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Rajabiyan A, Vaccaro L, Ahmady AZ. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Isolation and Characterisation of Echinometra mathaei from the Persian Gulf. Trop Life Sci Res 2023; 34:243-254. [PMID: 38144377 PMCID: PMC10735264 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on the preparation and characterisation (physicochemical and mechanical) of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] (HA) from sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei. Therefore, nano-sized HA prepared from sea urchin shells were collected from beaches of the Persian Gulf in Iran. Sea urchin shells were found a source of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite (calcite) that crystallised in an organic matrix. HA is one of the polymers used in coating the nanoparticles extracted from various sources. The calcined aragonite converted to nanosized hydroxyapatite powder by chemical reaction with orthophosphoric acid while maintaining stoichiometry, Ca/P = 1.667 at 80°C. To determine the purity of the nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) numerous analytical procedures were used. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of the peak of 961 cm-1 is related to the symmetric tensile band of the P-O bond, and the peak of 1038 cm-1 and 1091 cm-1 is related to the tensile solid absorption of the PO4 as functional groups of nHA. The nanocrystalline HA can be observed from the SEM images. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) demonstrates the thermal stability of nHA powder. The results show successful isolation and characterisation study of this crucial nano-material shows it is valuable in biomedical applications, particularly in bone tissue engineering. Indeed, its fabrication is easy and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabiyan
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C. – Dipartimento di Chimica, biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amanollah Zarei Ahmady
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate from Cuttlebone Assisted by the Biosurfactant L-rhamnose Monohydrate for Biomedical Materials. CHEMENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The motivation of this research work is to develop novel medical material from cuttlebone (calcium source) by L-rhamnose monohydrate (biosurfactant) for aged people. The process can be synthesized biphasic calcium phosphate which is eco-friendly to environment. One of the most important aspects for this work is to use cuttlebone as a naturally occurring calcium source from a local beach in Thailand. It usually contains 90% calcium carbonate. The objective of this research work is to synthesize the biphasic calcium phosphate by hydrothermal reaction. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of 10, 20, 100, 500 and 1000 of L-rhamnose monohydrate were used to control particle size and shape. XRD revealed a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite powder. SEM reported that the size of particles can be effectively controlled by the addition of L-rhamnose monohydrate, and with the addition of surfactant, size uniformity was achieved. The cytotoxicity test was reported to be in the range of 70–75%. It was remarkable to note that biphasic calcium phosphate synthesized from cuttlebone with the aid of L-rhamnose monohydrate will be considered an excellent candidate as a scaffold material.
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Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products-A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174865. [PMID: 34500955 PMCID: PMC8432723 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In dentistry and oral care products, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening. Clinical data on these products is limited with varied results; additionally, the effectiveness of these apatite compounds versus fluoride, which has conventionally been used in toothpaste, has not been established. Therefore, this review critically evaluates current research on HA oral care, and discusses the role and mechanism of HA in remineralisation of both enamel and dentine and for suppressing dentine sensitivity. Furthermore, we position HA’s role in biofilm management and highlight the role of HA in dental applications by summarising the recent achievement and providing an overview of commercialised HA dental products. The review also indicates the existing limitations and provides direction for future research and commercialisation of apatite-based oral care products.
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Zhao R, Yang R, Cooper PR, Khurshid Z, Shavandi A, Ratnayake J. Bone Grafts and Substitutes in Dentistry: A Review of Current Trends and Developments. Molecules 2021; 26:3007. [PMID: 34070157 PMCID: PMC8158510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After tooth loss, bone resorption is irreversible, leaving the area without adequate bone volume for successful implant treatment. Bone grafting is the only solution to reverse dental bone loss and is a well-accepted procedure required in one in every four dental implants. Research and development in materials, design and fabrication technologies have expanded over the years to achieve successful and long-lasting dental implants for tooth substitution. This review will critically present the various dental bone graft and substitute materials that have been used to achieve a successful dental implant. The article also reviews the properties of dental bone grafts and various dental bone substitutes that have been studied or are currently available commercially. The various classifications of bone grafts and substitutes, including natural and synthetic materials, are critically presented, and available commercial products in each category are discussed. Different bone substitute materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, or their combinations, and their chemical, physical, and biocompatibility properties are explored. Limitations of the available materials are presented, and areas which require further research and development are highlighted. Tissue engineering hybrid constructions with enhanced bone regeneration ability, such as cell-based or growth factor-based bone substitutes, are discussed as an emerging area of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusin Zhao
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Ruijia Yang
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter Unit—École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50—CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jithendra Ratnayake
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
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Balu SK, Andra S, Jeevanandam J, S MV, V S. Emerging marine derived nanohydroxyapatite and their composites for implant and biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104523. [PMID: 33940538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Implant materials must mimic natural human bones with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and mechanical stability to successfully replace damaged or disease-affected bones. Synthetic hydroxyapatite was incorporated with bioglass to mimic natural bones for replacing conventional implant materials which has led to certain toxicity issues. Hence, hydroxyapatite (HAp) are recently gaining applicational importance as they are resembling the structure and function of natural bones. Further, nanosized HAp is under extensive research to utilize them as a potential replacement for traditional implants with several exclusive properties. However, chemical synthesis of nano-HAp exhibited toxicity towards normal and healthy cells. Recently, biogenic Hap synthesis from marine and animal sources are introduced as a next generation implant materials, due to their mineral ion and significant porous architecture mediated biocompatibility and bone bonding ability, compared to synthetic HAp. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to give a bird's eye view into the conventional approaches for fabricating nano-HAp, its limitations and the significance of using marine organisms and marine food wastes as a precursor for biogenic nano-Hap production. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro analyses of marine source derived nano-HAp and their potential biomedical applications were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Balu
- Department of Ceramic Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Swetha Andra
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manisha Vidyavathy S
- Department of Ceramic Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.
