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Shahnazarova G, Al Hoda Al Bast N, Ramirez JC, Nogues J, Esteve J, Fraxedas J, Serra A, Esplandiu MJ, Sepulveda B. Fe/Au galvanic nanocells to generate self-sustained Fenton reactions without additives at neutral pH. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2206-2216. [PMID: 38415289 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction has received significant attention for widespread applications. This reaction can be triggered by zero-valent metal nanoparticles by converting externally added H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) in acidic media. To avoid the addition of external additives or energy supply, developing self-sustained catalytic systems enabling onsite production of H2O2 at a neutral pH is crucial. Here, we present novel galvanic nanocells (GNCs) based on metallic Fe/Au bilayers on arrays of nanoporous silica nanostructures for the generation of self-sustained Fenton reactions. These GNCs exploit the large electrochemical potential difference between the Fe and Au layers to enable direct H2O2 production and efficient release of Fe2+ in water at neutral pH, thereby triggering the Fenton reaction. Additionally, the GNCs promote Fe2+/Fe3+ circulation and minimize side reactions that passivate the iron surface to enhance their reactivity. The capability to directly trigger the Fenton reaction in water at pH 7 is demonstrated by the fast degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants, by using tiny amounts of catalyst. The self-generated H2O2 and its transformation into ˙OH in a neutral environment provide a promising route not only in environmental remediation but also to produce therapeutic ROS and address the limitations of Fenton catalytic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubakhanim Shahnazarova
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nour Al Hoda Al Bast
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica C Ramirez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Nogues
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
| | - Jordi Fraxedas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Serra
- Grup d'Electrodeposició de Capes Primes i Nanoestructures (GE-CPN), Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria J Esplandiu
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Borja Sepulveda
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
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Xue W, Shi X, Guo J, Wen S, Lin W, He Q, Gao Y, Wang R, Xu Y. Affecting factors and mechanism of removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and modified nZVI: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121309. [PMID: 38367381 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genetic pollution have become a global environmental and health concern recently, with frequent detection in various environmental media. Therefore, finding ways to control antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is urgently needed. Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has shown a positive effect on antibiotics degradation and restraining ARGs, making it a promising solution for controlling antibiotics and ARGs. However, given the current increasingly fragmented research focus and results, a comprehensive review is still lacking. In this work, we first introduce the origin and transmission of antibiotics and ARGs in various environmental media, and then discuss the affecting factors during the degradation of antibiotics and the control of ARGs by nZVI and modified nZVI, including pH, nZVI dose, and oxidant concentration, etc. Then, the mechanisms of antibiotic and ARGs removal promoted by nZVI are also summarized. In general, the mechanism of antibiotic degradation by nZVI mainly includes adsorption and reduction, while promoting the biodegradation of antibiotics by affecting the microbial community. nZVI can also be combined with persulfates to degrade antibiotics through advanced oxidation processes. For the control of ARGs, nZVI not only changes the microbial community structure, but also affects the proliferation of ARGs through affecting the fate of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Finally, some new ideas on the application of nZVI in the treatment of antibiotic resistance are proposed. This paper provides a reference for research and application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Siqi Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Weilong Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Qi He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Rongzhong Wang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Heng yang 421001, PR China
| | - Yiqun Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Liu M, Ye Y, Xu L, Gao T, Zhong A, Song Z. Recent Advances in Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI)-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Applications, Mechanisms, and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2830. [PMID: 37947676 PMCID: PMC10647831 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The fast rise of organic pollution has posed severe health risks to human beings and toxic issues to ecosystems. Proper disposal toward these organic contaminants is significant to maintain a green and sustainable development. Among various techniques for environmental remediation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can non-selectively oxidize and mineralize organic contaminants into CO2, H2O, and inorganic salts using free radicals that are generated from the activation of oxidants, such as persulfate, H2O2, O2, peracetic acid, periodate, percarbonate, etc., while the activation of oxidants using catalysts via Fenton-type reactions is crucial for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., •OH, •SO4-, •O2-, •O3CCH3, •O2CCH3, •IO3, •CO3-, and 1O2. