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El Sayed R, El Darsa H. Therapeutic Modalities in Small Cell Lung Cancer: a paradigm shift after decades of quiescence. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:583-597. [PMID: 35176957 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2042515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known to be the most aggressive of all thoracic malignancies, notoriously known for its very poor prognosis. Platinum based chemotherapy has been the standard of care for decades. Despite years of research, no treatment novelties with significant impact on survival have been achieved until recently. The last few years have witnessed light at the end of the tunnel with immunotherapy proving to improve survival. Nevertheless, responses were not homogeneous in all subgroups, and finding who would best benefit from treatment remains unanswered. Multiple limitations exist, and the quest for optimal biomarkers seemed unfruitful until the discovery of different SCLC phenotypes. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors briefly discuss SCLC phenotypes and biomarker assays. Then, the authors continue with the main trials of SCLC treatment using chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted treatment in the front-line or subsequent line settings. EXPERT OPINION Research has been extensively implemented to better understand the biology of SCLC, and test for the optimal use of immunotherapy in patients with SCLC, as well as to enhance responses via possible combinations. Targeted mechanisms of action have also been attempted; yet no solid proof of efficacy has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola El Sayed
- Centre Hospitalier de l' Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Ca
| | - Haidar El Darsa
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Ca
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2
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Immunotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092522. [PMID: 32899891 PMCID: PMC7565004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of lung cancers and it has limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. There has been no real progress for over 30 years in the treatment of this aggressive tumor type and platinum based chemotherapy represented the cornerstone of therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the first agents in the last decades to determine an improvement in outcomes of patients with extensive stage (ES) SCLC patients. In the IMpower 133 and CASPIAN studies, the addition of atezolizumab or durvalumab, respectively, to first-line chemotherapy produced a significant improvement in overall survival with an acceptable safety profile in previously untreated patients with ES-SCLC, leading to a new standard of care. This review summarizes the main results observed with checkpoint inhibitors in SCLC, discussing the critical issues related to the use of novel checkpoint inhibitors and the future research with immunotherapy agents in SCLC. Abstract Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor type with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy regimens containing platinum represent the cornerstone of treatment for patients with extensive disease, but there has been no real progress for 30 years. The evidence that SCLC is characterized by a high mutational burden led to the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Randomized phase III trials demonstrated that the combination of atezolizumab (IMpower-133) or durvalumab (CASPIAN) with platinum-etoposide chemotherapy improved overall survival of patients with extensive disease. Instead, the KEYNOTE-604 study demonstrated that the addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy failed to significantly improve overall survival, but it prolonged progression-free survival. The safety profile of these combinations was similar with the known safety profiles of all single agents and no new adverse events were observed. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab single agents showed anti-tumor activity and acceptable safety profile in Checkmate 032 and KEYNOTE 028/158 trials, respectively, in patients with SCLC after platinum-based therapy and at least one prior line of therapy. Future challenges are the identification predictive biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in SCLC and the definition of the role of immunotherapy in patients with limited stage SCLC, in combination with radiotherapy or with other biological agents.
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Yan LX, Liu YH, Li Z, Luo DL, Li YF, Yan JH, Zhang JT, Liu C, Liu XH, He J. Prognostic value of delta-like protein 3 combined with thyroid transcription factor-1 in small-cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2254-2261. [PMID: 31452726 PMCID: PMC6676644 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rovalpituzumab tesirine is a promising delta-like protein 3 (DLL3)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and DLL3 protein are associated with SCLC, and may be used to identify patients, who respond to the DLL3-targeted therapy. However, little is known about the expression pattern of the DLL3 protein, and the prognostic value of DLL3 and TTF-1 for SCLC. A total of 335 patients with SCLC were identified, including 11 patients with paired biopsy of primary site and lobectomy specimens, and 37 patients with paired specimens of primary and metastatic site. The DLL3 expression levels of individuals were evaluated using the anti-DLL3 antibody. No differences in DLL3 expression levels were observed in paired biopsy and lobectomy specimens (P=0.774), and paired primary and metastatic sites (P=0.472). SCLC cases with high DLL3 expression levels were more frequent in male patients (P=0.041), smokers (P=0.023) and patients with positive TTF-1 expression (P=0.006) compared with DLL3-low SCLC. DLL3-high SCLC exhibited worse overall survival compared with DLL3-low SCLC (log-rank test, P=0.007). Patients with TTF-1+ SCLC experienced a significantly worse overall survival compared with patients with TTF-1- SCLC (P<0.001). DLL3-low/TTF-1- was defined as a distinct molecular subgroup of SCLC with optimal prognosis (P<0.001). DLL3-low/TTF-1- was an independent prognostic marker for SCLC (P=0.001). In conclusion, the present study, to the best of our knowledge, provided novel evidence for SCLC intratumoral and intertumoral homogeneity with the identification of DLL3 protein levels. Therefore, it is reliable to use biopsy specimens to evaluate DLL3 expression levels for identification of patients who may benefit from DLL3-targeted therapy. In addition, DLL3 and TTF-1 are two protein markers with potential clinical value in risk stratification for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Lan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fa Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiao He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Abstract
