1
|
Madden PJ, Thomas Y, Blair RV, Samer S, Doyle M, Midkiff CC, Doyle-Meyers LA, Becker ME, Arif MS, McRaven MD, Simons LM, Carias AM, Martinelli E, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hultquist JF, Villinger FJ, Veazey RS, Hope TJ. An immunoPET probe to SARS-CoV-2 reveals early infection of the male genital tract in rhesus macaques. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1479315. [PMID: 35411346 PMCID: PMC8996619 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1479315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The systemic nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly recognized, but poorly characterized. A non-invasive and unbiased method is needed to clarify whole body spatiotemporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection after transmission. We recently developed a probe based on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody CR3022 to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in vivo. Herein, we describe its use in immunoPET to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection of three rhesus macaques. Using PET/CT imaging of macaques at different times post-SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, we track the 64Cu-labelled CR3022-F(ab')2 probe targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to study the dynamics of infection within the respiratory tract and uncover novel sites of infection. Using this method, we uncovered differences in lung pathology between infection with the WA1 isolate and the delta variant, which were readily corroborated through computed tomography scans. The 64Cu-CR3022-probe also demonstrated dynamic changes occurring between 1- and 2-weeks post-infection. Remarkably, a robust signal was seen in the male genital tract (MGT) of all three animals studied. Infection of the MGT was validated by immunofluorescence imaging of infected cells in the testicular and penile tissue and severe pathology was observed in the testes of one animal at 2-weeks post-infection. The results presented here underscore the utility of using immunoPET to study the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand its pathogenicity and discover new anatomical sites of viral replication. We provide direct evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection of the MGT in rhesus macaques revealing the possible pathologic outcomes of viral replication at these sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Madden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanique Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sadia Samer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Doyle
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cecily C Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Mark E Becker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muhammad S Arif
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael D McRaven
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann M Carias
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francois J Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana-Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Thomas J Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Madden PJ, Thomas Y, Blair RV, Samer S, Doyle M, Midkiff CC, Doyle-Meyers LA, Becker ME, Arif MS, McRaven MD, Simons LM, Carias AM, Martinelli E, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hultquist JF, Villinger FJ, Veazey RS, Hope TJ. An immunoPET probe to SARS-CoV-2 reveals early infection of the male genital tract in rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.02.25.481974. [PMID: 35262081 PMCID: PMC8902882 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.25.481974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The systemic nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly recognized, but poorly characterized. A non-invasive and unbiased method is needed to clarify whole body spatiotemporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection after transmission. We recently developed a probe based on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody CR3022 to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in vivo. Herein, we describe its use in immunoPET to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection of three rhesus macaques. Using PET/CT imaging of macaques at different times post-SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, we track the 64Cu-labelled CR3022-F(ab')2 probe targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to study the dynamics of infection within the respiratory tract and uncover novel sites of infection. Using this method, we uncovered differences in lung pathology between infection with the WA1 isolate and the delta variant, which were readily corroborated through computed tomography scans. The 64Cu-CR3022-probe also demonstrated dynamic changes occurring between 1- and 2-weeks post-infection. Remarkably, a robust signal was seen in the male genital tract (MGT) of all three animals studied. Infection of the MGT was validated by immunofluorescence imaging of infected cells in the testicular and penile tissue and severe pathology was observed in the testes of one animal at 2-weeks post-infection. The results presented here underscore the utility of using immunoPET to study the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand its pathogenicity and discover new anatomical sites of viral replication. We provide direct evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection of the MGT in rhesus macaques revealing the possible pathologic outcomes of viral replication at these sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Madden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanique Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sadia Samer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Doyle
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cecily C Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Mark E Becker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muhammad S Arif
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael D McRaven
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann M Carias
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francois J Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana-Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Thomas J Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar N, Verma R, Lohana P, Lohana A, Ramphul K. Acute myocardial infarction in COVID-19 patients. A review of cases in the literature. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2021; 6:e169-e175. [PMID: 34703946 PMCID: PMC8525248 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2021.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic that has lasted more than a year. Patients with multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and smoking have been shown to be at increased risk of a more severe course and lethal outcome. Since the disease can also lead to a hypercoagulable state, several cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have also been recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched PubMed/Medline for case reports of AMI occurring in COVID-19 positive patients using "acute myocardial infarction", "COVID-19", and "SARS-CoV-2" as keywords. RESULTS Thirty-three articles covering 37 patients were identified, among which 30 (81.1%) were male, and 7 (18.9%) were females. The mean age of these 37 patients was 52.8 ±15.6 years. Most cases were from the United States (17 cases, 45.9%). Several comorbidities such as hypertension (16 cases, 43.2%), diabetes (14 cases, 37.8%), smoking (8 cases, 21.6%), obesity (3 cases, 8.1%), morbid obesity (1 case, 2.7%), and elevated lipid levels (4 cases, 10.8%) were also identified. The most common symptom of AMI was chest tightness (22 cases, 59.5%), while the most common symptoms for COVID-19 were dyspnoea (25 cases, 67.6%) and fever (22 cases, 59.5%). The mortality rate was 35.1%. CONCLUSIONS Given the high mortality rate, physicians are encouraged to properly check for signs of cardiac dysfunction and possible AMI while treating COVID-19 positive patients with several comorbidities or previous history of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nomesh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Renuka Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Petras Lohana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Arti Lohana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Kamleshun Ramphul
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng ZJ, Xue M, Zheng P, Lyu J, Zhan Z, Hu H, Zhang Y, Zhang XD, Sun B. Factors Affecting the Antibody Immunogenicity of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: A Focused Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:869. [PMID: 34451994 PMCID: PMC8402513 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are a crucial part of the global anti-pandemic effort against COVID-19. The effects of vaccines, as well as their common influencing factors, are the most important issues that we should focus on at this time. To this end, we review statistics on immunogenicity after vaccination, using neutralizing antibodies as the main reference index. Age, infection history, and virus variants are compared, and vaccination program recommendations are made accordingly. Suggestions are made to address concerns raised by the vaccines' shortened development cycle, as well as the emergence of immunity escape of viral variants. Finally, a brief description and future prospects are provided based on the principle of the ADE effect and previous experience with similar viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangkai Jason Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingshan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiali Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiqing Zhan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China;
| | - Haisheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | | | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (Z.J.C.); (M.X.); (P.Z.); (J.L.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|