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Ziaja M, Urbanek KA, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Angiotensin II and Angiotensin Receptors 1 and 2-Multifunctional System in Cells Biology, What Do We Know? Cells 2021; 10:cells10020381. [PMID: 33673178 PMCID: PMC7917773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been perceived as a system whose role is to primarily modulate the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Years of research into the role of RAS have provided the necessary data to confirm that the role of RAS is very complex and not limited to the cardiovascular system. The presence of individual elements of the renin-angiotensin (RA) system allows to control many processes, ranging from the memorization to pro-cancer processes. Maintaining the proportions between the individual axes of the RA system allows for achieving a balance, often called homeostasis. Thus, any disturbance in the expression or activity of individual RAS elements leads to pathophysiological processes.
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Arafa MH, Amin DM, Samir GM, Atteia HH. Protective effects of tribulus terrestris extract and angiotensin blockers on testis steroidogenesis in copper overloaded rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:113-122. [PMID: 30999179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rational of the current study was to assess whether Tribulus terrestris extract (TTE) could alleviate long-term copper (Cu) overload-induced testicular dysfunction compared to enalapril and losartan. Rats were administered either vehicle (control group, n = 10) or copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O, 200 mg/kg, p.o) for 90 days (n = 40). Cu-treated rats were randomized into four equal groups. One group was left untreated (Cu group) while the remaining three groups were daily co-treated with one of the following treatments along with CuSO4: TTE (10 mg/kg, p.o); enalapril (30 mg/kg, p.o); losartan (10 mg/kg, p.o). Excess Cu intake resulted in Cu overload coupled with a significant elevation in systolic blood pressure and serum angiotensin II levels along with a reduction in serum nitric oxide level. All concomitant treatments led to an alleviation of such deleterious effects. However, only losartan failed to ameliorate angiotensin II elevation. Additionally, all treatments protected the testes against Cu-overload-elicited zinc depletion and oxidative stress. Regarding reproductive function, the relative weights of testes, serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone; the expression of steroidogenic genes; the protein levels of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme 1, in addition to its activity, they were significantly reduced. Amongst all treatments, only TTE and E were able to revert these reproductive changes. In conclusion TTE and E were able to protect against Cu overload-induced impairment of testicular steroidogenesis. Thus, they might be considered as prophylactic drugs of choice against hypertension and testicular dysfunction to ameliorate Cu overload risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Hamed Arafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed Amin
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Ghada Mohammed Samir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
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Soffientini U, Rebourcet D, Abel MH, Lee S, Hamilton G, Fowler PA, Smith LB, O'Shaughnessy PJ. Identification of Sertoli cell-specific transcripts in the mouse testis and the role of FSH and androgen in the control of Sertoli cell activity. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:972. [PMID: 29246116 PMCID: PMC5731206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sertoli cells act to induce testis differentiation and subsequent development in fetal and post-natal life which makes them key to an understanding of testis biology. As a major step towards characterisation of factors involved in Sertoli cell function we have identified Sertoli cell-specific transcripts in the mouse testis and have used the data to identify Sertoli cell-specific transcripts altered in mice lacking follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRKO) and/or androgen receptors (AR) in the Sertoli cells (SCARKO). Results Adult iDTR mice were injected with busulfan to ablate the germ cells and 50 days later they were treated with diphtheria toxin (DTX) to ablate the Sertoli cells. RNAseq carried out on testes from control, busulfan-treated and busulfan + DTX-treated mice identified 701 Sertoli-specific transcripts and 4302 germ cell-specific transcripts. This data was mapped against results from microarrays using testicular mRNA from 20 day-old FSHRKO, SCARKO and FSHRKO.SCARKO mice. Results show that of the 534 Sertoli cell-specific transcripts present on the gene chips, 85% were altered in the FSHRKO mice and 94% in the SCARKO mice (mostly reduced in both cases). In the FSHRKO.SCARKO mice additive or synergistic effects were seen for most transcripts. Age-dependent studies on a selected number of Sertoli cell-specific transcripts, showed that the marked effects in the FSHRKO at 20 days had largely disappeared by adulthood although synergistic effects of FSHR and AR knockout were seen. Conclusions These studies have identified the Sertoli cell-specific transcriptome in the mouse testis and have shown that most genes in the transcriptome are FSH- and androgen-dependent at puberty although the importance of FSH diminishes towards adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4357-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Soffientini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rebourcet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M H Abel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - S Lee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - G Hamilton
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - P A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - L B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, 2308, Australia
| | - P J O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
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Alves-Pereira JL, Corte Frantz ED, Ramos CDF. Beneficial Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers on Testicular Morphology. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ajmb.2017.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a set of peptides, enzymes, and receptors specially involved in the control of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure (BP); however, some of its components have already been identified in the testis, such as angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, and renin. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether renin-angiotensin system blockers have effects on the testicular morphology of animals fed a high energy density (HED) diet. Materials and Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed initially a standard chow (SC) or a HED diet. After 8 weeks, HED animals were randomized into 4 groups, each group receiving one of the following treatments for the next 6 weeks: HED-A: aliskiren (50 mg/kg/d); HED-E: enalapril (30 mg/kg/d); HED-L: losartan (10 mg/kg/d); and untreated HED group. The BP was measured biweekly. At the end of treatment, all animals were killed and the testes were processed for morphometric and stereological parameters including density of seminiferous tubules per area, density of length and the total length of the seminiferous tubules, height of the epithelium, and diameter of the seminiferous tubules. Samples were tested for their homoscedasticity and the differences between the groups were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Holm-Sidak post-test. In all cases, the significance level adopted was P ≤ .05. Results: Compared to SC, HED groups presented an increase in BP, normalized by all RAS blockers. However, the HED diet caused testis alterations that were not affected by aliskiren or losartan. Only enalapril maleate was capable of reversing such alterations. Conclusions: Further studies are still needed to answer why only enalapril was able to reveal the morphological changes caused by the high energy diet; so enalapril could be suggested as the drug of choice for patients with previous reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luiz Alves-Pereira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane da Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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