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Xiang Y, He J, Bai R, Gou H, Luo F, Huang X, Zhang Z. Hounsfield Units as an Independent Predictor of Failed Percutaneous Drainage of Spinal Tuberculosis Paraspinal Abscess Under Computed Tomography Guidance. Neurospine 2023; 20:1389-1398. [PMID: 38171305 PMCID: PMC10762385 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2346820.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of Hounsfield units (HUs) as an independent predictor of failed percutaneous drainage of spinal tuberculosis paraspinal abscess under computed tomography (CT) guidance. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous drainage for spinal tuberculosis paraspinal abscess between October 2017 and October 2020. Preoperative CT scans were used to measure the HUs of the abscess. Patients were categorized into successful drainage (n = 49) and failed drainage (n = 12) groups. Statistical analysis involved independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests to compare between the 2 groups. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictive factors for drainage failure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to ascertain risk factor thresholds and diagnostic performance. RESULTS Among the patients, 49 experienced successful drainage while 12 faced drainage failure. The mean HUs of abscesses in the failed drainage group were significantly higher than those in the successful drainage group (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.897 (95% confidence interval, 0.808-0.986) for predicting drainage failure based on HUs. The optimal HU cutoff value for predicting drainage failure was 22.3, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 69.4%. CONCLUSION HUs are an independent predictor of failed percutaneous drainage of spinal tuberculosis paraspinal abscess under CT guidance. The HU value of 22.3 can be used as an initial screening threshold for predicting the success or failure of drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyue He
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruonan Bai
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huorong Gou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuequan Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tang ZQ, Zhao DP, Dong AJ, Li HB. Blood purification for treatment of non-liquefied multiple liver abscesses and improvement of T-cell function: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:6515-6522. [PMID: 37900233 PMCID: PMC10600992 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-liquefied multiple liver abscesses (NMLA) can induce sepsis, septic shock, sepsis-associated kidney injury (SA-AKI), and multiple organ failure. The inability to perform ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage to eradicate the primary disease may allow for the persistence of bacterial endotoxins and endogenous cytokines, exacerbating organ damage, and potentially causing immunosuppression and T-cell exhaustion. Therefore, the search for additional effective treatments that complement antibiotic therapy is of great importance. CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old critically ill female patient presented to our hospital's intensive care unit with intermittent vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased urine output. The patient exhibited a temperature of 37.8 °C. Based on the results of liver ultrasonography, laboratory tests, fever, and oliguria, the patient was diagnosed with NMLA, sepsis, SA-AKI, and immunosuppression. We administered antibiotic therapy, entire care, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with an M100 hemofilter, and hemoperfusion (HP) with an HA380 hemofilter. The aforementioned treatment resulted in a substantial reduction in disease severity scores and a decrease in the extent of infection and inflammatory factors. In addition, the treatment stimulated the expansion of the cluster of differentiation 8+ (CD8+) T-cells and led to the complete recovery of renal function. The patient was discharged from the hospital. During the follow-up period of 28 d, she recovered successfully. CONCLUSION Based on the entire therapeutic regimen, the early combination of CRRT and HP therapy may control sepsis caused by NMLA and help control infections, reduce inflammatory responses, and improve CD8+ T-cell immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Tang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - A-Jing Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Tran M, Tran P. Giant Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess in the left liver lobe presenting with dyspepsia and vaginal discharge. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254474. [PMID: 37185248 PMCID: PMC10151981 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) commonly occurs in the right liver lobe, causing the typical symptoms of fever and right upper quadrant pain. Less than one-third of cases occur in the left lobe. We describe an unusual presentation of a giant left-sided PLA that was compressing the stomach and surrounding venous vasculature, causing the respective symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux and vaginal discharge from secondary pelvic congestion syndrome. CT revealed a solitary 14 cm×10 cm×10 cm multiloculated lesion, replacing most of the left liver lobe. It was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage, resulting in complete resolution at 1-year follow-up. This case explores the predisposing risk factor of diabetes in PLA and its association with Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was the offending pathogen in our patient. We also discuss the phenomenon of secondary pelvic venous congestion syndrome and compare similar cases of left-sided PLA, highlighting the different modes of presentation and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick Tran
- Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Justo I, Vega V, Marcacuzco A, Caso Ó, García-Conde M, Manrique A, Calvo J, García-Sesma Á, San Juan R, Fernández-Ruiz M, Rivas C, Calero MR, Jiménez-Romero C. Risk factors indicating the need for surgical therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:97. [PMID: 36808482 PMCID: PMC9942623 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous drainage (PD) and antibiotics are the therapy of choice (non-surgical therapy [non-ST]) for pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA), reserving surgical therapy (ST) for PD failure. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify risk factors that indicate the need for ST. METHODS We reviewed the medical charts of all of our institution's adult patients with a diagnosis of PLA between January 2000 and November 2020. A series of 296 patients with PLA was divided into two groups according to the therapy used: ST (n = 41 patients) and non-ST (n = 255). A comparison between groups was performed. RESULTS The overall median age was 68 years. Demographics, clinical history, underlying pathology, and laboratory variables were similar in both groups, except for the duration of PLA symptoms < 10 days and leukocyte count which were significantly higher in the ST group. The in-hospital mortality rate in the ST group was 12.2% vs. 10.2% in the non-ST group (p = 0.783), with biliary sepsis and tumor-related abscesses as the most frequent causes of death. Hospital stay and PLA recurrence were statistically insignificant between groups. One-year actuarial patient survival was 80.2% in the ST group vs. 84.6% in the non-ST (p = 0.625) group. The presence of underlying biliary disease, intra-abdominal tumor, and duration of symptoms for less than 10 days on presentation comprised the risk factors that indicated the need to perform ST. CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence regarding the decision to perform ST, but according to this study, the presence of underlying biliary disease or an intra-abdominal tumor and the duration of PLA symptoms < 10 days upon presentation are risk factors that should sway the surgeons to perform ST instead of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Justo
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Vega
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Caso
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Conde
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Manrique
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro García-Sesma
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael San Juan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rivas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Calero
- Department of Radiology, "Doce de Octubre" Hospital, Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Romero
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, 4ª Floor Ctra Andalucía Km 5,4, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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JinHua C, YaMan L, Jian L. Double pigtail tube drainage for large multiloculated pyogenic liver abscesses. Front Surg 2023; 9:1106348. [PMID: 36713673 PMCID: PMC9877412 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of double pigtail tube drainage compared with single pigtail tube drainage for the treatment of multiloculated pyogenic liver abscesses greater than 5 cm. Patients and Methods This study retrospectively analyzed patients with pyogenic liver abscess admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College between May 2013 and May 2021. Patients with pyogenic liver abscess more than 5 cm in size, who underwent drainage of the abscess with either double pigtail or single pigtail tube, were included. Results A total of 97 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses larger than 5 cm were studied. These included 34 patients with double pigtail tube drainage and 63 patients with single pigtail tube drainage. The postoperative hospital stay (13.39 ± 4.21 days vs. 15.67 ± 7.50 days; P = 0.045), and time for removal of the catheter (17.23 ± 3.70 days vs. 24.11 ± 5.83 days; P = 0.038) were lower in the double pigtail tube group compared with the single pigtail tube group. The rate of reduction, in three days, of c-reactive protein levels was 26.61 ± 14.11 mg/L/day in the double pigtail tube group vs. 20.06 ± 11.74 mg/L/day in the single pigtail tube group (P = 0.025). The diameter of the abscess cavity at discharge was 3.1 ± 0.07 cm in the double pigtail tube group as compared with 3.7 ± 0.6 cm in the single pigtail tube group (P = 0.047). There was no bleeding in any of the patients despite abnormal coagulation profiles. There was no recurrence of abscess within six months of discharge and no death in the double pigtail tube group. Conclusion: Double pigtail tube drainage treatment in multiloculated pyogenic liver abscesses greater than 5 cm in size, is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui JinHua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Liu YaMan
