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Huynh J, Dolan S, Karlin ET, Freeman LM, Rozanski EA, Rush JE. A Retrospective Study of Sildenafil Administration in 55 Cats with Cardiopulmonary Disease (2009-2021). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2218. [PMID: 39123744 PMCID: PMC11311068 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a drug used to successfully manage a variety of cardiopulmonary disorders in people and dogs, but there is limited information on its use in cats. The objective was to review the medical records of cats that received sildenafil as part of their clinical management. Medical records and pharmacy databases were searched for cats that received sildenafil for ≥24 h between 2009 and 2021, and data were collected from medical records. Fifty-five cats received sildenafil for ≥24 h and were included in the study: 43 with primary cardiac disease (acquired, n = 28; congenital, n = 15) and 12 with primary respiratory disease. Side effects possibly attributed to sildenafil were identified in two cats (systemic hypotension, n = 1; polydipsia, n = 1), and sildenafil was discontinued in the cat with hypotension. Sildenafil was discontinued in an additional three cats due to a lack of improvement in clinical signs. No cat was documented to develop worsening pulmonary edema within 72 h of starting sildenafil. Median duration of sildenafil administration was 87 days (range, 2-2362 days). Sildenafil administration in cats appeared to be generally well-tolerated. Studies are needed to determine whether sildenafil administration to cats with cardiopulmonary disease improves the quality of life or survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John E. Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Masche A, Breit P, Höpfner R, Schmerbach K. [Diagnosis and treatment of feline persistent ductus arteriosus: a retrospective evaluation of 17 cats]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2024; 52:88-97. [PMID: 38701804 DOI: 10.1055/a-2290-2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the signalement, clinical features, and echocardiographic findings of cats diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as well as short- and medium-term outcome after successful ligation of the PDA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over a 10-year period 17 cats were diagnosed with PDA by transthoracic echocardiography. Thirteen cats were surgically treated by thoracotomy and ligation of the PDA. RESULTS In all cats, a heart murmur was detected. In 88.2% of the cases, this presented as grade 4 out of 6 murmur (15/17 cats). A continuous murmur was more common (10/17 cats; 58.9%) than a systolic murmur (7/17 cats; 41.1%). Echocardiography showed that left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal diameter end systole (LVIDs) were significantly above reference values in the majority of cats. Mean diameter of the PDA measured at the widest point of the vessel was 3.4 mm (± 1.08 mm) and mean maximum flow velocity amounted to 5,06 m/sec (2,6m/sec-6,4m/sec). Surgery was successfully performed in all cats treated by surgical ligation and all of these patients were discharged after postoperative inpatient therapy. One cat experienced perioperative bleeding from the PDA, which was stopped efficaciously. This cat exhibited a residual shunt directly postoperatively; this could no longer be visualized in a re-check echocardiography 3 months later. Six cats were followed over a longer period of time. CONCLUSIONS The surgical prognosis in this case study is very good with a postoperative survival rate of 100%. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgical treatment of PDA is curative in animals not displaying advanced cardiac lesions. The auscultation of a heart murmur can provide initial findings indicative of PDA. Therefore, cardiac auscultation is warranted at every first presentation of a kitten. It must however be taken into consideration that not every cat with PDA necessarily has a continuous murmur but may display a systolic heart murmur. Therefore, it is important give utmost attention to the patients' clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Masche
- Kleintierspezialisten, Dres. Schmerbach & Höpfner GmbH, Berlin
| | - Peter Breit
- Kleintierspezialisten, Dres. Schmerbach & Höpfner GmbH, Berlin
| | - Robert Höpfner
- Kleintierspezialisten, Dres. Schmerbach & Höpfner GmbH, Berlin
| | - Kay Schmerbach
- Kleintierspezialisten, Dres. Schmerbach & Höpfner GmbH, Berlin
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3
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Rolph KE, Cavanaugh SM. Feline pulmonary hypertension: are we overlooking an important comorbidity? J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e636-e646. [PMID: 36350715 PMCID: PMC10812373 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221127233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a potential complication in many disease states, yet it has been largely overlooked in feline medicine. Recently, increased awareness of potential underlying causes has led to a wider understanding of the disease process in humans, with a focus on tailoring therapy to include specific treatment of the underlying etiology. Most of these treatments are not yet available in veterinary medicine, but as they move from the human to the veterinary field, it would be beneficial to better understand the forms of PH encountered in different species. Recently, diagnosis and classification of PH in dogs has been the focus of an American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement, yet this condition has received little attention in cats. It is therefore our intention to raise awareness of this condition in cats and to propose a classification system for the types of PH seen in feline patients. As new medications are developed for the treatment of PH, it is important to recognize which forms of PH are seen in feline patients and understand the etiology of the disease. There are many reports of PH (or suspected PH based on echocardiographic assessment) in cats. In this review, we highlight the large number of conditions, and different etiologies, that are associated with PH. Improving understanding of this condition will bring us closer to being able to investigate the benefits of potential new diagnostics and therapies as they become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Rolph
