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Baptista F, Campos J, Costa-Silva V, Pinto AR, Saavedra MJ, Ferreira LM, Rodrigues M, Barros AN. Nutraceutical Potential of Lentinula edodes' Spent Mushroom Substrate: A Comprehensive Study on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effects. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1200. [PMID: 38132800 PMCID: PMC10744564 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes, commonly known as shiitake mushroom, is renowned for its potential health advantages. This research delves into the often-overlooked by-product of shiitake cultivation, namely spent mushroom substrate (SMS), to explore its nutraceutical properties. The SMS samples were collected and subjected to different extraction methods, namely short or long agitation, and ultrasound-assisted extractions using different temperatures and distilled water or a 50% (v/v) ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested for phenolic content (total phenols, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; and FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power), and antibacterial activity. The different extraction methods revealed substantial variations (p < 0.05) in phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were achieved using 24 h extraction, agitation, 50 °C, and ethanol as the solvent. Furthermore, the extracted compounds displayed antibacterial activity in specific tested bacterial strains. This study highlights the nutraceutical potential of L. edodes' SMS, positioning it as a valuable dietary supplement for animal nutrition, with emphasis on its prebiotic properties. Hence, this research unveils the promising health benefits of SMS in both human and animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Baptista
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Joana Campos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Valéria Costa-Silva
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rita Pinto
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Luis Mendes Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Miguel Rodrigues
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.J.S.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.)
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Martín C, Zervakis GI, Xiong S, Koutrotsios G, Strætkvern KO. Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252138. [PMID: 37670430 PMCID: PMC10484051 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the mushroom cultivation process, often leads to serious environmental problems and is financially demanding. Efficient recycling and valorization of SMS are crucial for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry in the frame of the circular economy principles. The physical properties and chemical composition of SMS are a solid fundament for developing several applications, and recent literature shows an increasing research interest in exploiting that inherent potential. This review provides a thorough outlook on SMS exploitation possibilities and discusses critically recent findings related to specific applications in plant and mushroom cultivation, animal husbandry, and recovery of enzymes and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Shaojun Xiong
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
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Klausen SJ, Falck-Ytter AB, Strætkvern KO, Martin C. Evaluation of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and the Saccharification of Cellulose as a Route for the Valorization of Spent Mushroom Substrate. Molecules 2023; 28:5140. [PMID: 37446802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds and cellulose saccharification are potential directions for the valorization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). Therefore, investigating the suitability of different extraction methods for recovering bioactive compounds from SMS and how the extraction affects the enzymatic saccharification is of uppermost relevance. In this work, bioactive compounds were extracted from Pleurotus spp. SMS using four extraction methods. For Soxhlet extraction (SoE), a 40:60 ethanol/water mixture gave the highest extraction efficiency (EE) (69.9-71.1%) among the seven solvent systems assayed. Reflux extraction with 40:60 ethanol/water increased the extraction yield and EE compared to SoE. A shorter reflux time yielded a higher extraction of carbohydrates than SoE, while a longer time was more effective for extracting phenolics. The extracts from 240 min of reflux had comparable antioxidant activity (0.3-0.5 mM GAE) with that achieved for SoE. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) at 65 °C for 60 min allowed an EE (~82%) higher than that achieved by either reflux for up to 150 min or SoE. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) at 150 °C resulted in the best extraction parameters among all the tested methods. Vanillic acid and chlorogenic acid were the primary phenolic acids identified in the extracts. A good correlation between the concentration of caffeic acid and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was found. Saccharification tests revealed an enhancement of the enzymatic digestibility of SMS cellulose after the extraction of bioactive compounds. The findings of this initial study provide indications on new research directions for maximizing the recovery of bioactive compounds and fermentable sugars from SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Klausen
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
| | | | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
| | - Carlos Martin
