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Kang HE, Kim SB, Noh TI, Shim JS, Kang SH, Cheon J, Tae JH, Patel VR, Kang SG. Modified apical dissection improves early continence in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Comparative study between modified apical dissection and anterior suspension stitch. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:639-646. [PMID: 36347553 PMCID: PMC9643732 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the modified apical dissection (MAD) technique in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) has shown excellent functional outcomes but has never been rigorously validated at various institutions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MAD on early continence and potency compared with the anterior suspension stitch (SS) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 patients who underwent RARP with SS and 100 who underwent RARP with MAD by a single surgeon were propensity score matched and retrospectively compared for continence and potency recovery at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS Continence was reached in 20.6%, 33.3%, 67.2%, 74.1%, 81.1%, and 83.0% of patients in the SS group, compared with 49.2%, 73.3%, 86.8%, 96.6%, 100.0%, and 100.0% in the MAD group at postoperative 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. In the SS group, potency rates were 0.0%, 20.0%, 50.0%, 66.7%, 75.0%, and 83.3%; in the MAD group, the rates were 50.0%, 90.0%, 88.9%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 100.0%. Recovery of continence was higher in the MAD group within the first 6 months (p=0.005, <0.010, 0.041, 0.016 at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months). There were no significant differences in potency recovery rates between the two groups (all p≥0.05). CONCLUSIONS The MAD technique results in earlier recovery of continence compared with the SS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Bin Kim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Noh
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Shim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Tae
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vipul R Patel
- Department of Urology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Pedraza AM. ¿Cómo mejorar la función eréctil post-prostatectomía radical? UROLOGÍA COLOMBIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Chang Y, Xu W, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Yan S, Ren S. Super-veil nerve-sparing extraperitoneal pure single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy on da Vinci Si robotic system. World J Urol 2022; 40:1413-1418. [PMID: 35325307 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-03976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the safety profile and short-term outcome of super-veil nerve-sparing extraperitoneal single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (espRARP) on da Vinci Si platform. METHODS From December 2018 to March 2021, 106 consecutive patients with treatment-naive prostate cancer were prospectively included. espRARP was performed on da Vinci Si surgical platform. Operative time, estimated blood loss, Clavien-Dindo complication classification, continence, potency recovery, quality-of-life scores, and postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were documented. RESULTS Patients aged 52-79 years (mean ± SD, 64.8 ± 6.15 yrs), with a median PSA of 9.2 ng/ml (IQR: 6.70, 16.83) and median prostate volume of 31.9 ml (IQR: 30.01, 38.54). 95.28% (101/106) were clinically localized. All patients underwent espRARP successfully with no open conversions. Operative time was 94.2 ± 30.26 min with an estimated blood loss of 68.5 ml (range, 50-120 ml). No Grade III complications or above were documented. Positive surgical margin was 17.9% (19/106). Median pain score at discharge was 0 (IQR: 0, 1.75) without use of opioid narcotics. Postoperative length of stay was 3 days (IQR: 1, 3), in which 28 patients were discharged within 24 h. Instant, 1-, 3-, and 6 month continence recovery was 18.9, 45.3, 79.2, 93.4, and 96.4%, respectively. Of the 43 patients who received nerve-sparing procedures, 13 (30.23%) resumed potency 6 months postoperatively. 12 month biochemical recurrence-free survival was 92.77% (77/83). CONCLUSIONS Extraperitoneal single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy is a safe and feasible technique. Combined with super-veil nerve-sparing procedures, it may provide satisfactory outcome in short-term functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Real-time, functional intra-operative localization of rat cavernous nerve network using near-infrared cyanine voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6618. [PMID: 32313132 PMCID: PMC7171155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite current progress achieved in the surgical technique of radical prostatectomy, post-operative complications such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence persist at high incidence rates. In this paper, we present a methodology for functional intra-operative localization of the cavernous nerve (CN) network for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy using near-infrared cyanine voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging, which visualizes membrane potential variations in the CN and its branches (CNB) in real time. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate a functioning complex nerve network in response to electrical stimulation of the CN, which was clearly differentiated from surrounding tissues in an in vivo rat prostate model. Stimulation of an erection was confirmed by correlative intracavernosal pressure (ICP) monitoring. Within 10 minutes, we performed trans-fascial staining of the CN by direct VSD administration. Our findings suggest the applicability of VSD imaging for real-time, functional imaging guidance during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.
