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Manickavasagam G, He C, Lin KYA, Saaid M, Oh WD. Recent advances in catalyst design, performance, and challenges of metal-heteroatom-co-doped biochar as peroxymonosulfate activator for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118919. [PMID: 38631468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of global water pollution due to emerging pollutants has gained significant attention. To address this issue, catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation technology has emerged as a promising treatment approach for effectively decontaminating a wide range of pollutants. Recently, modified biochar has become an increasingly attractive as PMS activator. Metal-heteroatom-co-doped biochar (MH-BC) has emerged as a promising catalyst that can provide enhanced performance over heteroatom-doped and metal-doped biochar due to the synergism between metal and heteroatom in promoting PMS activation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the fabrication pathways (i.e., internal vs external doping and pre-vs post-modification) and key parameters (i.e., source of precursors, synthesis methods, and synthesis conditions) affecting the performance of MH-BC as PMS activator. Subsequently, an overview of all the possible PMS activation pathways by MH-BC is provided. Subsequently, Also, the detection, identification, and quantification of several reactive species (such as, •OH, SO4•-, O2•-, 1O2, and high valent oxo species) generated in the catalytic PMS system by MH-BC are also evaluated. Lastly, the underlying challenges associated with poor stability, the lack of understanding regarding the interaction between metal and heteroatom during PMS activation and quantification of radicals in multi-ROS system are also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mardiana Saaid
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Huang J, Zhu Y, Bian H, Song L, Liu Y, Lv Y, Ye X, Lin C, Li X. Insights into Enhanced Peroxydisulfate Activation with B and Fe Co-Doped Biochar from Bark for the Rapid Degradation of Guaiacol. Molecules 2023; 28:7591. [PMID: 38005313 PMCID: PMC10674898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A boron and iron co-doped biochar (B-Fe/biochar) from Masson pine bark was fabricated and used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the degradation of guaiacol (GL). The roles of the dopants and the contribution of the radical and non-radical oxidations were investigated. The results showed that the doping of boron and iron significantly improved the catalytic activity of the biochar catalyst with a GL removal efficiency of 98.30% within 30 min. The degradation of the GL mainly occurred through the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OHs) and electron transfer on the biochar surface, and a non-radical degradation pathway dominated by direct electron transfer was proposed. Recycling the B-Fe/biochar showed low metal leaching from the catalyst and satisfactory long-term stability and reusability, providing potential insights into the use of metal and non-metal co-doped biochar catalysts for PDS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Liang Song
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yifan Liu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuancai Lv
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chunxiang Lin
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
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Li J, Shi Q, Sun M, Liu J, Zhao R, Chen J, Wang X, Liu Y, Gong W, Liu P, Chen K. Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Facile Fabrication of α-MnO 2 for Rhodamine B Degradation: Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114388. [PMID: 37298863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The persulfate-based advanced oxidation process has been an effective method for refractory organic pollutants' degradation in aqueous phase. Herein, α-MnO2 with nanowire morphology was facially fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal method and successfully activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. Influencing factors, including the hydrothermal parameter, PMS concentration, α-MnO2 dosage, RhB concentration, initial pH, and anions, were systematically investigated. The corresponding reaction kinetics were further fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetic. The RhB degradation mechanism via α-MnO2 activating PMS was proposed according to a series of quenching experiments and the UV-vis scanning spectrum. Results showed that α-MnO2 could effectively activate PMS to degrade RhB and has good repeatability. The catalytic RhB degradation reaction was accelerated by increasing the catalyst dosage and the PMS concentration. The effective RhB degradation performance can be attributed to the high content of surface hydroxyl groups and the greater reducibility of α-MnO2, and the contribution of different ROS (reactive oxygen species) was 1O2 > O2·- > SO4·- > ·OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexiu Li
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qixu Shi
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Maiqi Sun
- International Education College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jianjing Chen
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiangfei Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weijin Gong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Ecology & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kongyao Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
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Zhang R, Zhang ZX, Wang F, Chen D. Singlet oxygen-dominated non-radical oxidation in biochar/peroxymonosulfate system for efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride: Surface site and catalytic mechanism. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Jiang T, Wang B, Gao B, Cheng N, Feng Q, Chen M, Wang S. Degradation of organic pollutants from water by biochar-assisted advanced oxidation processes: Mechanisms and applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130075. [PMID: 36209607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has shown large potential in environmental remediation because of its low cost, large specific surface area, porosity, and high conductivity. Biochar-assisted advanced oxidation processes (BC-AOPs) have recently attracted increasing attention to the remediation of organic pollutants from water. However, the effects of biochar properties on catalytic performance need to be further explored. There are still controversial and knowledge gaps in the reaction mechanisms of BC-AOPs, and regeneration methods of biochar catalysts are lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the latest research progress of BC-AOPs in the treatment of organic pollutants in water. In this review, first of all, the effects of biochar properties on catalytic activity are summarized. The biochar properties can be optimized by changing the feedstocks, preparation conditions, and modification methods. Secondly, the catalytic active sites and degradation mechanisms are explored in different BC-AOPs. Different influencing factors on the degradation process are analyzed. Then, the applications of BC-AOPs in environmental remediation and regeneration methods of different biochar catalysts are summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of biochar catalysts in environmental remediation are put forward, and some suggestions for future development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
