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Recent advances in carbon nanotubes-based biocatalysts and their applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102542. [PMID: 34655931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes have been incorporated into a wide variety of fields and industries as they catalyze many biochemical and chemical reactions. The immobilization of enzymes on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for generating nano biocatalysts with high stability and reusability is gaining great attention among researchers. Functionalized CNTs act as excellent support for effective enzyme immobilization. Depending on the application, the enzymes can be tailored using the various surface functionalization techniques on the CNTs to extricate the desirable characteristics. Aiming at the preparation of efficient, stable, and recyclable nanobiocatalysts, this review provides an overview of the methods developed to immobilize the various enzymes. Various applications of carbon nanotube-based biocatalysts in water purification, bioremediation, biosensors, and biofuel cells have been comprehensively reviewed.
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Recent Trends in Biomaterials for Immobilization of Lipases for Application in Non-Conventional Media. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biomaterials as novel carrier materials for lipase immobilization has been investigated by many research groups over recent years. Biomaterials such as agarose, starch, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and their derivatives have been extensively studied since they are non-toxic materials, can be obtained from a wide range of sources and are easy to modify, due to the high variety of functional groups on their surfaces. However, although many lipases have been immobilized on biomaterials and have shown potential for application in biocatalysis, special features are required when the biocatalyst is used in non-conventional media, for example, in organic solvents, which are required for most reactions in organic synthesis. In this article, we discuss the use of biomaterials for lipase immobilization, highlighting recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of biomaterials using different methods. Examples of effective strategies designed to result in improved activity and stability and drawbacks of the different immobilization protocols are discussed. Furthermore, the versatility of different biocatalysts for the production of compounds of interest in organic synthesis is also described.
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Filho DG, Silva AG, Guidini CZ. Lipases: sources, immobilization methods, and industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7399-7423. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Silva MVC, Aguiar LG, de Castro HF, Freitas L. Optimization of the parameters that affect the synthesis of magnetic copolymer styrene-divinilbezene to be used as efficient matrix for immobilizing lipases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Bresolin D, Estrella AS, da Silva JRP, Valério A, Sayer C, de Araújo PHH, de Oliveira D. Synthesis of a green polyurethane foam from a biopolyol obtained by enzymatic glycerolysis and its use for immobilization of lipase NS-40116. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:213-222. [PMID: 30367249 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of green sources for materials synthesis has gained popularity in recent years. This work investigated the immobilization of lipase NS-40116 (Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase) in polyurethane foam (PUF) using a biopolyol obtained through the enzymatic glycerolysis between castor oil and glycerol, catalyzed by the commercial lipase Novozym 435 for the PUF formation. The reaction was performed to obtain biopolyol resulting in the conversion of 64% in mono- and diacylglycerol, promoting the efficient use of the reaction product as biopolyol to obtain polyurethane foam. The enzymatic derivative with immobilized lipase NS-40116 presented apparent density of 0.19 ± 0.03 g/cm3 and an immobilization yield was 94 ± 4%. Free and immobilized lipase NS-40116 were characterized in different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and propanol), temperatures (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C), pH (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) and presence of ions Na+, Mg++, and Ca++. The support provided higher stability to the enzyme, mainly when subjected to acid pH (free lipase lost 80% of relative activity after 360 h of contact, when the enzymatic derivative lost around 22%) and high-temperature free lipase lost 50% of relative activity, while the immobilized remained 95%. The enzymatic derivative was also used for esterification reactions and conversions around 66% in fatty acid methyl esters, using abdominal chicken fat as feedstock, were obtained in the first use, maintaining this high conversion until the fourth reuse, proving that the support obtained using environmentally friendly techniques is applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bresolin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Arthur S Estrella
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline R P da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Valério
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro H H de Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Paichid N, Yunu T, Klomklao S, Prasertsan P, Sangkharak K. Enhanced Synthesis of Fatty-Acid Methyl Ester using Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluents and Immobilized Palm Lipase. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Paichid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
| | - Tewan Yunu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
| | - Sappasith Klomklao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology and Community Development; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University, Kanjanavanich Road; Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn Sangkharak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Thaksin University, Phet Kasem Road; Phatthalung, 93210 Thailand
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Lipase Immobilization on Silica Xerogel Treated with Protic Ionic Liquid and its Application in Biodiesel Production from Different Oils. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071829. [PMID: 29933608 PMCID: PMC6073416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treated silica xerogel with protic ionic liquid (PIL) and bifunctional agents (glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin) is a novel support strategy used in the effective immobilization of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (LBC) by covalent binding. As biocatalysts with the highest activity recovery yields, LBC immobilized by covalent binding with epichlorohydrin without (203%) and with PIL (250%), was assessed by the following the hydrolysis reaction of olive oil and characterized biochemically (Michaelis⁻Menten constant, optimum pH and temperature, and operational stability). Further, the potential transesterification activity for three substrates: sunflower, soybean, and colza oils, was also determined, achieving a conversion of ethyl esters between 70 and 98%. The supports and the immobilized lipase systems were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.