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), with a core of Fe0 that performs a sustained activation effect in AOPs by gradually releasing ferrous ions, has been demonstrated as a cost-effective, high reactivity, easy recovery, easy recycling, and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst of AOPs. The combination of nZVI and AOPs, providing an appropriate way for the complete degradation of organic pollutants via indiscriminate oxidation of ROS, is emerging as an important technique for environmental remediation and has received considerable attention in the last decade. The following review comprises a short survey of the most recent reports in the applications of nZVI participating AOPs, their mechanisms, and future prospects. It contains six sections, an introduction into the theme, applications of persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and other oxidants-based AOPs catalyzed with nZVI, and conclusions about the reported research with perspectives for future developments. Elucidation of the applications and mechanisms of nZVI-based AOPs with various oxidants may not only pave the way to more affordable AOP protocols, but may also promote exploration and fabrication of more effective and sustainable nZVI materials applicable in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Recycling & Comprehensive Utilization of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Waste of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuyuan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Linli Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zhenjun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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Mehralipour J, Darvishali S, Bagheri S, Kermani M. Photocatalytic-ozonation process in oxytetracycline degradation in aqueous solution: composite characterization, optimization, energy consumption, and by-products. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11113. [PMID: 37429926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, we synthesized BiOI/NH2-MIL125(Ti) via solvo-thermal method to investigation of oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation in photocatalytic-ozonation process. The results of the XRD, FESEM, EDAX, FTIR, UV-Vis, TEM, XPS, and BET analyzes indicated that the catalyst BiOI/MOF was synthesized with excellent quality. Design of experiment (DOE), ANOVA statistical analysis, interaction of parameters and predicated optimum condition was done based on CCD. The effect of catalyst dose (0.25-0.5 mg/l), pH (4-8), reaction time (30-60 min) and O3 concentration (20-40 mN) at 10 mg/l of OTC on PCO/O3 process was optimized. Based on P-value and F-value coefficients (0.0001, 450.3 respectively) the model of OTC (F-value = 2451.04) and (P-value = 0.0001) coefficients, the model of COD removal was quadratic model. Under optimum condition pH 8.0, CD = 0.34 mg/l, RT = 56 min and O3 concentration = 28.7 mN, 96.2 and 77.2% of OTC and COD removed, respectively. The reduction of TOC was 64.2% in optimal conditions, which is less than the reduction of COD and OTC. The kinetics of reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetic (R2 = 0.99). Synergistic effect coefficient was 1.31 that indicated ozonation, presence of catalyst and photolysis had a synergistic effect on OTC removal. The stability and reusability of the catalyst in six consecutive operating steps was acceptable and 7% efficiency decreased only. Cations (Mg2+, and Ca2+), SO42- had no influence on performing the process, but other anions, organic scavengers, and nitrogen gas, had an inhibitory effect. Finally, the OTC degradation probably pathway includes direct and indirect oxidation that decarboxylation, hydroxylation, demethylation and were the main mechanism in OTC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Mehralipour
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Darvishali
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Bagheri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jia W, Song J, Wang J, Li J, Li X, Wang Q, Chen X, Liu G, Yan Q, Zhou C, Xin S, Xin Y. Fenton oxidation treatment of oxytetracycline fermentation residues: Harmless performance and bioresource properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139201. [PMID: 37348618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical factories of oxytetracycline (OTC) massively produce OTC fermentation residues (OFRs). The high content of residual OTC and antibiotic resistance genes in OFRs must to be considered and controlled at an acceptable level. This study therefore investigated the applicability of Fenton oxidation in OTC degradation and resistant gene inactivation of OFRs. The results revealed that Fe2+ as catalyzer could very rapidly activate H2O2 to produce HO•, leading to instantaneous degradation of OTC. The optimum conditions for OTC removal were 60 mM H2O2 and 140 mg/L Fe2+ under pH 7. After Fenton oxidation treatment, the release of water-soluble polysaccharides, NO3-N, and PO4-P was enhanced, whereas for proteins and NH3-N were reduced. Three soluble fluorescence components (humic, tryptophan-like, and humic acid-like substances) were identified through fluorescence spectra with parallel factor analysis, and their reduction exceeded 50% after Fenton oxidation. There were twelve intermediates and three degradation pathways of OTC in OFRs during Fenton process. According to toxicity prediction, the comprehensive toxicity of OTC in OFRs was alleviated via Fenton oxidation treatment. In addition, Fenton oxidation showed the ability to reduce antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, and even tetO, tetG, intI1, and intI2 were eliminated completely. These results suggested that Fenton oxidation treatment could be an efficient strategy for removing OTC and resistance genes in OFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Jia