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Wang Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Bai S, Ma F. Phase transformation-driven persulfate activation by coupled Fe/N-biochar for bisphenol a degradation: Pyrolysis temperature-dependent catalytic mechanisms and effect of water matrix components. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120296. [PMID: 36181933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe-N co-doped biochar is recently an emerging carbocatalyst for persulfate activation in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). However, the involved catalytic mechanisms remain controversial and distinct effects of coexisting water components are still not very clear. Herein, we reported a novel N-doped biochar-coupled crystallized Fe phases composite (Fe@N-BC800) as efficient and low-cost peroxydisulfate (PDS) activators to degrade bisphenol A (BPA), and the underlying influencing mechanism of coexisting inorganic anions (IA) and humic constituent. Due to the formation of graphitized nanosheets with high defects (AI index>0.5, ID/IG = 1.02), Fe@N-BC800 exhibited 2.039, 5.536, 8.646, and 23.154-fold higher PDS catalytic activity than that of Fe@N-BC600, Fe@N-BC400, N-BC, BC. Unlike radical pathway driven by carbonyl group and pyrrolic N of low/mid-temperature Fe@N-BCs. The defective graphitized nanosheets and Fe-Nx acted separately as electron transfer and radical pathway active sites of Fe@N-BC800, where π-π sorption assisted with pyrrolic N and pore-filling facilitated BPA degradation. The strong inhibitory effects of PO43- and NO2- were ascribed to competitive adsorption of phosphate (61.11 mg g-1) and nitrate (23.99 mg g-1) on Fe@N-BC800 via electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. In contrast, HA competed for the pyrrolic-N site and hindered electron delivery. Moreover, BPA oxidation pathways initiated by secondary free radicals were proposed. The study facilitates a thorough understanding of the intrinsic properties of designed biochar and contributes new insights into the fate of degradation byproducts formed from ISCO treatment of micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Cao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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Wu Q, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu H, Tao J, Cui MH, Zheng Z, Wen D, Zhan X. Fe xN produced in pharmaceutical sludge biochar by endogenous Fe and exogenous N doping to enhance peroxymonosulfate activation for levofloxacin degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119022. [PMID: 36099758 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For preparing high performance biochar to be applicated in persulfate-based oxidation treatment of wastewater, the feasibility of deriving Fe-N biochar from pharmaceutical sludge by endogenous Fe and exogenous N doping was investigated. With exogenous urea doping, FexN contained biochar (PZBC800U) was successfully derived from endogenous Fe(OH)3 contained pharmaceutical sludge. PZBC800U effectively activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove 80 mg·L-1 levofloxacin (LEV) within 90 min. The main mechanism of PMS activation by PZBC800U for LEV degradation was revealed as non-radical pathways dominated by 1O2 generation and direct electron transfer. The formation of FexN combined with the increase of pyridinic-N in the biochar changed the electronic structure, improved the electron transfer ability, and thus achieved the excellent PMS activation capacity of the biochar. The vital function of endogenous Fe(OH)3 was verified by comparing PZBC800U to Fe leached and extra Fe added controls. A total of 18 intermediates in the degradation of LEV were identified, and degradation pathways were proposed. Combined with the average local ionization energy calculation, the priority of piperazine breakage during LEV degradation was experimentally proved and mechanistically elucidated. This study provides a new insight into FexN biochar preparation from pharmaceutical sludge and the mechanisms of its excellent PMS activation performance for LEV degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China.
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Jia Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min-Hua Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Donghui Wen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Jiang X, Lu F, Wu J, Li Q, Sun D. Bio-inspired N self-doped 3D macroporous carbon supported Pd nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for selective hydrogenation of 1, 3-butadiene. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Efficient desalination system for brackish water incorporating biomass-derived porous material. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Enhanced degradation of organic dyes by peroxymonosulfate with Fe3O4-CoCO3/rGO hybrid activation: a comprehensive study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Application of Biochar as Functional Material for Remediation of Organic Pollutants in Water: An Overview. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the use of biochar as a biological material for environmental remediation due to its low-cost precursor (waste), low toxicity, and diversity of active sites, along with their facile tailoring techniques. Due to its versatility, biochar has been employed as an adsorbent, catalyst (for activating hydrogen peroxide, ozone, persulfate), and photocatalyst. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and compare the application of biochar in water remediation. First, the biochar active sites with their functions are presented. Secondly, an overview and summary of biochar performance in treating organic pollutants in different systems is depicted. Thereafter, an evaluation on performance, removal mechanism, active sites involvement, tolerance to different pH values, stability, and reusability, and an economic analysis of implementing biochar for organic pollutants decontamination in each application is presented. Finally, potential prospects to overcome the drawbacks of each application are provided.
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Zhang Y, Yang T, Li R, Cao X, Kan Y, Wei B, Sun X. Efficient degradation of ibuprofen by Co/Fe@CNFs catalyst in the presence of peroxymonosulfate and persulfate: Characterization, performance, and mechanism comparison. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li L, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhang S, Xu Q, Chen P, Du Y, Xing Y. Cobalt-loaded cherry core biochar composite as an effective heterogeneous persulfate catalyst for bisphenol A degradation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7284-7294. [PMID: 35424685 PMCID: PMC8982249 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co/C composites were prepared with a one-step pyrolysis method for the activation of persulfate to degrade organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Environmental Monitor Station of Yantai, No. 118, Qingnian South Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong province, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
| | - Pinzhu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
| | - Yaxuan Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
| | - Yuxin Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong province, China
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