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Hsiao Y, Shao Y, Wu Y, Hsu W, Cheng K, Yu C, Chou C, Hsieh C. Physicochemical properties and protective effects on UVA-induced photoaging in Hs68 cells of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides by fractional precipitation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:537-547. [PMID: 36584774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of natural ingredients protecting skin from UVA-induced photoaging is widely expected. The present study investigated the physicochemical properties, antioxidant, moisturizing, collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities, and protective effect on UVA-induced photoaging in Hs68 cells of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides (POPs). POP-40, POP-60, and POP-80 were extracted by gradient precipitation of 40 %, 60 %, and 80 % ethanol, which could be prepared in large quantities. The results showed that POPs had good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities, water retention capacity, and collagenase and elastase inhibition effects. POP-80 had the best efficacy. Further determined the anti-inflammatory and antisenescence activities of POPs in Hs68 cells. The results indicated that after UVA irradiation, the contents of ROS, senescent cells, NF-κB activity, and proinflammatory cytokines increased in Hs68 cells. However, cells pretreated with 50 μg/mL POPs significantly decreased the contents of ROS and the number of senescent cells, reduced NF-κB activity, and inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α production. There was no significant difference in reducing the accumulation of ROS and senescent cells between POP-80 and the common anti-inflammatory substance quercetin. The results suggested that POP-80 may be potential cosmeceutical ingredients as it can protect Hs68 cells from photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Hsiao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan.
| | - Yichia Shao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan.
| | - Yunting Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan.
| | - Wenkuang Hsu
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, Xuefu Rd., Dacun Township, Changhua County 515006, Taiwan.
| | - Kuanchen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 81, Changxing St., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106038, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 59, Ln. 144, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106032, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Asia University, No.500, Liufeng Rd., Wufeng Dist., Taichung City 413305, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung City 404327, Taiwan.
| | - Chengchia Yu
- Institute of Oral medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402306, Taiwan.
| | - Chunhsu Chou
- Dr Jou Biotech Co., Ltd., No. 21, Lugong S. 2nd Rd., Lukang Township, Changhua County 505029, Taiwan.
| | - Changwei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402202, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung City 404327, Taiwan.
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Khatua S, Acharya K. Chemical Characterization and Biological Functions of Hot Alkali-Soluble Crude Polysaccharide from the Water-Insoluble Residue of Macrocybe lobayensis (Agaricomycetes) Fruit Bodies. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:13-23. [PMID: 37585313 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrocybe lobayensis owe popularity in several traditional cultures not only for delectable taste but also for its nutraceutical profile conveying great health benefits. Previous investigations have enumerated several bioactivities of the valuable mushroom such as antioxidant, anti-ageing, immune-modulation, and anti-tumor properties where polysaccharides played the key role. Macrofungi polymers are generally isolated by the conventional hot water process discarding the residue which still contains plenty of therapeutic components. The present study thus aimed to re-use such leftover of the edible macrofungus by immersing it in NaOH solution at high temperature supporting circular economy. Consequently a polysaccharide fraction, namely ML-HAP, was isolated that was found to be consisted of a homogenous heteropolysaccharide with molecular weight of ~ 128 kDa and β-glucan as the chief ingredient as evident by spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, high performance thin-layer chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that the macromolecules possess good radical scavenging, metal ion binding and reducing power. Nevertheless, strong immune-potentiation was also recorded as the extract triggered murine macrophage cell viability, pinocytosis, nitric oxide production and morpho-dynamics within 24 h where the best effect was executed at the level of 100 µg/mL. Altogether, the polysaccharides extracted from M. lobayensis exhibited a potent application prospect in functional food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and health care industries that could raise economic value of the underexplored mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar 741101, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
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Macharia JM, Zhang L, Mwangi RW, Rozmann N, Kaposztas Z, Varjas T, Sugár M, Alfatafta H, Pintér M, Bence RL. Are chemical compounds in medical mushrooms potent against colorectal cancer carcinogenesis and antimicrobial growth? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:379. [PMID: 36457023 PMCID: PMC9714114 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