| | - Sampath V
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
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AYDIN G, YILDIRIM K, KALEMTAS A. Naturally Derived a-Tricalcium Phosphate Based Porous Composite Bead Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/msri/160307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, innovative approach is applied to produce porous a-TCP-CeO2-Al2O3 composite beads via using bovine bone-derived hydroxyapatite, cerium oxide, and alumina ceramics. Bovine-bone derived hydroxyapatite was obtained via calcination of bones at 950°C for 3 hours. Hydroxyapatite is a thermally unstable biomaterial at high temperatures, and depending on its stoichiometry decomposes at 800-1200°C. Sodium alginate was successfully used as an in situ gelling templates for the production of the ceramic beads and starch, an environmentally friendly and economic pore-forming agent, is used to achieve interconnected, highly open porosity containing composite beads. Sintering of the ceramic−starch−alginate green composite beads at 1200°C for 1 hour resulted in the decomposition of the hydroxyapatite phase and formation of a-TCP. XRD analysis revealed that a-TCP-CeO2-Al2O3 composite beads were achieved. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a-TCP phase in all composite compositions. SEM investigations of the produced composite beads revealed that bimodal pore size distribution, fine and coarse, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum AYDIN
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kenan YILDIRIM
- Bursa Technical University Central Research Laboratory, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayse KALEMTAS
- Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Bursa, Turkey
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Bernalte E, Kamieniak J, Randviir EP, Bernalte-García Á, Banks CE. The preparation of hydroxyapatite from unrefined calcite residues and its application for lead removal from aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4054-4062. [PMID: 35518096 PMCID: PMC9060579 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04701d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcite originating from waste treatment technologies was utilised for the chemical precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAP). The physicochemical properties of the as-synthesised-HAP was fully characterised using FT-IR, BET, SEM and TEM, confirming its crystal structure and formation of high purity HAP by XRD. The product was employed for removal of lead from aqueous media at pH 5.0, achieving almost 80% of the adsorption in the first 5 min and a maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ of 224.4 mg g−1. A contact time of 40 min was required to achieve equilibrium with Pb2+ uptake of 98%. The kinetics of the cation exchange of HAP from calcite were predicted using integrated rate laws, revealing a pseudo-second order cation exchange process with a rate constant of 6.84 × 10−4 g (mg min)−1. All obtained results are benchmarked against a control HAP sample simultaneously derived from eggshells, which were demonstrated to offer slower kinetics of cation exchange (4.82 × 10−4 g (mg min)−1) and almost half the maximum adsorption capacity (129.1 mg g−1). The results showed that hydroxyapatite synthesised from calcite waste represents a low-cost material for the adsorption of hazardous Pb2+ in contaminated waters and a promising alternative for heavy metals remediation in aquatic environments. HAP is synthesized directly from waste calcite and is demonstrated to sequester lead at a quicker rate than comparable materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernalte
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Joanna Kamieniak
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Edward P. Randviir
- Waste to Resource Innovation Network
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Álvaro Bernalte-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Extremadura
- Badajoz
- Spain
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
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Hou Y, Vasileva EA, Carne A, McConnell M, El-Din A Bekhit A, Mishchenko NP. Naphthoquinones of the spinochrome class: occurrence, isolation, biosynthesis and biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32637-32650. [PMID: 35547692 PMCID: PMC9086473 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04777d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones are widespread in nature and have been found in plants, fungi and bacteria, as well as in members of the animal kingdom. More than forty closely related naphthoquinones have been found in echinoderms, mainly in sea urchins but occasionally in brittle stars, sea stars and starfish. This review aims to examine controversial issues on the chemistry, biosynthesis, functions, stability and application aspects of the spinochrome class, a prominent group of secondary metabolites found in sea urchins. The emphasis of this review is on the isolation and structure of these compounds, together with evaluation of their relevant biological activities, source organisms, the location of origin and methods used for isolation and identification. In addition, the studies of their biosynthesis and ecological function, stability and chemical synthesis have been highlighted. This review aims to establish a focus for future spinochrome research and its potential for benefiting human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Hou
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Elena A Vasileva
- Laboratory of the Chemistry of Natural Quinonoid Compounds, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159/2 690022 Vladivostok Russia
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Natalia P Mishchenko
- Laboratory of the Chemistry of Natural Quinonoid Compounds, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159/2 690022 Vladivostok Russia
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