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Li Jian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China,Correspondence: Li Jian
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Abstract
Surgical emergencies are common in the critical care setting and require prompt diagnosis and management. Here, we discuss some of the surgical emergencies involving the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and genitourinary sites. In addition, foreign body aspiration and necrotizing soft-tissue infections have been elaborated. Clinicians should be aware of the risk factors, keys examination findings, diagnostic modalities, and medical as well as surgical treatment options for these potentially fatal illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Saini
- Division of Infectious Disease (Drs Saini and Bhanot), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Drs Saini and Ashraf), Department of General Surgery (Dr Babowice), and Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care (Ms Hamilton and Dr Khan), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Alzibdeh AH, Alamami AA, Adam M, Almaslamani M, Hadi HA. A complex presentation of an uncommon disease: Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess complicated by septic pulmonary emboli and muscle abscesses, a case report and review of the literature. IDCases 2022; 31:e01673. [PMID: 36632483 PMCID: PMC9827024 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is the most common type of visceral abscess. Its variable clinical presentation depends on patient demography, underlying conditions, causative pathogens as well as the size of the abscess. Most cases are secondary to enteric pathogens that cause focal liver disease. Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess (GFPLA) is a rare subgroup of PLA characterized by the presence of gas within the abscess. The disease is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) while Klebsiella penumoniae is the most frequently isolated pathogen. Despite appropriate evaluation and management, secondary complications are common with significant morbidity and mortality that necessitate prompt recognition and management. Case presentation We present a case of a 46-year-old gentleman from Bangladesh who presented to the emergency department with fever, chills, and right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort. Evaluation revealed elevated inflammatory markers with high blood glucose and a subdiaphragmatic lucency on a plain chest radiograph. The suspected underlying visceral infection was confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography which demonstrated an emphysematous abscess of 8 cm in diameter in the right liver lobe.Because of clinical instability, the patient was admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) where he received appropriate supportive management with antimicrobials and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. Cultures collected from blood, the abscess, and urine grew a sensitive strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. During his stay in the MICU, he complained of dyspnea. A CT pulmonary angiography was suggestive of septic emboli. A few days later, the patient started to complain of left gluteal pain and an US revealed a deep left gluteal abscess which required drainage. Cultures of the pus grew the same sensitive strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. After receiving 6 weeks of parenteral antimicrobial therapy a repeated US revealed complete resolution of the abscess in the liver. Outpatient follow up showed favorable recovery. Conclusion Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess (GFPLA) is a rare manifestation of pyogenic liver abscess that usually occurs in patients with poorly controlled DM. Despite appropriate evaluation, morbidity remains high therefore timely recognition and anticipation of complications is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel H. Alzibdeh
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar,Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar,Correspondence to: Hamad Medical Corporation, P O Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ans A. Alamami
- Department of Critical Care, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Adam
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Muna Almaslamani
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar,Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar
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Liu Y, Li Z, Liu A, Xu J, Li Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu H. Early percutaneous catheter drainage in protecting against prolonged fever among patients with pyogenic liver abscess: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Med 2022; 54:2269-2277. [PMID: 35975970 PMCID: PMC9387318 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) has been viewed as first-line treatment for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA), yet detailed guidance is lacking for best practice of PCD. This study investigated characteristics of patients with PLA who had received PCD, identified factors associated with prolonged fever, and aimed to evaluate the relationship between timing of PCD and clinical improvement. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with PLA who had undergone PCD over a 7-year period. PCD performed when the liquefaction degree of abscesses was less than 30% and/or within 1 week after fever onset was defined as early PCD. Patients were grouped and analysed based on the timing of PCD (early vs. delayed). Factors associated with prolonged fever were also analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Among 231 patients with PLA, 81 treated with PCD were included in the study after exclusion. The size of abscesses ranged from 3.4 to 16 cm in diameter. Interestingly, the abscesses were predominantly multiloculated in this cohort (82.7%). The most common pathogen isolated from pus was Klebsiella pneumoniae (60.5%), followed by Escherichia coli (8.6%). The duration of fever was significantly shortened with early PCD as compared to delayed PCD intervention (p = .042). No statistical differences were found between the two groups with regard to catheter adjustment and salvage drainage. Maximum body temperature and diameter of abscess > 7.5 cm were found to be associated with prolonged fever while early PCD was inversely related to prolonged fever. Multivariate analysis suggested that early PCD treatment was an independent protective factor of prolonged fever (p = .030). CONCLUSIONS Large abscesses with loculation could be successfully treated with PCD, and early PCD protected patients with PLA from prolonged fever. Our findings suggest that early intervention should be provided if PCD is indicated in clinical practice.KEY MESSAGESLarge abscesses and multiloculated abscesses can be treated with percutaneous catheter drainage.Early percutaneous catheter drainage is identified as a protective factor of prolonged fever among patients with pyogenic liver abscesses.Early intervention should be provided if percutaneous catheter drainage is indicated for pyogenic liver abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zexi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anlei Liu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jihai Liu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yecheng Liu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Zhu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Boaz E, Ben-Chetrit E, Bokhobza Y, Yellinek S, Ben-Haim M, Reissman P, Dagan A. Pyogenic Liver Abscess: Contemporary Trends in a Tertiary Institute. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:4752880. [PMID: 36567774 PMCID: PMC9750783 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4752880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition. In recent years, advances in diagnostics and management have led to early diagnosis and treatment and decreased mortality. We present recent data from a large series of patients with PLA and examine the trends in the management of PLA over a period of 50 years. METHODS The medical records of all patients admitted to the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Israel, between January 2011 and December 2021 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of PLA were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS : Ninety-five patients with PLA were identified. Thirty-eight (40%) were female. The median patient age was 66 years (range 18-93). The diagnosis of PLA in all patients was confirmed with abdominal computed tomography (CT). In twenty patients (21.1%), PLA was not diagnosed by the initial abdominal US. Most abscesses were right-sided. Biliary tract origin was the most common underlying cause of PLA (n = 57, 60%), followed by cryptogenic etiology (n = 28, 30%). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus species were most commonly identified. The most common primary treatment modality was percutaneous drainage (PD), which was performed in 81 patients (85.3%). Fourteen patients (14.7%) were treated medically without intervention, and two patients (2.1%) were treated surgically following a failure of PD. Four patients died as a direct result of PLA. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with PLA are older, the male predominance is less pronounced, and the offending pathogens are likely to originate from the biliary tract. This study questions the utility of abdominal US as the initial diagnostic imaging in patients with suspected PLA (versus CT) and demonstrates improved outcomes for patients with PLA over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Boaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Surgical Department, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Ben-Chetrit