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KleinJan GH, Sikorska K, Korne CM, Brouwer OR, Buckle T, Tillier C, van der Roest RCM, de Jong J, van Leeuwen FWB, van der Poel HG. A prediction model relating the extent of intraoperative fascia preservation to erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. J Robot Surg 2018; 13:455-462. [PMID: 30178300 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-018-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is performed in patients with prostate cancer. Unfortunately, 10-46% of patients may still suffer from limited erectile function (EF) after RARP. This study aimed to develop a prediction model based on the extent of fascia preservation (FP) and postoperative EF after RARP. A previously developed FP score quantizing the extent and regions of nerve-preservation was determined in a cohort of 1241 patients who underwent RARP. The predictive value of the FP score for post-prostatectomy EF (following the international index erectile function (IIEF) score, EF domain) was analyzed. To increase the predictive value of the scoring system, the FP regions were related to postoperative EF, nerve distribution and co-morbidity factors. Finally, a prediction model for EF was developed based on the studied cohort. When corrected for the preoperative IIEF-EF, the FP score was shown to be a significant denominator for IIEF (p = 2.5 × 10- 15) with an R2 of 35%. Variable selection performed using the Akaike information criterion led to a final prediction model for postoperative IIEF after nerve-preservation based on the FP score. Furthermore, patient's age, preoperative IIEF score, CCIS and use of clips for nerve sparing were significantly associated with postoperative IIEF-EF. More anterior fascia preservation was correlated with better EF outcome and age was a strong independent predictor of EF outcome. In older men, the relative benefit of more extensive fascia preservation was at least similar to younger men, despite a lower baseline IIEF-EF score. Quantitative nerve-sparing FP scoring could be related to the postoperative IIEF-EF and integrated into a multivariate prediction model, which includes with age, use of surgical clips, the Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS), and preoperative IIEF-EF. When further validated the prediction model could provide patients and care-givers a qualitative estimation of EF outcome after RARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Sikorska
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M Korne
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O R Brouwer
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - T Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Tillier
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C M van der Roest
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abbou CC, Abdelbary A. Neuro-anatomic basis of potency recovery after radical prostatectomy: an expert's point of view. MINERVA CHIR 2018; 74:28-36. [PMID: 30037182 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4733.18.07848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From 25% to 95% of those who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) report erectile dysfunction 12 months after surgery. We attempt a review of the available evidence regarding the anatomy of the cavernous nerves and the surgical refinements to enhance sexual function recovery after surgery. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The PubMed/Medline database was searched. Duplicates were removed. Studies were selected by the authors according to the aim of the present review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The cavernous nerves are deemed responsible for erections, but their exact function is still a matter of debate. They do not necessarily have the same distribution in all individuals: in most the cases, these nerves are located posterolaterally, however, it is not uncommon to find some fibers on the anterolateral aspects of the prostate, especially towards the apex. Several technical strategies were proposed in order to intraoperatively identify and spare the neurovascular bundles: despite all efforts, clinical results are still only partially satisfying. CONCLUSIONS The recovery of potency is one of the most unpredictable outcomes after RP. The advent of the robotic surgical system seems to have brought a trend towards a faster recovery of erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément C Abbou
- Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France -
| | - Ahmed Abdelbary
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Miki K, Kimura S, Ohnuma H, Sakanaka K, Sasaki H, Kimura T, Takahashi H, Egawa S. [SALVAGE CRYOABLATION TARGETING RECURRENT LESIONS AFTER DEFINITIVE RADIOTHERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER: IMPACT OF POST CRYOABLATION CHANGE IN URINARY AND SEXUAL FUNCTION]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2018; 109:184-193. [PMID: 31631081 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol.109.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
(Purpose) To describe our initial experience in salvage cryoablation targeting recurrent lesions after definitive irradiation for prostate cancer. (Methods) Eligible patients for this treatment were those who developed biochemical failure after definitive radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, but without distant metastasis, and with solid lesions identifiable on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Histological proof of recurrence with mapping biopsy covering corresponding sites was obtained. Two to four cryoprobes were inserted transperineally into the prostate under general anesthesia with extensive lithotomy position. The rapid expansion of argon gas cryogen through a small opening within the cryoprobe cools itself to make an ice ball and the quick exchange to helium gas induces an active thawing phase. Entire procedure is monitored and guided with the use of transrectal ultrasonography. Postoperative follow-up included patient interview, digital rectal examination, prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and quality of life (QOL) monitoring using IPSS and IIEF-5 at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Changes of mpMRI findings with time, particularly at one month, were used to judge immediate treatment impact. (Results) Five patients underwent salvage cryoablation between October 2015 and September 2016. No grade 3/4 complications such as rectal fistula or urethral stenosis were experienced. Mean and maximal percent decline of PSA from baseline levels at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following cryoablation were 72.2 and 94.7%, 79.4% and 93.9%, 78.2% and 92.1%, 79.6% and 90.9%, respectively. Posttreatment IPSS showed temporary worsening with average changes in score of 1.8, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.0 times over baseline levels, respectively. IPSS score returned to the baseline in one at six months and two at 12 months. Two of 5 patients were sexually active prior to therapy and thus evaluable. Both showed significant decline in IIEF score by 95% at 12 months. No patients showed any signs of recurrence. mpMRI at one month following cryoablation confirmed complete disappearance of visible lesions in all cases. (Conclusions) Salvage cryoablation for recurrent lesions of prostate cancer after definitive radiotherapy is feasible with minimal morbidity. Both oncological outcome and adverse events should be monitored carefully with longer follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Miki