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334 Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Sarah M Cavanaugh
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334 Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
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Left Pulmonary Artery Coarctation Associated with Pneumonia and Pulmonary Hypertension in a Cat. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120325. [PMID: 34941852 PMCID: PMC8708697 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A five-month-old European shorthair female kitten was referred because of recurrent episodes of respiratory distress. Results of physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography led to a presumptive diagnosis of severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and interstitial pneumonia associated with right-sided cardiac remodeling. The cat rapidly died because of respiratory insufficiency. Pulmonary and cardiovascular pathological findings evidenced left pulmonary artery coarctation, severe right-sided cardiac hypertrophy, and bilateral pneumonia. This is the first report of pulmonary artery coarctation associated with pneumonia and PH in a cat.
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Greet V, Bode EF, Dukes-McEwan J, Oliveira P, Connolly DJ, Sargent J. Clinical features and outcome of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right-to-left shunting patent ductus arteriosus. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:780-788. [PMID: 33634497 PMCID: PMC7995355 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies describing the clinical progression of animals with reverse patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are lacking. Objectives To describe the signalment, presenting signs, echocardiographic features, and survival in a group of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right‐to‐left PDA. Animals Forty‐six client‐owned animals included, comprising 43 dogs and 3 cats with bidirectional or continuous right‐to‐left PDA. Methods Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records and echocardiographic findings reviewed from animals diagnosed with bidirectional or continuous right‐to‐left PDA. Impact of ductal morphology, spectral Doppler flow profile, PCV, sildenafil treatment at presentation, sildenafil dose, severity of pulmonary hypertension, general anesthesia with or without surgery and the presence of right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF) on crude mortality rate were evaluated via Mantel‐Cox log rank comparison of Kaplan‐Meier survival curves. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed, and hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was presented. Results Hindlimb collapse was the most common presenting sign in dogs (n = 16). Clinical signs in cats were variable. Median survival time was 626 days in dogs (range 1‐3628 days). Dogs with R‐CHF had a shorter median survival time (58 days vs 1839 days, P = .03). Dogs treated with sildenafil at initial presentation survived longer (1839 days vs 302 days, P = .03), which was the only independent predictor of survival (HR 0.35, CI 0.15‐0.86, P = 0.021). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs and cats with reverse PDA have a variable clinical presentation and prognosis. Survival time was longer in animals prescribed sildenafil at diagnosis. Dogs with R‐CHF at presentation have a worse overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Greet
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Unit 6 Forest Corner Farm, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Bode
- CVS Referrals, ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, E&F Telford Court, Chester, UK
| | - Joanna Dukes-McEwan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester, UK
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Connolly
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Julia Sargent
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
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Vezzosi T, Perrucci S, Parisi F, Morelli S, Maestrini M, Mennuni G, Traversa D, Poli A. Fatal Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure in a Kitten Infected with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122263. [PMID: 33271887 PMCID: PMC7759851 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infections caused by lungworms are an emerging issue in feline medicine. Clinical features in cats may vary from subclinical infections to a severe disease, occasionally including fatal pneumonia, depending on different factors, e.g., lungworm species, parasitic burden, and age of the animal. A case of infection caused by Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in a domestic kitten presenting acute dyspnoea and ascites is presented here. Clinical, radiological, echocardiographic, parasitological, molecular, and pathological data are described. This is the first report of life-threatening pulmonary hypertension