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Pesonen T, Nurmeksela A, Hult M. The relationships between precarious employment, having a calling, and occupational well-being among young nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:762. [PMID: 38915013 PMCID: PMC11194984 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working in the healthcare sector seems less interesting than other sectors: the salary is low relative to the demands of the labour involved, and working conditions as well as management are perceived as poor. These factors may have an impact on the well-being of nurses in the healthcare sector. This study aims to explore the relationship between precarious employment and occupational well-being, in addition to the moderating effect of having a calling in this relationship among younger and older nurses. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data were collected among Finnish nurses (n = 5867) between October and November 2020. Data were collected on demographics, occupational well-being, precarious employment, and having a calling in the field. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the associations. RESULTS Younger nurses perceived lower levels of occupational well-being and calling, and higher levels of precarious employment compared to older nurses. Precarious employment had a negative relationship with occupational well-being, and having a calling showed a positive relationship with regard to occupational well-being. No interaction effect of precarious employment and having a calling with occupational well-being was found. CONCLUSIONS Young nurses' occupational well-being, precarious employment, and calling should be studied further because they are in a weaker position in working life. Using a qualitative approach should be considered in order to obtain more in-depth information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Pesonen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Nurmeksela
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Hult
- Department of Sustainable Well-being, South-Eastern University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland.
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Cavallari JM, Trudel SM, Miskovsky MN, Laguerre RA, Dugan AG. Life satisfaction and job and personal resources among public workers with non-standard work schedules. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1133. [PMID: 38654243 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the link between non-standard work schedules and poor health outcomes is established, few studies have examined how resources both in and outside of work can support the well-being of workers with non-standard work schedules. METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the association between one facet of well-being, life satisfaction, and job and personal resources. In 2019, an electronic survey was administered to two unionized, public service populations who work non-standard work schedules: transportation maintainers and correctional supervisors. We assessed life satisfaction with a 10-item scale; a broad set of job resources (reward satisfaction, supervisor support, co-worker support, schedule satisfaction, and working hours fit); and a broad set of personal resources (health status, sleep, physical activity, and finances). We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals among statistically significant univariate predictors. RESULTS Of the 316 workers surveyed, the majority were male (86%), White (68%), and reported positive life satisfaction (56%). In multivariate models, the prevalence of positive life satisfaction was higher in workers reporting reward satisfaction (PR:1.35, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.65; p = 0.003), good work schedule fit (PR:1.43, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83; p = 0.004), good health (PR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.70, 4.99; p < 0.0001), and good finances (PR:1.32, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.72; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Employers should consider increasing work recognition, as well as improving schedule fit, financial well-being, and overall good health in support of worker life satisfaction and ultimately well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cavallari
- UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, MC 6325, 06030-6325, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Kirazci F, Buyukgoze-Kavas A. Underemployment, Work Needs, and Job Satisfaction: Does Social Support Matter? Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:335. [PMID: 38667131 PMCID: PMC11047317 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Global problems that have emerged in recent years have caused an increase in underemployment rates, especially in developing countries. Researchers emphasize that underemployment has as many negative consequences as unemployment on well-being. In order to examine the variables that may buffer these consequences, we draw on the Psychology of Working Theory to propose a model in which a mediating role of psychological needs and a moderating role of social support are assumed in the relationship between underemployment and job satisfaction. We collected and analyzed data from 459 Turkish employees (181 women and 278 men) and found that underemployment was negatively related to job satisfaction and that work needs satisfaction mediated the relationship between underemployment and job satisfaction. Further, social support moderated the relationship between subjective underemployment and job satisfaction, so it was insignificant when social support was higher. These findings provide researchers and practitioners with a different perspective on underemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Kirazci
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye;
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Wang R, Yu H, Han X, Yang Y, Chen D, Niu Q, Liu Y, Zhou M, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Identifying the personal characteristics of decent work perception for nursing students in China using latent profile analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:315. [PMID: 38509488 PMCID: PMC10953217 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of perceptions of decent work for nursing students' future career choices, we attempted to determine potential classifications and characteristics of nursing students' perceptions of decent work so that targeted interventions could be developed. METHODS A convenience sample of 1004 s- to fourth-year nursing students completed the General Information Questionnaire, Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale, Occupational Identity Questionnaire, and Decent Work Perceptions Scale in a cross-sectional survey in Heilongjiang Province, China, resulting in 630 valid questionnaires with a valid return rate of 62.75%. Nursing students' perceptions of decent work were defined using descriptive and regression analysis. RESULTS Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified three subgroups: low perceived decent work group, medium perceived decent work group, and high perceived decent work group, accounting for 4.76%, 69.37%, and 25.87% of the sample, respectively. The results of unordered multiclass logistic regression show that nursing students with relatively low levels of perceived decent work are more likely to have a low professional identity, a lack of respect for nursing seniors, an involuntary choice of nursing major, and a low family income. CONCLUSION Different types of nursing students have different perceptions of decent work, and these universities and related departments can use different educational guidance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Xuanye Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Nursing General Teaching and Research Department, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Qichao Niu
- Student Work Department, Research Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Student Work Department, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Research Department, Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Student Work Department, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150000, China.