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Hajime Ohnuma
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Keigo Sakanaka
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
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Rodrigues TM, Mitre AI, da Silva LFF, Castilho LN, Simões FA, Saldiva PHN, Srougi M. Periprostatic innervation: New issues based on segmental analysis of 10 human cadaver pelvic blocs. Prostate 2017; 77:1151-1159. [PMID: 28573651 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact paths of periprostatic nerves have been under debate over the last decades. In the present study, the topographic distribution of nerves around the prostate and their relative distances from the prostatic capsule were analyzed in male cadaver visceral blocs. METHODS The pelvic organs from ten fresh male cadavers were removed and serial sectioned en bloc for histological investigation. The macroslices was divided into four sectors. Each sector was centrally covered with a raster dividing each sector in three subsectors numbered clockwise. The prostatic capsule was identified, and distances of 2.5 and 5 mm from the prostate were demarked with lines. We quantified the number of nerve fibers present in each subsector of each slide and recorded their position relative to the prostatic capsule. RESULTS In general, the topographic analysis revealed that the majority of nerves were identified in sectors 4 through 9, corresponding to the posterolateral and posterior surfaces of the prostate gland. At the prostate base, the majority of nerves were found at the posterolateral and posterior surfaces of the gland. Within the mid-region of the prostate, the same topographic distribution pattern was observed, but the nerve fibers were closer to the prostatic capsule. At the apical region, the percentage of nerve fibers identified in the anterior region was higher, despite their major concetration in the posterior surface. The nerves identified at the apex were mainly located up to 2.5 mm from the prostate. This proximity to the prostate was specifically observed in the anterolateral and anterior sectors. In the craniocaudal sense, the percentage of nerves identified between 2.5 and 5 mm from the prostatic capsule remained constant. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of nerve fibers were present in the anterior and anterolateral positions, especially at the apex. The anterior nerves were closer to the prostate. This proximity suggests that the anterior nerves may participate in local physiology and that the cavernous nerves are probably formed by the posterior nerve fibers. It is likely that the safe distance of 2.5 mm from all surfaces of the prostate may be related to cavernous fiber preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M Rodrigues
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anuar I Mitre
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F da Silva
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lísias N Castilho
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano A Simões
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Division of Urology and Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pavlovich CP, Rocco B, Druskin SC, Davis JW. Urinary continence recovery after radical prostatectomy - anatomical/reconstructive and nerve-sparing techniques to improve outcomes. BJU Int 2017; 120:185-196. [PMID: 28319318 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In an editorial board-moderated debate format, two experts in prostate cancer surgery are challenged with presenting the key strategies in radical prostatectomy that improve urinary functional outcomes. Dr Bernardo Rocco was tasked with arguing the facts that support the anatomical preservation and reconstruction steps that improve urinary continence. Drs Christian Pavlovich and Sasha Druskin were tasked with arguing the facts supporting neurovascular bundle and high anterior release surgical planes that improve urinary continence. Associate Editor John Davis moderates the debate, and outlines the current status of validated patient questionnaires that can be used to evaluate urinary continence, and recent work that allows measuring what constitutes a 'clinically significant' difference that either or both of these surgical techniques could influence. A review of raw data from a publication from Dr Pavlovich's team demonstrates how clinically relevant differences in patient-reported outcomes can be correlated to technique. A visual atlas is presented from both presenting teams, and Dr Davis demonstrates further reproducibility of technique. A linked video on this concept is available as a supplementary file.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Pavlovich
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernardo Rocco
- Ospedale Policlinico e Nuovo Ospedale Civile, S. Agostino Estense, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sasha C Druskin
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Leapman M, Jazayeri SB, Katsigeorgis M, Hobbs A, Samadi DB. Patient-perceived Causes of Prostate Cancer: Result of an Internet-based Survey. Urology 2017; 99:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tavukçu HH, Aytac O, Atug F. Nerve-sparing techniques and results in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:S172-S184. [PMID: 27995221 PMCID: PMC5161020 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.s2.s172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve-sparing techniques in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) have advanced with the developments defining the prostate anatomy and robotic surgery in recent years. In this review we discussed the surgical anatomy, current nerve-sparing techniques and results of these operations. It is important to define the right and key anatomic landmarks for nerve-sparing in RARP which can demonstrate individual variations. The patients' risk assessment before the operation and intraoperative anatomic variations may affect the nerve-sparing technique, nerve-sparing degree and the approach. There is lack of randomized control trials for different nerve-sparing techniques and approaches in RARP, therefore accurate preoperative and intraoperative assessment of the patient is crucial. Current data shows that, performing the maximum possible nerve-sparing using athermal techniques have better functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omer Aytac
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Atug
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jazayeri SB, Samadi DB. Prostate cancer in African Americans: Early oncological and functional outcomes after robotic prostatectomy. Int J Urol 2016; 24:236-237. [PMID: 27859644 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David B Samadi
- Department of Urology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
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13