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Sheng W, Xi Y, Zhang L, Ye T, Zhao X. Enhanced activity and stability of papain by covalent immobilization on porous magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:143-148. [PMID: 29567500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Papain enzyme was successfully immobilized by covalent bonding onto biocompatible Fe3O4/SF nanoparticles, which were prepared with the soft template of silk fibroin (SF). The optimized immobilization condition is pH6.0, hydrolysis time of 60min, and an enzyme/support ratio of 10.0mg/g. Compared with free papain, the immobilized papain exhibits a high effective activity, broader working pH and temperature. This immobilized papain can be separated from the solution by the external magnetic field for cyclic utilization, and 70% of initial activity was retained after eight consecutive operations while completely loss of proteolytic activity for the free papain. Furthermore, the immobilized papain maintained 85% of their initial activity after being stored for 28days. Kinetic parameters, maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) of immobilized papain, were determined as 4.95mg/l·min and 0.23mg/ml, larger than its free counterpart. All the results above indicated that the immobilized papain onto magnetic Fe3O4/SF nanoparticles would have potential industrial and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Sheng
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Nano Devices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yinyin Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Luting Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ting Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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Ratanapongleka K, Punbut S. Removal of acetaminophen in water by laccase immobilized in barium alginate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:336-345. [PMID: 28278092 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1301563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research has focused on the optimization of immobilized laccase condition and utilization in degradation of acetaminophen contaminated in aqueous solution. Laccase from Lentinus polychrous was immobilized in barium alginate. The effects of laccase immobilization such as sodium alginate concentration, barium chloride concentration and gelation time were studied. The optimal conditions for immobilization were sodium alginate 5% (w/v), barium chloride 5% (w/v) and gelation time of 60 min. Immobilized laccase was then used for acetaminophen removal. Acetaminophen was removed quickly in the first 50 min. The degradation rate and percentage of removal increased when the enzyme concentration increased. Immobilized laccase at 0.57 U/g-alginate showed the maximum removal at 94% in 240 min. The removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial acetaminophen concentration. The Km value for immobilized laccase (98.86 µM) was lower than that of free laccase (203.56 µM), indicating that substrate affinity was probably enhanced by immobilization. The immobilized enzyme exhibited high activity and good acetaminophen removal at pH 7 and temperature of 35°C. The activation energies of free and immobilized laccase for degradation of acetaminophen were 8.08 and 17.70 kJ/mol, respectively. It was also found that laccase stability to pH and temperature increased after immobilization. Furthermore, immobilized laccase could be reused for five cycles. The capability of removal and enzyme activity were retained above 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnika Ratanapongleka
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani , Thailand
| | - Supot Punbut
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani , Thailand
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Padilha GS, Tambourgi EB, Alegre RM. Evaluation of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized in alginate beads and application in the synthesis of banana flavor (isoamyl acetate). CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1370707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana S. Padilha
- Research Group in Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, School of Applied Sciences/FCA, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias B. Tambourgi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ranulfo M. Alegre
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sánchez DA, Tonetto GM, Ferreira ML. Burkholderia cepacia
lipase: A versatile catalyst in synthesis reactions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:6-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Sánchez
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - Gabriela M. Tonetto
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - María L. Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
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Ying X, Wang H, Liu J, Li X. Polyacrylamide-grafted calcium alginate microspheres as protein-imprinting materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Abdulla R, Sanny SA, Derman E. Stability studies of immobilized lipase on rice husk and eggshell membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/206/1/012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang H, Ying X, Liu J, Li X, Zhang W. Specific rebinding of protein imprinted polyethylene glycol grafted calcium alginate hydrogel with different crosslinking degree. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Torres MD, Chenlo F, Moreira R. Thermal reversibility of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan gels extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus at different ionic strengths. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li W, Shen H, Ma M, Liu L, Cui C, Chen B, Fan D, Tan T. Synthesis of ethyl oleate by esterification in a solvent-free system using lipase immobilized on PDMS-modified nonwoven viscose fabrics. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Palanisamy K, Kuppamuthu K, Jeyaseelan A. Bacillus sp. PS35 Lipase-Immobilization on Styrene-Divinyl Benzene Resin and Application in Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Synthesis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 13:39-46. [PMID: 28959298 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipase is an enzyme with immense application potential. Ester synthesis by lipase catalysis in organic media is an area of key industrial relevance. Enzymatic preparations with traits that cater to the needs of this function are hence being intensely researched. