1
|
Pérez-Poyatos LT, Morales-Torres S, Pastrana-Martínez LM, Maldonado-Hódar FJ. The dynamic ethylene adsorption on carbon xerogels as a three-way game between porosity, surface chemistry and humidity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:480-493. [PMID: 39214000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Novel carbon xerogels doped with heteroatoms (O, N, S) were prepared by sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol with heterocyclic aldehydes containing them. All doped materials presented higher O-contents than the reference material prepared with formaldehyde, and significant S- or N-loadings in the corresponding samples. Carbon xerogels were micro-mesoporous and N-doping favoured the formation of mesopores. Their efficiency in the dynamic ethylene adsorption is presented as an interplay between porosity, surface chemistry and humidity. The surface hydrophilicity was also studied by water adsorption assays, a quick adsorption being favoured in microporous samples with hydrophilic O-groups. Breakthrough curves for ethylene adsorption were recorded in both dry and humid conditions and analysed according to the mass transference zone (MTZ). The material behaviour was correlated with the physicochemical properties, elucitating the mechanism of the simultaneous water/ethylene adsorption. The adsorption capacity depended linearly on the microporous characteristics of samples; however, MTZ parameters (efficiency of the column) varied linearly with the electronegativity of the dopant element. Both doping and humidity in the stream hindered the ethylene adsorption kinetic and capacity (up to 33% for N-doped material under humidity compared to undoped-material under dry conditions), due to reduced adsorbate-adsorbent interactions and the accessibility into narrow pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena T Pérez-Poyatos
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Morales-Torres
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Luisa M Pastrana-Martínez
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Maldonado-Hódar
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira ACDJ, Rodrigues CAP, de Almeida MC, Mársico ET, Scalize PS, de Oliveira TF, Solar VA, Valdés H. Ethylene Elimination Using Activated Carbons Obtained from Baru ( Dipteryx alata vog.) Waste and Impregnated with Copper Oxide. Molecules 2024; 29:2717. [PMID: 38930782 PMCID: PMC11206033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a plant hormone regulator that stimulates chlorophyll loss and promotes softening and aging, resulting in a deterioration and reduction in the post-harvest life of fruit. Commercial activated carbons have been used as ethylene scavengers during the storage and transportation of a great variety of agricultural commodities. In this work, the effect of the incorporation of copper oxide over activated carbons obtained from baru waste was assessed. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the amount of ethylene removed using activated carbon obtained from baru waste and impregnated with copper oxide (1667 μg g-1) was significantly increased in comparison to the raw activated carbon (1111 μg g-1). In addition, carbon impregnated with copper oxide exhibited better adsorption performance at a low ethylene concentration. Activated carbons produced from baru waste are promising candidates to be used as adsorbents in the elimination of ethylene during the storage and transportation of agricultural commodities at a lower cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Sérgio Scalize
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-220, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Andrés Solar
- Clean Technologies Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Héctor Valdés
- Clean Technologies Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Regadera-Macías AM, Morales-Torres S, Pastrana-Martínez LM, Maldonado-Hódar FJ. Optimizing filters of activated carbons obtained from biomass residues for ethylene removal in agro-food industry devices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118247. [PMID: 38253198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A series of adsorbents (activated carbons, ACs) were synthesized by physical and chemical activation of olive stones (OS) and their textural and chemical characteristics determined by complementary techniques such as N2 and CO2 physisorption, pH of the point zero of charge (pHPZC), HRSEM or XPS. Samples with a wide range of physicochemical properties were obtained by fitting the activation procedure. The performance of these adsorbents in filters working under dynamic conditions was studied by determining the corresponding breakthrough curves for the ethylene removal. The physicochemical transformations of OS during activation were related with the adsorptive performance of derivative ACs. Results were compared to those obtained using commercial carbons, in particular ACs, carbon black or carbon fibers, in order to identify the properties of these materials on influencing the adsorptive performance. In general, ACs from OS perform better than the commercial samples, being also easily regenerated and properly used during consecutive adsorption cycles. CO2-activation showed to be the best synthesis option, leading to granular ACs with a suitable microporosity and surface chemistry. These results could favour the integration of this type of inexpensive materials on devices for the preservation of climacteric fruits, in a clear example of circular economy by reusing the agricultural residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Regadera-Macías
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemicals Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, ES18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Morales-Torres
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemicals Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, ES18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Pastrana-Martínez
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemicals Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, ES18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Maldonado-Hódar