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Clinicopathological, functional, and immediate oncologic outcome assessment in men aged≤50 years with prostate cancer after robotic prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 2016; 35:30.e17-30.e24. [PMID: 27567690 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To define the pathologic and functional outcomes of men 50 years of age and younger with prostate cancer in a contemporary robotic cohort, this study was designed. METHODS Patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy from April 2002 to April 2012 (n = 2,495) formed the base population for the current analyses. The patients were dichotomized according to their age≤50 (n = 271) and>50-year-old (n = 2,224). Clinicopathological and health-related quality-of-life outcomes were recorded and analyzed for differences. Propensity score matching was used when assessing urinary and sexual function outcome. RESULTS Baseline prostate-specific antigen and clinical stage were similar between men older than 50 years and those younger. Younger patients had less severe disease (D׳Amico risk and Gleason scores) and smaller prostates. Young men had higher rates of erectile function at all time points, including baseline (94% vs. 83% at 12mo, P <0.01). Continence was similar at all time points except for 6 months, where younger patients experienced a faster return than older patients and then remained constant, while older patients continued to improve (96% vs. 89%, P<0.01). After matching process, the difference in erectile function at 6-month follow-up was lost. CONCLUSION Most men aged 50 years and younger who received robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy had clinically significant prostate cancer. Although histopathologic and short-term oncologic outcomes were nearly identical when compared to older patients, younger men had a more rapid and superior return of erectile function.
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Bijlani A, Hebert AE, Davitian M, May H, Speers M, Leung R, Mohamed NE, Sacks HS, Tewari A. A Multidimensional Analysis of Prostate Surgery Costs in the United States: Robotic-Assisted versus Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2016; 19:391-403. [PMID: 27325331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic value of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in the United States is still not well understood because of limited view analyses. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the costs and benefits of RALP versus retropubic radical prostatectomy from an expanded view, including hospital, payer, and societal perspectives. METHODS We performed a model-based cost comparison using clinical outcomes obtained from a systematic review of the published literature. Equipment costs were obtained from the manufacturer of the robotic system; other economic model parameters were obtained from government agencies, online resources, commercially available databases, an advisory expert panel, and the literature. Clinical point estimates and care pathways based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were used to model costs out to 3 years. Hospital costs and costs incurred for the patients' postdischarge complications, adjuvant and salvage radiation treatment, incontinence and potency treatment, and lost wages during recovery were considered. Robotic system costs were modeled in two ways: as hospital overhead (hospital overhead calculation: RALP-H) and as a function of robotic case volume (robotic amortization calculation: RALP-R). All costs were adjusted to year 2014 US dollars. RESULTS Because of more favorable clinical outcomes over 3 years, RALP provided hospital ($1094 savings with RALP-H, $341 deficit with RALP-R), payer ($1451), and societal ($1202) economic benefits relative to retropubic radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS Monte-Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated a 38% to 99% probability that RALP provides cost savings (depending on the perspective). Higher surgical consumable costs are offset by a decreased hospital stay, lower complication rate, and faster return to work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mike Davitian
- Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA; Health Advances, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Holly May
- Health Advances, LLC, Weston, MA, USA; Health Advances, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Speers
- Health Advances, LLC, Weston, MA, USA; Health Advances, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Leung
- Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nihal E Mohamed
- Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry S Sacks
- Thomas C. Chalmers Clinical Trials Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tewari
- Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Walz J, Epstein JI, Ganzer R, Graefen M, Guazzoni G, Kaouk J, Menon M, Mottrie A, Myers RP, Patel V, Tewari A, Villers A, Artibani W. A Critical Analysis of the Current Knowledge of Surgical Anatomy of the Prostate Related to Optimisation of Cancer Control and Preservation of Continence and Erection in Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy: An Update. Eur Urol 2016; 70:301-11. [PMID: 26850969 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2010, we published a review summarising the available literature on surgical anatomy of the prostate and adjacent structures involved in cancer control and the functional outcome of prostatectomy. OBJECTIVE To provide an update based on new literature to help the surgeon improve oncologic and surgical outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched the PubMed database using the keywords radical prostatectomy, anatomy, neurovascular bundle, nerve, fascia, pelvis, sphincter, urethra, urinary continence, and erectile function. Relevant articles and textbook chapters published since the last review were critically reviewed, analysed, and summarised. Moreover, we integrated aspects that were not addressed in the last review into this update. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We found new evidence for several topics. Up to 40% of the cross-sectional surface area of the urethral sphincter tissue is laterally overlapped by the dorsal vascular complex and might be injured during en bloc ligation. Denonvilliers fascia is fused with the base of the prostate in a horizontal fashion dorsally/caudally of the seminal vesicles, requiring sharp detachment when preserved. During extended pelvic lymph node dissection, the erectile nerves are at risk in the presacral and internal iliac area. Dissection planes for nerve sparing can be graded according to the amount of tissue left on the prostate as a safety margin against positive surgical margins. Vascular structures can serve as landmarks. The urethral sphincter and its length after RP are influenced by the shape of the apex. Taking this shape into account allows preservation of additional sphincter length with improved postoperative continence. CONCLUSIONS This update provides additional, detailed information about the surgical anatomy of the prostate and adjacent tissues involved in RP. This anatomy remains complex and widely variable. These details facilitate surgical orientation and dissection during RP and ideally should translate into improved outcomes. PATIENT SUMMARY Based on recent anatomic findings regarding the prostate and its surrounding tissue, the urologist can individualise the dissection during RP according to cancer and patient characteristics to improve oncologic and functional results at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, Marseille, France.