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonathan Bokhobza
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Surgical Department, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Yellinek
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Surgical Department, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menahem Ben-Haim
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Surgical Department, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Petachia Reissman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Surgical Department, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Dagan
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Surgical Department, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abad-Santos M, Shin DS, Monroe EJ, Patel A, Gui SX, Chick JFB. Evacuation of Multiloculated Pyogenic Hepatic Abscesses Using Inari Triever Aspiration Catheter (FlowTriever). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 45:384-386. [PMID: 34796372 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-03005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Abad-Santos
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David S Shin
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,The Deep Vein Institute, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric J Monroe
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Aanand Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sean X Gui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,The Deep Vein Institute, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Bleeding risk of image-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of pyogenic liver abscess in patients with coagulopathy. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4460-4466. [PMID: 33861357 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is the mainstream treatment for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). However, in some patients with severe coagulopathy, there may increase the risk of bleeding complications related to PCD. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of bleeding complications of PCD in PLA patients complicated with coagulopathy. METHODS Between January 2011 and September 2019, patients diagnosed with PLA who had undergone PCD were selected retrospectively. Based on the preoperative coagulation parameters, the patients were divided into the coagulopathy group (PLT ≤ 50 × 109/L or INR ≥ 1.5) and the normal coagulation group. The major and minor bleeding complications related to PCD were compared between the two groups. The ICU occupancy and mortality rates in the coagulopathy group were assessed and compared with patients of normal coagulation group. RESULTS A total of 583 PLA patients subjected to PCD were selected. 522 patients were finally included in this study: 64 cases (12.26%) in the coagulopathy group and 458 cases (87.74%) in the normal coagulation group. No major bleeding complications related to PCD was observed. Two patients (0.38%) of minor bleeding complications, one patient in each group, showed no statistically significant difference (0.2% vs.1.6%, P > 0.05). The ICU occupancy rate of coagulopathy group was significantly higher than normal coagulation group (6.2% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.05). No significant difference in mortality rate was noted between the two groups (4.7% vs.1.5%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of bleeding complications related to PCD in PLA patients is rare even if complicated with coagulopathy.
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Kwon J, Pruden K, Mohseni MM. Rapidly developing, large pyogenic liver abscesses in the setting of pancreatic cancer. Proc AMIA Symp 2021; 34:507-509. [PMID: 34219941 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1901835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of multiple, giant, polymicrobial pyogenic liver abscesses that developed within 3 months in a patient with a recent pancreatic cancer diagnosis. He presented with fatigue, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, dyspnea, and lower extremity edema and was treated with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous hepatic abscess catheter placement. Abscess fluid cultures were polymicrobial. Unfortunately, he developed septic shock with bacteremia and multiorgan failure and died after 6 days of hospitalization. Pyogenic liver abscesses are increasingly common in the United States, especially those associated with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kathryn Pruden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Michael M Mohseni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Wang H, Ren Y, Liu Z, Chang Z. Multiple septae as potential protective factors against spontaneous pyogenic liver abscess rupture: a propensity score matching analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:992-997. [PMID: 32939635 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The symptoms of spontaneous rupture of a pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) are severe and often life-threatening. Multiple septae are important imaging features of PLA. However, the relationship between septation and abscess rupture is still under debate. METHODS Patients diagnosed with PLA from January 2011 to November 2019 in our hospital were included. We collected demographic, clinical, and computed tomography data. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined liver abscess rupture risk factors. The relationship between multiple septae and abscess rupture was evaluated by propensity score matching after matching other influencing factors. RESULTS A total of 583 patients of pyogenic liver abscesses were included in the study: 30 ruptured and 553 unruptured. Multivariate analysis revealed diabetes, single lesion, gas formation, left hepatic lobe location, and a diameter > 66.5 mm as independent risk factors for ruptures, while multiple septae were identified as a protective factor. After matching all the influencing factors (excluding multiple septae), multiple septae and abscess rupture maintain a negative relationship. CONCLUSIONS Multiple septae were identified as a potentially protective factor against spontaneous pyogenic liver abscess ruptures.
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Management Practices and Predictors of Outcome of Liver Abscess in Adults: A Series of 1630 Patients from a Liver Unit. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:312-320. [PMID: 33994714 PMCID: PMC8103324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management practices of liver abscess (LA) have evolved over time. The precise diagnosis of etiology and complications is pivotal for appropriate management. METHODS Descriptive analyses of consecutive patients treated for LA using electronic medical records at a liver unit between years 2010 and 2020 and investigate relationships between clinical, imaging, laboratory and microbiological findings, treatment strategies and mortality. RESULTS Of 1630 LA patients, the most common aetiologies were amoebic liver abscess (ALA; 81%) and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA; 10.3%, mainly related to biliary disease and/or obstruction). Abdominal pain (86%) and fever (85.3%) were the commonest presenting symptoms (median duration-10 days). Almost 10% had jaundice at presentation, 31.1% were diabetic, 35.5% had chronic alcohol use and 3.3% had liver cirrhosis. Nearly 54% LA were solitary, 77.7% localized to the right liver lobe (most commonly segment VII/VIII). Patients with large LA (>10 cm, 11.9%) had more frequent jaundice and abscess rupture (p-0.01). Compared with ALA, patients with PLA were older, more often had multiple and bilobar abscesses with local complications. Over four-fifth of the patients received percutaneous interventions (catheter drainage [PCD; 36.1%] alone and needle aspiration [PNA] plus PCD [34.1%] as most common). Fifty-eight patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for intrabiliary abscess rupture (n = 36) or cholangitic abscess (n = 22). The median duration of hospital stay and PCD were 7 (4-10) days and 5 (4-8 days), respectively. The overall in-hospital mortality was 1.1%. Presence of septic encephalopathy (HR: 20.8; 95% CI: 1.9-220.7; p-0.012), liver cirrhosis (HR: 20.1; 95% CI: 2.7-146.9; p-0.003) and jaundice (HR: 7.6; 95% CI:1.7-33.1; p-0.006) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS The commonest presentation was middle age male with right lobe solitary ALA. Patients with large, bilobar and/or pyogenic abscess had more complications. Nearly 70% patients require percutaneous interventions, which if given early improve treatment outcomes. Presence of jaundice, liver cirrhosis and septic encephalopathy were independent predictors of mortality.