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Folse M, Bridges J, DiGiorgio A. "How Will Medicaid Work Requirements Affect American Healthcare? A Look at What Past and Present Policy Tells Us". INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241251935. [PMID: 38785255 PMCID: PMC11127572 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241251935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Many social services have work requirements. Notably, Medicaid has no requirement that healthy, able-bodied beneficiaries work to receive benefits. There have been attempts at incorporating work requirement policies into several US states, but only a few have been implemented. The effect of work requirements has been studied in several other federally funded programs such as TANF, SNAP, and historically in the Civilian Corps created by Franklin Roosevelt. In general, these programs seem to have modest improvements in employment but are better when implemented with work supports which show improvement in employment and income. In this study, we examine the history of work requirements in Medicaid and other social programs to see which policies have the most effect on enrollment and employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Folse
- LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - James Bridges
- LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Anthony DiGiorgio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Shoss M, Min H, Horan K, Schlotzhauer A, Nigam JAS, Swanson NG. Risking one's life to save one's livelihood: Precarious work, presenteeism, and worry about disease exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Occup Health Psychol 2023; 28:363-379. [PMID: 37856382 PMCID: PMC10841870 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study advances research on the negative consequences of precarious work experiences (PWE), which include perceptions of threats to one's job and financial security as well as a sense of powerlessness and inability to exercise rights in the workplace. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop, we examine how PWE relate to sickness presenteeism and worry about work-related COVID-19 exposure. In a 12-week, four-wave study of workers working fully in-person, perceptions of powerlessness and job insecurity were associated with presenteeism (e.g., general presenteeism as well as attending work with known or possible COVID-19 infection) and concerns about disease exposure at work. Whereas powerlessness primarily operated at the between-person level of analysis, job insecurity's effects emerged at both levels of analysis. A sense of powerlessness at work also predicted sending children to school/daycare sick. In sum, the findings suggest that precarity related to being able to keep one's job and a sense of powerlessness at work contribute to concerns about the risk of COVID-19 exposure at work and, simultaneously, behaviors that may contribute to the health risks faced by others. This research provides added support to the argument that precarious work should be addressed in order to improve both worker well-being and public health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Shoss
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida
- Australian Catholic University
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Blustein DL, Allan BA, Davila A, Smith CM, Gordon M, Wu X, Milo L, Whitson N. Profiles of Decent Work and Precarious Work: Exploring Macro-Level Predictors and Mental Health Outcomes. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221119473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a person-centered approach, this study explored the interrelationship between decent work and precarious work via a latent profile analysis (LPA). This investigation sought to replicate the latent profiles from Blustein and colleagues (2020) and extend the results by examining the role of individual lifetime experiences of macro-level factors (economic constraints and marginalization) as predictors and selected mental health indices (depression and anxiety) as outcomes of profile membership. Using a sample of 422 working adults in the U.S., the findings of the LPA yielded four profiles (indecent-precarious, low healthcare-low rights, highly decent, and vulnerability dominant), replicating four out of the five of the profiles identified in Blustein et al. Informed by psychology of working theory (PWT) and precarity theory, we assessed a structural model of the aforementioned predictors and outcomes in relation to profile membership. Consistent with theoretical expectations, economic constraints and marginalization positively predicted profiles that reflected greater instability and precarity. In addition, the profiles that reflected greater instability and precarity predicted both depression and anxiety. Implications for theory, counseling practice, public policy, and new directions in research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Blustein
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Blake A. Allan
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alekzander Davila
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Camille M. Smith
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Michael Gordon
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - XiYue Wu
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Milo
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Whitson
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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Bilal M, Chaudhry SA, Sharif I, Shafique O, Shahzad K. Entrepreneurial Leadership and Employee Wellbeing During COVID-19 Crisis: A Dual Mechanism Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:800584. [PMID: 35928413 PMCID: PMC9344133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.800584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the potential impacts of entrepreneurial leadership on followers' psychological wellbeing and proactive work behavior through sustainable employability and work uncertainty in a sample of 218 employees employed in SMEs of Pakistan. Hierarchical regression results demonstrated that entrepreneurial leadership was positively connected with sustainable employability and negatively linked with work uncertainty. Sequentially, sustainable employability was positively correlated with proactive work behavior and employees' psychological wellbeing, and work uncertainty was negatively associated with proactive work behavior and employees' psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, bootstrapping confirmed the mediation effects of work uncertainty and sustainable employability on proactive work behavior and the psychological wellbeing of employees. Sustainable employability did not mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and psychological wellbeing. Mediators, sustainable employability, and work uncertainty positively linked employees' psychological wellbeing and proactive work behavior. The results highlighted the significant roles of sustainable employability and work uncertainty and interpreted why entrepreneurial leadership may affect employees' positive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Sharif
- Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Owais Shafique