| | - Jonathan I Epstein
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Markus Graefen
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Centre, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Guazzoni
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Jihad Kaouk
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mani Menon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Robert P Myers
- Institute of Urology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Vipul Patel
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tewari
- Prostate Cancer Institute, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnauld Villers
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
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Diaz M, Peabody JO, Kapoor V, Sammon J, Rogers CG, Stricker H, Lane Z, Gupta N, Bhandari M, Menon M. Oncologic Outcomes at 10 Years Following Robotic Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2015; 67:1168-1176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kang SG, Schatloff O, Haidar AM, Samavedi S, Palmer KJ, Cheon J, Patel VR. Does surgeon subjective nerve sparing score predict recovery time of erectile function following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy? J Sex Med 2015; 12:1490-6. [PMID: 25689342 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), the quality of nerve sparing (NS) was usually classified by laterality of NS (none, unilateral, and bilateral) or degree of NS (none, partial, and full). Recently, side-specific NS have been more frequently performed, but previous NS grading system might not reflect the differential NS in each side. AIM Herein, we assessed whether a subjective NS score (NSS) incorporating both degree of NS and NS laterality can predict the time to potency recovery following RARP. METHODS Data were analyzed from 1,898 patients who had left and right neurovascular bundle sparing quality scores and at least one year of follow-up after RARP was performed between January 2008 and October 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cox proportional hazard method analyses were used to determine predictive factors for early recovery. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess subjective NSS in an effort to predict time to potency recovery. Subjective NSSs were compared to a model based on the three grades according to laterality and degree. RESULTS Time to potency recovery showed a statistically significant difference in favor of higher NSS by the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (NSS 0 vs. NSS 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10; P < 0.01). The regression model indicated that the statistical significance of the subjective NSS covering the differential NS is not different from that of the conventional three-grade scales, while it has a higher R(2). The regression equation with subjective NSS was as follows: Log (Time) = 5.163 - (0.035 × SHIM Score) + 0.028 Age - (0.101 × Subjective NSS). CONCLUSION The subjective NSS can reflect NS degree for each side based on the visual cues. Regression model can be used to help inform the patient about the time to postoperative potency regain, which is an important patient concern following RARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oscar Schatloff
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA.,University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abdul Muhsin Haidar
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA.,University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Srinivas Samavedi
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA.,University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth J Palmer
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA.,University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vipul R Patel
- Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, FL, USA.,University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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Chang SL, Kibel AS, Brooks JD, Chung BI. The impact of robotic surgery on the surgical management of prostate cancer in the USA. BJU Int 2014; 115:929-36. [PMID: 24958338 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the surgeon characteristics associated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) adoption and determine the possible impact of this adoption on practice patterns and cost. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study with a weighted sample size of 489,369 men who underwent non-RARP (i.e., open or laparoscopic RP) or RARP in the USA from 2003 to 2010 was performed. We evaluated predictors for RARP adoption, defined as performing >50% of annual RP using the robotic approach. Additionally, we identified the resulting changes in prostate cancer surgery practice patterns and expenditures. RESULTS From 2003 to 2010, RARP adoption increased from 0.7% to 42% of surgeons performing RP. High-volume surgeons, defined as performing >24 RPs annually, had statically significantly higher odds of adopting RARP throughout the study period. From 2005 to 2007, adoption was more common among surgeons at teaching (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-3.4), intermediate- (200-399 beds; OR 5.96, 95% CI 1.3-26.5) and large-sized hospitals (≥ 400 beds; OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.4-25.8); after 2007, adoption was more common among surgeons at urban hospitals (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4). RARP adoption was generally associated with increased RP volume, greatest for high-volume surgeons and least for low-volume surgeons (<5 RPs annually). The annual number of surgeons performing RP decreased from about 10,000 to 8200, with the proportion of cases performed by high-volume surgeons increasing from 10% to 45%. RARP was more costly, disproportionally contributing to the 40% increase in annual prostate cancer surgery expenditures. RARP costs generally decreased plateauing at slightly over $10,000, while non-RARP costs increased to nearly $9000 by the end of the study. CONCLUSION There was widespread RARP adoption in the USA between 2003 and 2010, particularly among high-volume surgeons. The diffusion of RARP was associated with a centralisation of care and an increased economic burden for prostate cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chang