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jiaying Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xue Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Qinghua Yan
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yanjun Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Adsorption modeling of tetracycline removal by multi-walled carbon nanotube functionalized with aspartic acid and poly-pyrrole using Bayesian optimized artificial neural network. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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7
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Preparation and characterization of bimetallic zero-valent iron nanocatalysts for nitrophenol degradation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Chen Y, Jiao X, Du M, Li R, Wei Y, Zhang Y. Electrochemically promoted oxidation of oxytetracycline on MnO2@(PSS/PDDA)Au anode with peroxymonosulfate: Mechanism and toxicity study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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9
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Nguyen CH, Tran TTV, Tran ML, Juang RS. Facile synthesis of reusable Ag/TiO2 composites for efficient removal of antibiotic oxytetracycline under UV and solar light irradiation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Morphological and structural analysis of Fe/Sn bimetal system and graphene oxide–chitosan modified Fe/Sn composite: a comparative study and their mechanistic role in degradative fixation of chlorazol black and reactive blue 4 from water. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-023-02366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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11
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Green and facile synthesis of heterojunction nanocatalyst: Insights and mechanism of antibiotics removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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High-performance Removal of Tetracycline Enabled by Fe0 Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon@ZIF-8. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Li X, Gan T, Zhang J, Shi Z, Liu Z, Xiao Z. High-capacity removal of oxytetracycline hydrochloride from wastewater via Mikania micrantha Kunth-derived biochar modified by Zn/Fe-layered double hydroxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127646. [PMID: 35868467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination in water has been an increasing global concern, and how to effectively remove antibiotics (e.g., oxytetracycline [OTC] hydrochloride) from wastewater becomes imperative. In this study, the biochar derived from an invasive plant (Mikania micrantha Kunth) was synthesized with Zn/Fe- layered double hydroxide (LDH) by co-precipitation method (ZnFe-LDH/MBC) to remove OTC from water. ZnFe-LDH/MBC posed the highest OTC removal performance of 426.61 mg/g. ZnFe-LDH/MBC exhibited stability and efficiency in OTC adsorption at different pH levels and under interfering conditions with co-existing ions, as well as outstanding regeneration capabilities during adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the removal of OTC by ZnFe-LDH/MBC was mediated by several processes including pore filling, hydrogen bonding force, electrostatic interaction, π-π interaction, as well as complexation. Consequently, ZnFe-LDH/MBC has excellent potential for the purification of OTC pollutants that is low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhaoji Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Jin X, Li H, Zhu X, Li N, Owens G, Chen Z. Enhanced removal of oxytetracycline from wastewater using bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles combined with ZIF-8 nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115526. [PMID: 35724576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of metal-organic frameworks with other functional materials has recently emerged as a promising approach for creating innovative materials for environmental remediation. Here, a nano-sized iron/nickel (Fe/Ni) functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8-Fe/Ni) was fabricated for oxytetracycline (OTC) removal from wastewater. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric I-t measurements indicated that OTC was degraded by ZIF-8-Fe/Ni. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), transmission electron microscopy mapping (TEM-mapping) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that Fe/Ni was evenly dispersed throughout ZIF-8 and partially oxidized after reaction with OTC. OTC adsorption isotherms and kinetics best fitted the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.982) and pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.997), respectively. Reduction kinetics data followed the pseudo-first-order model (R2 > 0.905), where the apparent activation energy (Ea) was 22.9 kJ mol-1, demonstrating that OTC degradation was mainly via a chemical process. The practical removal efficiency of OTC from real wastewater by ZIF-8-Fe/Ni was 92.6%, where even after application of ZIF-8-Fe/Ni for 5 consecutive removal cycles, a high OTC removal of 74.9% was maintained. Thus ZIF-8-Fe/Ni exhibited both high removal efficiency and good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China
| | - Heng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiuduan Zhu
- Nanping Water and Soil Conservation Center, Nanping, 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australian, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China.