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Key Words
- ALA, amoebic liver abscess
- CI, Confidence interval
- ERC, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
- HR, Hazard ratio
- IHA, indirect haemagglutination assay
- IQR, Interquartile range
- KPC, Carbapenemase producing Klebsiella
- LA, Liver abscess
- MELD, Model for end-stage liver disease
- PCD, percutaneous catheter drainage
- PLA, pyogenic liver abscess
- PNA, percutaneous needle aspiration
- SD, standard deviation
- amebiasis
- drainage
- liver abscess
- pyogenic
- treatment
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Ren Y, Wang H, Chang Z, Liu Z. Clinical and computed tomography features of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:416. [PMID: 32539687 PMCID: PMC7296744 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the primary pathogen associated with pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs). Moreover, there has been an increase in the proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing KP. However, the clinical and computed tomography (CT) features of liver abscesses caused by ESBL-producing KP have not been separately described. We aimed to compare the clinical and CT features present in patients with ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing KP as well as to determine the risk factors for ESBL-producing KP liver abscesses (KPLAs). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data obtained from the medical records of patients with a first episode of KPLA admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between May 2015 and May 2019. We compared the clinical and CT features between patients with ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing KPLA. Results We enrolled 100 patients with KPLA (14 and 86 in the ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing groups, respectively). There was no significant between-group difference in the proportion of patients with comorbid diabetes (71.43% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.086). The ESBL-producing KPLA group had a greater proportion of patients with a history of biliary disease (78.57% vs. 26.74%, p < 0.001) and gastrointestinal malignancy (50% vs. 6.98%, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that a history of biliary disease was an independent risk factor for ESBL-producing KPLA. Compared with the non-ESBL-producing KPLA group, the ESBL-producing KPLA group had a significantly higher intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate (28.57% vs. 2.33%, p < 0.001). All ESBL-producing KP isolates were susceptible to carbapenems and amikacin. Only the presence of multiloculation on CT was found to be significantly different between the groups (50% vs. 82.56%, p = 0.012). Conclusions The presence of biliary disease was an independent risk factor for ESBL-producing KPLA. Patients with ESBL-producing KPLA had a higher ICU admission rate, with only half of patients having evidence of multiloculation on CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
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McNeil T, Daniel S, Gordon DL. Management of pyogenic liver abscess: a South Australian experience. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:2274-2278. [PMID: 32455495 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been declining mortality rates associated with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in recent decades due to improvements in percutaneous drainage techniques, access to imaging and improvements in supportive care. The aim of this study was to analyse the aetiology, management and outcome of PLA at a tertiary hospital in Adelaide. METHODS Data was collected retrospectively from 80 patients who were admitted with a PLA between 2011 and 2018. The data points covered demographic variables, presumed aetiology, microbiology results, abscess imaging characteristics, interventions, antibiotic treatment, complications and mortality. RESULTS The majority of patients were Caucasian (86%) and the most common predisposing conditions were biliary tract disease (39%), intra-abdominal infection (20%) and diabetes (18%). Escherichia coli (21%), Klebsiella species (18%), Streptococcus anginosus group (14%) and anaerobes (18%) were the most frequent pathogens isolated. Fifty-one percent of patients were bacteraemic. Percutaneous catheter insertion (45%) was the most common form of drainage followed by percutaneous aspiration (13%), surgery (11%) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (6%), while 25% of patients did not undergo any form of drainage. Twenty-four patients (30%) suffered a complication with the highest proportion occurring in the medically managed group. The overall mortality rate was 9% with only 1% mortality rate attributable to PLA. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a continued preference for percutaneous drainage techniques over surgery in the management of PLA. A significant proportion of patients did not undergo abscess drainage and the risk of subsequent complications appeared to concentrate in this group, although the mortality rate from PLA was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McNeil
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Santhosh Daniel
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Chin YK, Asokkumar R. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of difficult-to-access liver abscesses. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120921273. [PMID: 32435490 PMCID: PMC7222655 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120921273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage have been the first-line treatments for liver abscesses. However, percutaneous drainage of abscesses may be challenging in difficult-to-access locations such as the caudate lobe. The aim of this review was to determine the indications, technical feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of difficult-to-access liver abscesses. METHODS A literature review of original articles, abstracts, case series and case reports describing endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver abscess drainage was performed. The indications, techniques and complications associated with endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were identified. The main indications were failed antibiotic therapy and difficulty in gaining percutaneous access. The technique involved identification and puncturing of an abscess under endoscopic ultrasound guidance followed by placement of a prosthesis via a guide wire. The technique was 97.5% successful with no major complications reported. CONCLUSION Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage was feasible and safe and allowed complete drainage of liver abscesses not accessible by percutaneous drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Ka Chin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ravishankar Asokkumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Xu S, Shi BQ, Chao LM, Tan YS, Zhang XJ. Prognostic nomogram for the combination therapy of percutaneous catheter drainage and antibiotics in pyogenic liver abscess patients. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:393-402. [PMID: 31797027 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the predictors for recovery of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) patients treated with percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and antibiotics, and then develop an effective nomogram to predict the recovery time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective study included consecutive PLA patients treated with PCD and antibiotics. We defined the overall recovery time (ORT) as the time from the PCD procedure to the time of clinical success or failure. Based on the ORT, its predictors were identified with univariate and multivariate analyses. Then, a nomogram was developed to predict the ORT, and was internally validated by using Harrell's c statistic. RESULTS A total of 116 patients and 142 PCD procedures with a median ORT of 15.0±10.6 days were included. Gas-formation (GF; HR: 0.486 [95% CI 0.312-0.757]; P = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (DM; HR: 0.455 [95% CI 0.303-0.682]; P<0.001), and preinterventional septic shock (PSS; HR: 0.276 [95% CI 0.158-0.483]; P < 0.001) were identified as predictors for the ORT of combination therapy after univariate and multivariate analyses, which indicated a significantly longer ORT than those patients without. The prognostic analyses demonstrated that the more predictors (GF, DM, and PSS) a patient exhibited, the longer ORT for the combination therapy. A nomogram was developed to predict the ORT and revealed high accuracy, with Harrell's c statistic of 0.73. CONCLUSION GF, DM, and PSS were predictors for the recovery of PLA patients treated with PCD and antibiotics. The nomogram was effective in predicting the ORT of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, 20 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010017, China.
