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Zhang X, Cai Y, Jiang Y, Du W, An W, Fu Q, Chen Y. Genetic correlation between circulating metabolites and chalazion: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1368669. [PMID: 38577173 PMCID: PMC10991826 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1368669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipid metabolism disorders were observationally associated with chalazion, but the causality of the related circulating metabolites on chalazion remained unknown. Here, we investigated the potential causal relationship between circulating metabolites and chalazion using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: For the primary analysis, 249 metabolic biomarkers were obtained from the UK Biobank, and 123 circulating metabolites were obtained from the publication by Kuttunen et al. for the secondary analysis. Chalazion summary data were obtained from the FinnGen database. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the main MR analysis method, and the MR assumptions were evaluated in sensitivity and colocalization analyses. Results: Two MR analyses results showed that the common metabolite, alanine, exhibited a genetic protective effect against chalazion (primary analysis: odds ratio [OR] = 0.680; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.507-0.912; p = 0.010; secondary analysis: OR = 0.578; 95% CI, 0.439-0.759; p = 0.00008). The robustness of the findings was supported by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy analysis. Two colocalization analyses showed that alanine did not share a region of genetic variation with chalazion (primary analysis: PPH4 = 1.95%; secondary analysis: PPH4 = 25.3%). Moreover, previous studies have suggested that an increase in the degree of unsaturation is associated with an elevated risk of chalazion (OR = 1.216; 95% CI, 1.055-1.401; p = 0.007), with omega-3 fatty acids (OR = 1.204; 95% CI, 1.054-1.377; p = 0.006) appearing to be the major contributing factor, as opposed to omega-6 fatty acids (OR = 0.850; 95% CI, 0.735-0.982; p = 0.027). Conclusion: This study suggests that alanine and several unsaturated fatty acids are candidate molecules for mechanistic exploration and drug target selection in chalazion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weishu An
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of General Practice, Clinical Research Center for General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Fan M, Kim SA, Choi YJ, Tang Y, Yang HP, Kim EK. Anthocyanin oligomer (grape skin extract) administration improves dry eye disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:122-130. [PMID: 36703096 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease is a chronic, progressive ocular disease characterised by ocular discomfort and is one of the most common ophthalmological disorders that affects people's lives. METHODS This study investigated the clinical efficacy of anthocyanin oligomers (grape skin extract) for the treatment of dry eye. One hundred and eight patients with dry eye were randomly divided into placebo and treatment groups, each with 54 cases. The placebo group received maltodextrin (800 mg/day) and the treatment group received anthocyanin oligomers (800 mg/day). Clinical efficacy, clinical indices, and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Anthocyanin oligomers were safe and effective in mild-to-moderate dry eye disease, improving the tear break-up time, intraocular pressure, ocular surface disease, and patient symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS The use of oral anthocyanin oligomers in the treatment of dry eye patients can enhance the therapeutic effect and improve the quality of life of patients while ensuring the safety of treatment, making this therapeutic option suitable for wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ah Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, SahmYook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus program, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Hyun Pil Yang
- Technical R&D Center, Kitto Life Co., LTD, Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus program, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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3
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Linoleic Acid-Based Transferosomes for Topical Ocular Delivery of Cyclosporine A. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081695. [PMID: 36015321 PMCID: PMC9412891 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering high-molecular-weight hydrophobic peptides, such as cyclosporine A, across the corneal epithelium remains a challenge that is complicated by other physio-anatomical ocular structures that limit the ocular bioavailability of such peptides. Transferosomes have previously been used to improve transdermal permeability, and have the potential for improving the ocular corneal permeability of applicable drugs. In this study, transferosomes for the potential ocular delivery of cyclosporine A were investigated. Linoleic acid was evaluated for its effect on the stability of the transferosomes and was substituted for a portion of the cholesterol in the vesicles. Additionally, Span® 80 and Tween® 80 were evaluated for their effect on transferosome flexibility and toxicity to ocular cells as edge activators. Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATF-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the blank and the cyclosporine A-loaded transferosomes. Cyclosporine A release and corneal permeability were studied in vitro and in a New Zealand albino rabbit corneal model, respectively. The linoleic acid contributed to improved stability and the nano-size of the transferosomes. The Tween®-based formulation was preferred on the basis of a more favorable toxicity profile, as the difference in their corneal permeability was not significant. There was an initial burst release of cyclosporine A in the first 24 h that plateaued over one week. The Tween®-based formulation had a flux of 0.78 µg/cm2/h. The prepared transferosomes demonstrated biocompatibility in the ocular cell line, adequately encapsulated cyclosporine A, ensured the corneal permeability of the enclosed drug, and were stable over the period of investigation of 4 months at −20 °C.