- Department of Islamic and Conventional Banking, Institute of Business, Management and Administrative Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Ocampo ACG, Restubog SLD, Wang L, Garcia PRJM, Tang RL. Home and away: How career adaptability and cultural intelligence facilitate international migrant workers' adjustment. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Hurless N. Psychology of working counseling framework applied to a gender diverse restaurant worker during COVID‐19. JOURNAL OF EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING 2022; 59:144-155. [PMID: 35942115 PMCID: PMC9347891 DOI: 10.1002/joec.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Blustein's psychology of working counseling (PWC) framework provides a foundation for contextualizing needs of gender diverse individuals within a turbulent employment landscape. Given the impact of COVID‐19 on the restaurant industry, many are navigating financial instability and challenges maintaining mental and physical health. The presented clinical case is situated in the context of restaurant work during a pandemic and incorporates considerations of intersecting identities including gender identity, class, and mental health. This article also provides interventions and professional development strategies based on PWC that career counselors can adapt to their own gender diverse clients in the restaurant industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hurless
- Department of Counseling Tarleton State University Fort Worth Texas USA
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Allan BA, Blustein DL. Precarious work and workplace dignity during COVID-19: A longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 136:103739. [PMID: 35615662 PMCID: PMC9122777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Trógolo MA, Moretti LS, Medrano LA. A nationwide cross-sectional study of workers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of changes in working conditions, financial hardships, psychological detachment from work and work-family interface. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35303966 PMCID: PMC8931581 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 disease has changed people’s work and income. While recent evidence has documented the adverse impact of these changes on mental health outcomes, most research is focused on frontline healthcare workers and the reported association between income loss and mental health comes from high-income countries. In this study we examine the impact of changes in working conditions and income loss related to the COVID-19 lockdown on workers’ mental health in Argentina. We also explore the role of psychological detachment from work and work-family interaction in mental health.
Methods A total of 1049 participants aged between 18 and 65 who were working before the national lockdown in March 2020 were recruited using a national random telephone survey. Work conditions included: working at the usual workplace during the pandemic, working from home with flexible or fixed schedules, and being unemployed or unable to work due to the pandemic. Measures of financial hardship included income loss and self-reported financial problems related to the outbreak. Work-family interface included measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Mental health outcomes included burnout, life satisfaction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data were collected in October 2020. Results Home-based telework under fixed schedules and unemployment impact negatively on mental health. Income loss and particularly self-reported financial problems were also associated with deterioration of mental health. More than half of the participants reported financial problems, and those who became unemployed during the pandemic experienced more often financial problems. Finally, psychological detachment from work positively influenced mental health; WFC and FWC were found to negatively impact on mental health. Conclusions Countries’ policies should focus on supporting workers facing economic hardships and unemployment to ameliorate the COVID-19’ negative impact on mental health. Organisations can protect employees’ mental health by actively encouraging psychological detachment from work and by help managing work-family interface. Longitudinal studies are needed to more thoroughly assess the long-term impact of the COVID-19-related changes in work and economic turndown on mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Sofía Moretti
- Universidad Siglo 21, Bv. de los Latinos 8555, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, República Dominicana
| | - Leonardo Adrián Medrano
- Universidad Siglo 21, Bv. de los Latinos 8555, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, República Dominicana
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McWha-Hermann I, Searle RH, Carr SC. Striving for more: Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP) and living wages. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2021.1972972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stuart C. Carr
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Schwatka NV, Dally M, Shore E, Dexter L, Tenney L, Brown CE, Newman LS. Profiles of total worker health® in United States small businesses. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1010. [PMID: 34051787 PMCID: PMC8164062 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Total Worker Health® (TWH) approach is a best practice method to protect and promote worker safety, health, and well-being. Central to this approach is leadership support and health and safety climates that support day-to-day use of health and safety policies and programs. There is some research that supports these relationships, but there is limited research amongst small businesses. Furthermore, it remains to be shown what role TWH business strategies, as reflected by organizational policies and programs, play in this process. The purpose of this study is to characterize small businesses by their organizations' TWH approach and assess the relationship of these approaches to employee health and safety behaviors. METHODS We utilized cross-sectional data from 97 businesses participating in the Small+Safe+Well study. We collected data using a business assessment tool, Healthy Workplace Assessment™, and an employee assessment tool, Employee Health and Safety Culture Survey. We used latent profile analysis at the business level to identify subgroups of businesses based on a set of characteristics from these assessments. Linear regression analysis at the employee level was used to determine profile association with employee safety and health behaviors. RESULTS There were two profiles characterized by the lowest (33% of all businesses) and highest (9%) levels of the indicators. There were also two profiles with higher scores on two of the different foci on either TWH business strategies (27%) or leadership and climate (31%). Employees working for a business with a profile that focused on leadership and climate, in addition to having a business strategy, reported the best safety and health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that employee engagement in TWH will be highest when businesses have a strategy for how they implement a TWH approach and when they demonstrate leadership commitment to these strategies and foster positive safety and health climates. Our results offer suggestions on how to use TWH assessments to develop interventions for small businesses. More research is needed to understand whether small businesses can improve upon their profile overtime, whether these changes depend on contextual factors, and whether TWH interventions can help them improve their profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Schwatka
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Miranda Dally
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Erin Shore
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lynn Dexter
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Liliana Tenney
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carol E Brown
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lee S Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl., 3rd Floor, Mail Stop B119 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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