- NanoTech - Nanomaterials and Sustainable Chemicals Technologies, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, ES18071, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kałamaga A, Wróbel RJ. The Impact of N/O-Functional Groups on the Sorption Capabilities of Activated Carbons Derived from Furfuryl Alcohol. Molecules 2024; 29:987. [PMID: 38474499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work describes the effect of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups on the sorption properties of activated carbons produced from furfuryl alcohol. The poly(furfuryl) alcohol underwent carbonization in nitrogen, ammonia, and ammonia and air (in a 3:2 proportion) atmospheres at 600 °C for 4 h. The resulting materials were subsequently activated in a carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1 h at temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) findings suggest that ammoxidation is superior to amination in terms of nitrogen doping. The maximum nitrogen concentration achieved after ammoxidation was 25 at.%, which decreased to 4 at.% after activation. Additionally, it was observed that oxygen functional groups have a greater impact on porous structure development compared to nitrogen functional groups. The materials activated through carbonization under an ammonia/air atmosphere attained the highest oxygen concentration of roughly 19 at.% as confirmed by XPS. The materials were evaluated for their sorption capacities for carbon dioxide and ethylene, which were 2.2 mmol/g and 2.9 mmol/g, respectively, at 30 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kałamaga
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 17 Ave., 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał J Wróbel
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 17 Ave., 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Influence of NH 4NO 3 and NH 4ClO 4 on Porous Structure Development of Activated Carbons Produced from Furfuryl Alcohol. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227860. [PMID: 36431960 PMCID: PMC9695850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of NH4NO3 and NH4ClO4 on the porous texture and structure development of activated carbons produced from a non-porous polymeric precursor synthesized from furfuryl alcohol has been studied. The non-doped counterparts were prepared and studied for comparison purposes. NH4NO3 and NH4ClO4-doped polymers were carbonized under N2 atmosphere at 600 °C, followed by CO2 activation at 1000 °C and the obtained carbon materials and activated carbons were thoroughly characterized. The porosity characterization data have shown that NH4NO3-derived ACs present the highest specific surface area (up to 1523 m2/g in the experimental conditions studied), and the resulting porosity distributions are strongly dependent on the activation conditions. Thus, 1 h activation is optimum for the microporosity development, whereas larger activation times lead to micropores enlargement and conversion into mesopores. The type of doping salts used also has a substantial impact on the surface chemical composition, i.e., C=O groups. Moreover, NH4NO3 and NH4ClO4 constitute good sources of nitrogen. The type and contribution of nitrogen species are dependent on the preparation conditions. Quaternary nitrogen only appears in doped samples prepared by carbonization and pyrrolic, pyrydinic, and nitrogen oxide groups appear in the NH4NO3 -series. NH4NO3 incorporation has led to optimized materials towards CO2 and C2H4 sorption with just 1 h activation time.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji Y, Zhang X, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Li S, Gu J, Hu H, Cheng G. Silk Sericin Enrichment through Electrodeposition and Carbonous Materials for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1668. [PMID: 35163591 PMCID: PMC8836085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling and reuse of biomass waste for the preparation of carbon-based adsorbents is a sustainable development strategy that has a positive environmental impact. It is well known that a large amount of silk sericin (SS) is dissolved in the wastewater from the silk industry. Utilizing the SS instead of discharging it into the environment without further treatment would reduce environmental and ecological problems. However, effective enrichment of the SS from the aqueous solution is a challenge. Here, with the help of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), which can form a gel structure under low voltage, an SS/CMCS hydrogel with SS as the major component was prepared via electrodeposition at a 3 V direct-current (DC) voltage for five minutes. Following a carbonization process, an SS-based adsorbent with good performance for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution was prepared. Our results reveal that the SS/CMCS hydrogel maintains a porous architecture before and after carbonization. Such structure provides abundant adsorption sites facilitating the adsorption of MB molecules, with a maximum adsorptive capacity of 231.79 mg/g. In addition, it suggests that the adsorption is an exothermic process, has a good fit with the Langmuir model, and follows the intra-particle diffusion model. The presented work provides an economical and feasible path for the treatment of wastewater from dyeing and printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.J.); (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.J.); (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.J.); (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Yuting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.J.); (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Shiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.J.); (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Jie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; (J.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; (J.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Guotao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.J.); (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|