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Centre for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin I Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford, CA, USA
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Khoder WY, Waidelich R, Buchner A, Becker AJ, Stief CG. Prospective comparison of one year follow-up outcomes for the open complete intrafascial retropubic versus interfascial nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:335. [PMID: 25032093 PMCID: PMC4094758 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Current work provides a prospective direct comparison between Open complete intrafascial-radical-prostatectomy (OIF-RP) and interfascial-RP in all outcomes in single centre series. Both techniques were done prospectively in 430 patients. Inclusion criteria for OIF-RP (n=241 patients) were biopsy Gleason-score ≤6 and PSA ≤10 ng/ml while for interfascial-RP (n=189) were Gleason-score ≤7 and PSA ≤15. The perioperative parameters (e.g. operative time, complications etc.), pathologic results, surgical margins and revisions were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative (3 and 12 months) evaluation of continence and potency was performed. All patients have preoperative IIEF-score of ≥15. Continence was classified as complete (no pads), mild (1-2 pads/day) and incontinence (>2 pads/day). Median patients’ age was 63.7 vs. 64.5 years for OIF-RP vs. Interfascial-RP, respectively. Preoperative PSA-level was significantly lower in OIF-RP (5.8 vs. 7.1), otherwise, similar perioperative data in both groups except for more frequent pT3-tumors in interfascial-RP group (18%). No statistical significance regarding continence was observed between OIF-RP vs. Interfascial-RP groups at 3 (82% vs. 85%) and 12 months (98% vs. 96%) postoperatively. Potency rates (IIEF ≥15) after OIF-RP were 96% (≤55 years), 72% (55-65), and 75% (>65 years) at 12 months. The respective rates for interfascial-group were 58%, 61% and 51%. There was an advantage for OIF-RP potency-outcomes without significance over Interfascial-RP in weak potency patients (IIEF=15-18). We conclude that OIF-RP is associated with better functional results without compromising early oncological results compared to interfascial-RP. Complete preservation of periprostatic fasciae provides significantly better postoperative recovery of sexual function even for weak potency patients. Longer follow-up is mandatory to further evaluate the outcome results of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Y Khoder
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Raphaela Waidelich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Armin J Becker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Do we need the nerve sparing radical prostatectomy techniques (intrafascial vs. interfascial) in men with erectile dysfunction? Results of a single-centre study. World J Urol 2014; 33:301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-014-1302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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21
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Huri E. Novel anatomical identification of nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: fascial-sparing radical prostatectomy. Prostate Int 2014; 2:1-7. [PMID: 24693527 PMCID: PMC3970983 DOI: 10.12954/pi.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy (RP) became a first choice of treatment for prostate cancer after the advance in nerve-sparing techniques. However, the difficult technical details still involved in nerve-sparing RP (nsRP) can invite unwanted complications. Therefore, learning to recognize key anatomical features of the prostate and its surrounding structures is crucial to further improve RP efficacy. Although the anatomical relation between the pelvic nerves and pelvic fascias is still under investigation, this paper characterizes the periprostatic fascias in order to define a novel fascial-sparing approach to RP (fsRP), which will help spare neurovascular bundles. In uroanatomic perspective, it can be stated that nsRP is a functional identification of the surgical technique while fsRP is an anatomic identification as well. The functional and oncological outcomes related to this novel fsRP are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Huri
- Department of Urology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Ali A, Tewari A. Radical Surgery. Prostate Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118347379.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Ghavamian R. Robotic and open radical prostatectomy: is there reason to be receptive to change now and in the future? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:863-5. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Isgoren AE, Saitz TR, Serefoglu EC. Erectile Function Outcomes after Robot‐Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Is It Superior to Open Retropubic or Laparoscopic Approach? Sex Med Rev 2014; 2:10-23. [DOI: 10.1002/smrj.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Park YH, Jeong CW, Lee SE. A comprehensive review of neuroanatomy of the prostate. Prostate Int 2013; 1:139-45. [PMID: 24392437 PMCID: PMC3879050 DOI: 10.12954/pi.