After cardiovascular diseases, cancer is the second main cause of death globally. Mushrooms have been demonstrated to contain amalgamation with properties capable of inhibiting carcinogenesis and microbial growth, principally secondary metabolites such as quinolones, steroids, terpenes, anthraquinones, and benzoic acid derivatives among others. This study aimed to substantiate their potency concerning colon cancer carcinogenesis and antimicrobial growth. A systematic search of important literature was performed considering all the articles published until April 2022. Screening was performed by searching the BMC Springer, Elsevier, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, and MEDLINE databases. In addition, Google Scholar was used to supplement information. Titles and abstracts that matched the established criteria were selected for full-text article scrutiny and subsequently used in the updated present review. Bioactive compounds present in medicinal mushrooms such as ascorbic acid, organic acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, glycosides, phenols, linoleic acid, grifolin, and tocopherols among other compounds play a key role in suppressing the proliferation of cancerous cells and selectively act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. These metabolites actively scavenge oxygen free radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitrite radicals that would otherwise increase the risks of the growth and development of cancerous cells. Mushrooms' bioactive compounds and metabolites actively inhibit nuclear factor-kappa activation, protein kinase B processes, and ultimately the expression of Cyclooxygenases 2 in cancerous cells. Medicinal mushrooms should be considered as alternative natural chemo-preventive agents in the global fight against colon cancer and the evolution of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, as they exhibit robust potency. They have not been reported to exhibit adverse harmful effects compared to synthetic chemotherapies, yet they have been reported to demonstrate significant beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Macharia
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Lu Zhang
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Ruth W. Mwangi
- grid.129553.90000 0001 1015 7851Doctoral School of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Mushroom Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest City, Hungary ,grid.8301.a0000 0001 0431 4443Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru City, Kenya
| | - Nora Rozmann
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kaposztas
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, City of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Varjas
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Medical School, Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sugár
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Huda Alfatafta
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Márton Pintér
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Raposa L. Bence
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, City of Pécs, Hungary
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Anticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Ganoderma aff. australe against Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314807. [PMID: 36499132 PMCID: PMC9737215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild mushrooms have gained great importance for being a source of biologically active compounds. In this work, we evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble crude polysaccharide extract isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Ganoderma aff. australe (GACP). This mushroom was collected in San Mateo (Boyacá, Colombia) and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization. GACP was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The antiradical and antioxidant activity were evaluated by different methods and its anticancer activity was verified in the osteosarcoma MG-63 human cell line. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis indicated that GACP consisted of β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→ residues. The results of the biological activity showed that GACP exhibited high antioxidant activity in the different methods and models studied. Moreover, the results showed that GACP impaired cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay) and cell proliferation (clonogenic assay) in a dose-response manner on MG-63 cells. The findings of this work promote the use of mushroom-derived compounds as anticancer and antioxidant agents for potential use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Khatua S, Acharya K. Antioxidation and immune-stimulatory actions of cold alkali extracted polysaccharide fraction from Macrocybe lobayensis, a wild edible mushroom. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:247. [PMID: 36033910 PMCID: PMC9411380 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom β-glucans are presently gaining widespread attention, being one of the promising healthy compounds with excellent antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities. Conventionally, hot water extraction procedure is followed to isolate the polymers where the residue is discarded after filtration. However, the remnants still contain plenty of bioactive components that could provide a unique opportunity for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. In this backdrop, the present study was aimed to expand utilization of a popularly edible mushroom, Macrocybe lobayensis, by re-cycling left-over material that has passed through traditional aqueous process. For that, the residue was immersed in alkaline solution followed by ethanol precipitation and repeated washing resulting preparation of a water soluble and partially purified polysaccharidic fraction (ML-CAP). Chemical and molecular characterization by FT-IR, HPTLC, GC-MS, GPC and spectroscopy unveiled that ML-CAP was consisted of a homo-polymer with Mw of ~ 122 kDa. The backbone was mainly composed of β-glucan where galactose was identified as the second most abundant unit. Subsequently, the fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging, chelating ability and reducing power. Furthermore, strong immune enhancing property was also recorded as the polymer, particularly at the concentration of 100 µg/ml, triggered murine macrophage functionality in terms of cell proliferation, phagocytosis, pseudopods formation and nitric oxide production. The study thus advocates for potential application and further extraction of hot water extracted mushroom residue in drug development and nutraceutical industries, as the example of ML-CAP showed promising biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar, West Bengal 741101 India