| | - Bao-Qi Shi
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, 20 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010017, China
| | - Lu-Meng Chao
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, 20 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010017, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tan
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, 20 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010017, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, 20 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, 010017, China
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Morita M, Ogawa C, Omura A, Noda T, Kubo A, Matsunaka T, Tamaki H, Shibatoge M, Seno H, Minami Y, Ueshima K, Sakurai T, Nishida N, Kudo M. The Efficacy of Sonazoid-enhanced Ultrasonography in Decision-making for Liver Abscess Treatment. Intern Med 2020; 59:471-477. [PMID: 32062622 PMCID: PMC7056389 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2510-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for making decisions in the treatment of liver abscess is unknown. Methods We evaluated the internal blood flow in the arterial-predominant phase by CEUS using Sonazoid® in 21 patients. The stain area rate was evaluated in maximum parting plane of abscess in CEUS. Patients were divided into two groups: the vascular phase enhancement (VE) group, in which ≥50% of the abscess cavity was enhanced (12 patients), and the vascular phase non-enhancement (VNE) group, in which <50% of the abscess cavity was enhanced (9 patients). The rate of patients who were cured by conservative treatment alone was examined in both groups. The defect rate of all liver abscesses in the post-vascular phase was also evaluated. Results In the VE group, improvement by conservative treatment alone was obtained in 11 out of 12 patients (91.7%), while in the VNE group, improvement by conservative treatment alone was obtained in only 1 out of 9 patients (11.1%), a significant difference (p<0.001). In the VE group, one patient did not improve with conservative treatment alone because the abscess ruptured near the liver surface. In the VE group, the abscess size was smaller than in the VNE group. By examining the defect rate in the post-vascular phase, it was found that 16 out of 21 patients (76.2%) showed 71% or more defects. Conclusion The enhancement rate in the arterial-predominant phase of CEUS was considered useful for determining the treatment approach for liver abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Chikara Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akina Omura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Teruyo Noda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsunaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsushige Shibatoge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Successful Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in an Adolescent Male with Pyogenic Liver Abscess. Case Rep Crit Care 2019; 2019:5735312. [PMID: 31161070 PMCID: PMC6487166 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5735312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Large pyogenic liver abscess is a rare and difficult to treat entity in pediatric patients. Percutaneous drainage rather than open surgical drainage has become more common in recent years, even for large abscesses. Percutaneous drainage can be complicated by catheter obstruction. We present the case of a 16-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain, fever, and chills. He was diagnosed with a 9-centimeter liver abscess. A CT-guided percutaneous drainage was placed. The catheter initially drained well, but then became occluded. Tissue plasminogen activator was instilled into the catheter every 6 hours for a total of five doses, resulting in increased drainage and improved clinical state of the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of tissue plasminogen activator in pyogenic liver abscess in the pediatric population.
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Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of various types of ruptured amebic liver abscess: a report of 117 cases from a highly endemic zone of India. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:877-885. [PMID: 30361869 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (US-PCD) in management of various types of ruptured amebic liver abscess including free rupture (FR) with diffuse intraperitoneal fluid collections (DIFC). METHODS This study analyzed 117 patients with ruptured ALA who underwent US-PCD. The indication for US-PCD was failure to respond to conservative treatment and/or percutaneous needle aspiration. RESULTS Majority of patients were locally fermented alcohol abusers (95%), and malnourished (75%). Ninety-eight patients had intraperitoneal rupture including 66 contained rupture (CR) with localized intraperitoneal fluid collection (LIFC) and 32 FR with DIFC. Pleuropulmonary complication was found in 19 patients including 13 pleural and 6 pulmonary. A total of 333 catheters were used to drain 202 abscess cavities and associated fluid collections. US-PCD was technically and clinically successful in all cases. Multiple sessions (median 2; range 2-5) of PCD required with upsizing the catheter (median 14 F; range 14-20 F) and placement of additional catheter in 26 (22%) patients. The patients with FR with DIFC required more number of catheters (p = 0.01) and had longer hospital stay (p = 0.01). No major procedure related complication was observed. Six patients developed secondary bacterial infection; two of them presented with cavito-cutaneous fistula at catheter insertion site, and one with cholangitis due to biliary stricture formation necessitating subsequent endoscopic treatment. Post-procedural death occurred from sepsis in a patient with FR. CONCLUSION US-PCD is a safe and effective mode of treatment for ruptured ALA including FR with DIFCs. We recommend PCD as a first-line therapy for ruptured ALA.
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Computed tomography-guided catheter drainage with ozone in management of pyogenic liver abscess. Pol J Radiol 2019; 83:e275-e279. [PMID: 30627247 PMCID: PMC6323581 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2018.76784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the treatment efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage alone to catheter drainage combined with ozone in the management of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Material and methods This prospective study included 85 patients diagnosed with PLA. All patients were randomly divided into two groups: catheter drainage alone (Group I); catheter drainage combined with ozone (Group II). Drainage was considered successful when: 1) the abscess cavities were completely drained, and 2) clinical symptoms were resolved. Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric test was used to compare the success rates, length of stay (LOS), and need of further surgery. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical analyses. Results In all the patients' percutaneous catheters were placed successfully under the guidance of computed tomography. All of the patients in Group I (43; 50.6%) were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage alone, while the patients in Group II (42; 49.4%) were treated with PCD combined with ozone. The success rates of Group I and II were 81% and 94%, respectively (p < 0.05). The duration of fever as well as LOS was longer for Group I when compared with Group II (p < 0.05). Conclusions Catheter drainage combined with ozone is an effective and safe treatment in PLA.