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15
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Yang Y, Xu X, Zhang S, Wang G, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Xian J, Li T, Pu Y, Zhou W, Xiang G. Two novel and efficient plant composites for the degradation of oxytetracycline: nanoscale ferrous sulphide supported on rape straw waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63545-63559. [PMID: 35461415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a biomass waste, rape straw shows a good application prospect in heterogeneous catalyst preparation due to its low-cost and stable structure. In this study, FeS-modified rape straw (RS-FeS) and its biochar (RSBC-FeS) were firstly synthesized to remove oxytetracycline (OTC). The highest OTC removal capacities observed for RS-FeS and RSBC-FeS were 635.66 and 827.80 mg g-1. When compared with the adsorption process, the degradation ratios of the total OTC removal capacity observed in the RS-FeS/H2O2 and RSBC-FeS/H2O2 systems were 70.14 and 79.35%. Degradation was the dominant process observed during the removal of OTC. Both radical (SO4•-, •OH, and O2•-) and non-radical (1O2 and Ov) pathways were involved in the degradation process. OTC was degraded into smaller molecules via hydroxylation, dehydration, quinonization, demethylation, decarbonylation, alcohol oxidation, and ring cleavage reaction, indicating two catalysts could efficiently mineralize organic pollutants. The highest total organic carbon removal efficiencies of observed for RS-FeS and RSBC-FeS in swine wastewater were 88.93 and 96.81%, respectively. In addition, OTC removal efficiency of RS-FeS was more than 80% in successive experiments, further suggesting the feasibility of rape straw to Fenton-like catalysts. In this study, FeS nanoparticles were directly loaded on rape straw for the first time. Compared with biochar, FeS-modified rape straw can also degrade OTC efficiently, which provides an eco-friendly, high-efficient, and sustainable strategy for the preparation of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junren Xian
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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16
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Pal S, Ahamed Z, Pal P. Removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutically active compounds from water Environment: Experiments towards industrial scale up. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Chlorinated organic solvents (COSs) are a significant threat to human beings. In this study, nanoscale bimetallic Ni/Fe particles were synthesized from the reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with the reduction of Ni2+ and Fe2+ in an aqueous solution. The synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Ni-nZVI were characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffractometer), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The removal performance of trichloroethylene (TCE) over the nZVI catalyst and Ni-nZVI was evaluated. Ni-nZVI with different Ni contents exhibited good reactivity towards the dechlorination of TCE over a 1h period, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant for TCE dechlorination by Ni-nZVI was 1.4–3.5 times higher than that of nZVI. Ni-nZVI with 5 wt% Ni contents exhibited the best dechlorination effect; the removal rates of TCE and its by-product dichloroethylene (DCE) were 100% and 63.69%, respectively. These results indicated that the Ni nanoparticles as the second dopant metal were better than nZVI for TCE degradation. This determination of the optimal Ni-NZVI load ratio provides a factual and theoretical basis for the subsequent application of nano-metal binding in the environment.
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18
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Jiang Y, Ran J, Mao K, Yang X, Zhong L, Yang C, Feng X, Zhang H. Recent progress in Fenton/Fenton-like reactions for the removal of antibiotics in aqueous environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113464. [PMID: 35395600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The frequent use of antibiotics allows them to enter aqueous environments via wastewater, and many types of antibiotics accumulate in the environment due to difficult degradation, causing a threat to environmental health. It is crucial to adopt effective technical means to remove antibiotics in aqueous environments. The Fenton reaction, as an effective organic pollution treatment technology, is particularly suitable for the treatment of antibiotics, and at present, it is one of the most promising advanced oxidation technologies. Specifically, rapid Fenton oxidation, which features high removal efficiency, thorough reactions, negligible secondary pollution, etc., has led to many studies on using the Fenton reaction to degrade antibiotics. This paper summarizes recent progress on the removal of antibiotics in aqueous environments by Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. First, the applications of various Fenton and Fenton-like oxidation technologies to the removal of antibiotics are summarized; then, the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are further summarized. Compared with Fenton oxidation, Fenton-like oxidations exhibit milder reaction conditions, wider application ranges, great reduction in economic costs, and great improved cycle times, in addition to simple and easy recycling of the catalyst. Finally, based on the above analysis, we discuss the potential for the removal of antibiotics under different application scenarios. This review will enable the selection of a suitable Fenton system to treat antibiotics according to practical conditions and will also aid the development of more advanced Fenton technologies for removing antibiotics and other organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jiabing Ran
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, China
| | - Changying Yang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
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19
