hazarensis. The top-ranked detection model for visual encounter surveys included effects of both year and temperature on both species, and the top-ranked occupancy model included effects of elevation and year. The top-ranked detection model for eDNA data was the null model, and the top-ranked occupancy model included effects of elevation, year, and wetland type. To our knowledge, this is the first time an eDNA survey has been used to monitor amphibian species in the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Muhammad Rais
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Akram
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Maggie R Williams
- School of Engineering and Technology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth F Kellner
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Drew R Davis
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.,Biodiversity Collections, Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Saeed M, Rais M, Ali SM, Khosa DN, Akram A, Ahmed W, Gill S. Lab protocol for investigating impacts of climate change on frogs. MethodsX 2022; 9:101767. [PMID: 35813163 PMCID: PMC9256650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46000
- Corresponding author.
| | - Muhammad Rais
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46000
| | - Syeda Maria Ali
- Assistant Professor, Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000
| | | | - Ayesha Akram
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46000
| | - Waseem Ahmed
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46000
| | - Sumbul Gill
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46000
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The lethal heat dose for 50% primary human fibroblast cell death is 48 °C. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:809-814. [PMID: 33774732 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of heat on skin cells is important for the prevention of burn injury. Knowledge of the heat dose required to kill cells can be used to study the cellular mechanisms involved in thermal injury cell death, to assist with the development of novel burn treatments. In this study, primary human skin dermal fibroblasts were exposed to temperatures from 37 to 54 °C for 1 h and the relative cell viability of heat-treated and control cells was assessed. Cell damage and viability were assessed by light microscopy, MTT assay and live/dead staining. The LD50 for 1 h of heat exposure was 48 °C for primary fibroblasts; and there was evidence that thermal damage to cells begins to occur at 43 °C. This study presents a reproducible method for examining the effect of heat on primary human cells grown in culture on a cellular level and can be used in the future to study the mechanisms behind heat-induced cell death, to inform burn injury prevention efforts and effective post-burn treatment.
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