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
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Lentinula edodes, a Novel Source of Polysaccharides with Antioxidant Power. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091770. [PMID: 36139844 PMCID: PMC9495869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms represent an important source of biologically active polysaccharides. In this study, Lentinula edodes crude polysaccharides (LECP) were extracted in hot water, and their antioxidant and antiradical activities were investigated. The antioxidant activity of LECP was investigated against reactive species such as 1,1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, reducing power with EC50 values of 0.51, 0.52, 2.19, 3.59 and 1.73 mg/mL, respectively. Likewise, LECP inhibited the lipid peroxidation induced in methyl linoleate through the formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde. The main sugar composition of LECP includes mannose, galactose, glucose, fucose and glucuronic acid. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance determined that LECP was made up of α and β glycosidic bonds with a backbone of α-D-Glc, →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and β-D-Manp-(1→ residues. The results showed that LECP can scavenge all reactive species tested in a concentration-dependent manner and with a protective effect in the initial and final stages of lipid peroxidation. The natural antioxidant activity of the LECP that was investigated strengthens the high medicinal and nutritional value of this mushroom.
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Optimization Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Polysaccharide from Chestnut Mushroom ( Agrocybe aegerita) by Accelerated Solvent Extraction Combined with Response Surface Methodology (ASE-RSM). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082380. [PMID: 35458578 PMCID: PMC9027027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work is conducted to investigate the optimal extraction technology of polysaccharide from chestnut mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) using a new method based on accelerated solvent extraction combined with response surface methodology (ASE-RSM). The conventional reflux extraction (CRE) method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method were also carried out. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant activities, including ABTS and DPPH assay, were evaluated. The RSM method, based on a three level and three variable Box–Behnken design (BBD), was developed to obtain the optimal combination of extraction conditions. In brief, the polysaccharide was optimally extracted with water as extraction solvent, extraction temperature of 71 °C, extraction time of 6.5 min, number of cycles of 3, and extraction pressure of 10 MPa. The 3D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. Under the above conditions, the experimental value of polysaccharide yield was 19.77 ± 0.12%, which is in close agreement with the value (19.81%) predicted by the model. These findings demonstrate that ASE-RSM produce much higher polysaccharide and consumed environmentally friendly extraction and solvent systems, have less extraction discrimination and shorter time and provide scientific basis for industrialization of polysaccharide extraction. Moreover, it was proved that the polysaccharide had the potential ability to scavenge ABTS and DPPH.
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11
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Mwangi RW, Macharia JM, Wagara IN, Bence RL. The antioxidant potential of different edible and medicinal mushrooms. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112621. [PMID: 35026489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom consumption has grown extraordinarily owing to their high nutritional value, desirable taste, and aroma. Mushrooms continue generating lots of interest chiefly in their consumption as food, as a cure for different ailments, as well as important goods for commerce throughout the globe owing to their dietary, antioxidant, and therapeutic values. Higher Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes mushrooms have different properties with anticancer and immunological potential. They as well provide vital health benefits and display a wide-ranging continuum of pharmacological effects. The antioxidant activity of different mushrooms was reviewed for different radicals including DPPH, ABTS, OH, Nitrite, metals, and lipid peroxidation. The present review presents pharmacological activities of different species of edible and medicinal mushrooms. This review provides tangible evidence that these mushrooms are an excellent source of natural constituents and antioxidants with potential application in pharmaceuticals and in treating and managing different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth W Mwangi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - John M Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Hungary.