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Chang Z, Wang H, Li B, Liu Z, Zheng J. Metabolic Characterization of Peripheral Host Responses to Drainage-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscesses by Serum 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:174. [PMID: 29911073 PMCID: PMC5992471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the metabolic characterization of host responses to drainage-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses (DRKPLAs) with serum 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Materials and Methods: The hospital records of all patients with a diagnosis of a liver abscess between June 2015 and December 2016 were retrieved from an electronic hospital database. Eighty-six patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) liver abscesses who underwent percutaneous drainage were identified. Twenty patients with confirmed DRKPLAs were studied. Moreover, we identified 20 consecutive patients with drainage-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses (DSKPLAs) as controls. Serum samples from the two groups were analyzed with 1H NMR spectroscopy. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to perform 1H NMR metabolic profiling. Metabolites were identified using the Human Metabolome Database, and pathway analysis was performed with MetaboAnalyst 3.0. Results: The PLS-DA test was able to discriminate between the two groups. Five key metabolites that contributed to their discrimination were identified. Glucose, lactate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate were found to be upregulated in DRKPLAs, whereas glutamine and alanine were downregulated compared with the DSKPLAs. Pathway analysis indicated that amino acid metabolisms were significantly different between the DRKPLAs and the DSKPLAs. The D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolisms exhibited the greatest influences. Conclusions: The five key metabolites identified in our study may be potential targets for guiding novel therapeutics of DRKPLAs and are worthy of additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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The Value of Ozone in CT-Guided Drainage of Multiloculated Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Randomized Controlled Study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:1236974. [PMID: 29707524 PMCID: PMC5863347 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1236974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to compare the effects of catheter drainage alone and combined with ozone in the management of multiloculated pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). METHODS The prospective study included 60 patients diagnosed with multiloculated PLA. All patients were randomly divided into two groups: catheter drainage alone (group I) and catheter drainage combined with ozone (group II). Drainage was considered successful when (1) the abscess cavity was drained and (2) clinical symptoms were resolved. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to compare the success rates, length of stay (LOS), and need for further surgery of the two groups. P < 0.05 indicates significant difference. RESULTS All patients' catheters were successfully placed under CT guidance. Group I was treated with catheters alone and group II was treated with catheters and ozone. The success rates of groups I and II were 86% and 96%, respectively (P < 0.05). And compared with group II, the duration of fever in group I was longer (P < 0.05), and the LOS was also longer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Catheter drainage combined with ozone is an effective and safe treatment in multiloculated PLA. The Clinical Registration Number is ChiCTR1800014865.
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Zhang RG, Zhang XL, Yang YS. Alcoholization of pyogenichepatic abscess with absolute alcohol in Bama minipigs. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4483-4488. [PMID: 29067123 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic hepatic abscess (PHA) is a rare, but potentially serious disease. At present, ultrasound-guided or computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle aspiration or catheter drainage is appropriate as a first-line treatment. However, it is difficult to aspirate or drain pus and to select the appropriate antibiotic therapy if the abscess consists of thick pus and polymicrobial confections, or its pathogenic bacterium is multidrug resistant and cryptogenic. Case studies of alcoholization provide a novel method to manage PHA. However, the efficacy and safety of this treatment should be further evaluated. In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy and complications of alcoholization for PHAs in Bama minipigs were investigated. PHAs were prospectively treated by ultrasound-guided percutaneous instillation of absolute alcohol in the abscess cavity. The criteria for considering a successful intervention were met in all minipigs subsequent to alcoholization twice within 14 days. The procedures were well tolerated in all animals, and there were no alcoholic adverse effects or procedure-associated complications. In conclusion, ultrasound-guided percutaneous alcoholization is a safe and effective procedure to manage PHA. The problems of thick pus aspiration and selection of an appropriate antibiotic observed in other treatments were resolved effectively using alcoholization. This technique may reduce the treatment period and possibly become a novel strategy for the management of PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Gang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Saraireh HA, Bilal M, Singh S. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in liver disease: Where do we stand in 2017? World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1013-1021. [PMID: 28932347 PMCID: PMC5583533 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i24.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was first introduced into medical practice in 1980s as a diagnostic imaging modality for pancreatic pathology. EUS has the unique advantage of combining ultrasound and endoscopy to obtain detailed information of the gastrointestinal tract. Over the past decade, the use of EUS in liver diseases has been increasing. EUS, which was initially used as a diagnostic tool, is now having increasing therapeutic role as well. We provide a review of the application of EUS in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of liver disease. We also look at the evolving future research on the role of EUS in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh A Saraireh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, United States
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Peris J, Bellot P, Roig P, Reus S, Carrascosa S, González-Alcaide G, Palazón JM, Ramos JM. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess in people 65 years or older versus people under 65: a retrospective study. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:161. [PMID: 28732474 PMCID: PMC5521099 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyse the clinical, epidemiological, microbiological and prognostic differences of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in older (≥ 65 years of age) versus younger patients (< 65 years). METHODS Multicentre, retrospective cohort study in all patients with PLA admitted to two Spanish hospitals from January 2000 to January 2014. Cases were divided into two age groups (< 65 years and ≥65 years) for comparison of clinical, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics as well as treatment. RESULTS Of 98 patients analysed, 40 patients were younger than 65, and 58 were aged 65 or older. Significant associations in the older group were found with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] 9.0; 95% CI 1.4, 56), non-cryptogenic origin (ORa 14.5; 95% CI 1.6, 129), absence of chronic liver disease (ORa 14; 95% CI 1.3, 155), Escherichia coli infection (ORa 7.7; 95% CI 1.03, 58), and incidence of complications (ORa 2.3; 95% CI 1.04, 5.4). Mortality was 8.2% overall, although all deaths occurred in the older group (8/58; 13.8%) (p = 0.02). DISCUSSION Our results are in consonance with other published studies. Older patients with PLA tend to present more anomalies in the biliary tract (Kai et. al, World J Gastroenterol 18: 2948-295, 2012, Rahimian et. al, Clin Infect Dis 39:1654-9, 2004, Seeto, Medicine (Baltimore) 75:99-113, 1996, Kao et.al, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 36:467-76, 2012, Lai et. al, Gastroenterology 146:129-37, 2014), while younger patients are more often male and present more commonly with previous liver disease (especially related to alcohol) and cryptogenic PLA. CONCLUSION In patients aged 65 or older, PLA was more common in women and in those with a history of biliary disease, and E. coli was the most frequent bacterium. Mortality was also higher in the older group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Peris
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Campus of Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Bellot
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Roig
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Campus of Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Reus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Campus of Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sara Carrascosa
- Family Medicine Department, Campello Health Centre, El Campello, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gregorio González-Alcaide
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Palazón
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Campus of Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M Ramos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Campus of Sant Joan d'Alacant, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante, Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the details of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) of pyogenic liver abscesses, the etiologic factors, and the management techniques that contribute to successful treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 75 consecutively registered patients who underwent PCD of 96 abscesses at a single institution between May 2009 and May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-nine patients (52%) were oncology patients, and 36 (48%) had recently undergone abdominal surgery. Primary success was defined as abscess healing with the primary PCD intervention and 30-day postdrainage survival. Salvage success was defined as abscess healing with follow-up secondary PCD placement for symptomatic hepatic satellite collections or for clinical recurrence. Catheter adjustments were performed during follow-up to optimize existing drains. Univariate, multivariate, and general linear mixed model analyses were performed. The median follow-up time after catheter removal was 6 months (range, 2-62 months). RESULTS Drains were primarily successful in 54 patients (72%), and 17 patients (23%) needed salvage PCD; thus, overall success was achieved in 71 patients (95%). The other four patients (5%) died of sepsis. The primary success rate was reduced in patients with unresectable malignancies (p = 0.01), multiple abscesses (p = 0.01), and output ≥ 15 mL/d at catheter endpoint (n = 7, p = 0.001). Only unresectable malignancies had slightly lower overall success. Large abscesses (> 150 cm3) required more catheter adjustments and longer drainage duration to reach abscess cavity closure. Successfully drained abscesses reached cavity closure a mean of 23 days (95% CI, 20-27 days) after treatment. CONCLUSION PCD was effective first-line treatment of complicated pyogenic liver abscesses, which often require catheter adjustment and salvage drainage procedures to reliably achieve success.
