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Sarat N, Salim A, Pal S, Subhash S, Prasad M, Nair BG, Madhavan A. Mitigation of biogenic methanethiol using bacteriophages in synthetic wastewater augmented with Pseudomonas putida. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19480. [PMID: 37945592 PMCID: PMC10636157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater malodour is the proverbial 'elephant in the room' notwithstanding its severe implications on sanitation, health, and hygiene. The predominant malodorous compounds associated with wastewater treatment plants and toilets are volatile organic compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, methanethiol, and organic acids. Among them, methanethiol warrants more attention owing to its relatively low olfactory threshold and associated cytotoxicity. This requires an efficient odour-abatement method since conventional techniques are either cost-prohibitive or leave recalcitrant byproducts. Bacteriophage-based methodology holds promise, and the described work explores the potential. In this study, a non-lysogenous Pseudomonas putida strain is used as a model organism that produces methanethiol in the presence of methionine. Two double-stranded DNA phages of genome sizes > 10 Kb were isolated from sewage. ɸPh_PP01 and ɸPh_PP02 were stable at suboptimal pH, temperature, and at 10% chloroform. Moreover, they showed adsorption efficiencies of 53% and 89% in 12 min and burst sizes of 507 ± 187 and 105 ± 7 virions per cell, respectively. In augmented synthetic wastewater, ɸPh_PP01 and ɸPh_PP02 reduced methanethiol production by 52% and 47%, respectively, with the concomitant reduction in P. putida by 3 logs in 6 h. On extension of the study in P. putida spiked-sewage sample, maximum reduction in methanethiol production was achieved in 3 h, with 49% and 48% for ɸPh_PP01 and ɸPh_PP02, respectively. But at 6 h, efficiency reduced to 36% with both the phages. The study clearly demonstrates the potential of phages as biocontrol agents in the reduction of malodour in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Sarat
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Amrita Salim
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Sanjay Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India.
| | - Suja Subhash
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Megha Prasad
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Ajith Madhavan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, 690525, India.
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Cheng X, Wang S, Huang W, Wang F, Fang S, Ge R, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Du W, Fang F, Feng Q, Cao J, Luo J. Current status of hypochlorite technology on the wastewater treatment and sludge disposal: Performance, principals and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150085. [PMID: 34525771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As cost-effective and high-efficient oxidants, the hypochlorite chemicals have been widely utilized for bleaching and disinfection. However, its potential applications in wastewater treatment and sludge disposal were less concerned. This paper mainly summarized the state-of-the-art applications of hypochlorite technology in wastewater and sludge treatment based on the main influencing factors and potential mechanisms of hypochlorite treatment. The results indicated that the hypochlorite approaches were not only effective in pollutants removal and membrane fouling mitigation for wastewater treatment, but also contributed to sludge dewatering and resource recovery for sludge disposal. The ClO- and large generated free active radicals (i.e., reactive chlorine species and reactive oxygen species), which possessed strong oxidative ability, were the primary contributors to the pollutants decomposition, and colloids/microbes flocs disintegration during the hypochlorite treatment process. The performance of hypochlorite treatment was highly associated with various factors (i.e., pH, temperature, hypochlorite types and dosage). In combination with the reasonable activators (i.e., Fe2+ and ultraviolet), auxiliary agents, and innovative processes (i.e., hydrothermal and electro-oxidation), the operational performance of hypochlorite technology could be further enhanced. Finally, the feasibility and benefits of hypochlorite application for wastewater and sludge treatment were analyzed, and the existing challenges and future research efforts that need to be made have also prospected. The review can hopefully provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance to extend the application of hypochlorite technology for wastewater treatment and sludge disposal on large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Suna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ran Ge
- College of Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Yuan MH, Chang CC, Chang CY, Liao WC, Shie JL, Chen YH, Ji DR, Wu CH. Catalytic destruction of vinyl chloride over an alumina-supported platinum catalyst. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1187-1193. [PMID: 26191993 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1047678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, vinyl chloride (VC), the primary material for manufacturing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is decomposed via catalytic oxidation (C-OX) using Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The effects of related major factors such as reaction temperature (T) and gas hourly space velocity on the conversion of VC (X) were examined. The values of T for achieving conversions of 50% and 90% are 504 and 580 K with C-OX, respectively, whereas those without Pt/γ-Al2O3 (i.e., thermal oxidation, T-OX) are 900 and 983 K, respectively, thus indicating that C-OX significantly reduces T for effective oxidation of VC to form CO2, HCl, and Cl2 when compared with T-OX. The mineralizations of carbon in VC to form CO2 are 75.5% and 38% for C-OX and T-OX, respectively, at 90% X. The conversions of chlorine atom in 1,2-dichloroenane (DCEA) to Cl in HCl and Cl2 are approximately 42% and 50.8% for C-OX and T-OX, respectively, at 90% X. These results indicate that the Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibits remarkable performance for the mineralizations to form CO2 even though a proportion of chlorine atoms are adsorbed on the Pt surface. The Eley-Rideal model can be used to describe the experimental results, thus yielding activation energy and frequency factor values of 49.0 kJ mol(-1) and 1.77 × 10(6) s(-1), respectively. The obtained information and kinetic parameters are useful for the rational design and operation of C-OX process for the abatement of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hao Yuan
- a Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Kim H, Lee H, Choi E, Choi I, Shin T, Im H, Ahn S. Characterization of odor emission from alternating aerobic and anoxic activated sludge systems using real-time total reduced sulfur analyzer. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:394-401. [PMID: 25180483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic biodegradation of sulfur-containing compounds always generates volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) including H2S, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS). VSC emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) result in odor complaints from people living nearby. To control odor-causing compounds in WWTPs, it is important to know the odor emission quantity particularly with continuous monitoring. Since modified activated sludge processes always include anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions for nutrient removal, odor emission from these different environmental settings is expected. In this study, continuous monitoring of VSCs from the headspace of an alternating aerobic and anoxic (AAA) activated sludge process via total reduced sulfur (TRS) analyzer was performed. There is clear pattern of the initial TRS peak immediately after the initiation of the aeration in the AAA system and TRS concentration begins to drop through the remaining air-on cycle. On the other hand, during the air-off period, TRS concentrations increase with time. In particular, a clear inflection point in the TRS profile could be observed after complete removal of nitrate during air-off, meaning more VSCs formation. Since the highest odor emission occurs after the initiation of aeration, the future control of exhausted air should only deal with air collected during the initial aeration period (e.g., 30min), a similar concept for the treatment of first flush in combined sewer overflow. In addition, application of a control scheme to initiate aeration immediately after denitrification is completed during air-off should be beneficial in reducing odor emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunook Kim
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Choi
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Choi
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesub Shin
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Im
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Ahn
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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