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Huang Y, Zheng Y, Lu X, Zhao Y, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Liu G. Simulation and Optimization: A New Direction in Supercritical Technology Based Nanomedicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1404. [PMID: 38135995 PMCID: PMC10741229 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanomedicines prepared using supercritical technology have garnered widespread research attention due to their inherent attributes, including structural stability, high bioavailability, and commendable safety profiles. The preparation of these nanomedicines relies upon drug solubility and mixing efficiency within supercritical fluids (SCFs). Solubility is closely intertwined with operational parameters such as temperature and pressure while mixing efficiency is influenced not only by operational conditions but also by the shape and dimensions of the nozzle. Due to the special conditions of supercriticality, these parameters are difficult to measure directly, thus presenting significant challenges for the preparation and optimization of nanomedicines. Mathematical models can, to a certain extent, prognosticate solubility, while simulation models can visualize mixing efficiency during experimental procedures, offering novel avenues for advancing supercritical nanomedicines. Consequently, within the framework of this endeavor, we embark on an extensive review encompassing the application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques within the medical domain of supercritical technology. We undertake the synthesis and discourse of methodologies for calculating drug solubility in SCFs, as well as the influence of operational conditions and experimental apparatus upon the outcomes of nanomedicine preparation using supercritical technology. Through this comprehensive review, we elucidate the implementation procedures and commonly employed models of diverse methodologies, juxtaposing the merits and demerits of these models. Furthermore, we assert the dependability of employing models to compute drug solubility in SCFs and simulate the experimental processes, with the capability to serve as valuable tools for aiding and optimizing experiments, as well as providing guidance in the selection of appropriate operational conditions. This, in turn, fosters innovative avenues for the development of supercritical pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yating Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China;
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Da Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
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Supercritical CO2-assisted Impregnation/Deposition of Polymeric Materials With Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Biomedical Applications: A Review (2015-2021). J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ngo TT, Hoffman L, Hoople GD, Trevena W, Shakya U, Barr G. Surface morphology and drug loading characterization of 3D-printed methacrylate-based polymer facilitated by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Supercritical fluid technology for the development of innovative ophthalmic medical devices: Drug loaded intraocular lenses to mitigate posterior capsule opacification. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:248-256. [PMID: 32112896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical impregnation technology was applied to load acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with methotrexate to produce a sustained drug delivery device to mitigate posterior capsule opacification. Drug release kinetics were studied in vitro and used to determine the drug loading. Loaded IOLs and control IOLs treated under the same operating conditions, but without drug, were implanted ex vivo in human donor capsular bags. The typical cell growth was observed and immunofluorescence staining of three common fibrosis markers, fibronectin, F-actin and α-smooth muscle actin was carried out. Transparent IOLs presenting a sustained release of methotrexate for more than 80 days were produced. Drug loading varying between 0.43 and 0.75 ± 0.03 µgdrug·mg-1IOL were obtained when varying the supercritical impregnation pressure (8 and 25 MPa) and duration (30 and 240 min) at 308 K. The use of ethanol (5 mol%) as a co-solvent did not influence the impregnation efficiency and was even unfavorable at certain conditions. Even if the implantation of methotrexate loaded IOLs did not lead to a statistically significant variation in the duration required for a full cell coverage of the posterior capsule in the human capsular bag model, it was shown to reduce fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. The innovative application presented has the potential to gain clinical relevance.
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