inducing congestive heart failure caused by A. abstrusus infection in a domestic kitten. Abstract Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is considered the most important respiratory nematode of domestic cats worldwide. This parasite inhabits the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles and causes a subacute to chronic respiratory clinical disease. Clinical signs may occur in domestic cats of any age, though they are more often described in young animals. Physical examination, echocardiography, thoracic radiography, pulmonary and cardiac pathological findings, classical, and molecular parasitological analysis of a six-month-old kitten referred at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Pisa (Italy) led to a diagnosis of parasitic bronchopneumonia caused by A. abstrusus, which was complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right-sided congestive heart failure (R-CHF) that caused the death of the animal. Cases of reversible PH associated with A. abstrusus infection have been seldom reported in cats. This is the first report of fatal PH and R-CHF in a kitten with clinical aelurostrongylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.V.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.V.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.V.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Simone Morelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Michela Maestrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.V.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Giulia Mennuni
- Studio Associato Veterinario Razzauti Daolio Anguillesi, 57100 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Donato Traversa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.V.); (S.P.); (F.P.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Pulmonary artery banding in a kitten with a partial atrioventricular septal defect. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 24:20-27. [PMID: 31405551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 9-month-old kitten with increased resting respiratory rate and exercise intolerance was diagnosed with a congenital partial atrioventricular septal defect causing pulmonary over circulation and presumed pulmonary hypertension based on echocardiogram. Invasive pressure measurements and contrast angiography confirmed this diagnosis. The cat underwent pulmonary artery banding under general anesthesia. Findings of echocardiogram 10 days postoperatively suggested reduced left-to-right shunt volume. Echocardiographic findings were static 4 months postoperatively.
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Vezzosi T, Schober KE. Doppler-derived echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension in cats with left-sided congestive heart failure. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 23:58-68. [PMID: 31174730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by left-sided congestive heart failure (L-CHF) is common in dogs and contributes to clinical signs and outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Doppler echocardiography-derived PH in a population of cats with L-CHF. ANIMALS The study involved 131 cats with L-CHF and 56 control cats. METHODS The study design is retrospective, observational study. Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, right atrial dimension, right ventricular (RV) dimension and function, RV wall thickness, pulmonary artery (PA) dimension, Doppler-derived systolic time intervals of PA flow, and presence of septal flattening were evaluated. Pulmonary hypertension was considered if tricuspid regurgitation velocity was >2.7 m/s. RESULTS Tricuspid regurgitation was present in 57/131 (44%) of cats with L-CHF and 24/56 (43%) in control cats based on color flow Doppler. Doppler-derived of PH was identified in 22/131 cats with L-CHF (17%). In 15/22 cats, PH was associated with cardiomyopathy, in 5/22 cases with congenital heart disease, and in 2/22 cases with other causes. Cats with Doppler-derived PH more often had chronic L-CHF, as opposed to acute L-CHF (p<0.05). All cats with Doppler-derived PH had subjectively-assessed right-sided heart enlargement, with larger right atrial and RV diameters (p<0.001), increased RV wall thickness (p<0.05), and higher prevalence of septal flattening (<0.001) and PA enlargement (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary hypertension identified by Doppler echocardiography is not a common finding in cats with L-CHF. Right-sided heart enlargement, more frequently observed, may raise the suspicion of PH in cats with L-CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, via Livornese, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - K E Schober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Jaffey JA, Williams KJ, Masseau I, Krueger M, Reinero C. Vasoproliferative process resembling pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in a cat. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:72. [PMID: 28320395 PMCID: PMC5359803 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is a rare, vascular obstructive disorder that uniformly causes pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clinically, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is indistinguishable from primary pulmonary arterial hypertension and histology is required for definitive diagnosis. The distinctive histologic feature of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is non-malignant extensive proliferation of capillaries in the alveolar septae. Vasodilator treatment of humans with primary arterial hypertension due to pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis can result in fatal acute pulmonary edema. Computed tomography is thus critical to discern pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis from other causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension prior to vasodilator therapy. This is the first report of a vasoproliferative process resembling pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in the feline species. CASE PRESENTATION A 15-year-old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat presented for persistent labored breathing presumptively due to congestive heart failure despite treatment with diuretics for 7 days. Echocardiography showed evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe pulmonary hypertension; however, a normal sized left atrium was not consistent with congestive heart failure. Thoracic computed tomography was performed and showed evidence of diffuse ill-defined nodular ground glass opacities, enlarged pulmonary arteries, and filling defects consistent with pulmonary thromboembolism. The cat acutely decompensated after a single dose of sildenafil and was euthanized. Histopathology of the lungs showed severe multifocal alveolar capillary proliferation with respiratory bronchiolar infiltration, marked type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and multifocal pulmonary arterial thrombosis. CONCLUSION This is the first description in a cat of a vasoproliferative disorder resembling pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis complicated by multifocal pulmonary arterial thrombosis. Inspiratory and expiratory ventilator-driven breath holds with angiography revealed lesions predominantly characterized by ground glass opacification and vascular filling defects with absence of air trapping. The results from this report suggest that, as in humans, the cat can develop a pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis-like disease in which vasodilator therapy to address pulmonary hypertension may lead to fatal pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jaffey
- University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K J Williams
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Masseau
- Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - M Krueger
- Veterinary Specialty Hopsital of Hong Kong, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - C Reinero
- University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Bascuñán A, Thieman Mankin K, Saunders A, Bright J, Scharf V, Singh A, O'Sullivan L, Brisson B, Estrada A, Tou S, Ruoff C. Patent ductus arteriosus in cats (Felis catus): 50 cases (2000–2015). J Vet Cardiol 2017; 19:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sequential segmental classification of feline congenital heart disease. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S10-52. [PMID: 26776571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline congenital heart disease is less commonly encountered in veterinary medicine than acquired feline heart diseases such as cardiomyopathy. Understanding the wide spectrum of congenital cardiovascular disease demands a familiarity with a variety of lesions, occurring both in isolation and in combination, along with an appreciation of complex nomenclature and variable classification schemes. This review begins with an overview of congenital heart disease in the cat, including proposed etiologies and prevalence, examination approaches, and principles of therapy. Specific congenital defects are presented and organized by a sequential segmental classification with respect to their morphologic lesions. Highlights of diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis are offered. It is hoped that this review will provide a framework for approaching congenital heart disease in the cat, and more broadly in other animal species based on the sequential segmental approach, which represents an adaptation of the common methodology used in children and adults with congenital heart disease.
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Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Burrow R, Mõtsküla P, Martin M, Dukes-McEwan J. Clinical findings and treatment outcomes for cats diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus in the UK: a retrospective study of 19 cases (2004-2012). Vet Rec 2016; 179:17. [PMID: 27302919 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Burrow
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool; Neston Cheshire UK
| | - P. Mõtsküla
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College; North Mymms Hertfordshire UK
| | - M. Martin
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands UK
| | - J. Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool; Neston Cheshire UK
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13
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Saunders A, Birch S. Three-dimensional modeling of a patent ductus arteriosus in a cat. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17 Suppl 1:S349-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Ferasin L, DeFrancesco T. Management of acute heart failure in cats. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17 Suppl 1:S173-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Russell DS, Scansen BA, Himmel L. Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a cat with non-restrictive ventricular septal defect and chronic pulmonary hypertension. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:524-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Russell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - B. A. Scansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - L. Himmel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Columbus OH 43210 USA
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