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Ke S, Ding XM, Gao J, Wang SH, Kong J, Xu L, Sun WB. Feasibility of radiofrequency ablation as an alternative to surgical intervention in patients with huge multiloculated pyogenic liver abscesses: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5472. [PMID: 27930527 PMCID: PMC5265999 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study investigated the feasibility of radiofrequency (RF) ablation as an alternative to surgical intervention in patients with huge multiloculated pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs).From August 2010 to April 2016, 83 patients with PLA were admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, China. Four of these patients had huge multiloculated PLAs and underwent RF ablation plus antibiotics. The inclusion criteria for RF ablation were as follows: multiloculated PLA confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), widest diameter of the PLA ≥5 cm, failure to respond to or not suitable to treatment with percutaneous drainage (PD), and patient refusal of surgery. The safety and effectiveness of RF ablation were initially assessed. All patients were commenced on antibiotics on admission to our hospital. CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage was attempted in one patient but was unsuccessful. The main organism isolated from cultures of these patients' blood or abscess samples was Klebsiella pneumoniae (3/4). RF ablation was performed as soon as eligibility according to the above criteria was established.RF ablation was technically successful in all 4 study patients, all PLAs being completely eradicated. The median duration of fever after RF ablation was 4.5 days. No abscesses recurred; thus, this strategy for managing PLA was 100% successful (4/4). No procedure-related deaths or major complications occurred. One patient had an asymptomatic right pleural effusion that resolved with conservative treatment including albumin infusion and diuretics.Our preliminary data indicate that RF ablation is a safe, feasible, and effective treatment for huge multiloculated PLAs. It should be considered as an alternative treatment for patients who fail to respond to or not suitable for PD plus antibiotics and refuse surgical intervention.
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Zou Y, Lin L, Xiao H, Xiang D. A Rare Case of Toxic Myocarditis Caused by Bacterial Liver Abscess Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:1-5. [PMID: 26726772 PMCID: PMC4708095 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.895350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 66 Final Diagnosis: Toxic myocarditis Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Emergency Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dingcheng Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Srinivasan I, Tang SJ, Vilmann AS, Menachery J, Vilmann P. Hepatic applications of endoscopic ultrasound: Current status and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12544-12557. [PMID: 26640331 PMCID: PMC4658609 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of various gastrointestinal malignancies have been made possible with the use of endoscopic ultrasound, which is a relatively safe procedure. The field of endoscopic ultrasound is fast expanding due to advancements in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound. Though various studies have established its role in gastrointestinal malignancies and pancreatic conditions, its potential in the field of hepatic lesions still remains vastly untapped. In this paper the authors attempt to review important and landmark trials, case series and case studies involving hepatic applications of endoscopic ultrasound, thus not only providing an overview of utilization of endoscopic ultrasound in various liver conditions but also speculating its future role.
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Sacks D, Ong A, Fernandez F. Percutaneous debridement of posttraumatic infected major hepatic necrosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 25:1273-7. [PMID: 25085061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although percutaneous drainage of liver abscesses has long been the standard of care, percutaneous drainage of infected necrotic liver tissue is usually used only to stabilize a patient's condition in the setting of sepsis before surgical debridement is ultimately required, frequently in the form of a hepatic lobectomy. The present report describes three cases of curative percutaneous drainage and percutaneous debridement of posttraumatic infected major hepatic necrosis. Techniques used included catheter suction, lavage, and foreign body retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sacks
- Department of Radiology, Reading Health System, 6th and Spruce Streets, West Reading, PA 19611.
| | - Adrian Ong
- Department of Surgery, Reading Health System, 6th and Spruce Streets, West Reading, PA 19611
| | - Forrest Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, Reading Health System, 6th and Spruce Streets, West Reading, PA 19611
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Abstract
Microbial contamination of the liver parenchyma leading to hepatic abscess (HA) can occur via the bile ducts or vessels (arterial or portal) or directly, by contiguity. Infection is usually bacterial, sometimes parasitic, or very rarely fungal. In the Western world, bacterial (pyogenic) HA is most prevalent; the mortality is high approaching 15%, due mostly to patient debilitation and persistence of the underlying cause. In South-East Asia and Africa, amebic infection is the most frequent cause. The etiologies of HA are multiple including lithiasic biliary disease (cholecystitis, cholangitis), intra-abdominal collections (appendicitis, sigmoid diverticulitis, Crohn's disease), and bile duct ischemia secondary to pancreatoduodenectomy, liver transplantation, interventional techniques (radio-frequency ablation, intra-arterial chemo-embolization), and/or liver trauma. More rarely, HA occurs in the wake of septicemia either on healthy or preexisting liver diseases (biliary cysts, hydatid cyst, cystic or necrotic metastases). The incidence of HA secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae is increasing and can give rise to other distant septic metastases. The diagnosis of HA depends mainly on imaging (sonography and/or CT scan), with confirmation by needle aspiration for bacteriology studies. The therapeutic strategy consists of bactericidal antibiotics, adapted to the germs, sometimes in combination with percutaneous or surgical drainage, and control of the primary source. The presence of bile in the aspirate or drainage fluid attests to communication with the biliary tree and calls for biliary MRI looking for obstruction. When faced with HA, the attending physician should seek advice from a multi-specialty team including an interventional radiologist, a hepatobiliary surgeon and an infectious disease specialist. This should help to determine the origin and mechanisms responsible for the abscess, and to then propose the best appropriate treatment. The presence of chronic enteric biliary contamination (i.e., sphincterotomy, bilio-enterostomy) should be determined before performing radio-frequency ablation and/or chemo-embolization; substantial stenosis of the celiac trunk should be detected before performing pancreatoduodenectomy to help avoid iatrogenic HA.