| | - Isabel N Wagara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Raposa L Bence
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Hungary
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Landeta-Salgado C, Cicatiello P, Stanzione I, Medina D, Berlanga Mora I, Gomez C, Lienqueo ME. The growth of marine fungi on seaweed polysaccharides produces cerato-platanin and hydrophobin self-assembling proteins. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126835. [PMID: 34399103 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The marine fungi Paradendryphiela salina and Talaromyces pinophilus degrade and assimilate complex substrates from plants and seaweed. Additionally, these fungi secrete surface-active proteins, identified as cerato-platanins and hydrophobins. These hydrophobic proteins have the ability to self-assemble forming amyloid-like aggregates and play an essential role in the growth and development of the filamentous fungi. It is the first time that one cerato-platanin (CP) is identified and isolated from P. salina (PsCP) and two Class I hydrophobins (HFBs) from T. pinophilus (TpHYD1 and TpHYD2). Furthermore, it is possible to extract cerato-platanins and hydrophobins using marine fungi that can feed on seaweed biomass, and through a submerged liquid fermentation process. The propensity to aggregate of these proteins has been analyzed using different techniques such as Thioflavin T fluorescence assay, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Here, we show that the formation of aggregates of PsCP and TpHYD, was influenced by the carbon source from seaweed. This study highlighted the potential of these self-assembling proteins generated from a fermentation process with marine fungi and with promising properties such as conformational plasticity with extensive applications in biotechnology, pharmacy, nanotechnology, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Landeta-Salgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Paola Cicatiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - David Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Isadora Berlanga Mora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Chemistry Department, University of Valle-Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, 760501, Colombia
| | - María Elena Lienqueo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile.
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Sharma A, Sharma A, Tripathi A. Biological activities of Pleurotus spp. polysaccharides: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13748. [PMID: 33998679 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms are consumed for their nutrients and therapeutic bioactive compounds and are used medicinally in Chinese and Japanese medicine traditions since time immemorial. Members of the genus Pleurotus form a heterogeneous group of edible species with outstanding nutritional profiles rich in fiber, vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, ergosterine, and niacin), micro and macro-elements (phosphorus and iron), and carbohydrates. Pleurotus is one of the most diversified medicinal and edible mushrooms related to the composition of chemical structures such as polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and betalains. The cultivation of Pleurotus spp. on lignocellulosic wastes represents one of the most economically and cost-effective organic recycling processes, especially for the utilization of different feasible and cheap recyclable residues. Also, several Pleurotus spp. have the ability to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater with the action of phenoloxidase activity. Here, we have reviewed the chemistry of such polysaccharides and their reported biological activities, namely, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, antioxidant, etc. The mechanism of action and effects of novel polysaccharides extracted from various species of Pleurotus have been studied. The current study will be beneficial for guiding future research projects on the above concept and investigating more deeply the health of human beings. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mushrooms are one of the most delicious foods around the globe and have many medicinal properties for decades. Various Pleurotus species have been in focus in recent years because of their palatability and medicinal importance too. It contains many bioactive compounds among which polysaccharides are valued to a great extent. Many biological activities are exerted by polysaccharides derived from the Pleurotus spp., namely, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and many more. They are responsible for significant physiological responses in animals, animal-alternative in vitro models, and humans. Their important physicochemical characteristics benefit their use in the food industry as well. So, the biological activities of these Pleurotus spp. polysaccharides will provide an insight to develop Pleurotus spp. as functional foods, because of their nutritional value and presence of bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Astha Tripathi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
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14