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oncologic efficacy is the primary goal of radical prostatectomy, preserving potency and continence is also important, given the indolent clinical course of most prostate cancers. In order to preserve and recover postoperative potency and continence after radical prostatectomy, a detailed understanding of the pelvic anatomy is necessary to recognize the optimal nerve-sparing plane and to minimize injury to the neurovascular bundles. Therefore, we reviewed the most recent findings from neuroanatomic studies of the prostate and adjacent tissues, some of which are contrary to the established consensus on pelvic anatomy. We also described the functional outcomes of radical prostatectomies following improved anatomical understanding and development of surgical techniques for preserving the neurovascular bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) often is impacted after radical prostatectomy (RP) procedures. Although patients' QoL scores gradually improve after RP, changes in the QoL score over time after different RP procedures must be examined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the changes in QoL over time of prostate cancer patients who were treated with open RP (ORP) or laparoscopic RP (LRP) procedures. METHODS A longitudinal study design was used. A convenient sample of 67 prostate cancer patients was recruited after RP (ORP = 34, LRP = 33). QoL scores were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after RP using the University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI). RESULTS With respect to the PCI mean score between the ORP and LRP groups, there were significant differences in overall PCI and urinary function at time 1 (1 month after RP). However, a mixed-design analysis of covariance on the overall PCI of the 2 groups over time indicated that, after controlling for nerve sparing, there were significant differences in the main effects for group and time, but no interaction effect. CONCLUSION Results indicated that all patients' QoL scores improved over time. Laparoscopic RP patients' overall scores were better than ORP patients' scores, but this may be due to unmeasured preoperative differences in this nonrandom sample, and thus, these findings cannot be attributed to treatment differences alone. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patients' QoL after either RP surgery is likely to drop but is regained by 6 months. This information should be given to patients undergoing RP who are deciding between various RP procedures.
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Abd-El-Barr AERM, Sukumar S, Trinh QD, Roghmann F, Sun M. Re: Surgeon variation in patient quality of life after radical prostatectomy: A. Hartz, T. He, S. Strope, D. R. Cutler, G. Andriole and C. Dechet J Urol 2013; 189: 1295-1301. J Urol 2013; 190:1441-2. [PMID: 23886878 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kaiho Y, Yamashita S, Arai Y. Optimization of sexual function outcome after radical prostatectomy using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Int J Urol 2013; 20:285-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kaiho
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
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Anatomic and technical considerations for optimizing recovery of sexual function during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. Curr Opin Urol 2013; 23:88-94. [DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e32835b6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ganzer R, Stolzenburg JU, Wieland WF, Bründl J. Anatomic Study of Periprostatic Nerve Distribution: Immunohistochemical Differentiation of Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nerve Fibres. Eur Urol 2012; 62:1150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Hinata N, Sejima T, Takenaka A. Progress in pelvic anatomy from the viewpoint of radical prostatectomy. Int J Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology; Tottori University; Yonago; Tottori; Japan
| | - Takehiro Sejima
- Department of Urology; Tottori University; Yonago; Tottori; Japan
| | - Atsushi Takenaka
- Department of Urology; Tottori University; Yonago; Tottori; Japan
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Cellek S, Bivalacqua TJ, Burnett AL, Chitaley K, Lin C. Common Pitfalls in Some of the Experimental Studies in Erectile Function and Dysfunction: A Consensus Article. J Sex Med 2012; 9:2770-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Butet Y, Villers A, Delmas V, Piechaud T. Bases anatómicas quirúrgicas de la prostatectomía radical con o sin conservación nerviosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1761-3310(12)62106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hubanks JM, Umbreit EC, Karnes RJ, Myers RP. Open Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy Using High Anterior Release of the Levator Fascia and Constant Haptic Feedback in Bilateral Neurovascular Bundle Preservation Plus Early Postoperative Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition: A Contemporary Series. Eur Urol 2012; 61:878-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Open Complete Intrafascial Nerve-sparing Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy: Technique and Initial Experience. Urology 2012; 79:717-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gandaglia G, Suardi N, Gallina A, Capitanio U, Abdollah F, Salonia A, Nava L, Colombo R, Guazzoni G, Rigatti P, Montorsi F, Briganti A. Preoperative Erectile Function Represents a Significant Predictor of Postoperative Urinary Continence Recovery in Patients Treated With Bilateral Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy. J Urol 2012; 187:569-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gandaglia
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nazareno Suardi
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Firas Abdollah
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Nava
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Colombo
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guazzoni
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizio Rigatti