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Cu-MOF for effectively organic pollutants degradation and E. coli inactivation via catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Point of need simultaneous biosensing of pharmaceutical micropollutants with binder free conjugation of manganese stannate micro-rods on reduced graphene oxide in real-time analysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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MFO@NZVI/hydrogel for sulfasalazine degradation: Performance, mechanism and degradation pathway. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Xue W, Cao S, Zhu J, Li W, Li J, Huang D, Wang R, Gao Y. Stabilization of cadmium in contaminated sediment based on a nanoremediation strategy: Environmental impacts and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132363. [PMID: 34826961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have great application potential for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sediments, but their environmental impacts are still limited. Herein, graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (GNZVI) was synthesized to explore its role in mediating the immobilization of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated river sediments, with the consideration of the potential impacts on sediment enzyme activities and bacterial community. Compared to NZVI and GO, GNZVI could more effectively promote the transformation of mobile Cd into stable speciation with a maximum residual percentage increasing by 64.82% after 56 days of treatment. The activities of urease, catalase and sucrase were gradually increased and stabilized with the prolongation of treatment time, indicating that the metabolic function of sediments was recovered. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing results confirmed that the application of GNZVI increased the abundance of some Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, further stimulating the bioavailability of organic matter. Additionally, the properties of GO were gradually changed via microbial reduction and finally showed similar properties to rGO. The critical role of rGO as an electrical conductor was to promote the electron transfer process of microbial Fe(III) mineral reduction, which redistributes part of the Fe(III) mineral-associated Cd to more stable secondary iron minerals, thereby further improving the stabilization efficiency of r-GNZVI for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Wanyao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Rongzhong Wang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Heng yang, 421001, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, PR China
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23
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Xu H. Exploration of the degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin in water by nano zero-valent iron combined with activated carbon and nickel. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Ma D, Yi H, Lai C, Liu X, Huo X, An Z, Li L, Fu Y, Li B, Zhang M, Qin L, Liu S, Yang L. Critical review of advanced oxidation processes in organic wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130104. [PMID: 33984911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of industrial society, organic wastewater produced by industrial manufacturing has caused many environmental problems. The vast majority of organic pollutants in water bodies are persistent in the environment, posing a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, efficient treatment methods for highly concentrated organic wastewater are urgently needed. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely noticed in the area of treating organic wastewater. Compared with other chemical methods, AOPs have the characteristics of high oxidation efficiency and no secondary pollution. In this paper, the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of AOPs are comprehensively reviewed. Besides, the basic principles of combining different AOPs to enhance the treatment efficiency are described. Furthermore, the applications of AOPs in various wastewater treatments, such as oily wastewater, dyeing wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, and landfill leachate, are also presented. Finally, we conclude that the main direction in the future of AOPs are the modification of catalysts and the optimization of operating parameters, with the challenges focusing on industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsheng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Xigui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xiuqin Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ziwen An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yukui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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25
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Song H, Liu W, Meng F, Yang Q, Guo N. Efficient Sequestration of Hexavalent Chromium by Graphene-Based Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Composite Coupled with Ultrasonic Pretreatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115921. [PMID: 34072969 PMCID: PMC8197979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has attracted considerable attention for its potential to sequestrate and immobilize heavy metals such as Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution. However, nZVI can be easily oxidized and agglomerate, which strongly affects the removal efficiency. In this study, graphene-based nZVI (nZVI/rGO) composites coupled with ultrasonic (US) pretreatment were studied to solve the above problems and conduct the experiments of Cr(VI) removal from an aqueous solution. SEM-EDS, BET, XRD, and XPS were performed to analyze the morphology and structures of the composites. The findings showed that the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) in 30 min was increased from 45.84% on nZVI to 78.01% on nZVI/rGO and the removal process performed coupled with ultrasonic pretreatment could greatly shorten the reaction time to 15 min. Influencing factors such as the initial pH, temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and co-existing anions were studied. The results showed that the initial pH was a principal factor. The presence of HPO42−, NO3−, and Cl− had a strong inhibitory effect on this process, while the presence of SO42− promoted the reactivity of nZVI/rGO. Combined with the above results, the process of Cr(VI) removal in US-nZVI/rGO system consisted of two phases: (1) The initial stage is dominated by solution reaction. Cr(VI) was reduced in the solution by Fe2+ caused by ultrasonic cavitation. (2) In the following processes, adsorption, reduction, and coprecipitation coexisted. The addition of rGO enhanced electron transportability weakened the influence of passivation layers and improved the dispersion of nZVI particles. Ultrasonic cavitation caused pores and corrosion at the passivation layers and fresh Fe0 core was exposed, which improved the reactivity of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (H.S.); (W.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (H.S.); (W.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Fansheng Meng
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
| | - Qi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (H.S.); (W.L.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Niandong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (H.S.); (W.L.); (N.G.)
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