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to immobilize the lipase from Bacillus sp. PS35 by cross-linking and adsorption onto styrene-divinyl benzene (Sty-Dvb) hydrophobic resin and to comparatively characterize the free and immobilized lipase preparations. The work also aimed to apply the immobilized lipase for catalysing the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) synthesis from palm oil and optimize the process parameters for maximizing the yield. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the purified lipase from Bacillus sp. PS35 was immobilized by adsorption onto styrene-divinyl benzene hydrophobic resin with gluteraldehyde cross-linking. RESULTS The immobilized enzyme showed better pH and temperature stabilities than the free lipase. Organic solvent stability was also enhanced, with the relative activity in the presence of methanol being shifted from 53% to 81%, thereby facilitating the enzyme's application in fatty acid methyl ester synthesis. It exhibited remarkable storage stability over a 30-day period and after 20 repetitive uses. Cross-linking also reduced enzyme leakage by 49%. The immobilized lipase was then applied for biodiesel production from palm oil. Methanol and oil molar ratio of 5:1, three step methanol additions, and an incubation temperature of 50°C were established to be the ideal conditions favoring the transesterification reaction, resulting in 97% methyl ester yield. CONCLUSIONS These promising results offer scope for further investigation and process scale up, permitting the enzyme's commercial application in a practically feasible and economically agreeable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Aravind Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamilnadu, India
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Duan L, Wang H, Sun Y, Xie X. Biodegradation of Phenol from Wastewater by Microorganism Immobilized in Bentonite and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gel. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2015.1074897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kanmani P, Kumaresan K, Aravind J. Pretreatment of coconut mill effluent using celite-immobilized hydrolytic enzyme preparation from Staphylococcus pasteuri and its impact on anaerobic digestion. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1249-58. [PMID: 26033963 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biological treatment of oil and grease (O&G)-containing industrial effluents has long been a challenging issue. Practically feasible avenues to bring down their O&G load and enhance treatability are desired. In one such endeavour, the partially purified lipase from Staphylococcus pasteuri COM-4A was immobilized on celite carrier and applied for the enzymatic hydrolysis of unsterilized coconut oil mill effluent. In batch hydrolysis experiments, optimum conditions of 1% (w/v) immobilized lipase beads, one in four effluent dilution, and a contact time of 30 h resulted in 46% and 24% increase in volatile fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids and a concomitant 52% and 32% decrease in O&G and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, respectively. Batch anaerobic biodegradation trials with this prehydrolyzed effluent showed 89%, 91%, and 90% decrease in COD, proteins, and reducing sugars, respectively. These results were validated in a hybrid stirred tank--upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Average COD and O&G reductions effected by the hybrid reactor were found to be 89% and 88%, whereas that by the control reactor without enzymatic hydrolysis were only 60% and 47%, respectively. A maximum of 0.86 L methane gas was generated by the hybrid reactor per gram of VS added. Hence, this celite-immobilized crude lipase, sourced from a native laboratory isolate, seems to be a workable alternative to commercial enzyme preparations for the management of lipid-rich industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Kanmani
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kuppamuthu Kumaresan
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeyaseelan Aravind
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamilnadu, India
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Tan IS, Lee KT. Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:386-394. [PMID: 25465785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. After repeated twelve runs, immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 75% of its initial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn Shi Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Wang XY, Jiang XP, Li Y, Zeng S, Zhang YW. Preparation Fe3O4@chitosan magnetic particles for covalent immobilization of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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A comprehensive review on biodegradable polymers and their blends used in controlled-release fertilizer processes. REV CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2014-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBiodegradable polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizers (PC-CRFs) are essential means to reduce cost, improve marketability, conserve land fertility, achieve high crop yields and combat climate challenges. It is known that about 15–30% of any fertilizer packed in a PC-CRF does not get released due to the concentration gradient difference across the polymer coatings. To release the trapped fertilizer(s), it is desired that polymer-based coatings should biodegrade after the fertilizer is completely released into the soil. This review has aimed to provide a comprehensive account for various biodegradable polymers/blends derived either from natural or synthetic sources which are cited in the literature for PC-CRFs. In addition, this review covers the discussion on their classification criteria, trends in the processes of fertilizer coatings, methodological issues for their biodegradation assessment, coating attributes that affect the biodegradability and an outlook into their biodegradation kinetic models that involve enzymes and microbial processes. It also concludes that experimental as well as modeling data are insufficient to assess the biodegradation contribution of the overall nutrient release in PC-CRFs.
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Jadhav SB, Singhal RS. Pullulan-complexed α-amylase and glucosidase in alginate beads: Enhanced entrapment and stability. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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