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Mori K, Kuroha S, Hou J, Jeong H, Ogawa M, Ikeda SI, Kang JX, Negishi K, Torii H, Arita M, Kurihara T, Tsubota K. Lipidomic analysis revealed n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppressed choroidal thinning and myopia progression in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22312. [PMID: 35532744 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101947r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is increasing worldwide and its preventable measure should urgently be pursued. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to have various effects such as vasodilative and anti-inflammatory, which myopia may be involved in. This study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of PUFAs on myopia progression. A lens-induced myopia (LIM) model was prepared using C57B L6/J 3-week-old mice, which were equipped with a -30 diopter lens to the right eye. Chows containing two different ratios of n-3/n-6 PUFA were administered to the mice, and myopic shifts were confirmed in choroidal thickness, refraction, and axial length in the n-3 PUFA-enriched chow group after 5 weeks. To exclude the possibility that the other ingredients in the chow may have taken the suppressive effect, fat-1 transgenic mice, which can produce n-3 PUFAs endogenously, demonstrated significant suppression of myopia. To identify what elements in n-3 PUFAs took effects on myopia suppression, enucleated eyes were used for targeted lipidomic analysis, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were characteristically distributed. Administration of EPA to the LIM model confirmed the inhibitory effect on choroidal thinning and myopia progression. Subsequently, to identify the elements and the metabolites of fatty acids effective on myopia suppression, targeted lipidomic analysis was performed and it demonstrated that metabolites of EPA were involved in myopia suppression, whereas prostaglandin E2 and 14,15-dihydrotestosterone were associated with progression of myopia. In conclusion, EPA and its metabolites are related to myopia suppression and inhibition of choroidal thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayoko Kuroha
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heonuk Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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5
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The Protective Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Dry Eye Disease: A Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease, and have an adverse effect the physical, functional, and psychological quality of life. It is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the loss of tear film homeostasis, in which self-perpetuating vicious cycle leads to deterioration of function and inflammation of the lacrimal functional unit. Hence, treatment strategies should be aimed at the interruption of the vicious inflammatory cycle and alleviation of ocular surface inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapies have been shown to improve the signs and symptoms of the disease. Evidence indicates that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may contribute to reinforcement of innate anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and systemic and topical administration of PUFAs may help modulate ocular surface inflammation. In the present review, the authors will introduce the results of clinical and experimental studies to elucidate the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of systemic and topical supplementation with PUFAs as an alternative therapeutic strategy for DED. This review will also include discussion regarding current perspectives, including evidence-based recommendations and possible side effects of PUFAs supplementation. The review of the literature suggests that PUFAs supplementation can be a viable option for the treatment of DED, although further studies are needed for establishment of treatment guidelines.