Currently, chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for first- and second-line management of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immunotherapy has made progress in the treatment of SCLC, and nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab have led to significant improvements in clinical outcomes of SCLC. Regarding options in other classes of therapy, the cytotoxic drug lurbinectedin was granted orphan drug status based on a remarkable objective response rate of 39.3%. In addition, an increase in progression-free survival (PFS) was achieved in a phase II study of anlotinib (ALTER 1202). Future prospects for even better outcomes in SCLC lie in novel ways to integrate immunotherapy and small-molecule TKI drugs. Innovative clinical trial designs are needed to efficiently explore the increasing number of options with new drugs and new combinations thereof for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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5
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Li H, Zeng J, Jin X, Yu X, Zhou G, Hong W. Apatinib for chemotherapy-refractory extensive-stage SCLC: a retrospective study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 83:1083-1090. [PMID: 30937519 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no standard treatment strategy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have failed two or more prior chemotherapeutic regimens. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of apatinib in patients with extensive-stage SCLC after failure of more than second-line chemotherapy. METHODS A study group comprised of 22 patients with extensive-stage SCLC after failure of more than two prior chemotherapeutic regimens was given apatinib orally at an initial dose of 500 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. This study was analyzed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for adverse events (AEs) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) for response assessment. RESULTS Between August 30, 2015, and May 26, 2017, 22 patients were enrolled for evaluating the efficacy and safety of apatinib. Among them, 12/22 (54.5%) underwent dose reduction during treatment. Up to July 31, 2018, the median progression-free survival rate was 135.0 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 63.8-206.2]. According to the RECIST criteria, the disease control rate (DCR) was 86.4%, 19/22 [comprised of partial response (PR) 18.2%, 4/22; and stable disease (SD) 68.2%, 15/22 patients]. The most frequent AEs were hand-foot syndrome (45.5%, 10/22), secondary hypertension (45.5%, 10/22) and fatigue (40.9%, 9/22). The primary grade 3 or 4 toxicities were hypertension (22.7%, 5/22), hand-foot syndrome (13.6%, 3/22), and proteinuria (9.1%, 2/22). CONCLUSIONS Apatinib exhibits modest activity and acceptable toxicity for patients with heavily pretreated extensive-stage SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xinmin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Guoming Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicines, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Della Corte CM, Gay CM, Byers LA. Beyond chemotherapy: Emerging biomarkers and therapies as small cell lung cancer enters the immune checkpoint era. Cancer 2019; 125:496-498. [PMID: 30620399 PMCID: PMC6353664 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, clinicians have seen no therapeutic advances for SCLC, including no FDA-approved targeted therapies; recently, immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a promising new option for the treatment of relapsed SCLC (including recent FDA approval of nivolumab in the third-line setting) and may soon represent the frontline standard of care in combination with chemotherapy. However, we need to uncover biomarkers to guide patient selection and develop novel approaches to enhance response to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carminia M. Della Corte
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carl M. Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren A. Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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7
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Zimmerman S, Das A, Wang S, Julian R, Gandhi L, Wolf J. 2017-2018 Scientific Advances in Thoracic Oncology: Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:768-783. [PMID: 30763729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCLC remains an aggressive, deadly cancer with only modest effect on survival from standard chemotherapy. However, with the advent of immunotherapy and comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling, multiple new targets are showing promise in the clinical arena, and just recently programmed death ligand 1 inhibition has been shown to improve the efficacy of standard chemotherapy in extended-disease SCLC. Our increasing understanding of the interactions between different pathways will enable more tailored immunotherapy and targeted therapies based on specific biomarkers and rational combinations. Here we discuss the preclinical and clinical strides in 2017 and 2018 that put us on the threshold of a new era in therapeutics and will, it is hoped, translate into significant improvements in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zimmerman
- Oncology Department, Service of Immuno-Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Arundhati Das
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ricklie Julian
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York; New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Leena Gandhi
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York; New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Juergen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, University Clinic Köln, Köln, Germany
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8