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Hydrophobically modified sustainable bio-based polyurethane for controllable release of coated urea. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Tang W, Liu C, Liu J, Hu L, Huang Y, Yuan L, Liu F, Pan S, Chen S, Bian S, Huang X, Yin J, Nie S. Purification of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes water extract by membrane separation and its chemical composition and structure characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Gong P, Wang S, Liu M, Chen F, Yang W, Chang X, Liu N, Zhao Y, Wang J, Chen X. Extraction methods, chemical characterizations and biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides: A mini-review. Carbohydr Res 2020; 494:108037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Antunes F, Marçal S, Taofiq O, M. M. B. Morais A, Freitas AC, C. F. R. Ferreira I, Pintado M. Valorization of Mushroom By-Products as a Source of Value-Added Compounds and Potential Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112672. [PMID: 32526879 PMCID: PMC7321189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the food sector is highly concerned with environmental issues and foreseen to develop strategies to reduce waste and losses resulting from activities developed in the food system. An approach is to increment added value to the agro-industrial wastes, which might provide economic growth and environmental protection, contributing to a circular economy. Mushroom by-products represent a disposal problem, but they are also promising sources of important compounds, which may be used due to their functional and nutritional properties. Research has been developed in different fields to obtain value added solutions for the by-products generated during mushroom production and processing. Bioactive compounds have been obtained and applied in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, other applications have been explored and include animal feed, fertilizer, bioremediation, energy production, bio-based materials, cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant composition of mushroom by-products and discuss their potential as a source of functional compounds and other applications. Future research needs to explore pilot and industrial scale extraction methods to understand the technological feasibility and the economic sustainability of the bioactive compounds extraction and valorization towards different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Antunes
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Sara Marçal
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Oludemi Taofiq
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.T.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Alcina M. M. B. Morais
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.T.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Economou CN, Philippoussis AN, Diamantopoulou PA. Spent mushroom substrate for a second cultivation cycle of Pleurotus mushrooms and dephenolization of agro-industrial wastewaters. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5817841. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus was supplemented with wheat bran and soybean flour and used as substrate for a new cultivation cycle of the oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius. The bioconversion efficiency of mushrooms produced over substrate (BE%) used and the chemical composition of sporophores were evaluated. The concentration of mycelial mass, crude exopolysaccharide content and laccase enzyme activity were also determined at the supplemented SMS before inoculation, at 50% and 100% of colonization stages in the new cultivation and in the final re-utilized SMS. The laccase enzyme was extracted to examine SMS potential for the dephenolization of olive mill and winery wastewaters. Results showed that both Pleurotus species exhibited BE over 185%, demonstrating this bioprocess could represent a promising strategy to convert SMS into nutritional food. Data also indicate the strong positive impact that SMS could have in the solid wastes’ management and agribusiness enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Economou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, GR-14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Antonios N Philippoussis
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, GR-14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Panagiota A Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, GR-14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
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19
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A Review on the Potential Reuse of Functional Polysaccharides Extracted from the By-Products of Mushroom Processing. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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The Effect of Extraction Methods on Preliminary Structural Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Lactarius vividus. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Four polysaccharides (LVP-u, LVP-m, LVP-e, and LVP-h) were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius vividus by an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, microwave-assisted extraction method, enzyme-assisted extraction method, and hot water extraction method, respectively. Then, the effect of extraction methods on yields, preliminary structural properties, and antioxidant activities was systematically investigated using the weighing method, chemical composition analysis, high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), radical scavenging, and metal ion chelating assays. Results demonstrated that the four L. vividus polysaccharides (LVPs) were all combined with protein, and the yield of LVP-u was higher than others. Molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide and amino acid compositions, and microstructures among the four LVPs were significantly different. Moreover, the LVPs showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner, and LVP-e demonstrated better antioxidant activities in superoxide anion radical scavenging activity assays and metal ion chelating activity assays, while LVP-u showed higher activity in its hydroxyl radical scavenging ability.