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Lin YH, Lin VCH, Yu TJ, Chen TB, Yang MS, Kao CC. The effects of a nerve-sparing procedure on urinary incontinence and sexual function among radical prostatectomy patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL NURSING 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-771x.2011.01131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alsaid B, Bessede T, Diallo D, Moszkowicz D, Karam I, Benoît G, Droupy S. Reply to Declan G. Murphy, Thomas J. Walton, Paul J. Cathcart, et al's Letter to the Editor re: Bayan Alsaid, Thomas Bessede, Djibril Diallo, et al. Division of Autonomic Nerves Within the Neurovascular Bundles Distally into Corpora Cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosum Components: Immunohistochemical Confirmation with Three-Dimensional Reconstruction. Eur Urol 2011;59:902–9. Eur Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lavery HJ, Levinson AW, Brajtbord JS, Samadi DB. Candidacy for active surveillance may be associated with improved functional outcomes after prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 2011; 31:187-92. [PMID: 21795076 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an effort to curb overtreatment, active surveillance (AS) has grown in popularity as an option for men with low-risk prostate cancer. We evaluated the histopathologic and functional outcomes of patients who qualified for AS, but opted for robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), and compared them to non-AS candidates. METHODS An institutional database of 1,477 RALP performed by a single surgeon was queried for AS candidates, defined as PSA <10 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score ≤6 with a minimum of 10 biopsy cores, <3 positive cores with <50% tumor volume in a single core and clinical stage ≤T2a. RESULTS Of the 352 patients who would have qualified for AS, 159 (45%) were upgraded: 143 (41%) to Gl 3 + 4, 16 (4.5%) to 4 + 3, zero to Gleason 8 or higher. Seventeen (4.8%) patients were upstaged to pT3. AS candidates were younger and had more favorable tumor characteristics, but similar preoperative functional status. Bilateral nerve sparing was performed on 96% of AS candidates vs. 86% of non-AS candidates (P < 0.001). After 12 months of follow-up in patients who received bilateral nerve sparing, continence was higher in the AS cohort (98% vs. 92%, P < 0.001) but potency was equivalent (87% in each, P = 0.89). On multivariable analysis, candidacy for AS was independently associated with improved continence, but not potency. CONCLUSIONS In addition to having the expected favorable histopathologic features, AS candidates who desire definitive therapy have a high likelihood of achieving excellent functional outcomes, perhaps superior to non-AS candidates, following RALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Lavery
- Department of Urology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10022, USA.
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Specimen orientation by marking the peripheral end: (potential) clinical advantages in prostate biopsy. Prostate Cancer 2011; 2011:270403. [PMID: 22096654 PMCID: PMC3200280 DOI: 10.1155/2011/270403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify advantages that could be obtained by orientation of the biopsy specimen using the marking technique. We reviewed our experience (4,500 cases) and the published literature. The peripheral (proximal) end of the fresh specimen is marked with ink soon after needle delivering in a few minutes. It is performed easily in association with pre-embedding method.
Five potential clinical advantages were identified: (1) tumor localization, (2) atypical lesions localization and planning rebiopsy strategy, (3) planning surgical strategy, (4) selection criteria for focal therapy and active surveillance, and (5) cost reduction. Peripheral end marking is low cost, easy and reproducible. It drives several potential advantages in cancer diagnosis or isolated atypical lesions, in particular, spatial localization within the biopsy (transition versus peripheral zone, anterior versus posterior, subcapsular versus intraparenchima, and extraprostatic extension) should be easy and reliable. We can add a new pathological parameter: pathological orientation or biopsy polarity.
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Murphy DG, Walton TJ, Cathcart PJ, Connolly SS, Costello AJ. Re: Bayan Alsaid, Thomas Bessede, Djibril Diallo, et al. Division of autonomic nerves within the neurovascular bundles distally into corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum components: immunohistochemical confirmation with three-dimensional reconstruction. Eur Urol 2011;59:902-9. Eur Urol 2011; 60:e19-20; author reply e21-2. [PMID: 21684065 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nepple KG, Kibel AS. Words of wisdom. Re: active surveillance compared with initial treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer: a decision analysis. Eur Urol 2011; 59:883-4. [PMID: 21524729 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Nepple
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Whither go pro-erectile nerves of the neurovascular bundles? Eur Urol 2011; 59:910-1. [PMID: 21450398 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Clarebrough EE, Challacombe BJ, Briggs C, Namdarian B, Weston R, Murphy DG, Costello AJ. Cadaveric Analysis of Periprostatic Nerve Distribution: An Anatomical Basis for High Anterior Release During Radical Prostatectomy? J Urol 2011; 185:1519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Clarebrough
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Briggs
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Namdarian
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Weston
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urological Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Costello
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sammon JD, Menon M. Editorial comment. Urology 2011; 77:506-7. [PMID: 21295258 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Albayrak S, Canguven O, Goktas C, Cetinel C, Horuz R, Aydemir H. Radical perineal prostatectomy and early continence: outcomes after 120 cases. Int Braz J Urol 2010; 36:693-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382010000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Biochemical Recurrence Following Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Analysis of 1384 Patients with a Median 5-year Follow-up. Eur Urol 2010; 58:838-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Menon M. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: is the dust settling? Eur Urol 2010; 59:7-9. [PMID: 21035249 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Costello AJ, Dowdle BW, Namdarian B, Pedersen J, Murphy DG. Immunohistochemical study of the cavernous nerves in the periprostatic region. BJU Int 2010; 107:1210-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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