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Hou JL, Bridges AG. Phototoxic drug reaction with the novel agent rovalpituzumab tesirine. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:e17-e19. [PMID: 29319846 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hou
- Department of Dermatology (Drs Hou and Bridges), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alina G Bridges
- Department of Dermatology (Drs Hou and Bridges), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Anatomic Pathology (Dr Bridges), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Gregson SJ, Masterson LA, Wei B, Pillow TH, Spencer SD, Kang GD, Yu SF, Raab H, Lau J, Li G, Lewis Phillips GD, Gunzner-Toste J, Safina BS, Ohri R, Darwish M, Kozak KR, Dela Cruz-Chuh J, Polson A, Flygare JA, Howard PW. Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Synthesis and Evaluation of Noncleavable Drug-Linkers. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9490-9507. [PMID: 29112410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three rationally designed pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) drug-linkers have been synthesized via intermediate 19 for use in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). They lack a cleavable trigger in the linker and consist of a maleimide for cysteine antibody conjugation, a hydrophilic spacer, and either an alkyne (6), triazole (7), or piperazine (8) link to the PBD. In vitro IC50 values were 11-48 ng/mL in HER2 3+ SK-BR-3 and KPL-4 (7 inactive) for the anti-HER2 ADCs (HER2 0 MCF7, all inactive) and 0.10-1.73 μg/mL (7 inactive) in CD22 3+ BJAB and WSU-DLCL2 for anti-CD22 ADCs (CD22 0 Jurkat, all inactive at low doses). In vivo antitumor efficacy for the anti-HER2 ADCs in Founder 5 was observed with tumor stasis at 0.5-1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 3-6 mg/kg for 6, 8, and 7, respectively. Tumor stasis at 2 mg/kg was observed for anti-CD22 6 in WSU-DLCL2. In summary, noncleavable PBD-ADCs exhibit potent activity, particularly in HER2 models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gregson
- Spirogen , QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Masterson
- Spirogen , QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Binqing Wei
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan D Spencer
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gyoung-Dong Kang
- Spirogen , QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Helga Raab
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Janet Gunzner-Toste
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian S Safina
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martine Darwish
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Andrew Polson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John A Flygare
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Philip W Howard
- Spirogen , QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom
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11
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Doerr F, George J, Schmitt A, Beleggia F, Rehkämper T, Hermann S, Walter V, Weber JP, Thomas RK, Wittersheim M, Büttner R, Persigehl T, Reinhardt HC. Targeting a non-oncogene addiction to the ATR/CHK1 axis for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15511. [PMID: 29138515 PMCID: PMC5686113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a difficult to treat subtype of lung cancer. One of the hallmarks of SCLC is its almost uniform chemotherapy sensitivity. However, chemotherapy response is typically transient and patients frequently succumb to SCLC within a year following diagnosis. We performed a transcriptome analysis of the major human lung cancer entities. We show a significant overexpression of genes involved in the DNA damage response, specifically in SCLC. Particularly CHEK1, which encodes for the cell cycle checkpoint kinase CHK1, is significantly overexpressed in SCLC, compared to lung adenocarcinoma. In line with uncontrolled cell cycle progression in SCLC, we find that CDC25A, B and C mRNAs are expressed at significantly higher levels in SCLC, compared to lung adenocarcinoma. We next profiled the efficacy of compounds targeting CHK1 and ATR. Both, ATR- and CHK1 inhibitors induce genotoxic damage and apoptosis in human and murine SCLC cell lines, but not in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We further demonstrate that murine SCLC tumors were highly sensitive to ATR- and CHK1 inhibitors, while Kras G12D -driven murine lung adenocarcinomas were resistant against these compounds and displayed continued growth under therapy. Altogether, our data indicate that SCLC displays an actionable dependence on ATR/CHK1-mediated cell cycle checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Doerr
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Rehkämper
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean-Philip Weber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Wittersheim
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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12
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Seeber A, Leitner C, Philipp-Abbrederis K, Spizzo G, Kocher F. What's new in small cell lung cancer – extensive disease? An overview on advances of systemic treatment in 2016. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1427-1435. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic therapy options for small cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease remain poor. After an initial response on first-line therapy, virtually all patients develop disease progression. For those who showed an initial response only few therapy options with low response rates are currently available. Until now, many experimental and targeted agents have failed to yield convincing clinical benefits, and new therapy options are clearly warranted for these patients. In this year's oncological congresses, several new therapy strategies, including checkpoint inhibition, showed promising results in ongoing trials. Furthermore, a potential benefit of new agents targeting DLL3, Aurora A kinase and PARP-inhibitor was reported. In this review we summarize new developments and critically highlight the most important and promising data in the relapsed small cell lung cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Leitner
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department for Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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