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21
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Chemical analysis, moisture-preserving, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Pholiota nameko by fractional precipitation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1021-1031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Xu X, Wu P, Wang T, Yan L, Lin M, Chen C. Synergistic effects of surfactant-assisted biodegradation of wheat straw and production of polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:43-50. [PMID: 30677697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current work proposes an innovative wheat straw biomass utilization strategy that connects efficient lignocellulose biodegradation with exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production in I. obliquus under submerged fermentation. The addition of Tween 80 increased the activities of ligninolytic enzymes MnP, LiP and Lac by 1200%, 125% and 39.9%, respectively. When wheat straw lignin recalcitrance was substantially reduced with the aid of Tween 80, I. obliquus was capable of utilizing the substrates and in turn accumulated EPS. The degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 46.1%, 46.4% and 44.1% on Day 9 of growth, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum mycelial biomass and EPS production increased by 23.3% and 142.9%, respectively. The EPS had higher contents of sugar, protein, uronic acid, and mannose ratio, and higher antioxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) and hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China.
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
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23
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Adsorption Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Three Typical Dyes onto Bio-adsorbent Spent Substrate of Pleurotus eryngii. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050679. [PMID: 30813535 PMCID: PMC6427265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dyeing wastewater is very hard to treat, and adsorption could be a good choice. Spent substrate of Pleurotus eryngii (SSPE) was first used to adsorb malachite green, safranine T and methylene blue from aqueous solutions, and the corresponding adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics and dynamics models were simulated. More than 93% of the dyes were removed with solutions with 100 mg/L of initial dye concentration, 1 g of SSPE and pH of 6.0 after adsorption for 4 h. Freundlich isotherm models fit better the adsorption data than Langmuir models. Adsorption of the dyes onto SSPE was a spontaneous exothermic process based on an adsorption thermodynamics model. SSPE could adsorb the dyes rapidly, and a second-order kinetics model fit better with the adsorption data than a pseudo first-order kinetics model. Accordingly, SSPE could be a good bio-adsorbent for the removal of malachite green, safranine T and methylene blue from the aqueous solution.
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24
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Seedevi P, Ramu Ganesan A, Mohan K, Raguraman V, Sivakumar M, Sivasankar P, Loganathan S, Rajamalar P, Vairamani S, Shanmugam A. Chemical structure and biological properties of a polysaccharide isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20472-20482. [PMID: 35514737 PMCID: PMC9065548 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02977j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a polysaccharide obtained from Pleurotus sajor-caju was fractionated via anion-exchange column chromatography and purified using gel permeation column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science
- Periyar University
- Salem
- India
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Department of Food Science and Home Economics
- School of Applied Sciences
- College of Engineering
- Science and Technology
- Fiji National University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Palasundaram Rajamalar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology
- Faculty of Marine Sciences
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - Shanmugam Vairamani
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology
- Faculty of Marine Sciences
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - Annaian Shanmugam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology
- Faculty of Marine Sciences
- Annamalai University
- India
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25
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Preparation, characterization and bioactivities of Athelia rolfsii exopolysaccharide-zinc complex (AEPS-zinc). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from spent Lentinus edodes substrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:976-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Pereira GS, Cipriani M, Wisbeck E, Souza O, Strapazzon JO, Gern RM. Onion juice waste for production of Pleurotus sajor-caju and pectinases. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Wang Q, Wang F, Xu Z, Ding Z. Bioactive Mushroom Polysaccharides: A Review on Monosaccharide Composition, Biosynthesis and Regulation. Molecules 2017; 22:E955. [PMID: 28608797 PMCID: PMC6152739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are widely distributed around the world and are heavily consumed because of their nutritional value and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides (PSs) are an important component of mushrooms, a major factor in their bioactive properties, and have been intensively studied during the past two decades. Monosaccharide composition/combinations are important determinants of PS bioactivities. This review summarizes: (i) monosaccharide composition/combinations in various mushroom PSs, and their relationships with PS bioactivities; (ii) possible biosynthetic pathways of mushroom PSs and effects of key enzymes on monosaccharide composition; (iii) regulation strategies in PS biosynthesis, and prospects for controllable biosynthesis of PSs with enhanced bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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