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Shah AM, Galor A. Impact of Ocular Surface Temperature on Tear Characteristics: Current Insights. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2021; 13:51-62. [PMID: 33623465 PMCID: PMC7894805 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s281601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermographic assessment of ocular surface temperature (OST) is gaining interest as an adjuvant method to evaluate the ocular surface. It is a quick, non-invasive test that causes minimal, if any, discomfort to patients. The purpose of this article was to summarize research on how OST relates to tear film parameters and dry eye disease (DED). PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus searches for specific terms were carried out and eligible articles reviewed. OST of the central cornea is ~34-35°C when measured as a single time-point (typically right after a blink). Dynamically, OST values decrease over time at a rate of ~ -0.01 °C/s in healthy eyes. Single time-point OST values are impacted by temperature, with positive correlations noted with both ambient (1°C↓ results in ~0.16°C↓ in OST) and body (1°C↑ results in ~0.98°C↑ in OST) temperature. Single time-point OST values are also impacted by tear parameters, with negative correlations noted with tear break-up time (TBUT; r=-0.61) and positive correlations with lipid layer thickness (~r=0.50). Dynamically, the rate of OST cooling over the interblink period correlates with various tear parameters including Schirmer's test scores (r=-0.39), tear meniscus height (r=-0.52) and the rate of tear film break-up (r=-0.74). These data imply that OST decreases more rapidly in individuals with greater tear production, larger tear volumes, and shorter tear break-up times (faster rates of tear film break-up). There are discrepancies in relationships between OST and DED across studies, which is not surprising given that DED encompasses a number of different phenotypic presentations. However, most studies found that OST decreases at a more rapid rate in DED vs. control groups. As such, cooling rate may have utility as a screening tool in DED in combination with established point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit M Shah
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Correspondence: Anat Galor Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA Email
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7
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Meibum lipid hydrocarbon chain branching and rheology after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100786. [PMID: 32715105 PMCID: PMC7374597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Meibum from donors who have had hematological stem cell transplantations (MHSCT) are susceptible to severe dry eye symptoms and exhibit very high lipid order (stiffness) compared with meibum from donors without dry eye (Mn). Since lipid order could have functional consequences, we compared the rheology and composition of Mn and MHSCT to measure meibum compositional, structural and functional relationships. Methods The rheology and composition was measured using Langmuir trough and 1H NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Results MHSCT and Mn was studied from 16 to 43 donors, respectively, using NMR spectroscopy. MHSCT contained significantly 16% more straight chain and 24% less iso-chain hydrocarbons compared with Mn. The cholesteryl ester to wax ester molar ratio, and hydrocarbon chain unsaturation were not significantly different, for MHSCT compared with Mn. Surface pressure-area isotherms of meibum from 30 donors without dry-eye were grouped into 4 pools (PC) and meibum from 32 donors with dry eye who had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (PT) were grouped into 3 pools. Above 15 years of age the Пmax and (Cs−1)max increased with age for both the PC and the PT cohorts. (Cs−1)max values were higher for PT samples compared with age matched PC samples, indicating they had higher elasticity and stiffness. A more ordered lipid could contribute to the formation of a discontinuous patchy tear film lipid layer, which in turn results in deteriorated spreading, and decreased surface elasticity. Conclusions The composition and rheology of meibum from donors with dry eye and who have had HSCT support the idea from other studies that more ordered meibum may contribute to or be a marker of dry eye. More straight chain and less iso-chain hydrocarbons could contribute to HSCT dry eye. Meibum elasticity and stiffness increased with age. Meibum elasticity and stiffness increased with HSCT dry eye. Differences could contribute to a discontinuous patchy tear film lipid layer. Differences could result in deteriorated spreading, and decreased surface elasticity.
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Pellegrini M, Senni C, Bernabei F, Cicero AFG, Vagge A, Maestri A, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. The Role of Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements in Ocular Surface Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040952. [PMID: 32235501 PMCID: PMC7230622 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface system whose chore mechanisms are tear film instability, inflammation, tear hyperosmolarity and epithelial damage. In recent years, novel therapies specifically targeting inflammation and oxidative stress are being investigated and used in this field. Therefore, an increasing body of evidence supporting the possible role of different micronutrients and nutraceutical products for the treatment of ocular surface diseases is now available. In the present review, we analyzed in detail the effects on ocular surface of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, B12, C, D, selenium, curcumin and flavonoids. Among these, the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in ameliorating DED signs and symptoms is supported by robust scientific evidence. Further long-term clinical trials are warranted to confirm the safety and efficacy of the supplementation of the other micronutrients and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pellegrini
- Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.S.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3343-308141
| | - Carlotta Senni
- Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Federico Bernabei
- Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Aldo Vagge
- Eye Clinic of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Antonio Maestri
- Medical Oncology Department, Santa Maria della Scaletta Hospital, 40026 Imola, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.S.); (G.G.)
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