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Hsiang CW, Liu CH, Fan HL, Ko KH, Yu CY, Wang HH, Liao WI, Hsu HH, Chang WC. Clinical features and computed tomography characteristics of non-Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses in elderly (>65 years) and nonelderly patients. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:519-28. [PMID: 25684004 PMCID: PMC4329367 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical and computed tomography (CT) appearances of liver abscesses caused by non-Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial pathogens in elderly and nonelderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty patients with confirmed non-Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses (non-KPLAs) were enrolled and divided into two age groups: elderly (age ≥65 years, n=42) and nonelderly (age <65 years, n=38). Diagnosis of non-KPLA was established by pus and/or blood culture. We compared clinical presentations, outcomes, and CT characteristics of the two groups, and performed multivariate analysis for significant variables and receiver-operating-characteristic analysis to determine the cutoff value of abscess diameter for predicting non-KPLA. RESULTS Elderly patients with non-KPLA were associated with a longer hospital stay (p<0.01). Regarding etiology, biliary sources had a strong association in the elderly group (p<0.01), and chronic liver diseases were related to the nonelderly group (p<0.01). Non-KPLAs (52.5%) tended to show a large, multiloculated appearance in the elderly group and were associated with bile duct dilatation (p<0.01), compared with the nonelderly group. The abscess diameter (cutoff value, 5.2 cm; area under the curve, 0.78) between the two groups was predicted. In multivariate analysis, underlying biliary tract disease [odds ratio (OR), 3.58, p<0.05], abscess diameter (OR, 2.40, p<0.05), and multiloculated abscess (OR, 1.19, p<0.01) independently predicted elderly patients with non-KPLA. CONCLUSION In the elderly patients with non-KPLA, a large, multiloculated abscess with a diameter greater than 5.2 cm was the predominant imaging feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Weim Hsiang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hsien Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Lung Fan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Hsiung Ko
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yung Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hau Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsian-He Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chou Chang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Dulku G, Mohan G, Samuelson S, Ferguson J, Tibballs J. Percutaneous aspiration versus catheter drainage of liver abscess: A retrospective review. Australas Med J 2015; 8:7-18. [PMID: 25848403 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2015.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A review of the effectiveness and outcomes in liver abscess drainage performed by different operators using percutaneous aspiration (PA) and catheter drainage (PCD), respectively, from 2008-2013 at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Australia. METHODS Forty-two patients (29 males and 13 females; aged between 28-93 years; median age of 67 years) with liver abscesses underwent either ultrasound or CT-guided PA (n=22) and PCD (n=20) in conjunction with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. A median of 18 Gauge needle and 10 French catheters were utilised. RESULTS Nineteen (86.4 per cent) PA cases and 12 (60 per cent) PCD cases were successfully drained on a single attempt (p=0.08). More male patients (69 per cent) than females (31 per cent) were observed. Portal sepsis (42.9 per cent) was the most common cause identified. Fever (47.6 per cent) was the most frequent clinical presentation on admission. Thirty-two patients (76.2 per cent) had solitary abscesses with a right lobe (59.5 per cent) predilection. CRP was significantly raised. The PCD group observed a significantly larger abscess size (p=0.01). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated in both pus (33.3 per cent) and blood cultures (11.9 per cent). Five procedure-related complications were noted, all in the PCD group. Thirty-day mortality was 2.4 per cent. No difference was observed in clinical and treatment outcomes in both groups. CONCLUSION The null hypothesis that both PA and PCD are equally effective in the drainage of liver abscess cannot be rejected. Apart from PA being simpler and safer to perform, the higher incidence of indwelling catheter-associated complications suggests that a trial of PA should always be attempted first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Dulku
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Specials, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Geeta Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Specials, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shaun Samuelson
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Specials, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John Ferguson
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Specials, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tibballs
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Specials, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Chang Z, Zheng J, Ma Y, Liu Z. Analysis of clinical and CT characteristics of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses: an insight into risk factors of metastatic infection. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 33:50-4. [PMID: 25555624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical and CT characteristics of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA), with or without metastatic infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical information (age, sex, clinical symptoms, underlying disease, hematological parameters, abscess-related mortality) and CT characteristics of abscesses were analyzed to investigate associations with metastatic infection. Metastatic infections were divided into septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) and extra-pulmonary metastatic infection (EMI). RESULTS We identified 66 consecutive patients with KPLA. Metastatic infection occurred in 22/66 patients (33.3%); 8/66 (12.1%) patients had SPE, 6/66 (9.09%) patients had EMI; and 8/66 (12.1%) patients had both SPE and EMI. Patients with SPE were younger than patients without SPE (47.7±13.7 y vs.55.6±12.0 y; p=0.03). Unilocular abscess was significantly more common in patients with SPE than the non-SPE group (43.75% vs 18.0%, p=0.036). The mean maximal diameter of EMI was 56.5±21.3 mm and was significantly smaller than that of the non-EMI which was 79.9±31.4 (p=0.011). SPE was significantly associated with development of EMI (50% vs 17.3%, p=0.011). CONCLUSION Unilocular liver abscess is associated with SPE, and SPE is strongly associated with EMI among patients with KPLA. A maximal diameter of KPLA<55 mm can be used as a predictor of EMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yujia Ma
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Brown C, Kang L, Kim ST. Percutaneous drainage of abdominal and pelvic abscesses in children. Semin Intervent Radiol 2013; 29:286-94. [PMID: 24293801 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has only been in the last several decades that abscesses within deep compartments, particularly within the abdomen and pelvis, have become safely accessible with imaging guidance. Since that time, percutaneous abscess drainage has become the standard of care in children. We review the clinical features, diagnosis, and image-guided management of abdominal and pelvic abscesses in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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McDermott S, Levis DA, Arellano RS. Approaches to the difficult drainage and biopsy. Semin Intervent Radiol 2013; 29:256-63. [PMID: 24293798 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous abscess drainage and percutaneous biopsy are effective and widely used techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with abdominal or pelvic abscesses and lesions. Some abscesses and lesions can initially appear unsuitable for percutaneous access for a variety of reasons. This article reviews the circumstances in which collections or lesions may appear undrainable or inaccessible to percutaneous biopsy, and it describes techniques for overcoming these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunagh McDermott
- Division of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Patel NB, Oto A, Thomas S. Multidetector CT of Emergent Biliary Pathologic Conditions. Radiographics 2013; 33:1867-88. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.337125038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Chang AC, Ha NB, Satyadas T, Maddern G. Pyogenic liver abscess trends in South Australia. ANZ J Surg 2013; 85:179-82. [DOI: 10.1111/ans.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Christine Chang
- Discipline of Surgery; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ngoc Buu Ha
- Discipline of Surgery; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Thomas Satyadas
- Discipline of Surgery; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Kogut MJ, Bastawrous S, Padia S, Bhargava P. Hepatobiliary Oncologic Emergencies: Imaging Appearances and Therapeutic Options. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2013; 42:113-26. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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McKaigney C. Hepatic abscess: case report and review. West J Emerg Med 2013; 14:154-7. [PMID: 23599857 PMCID: PMC3628469 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2012.10.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic abscess is an uncommon occurrence in North America, but can be a diagnostic challenge for emergency department physicians. The clinical signs and symptoms may vary, leading to delays in diagnosis and higher morbidity. We present a case of a 35-year old male with a hepatic abscess initially misdiagnosed as pneumonia. On subsequent return to the ED for back pain complaints, a bedside ultrasound led to the appropriate diagnosis. This case report and discussion will attempt to review the literature on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of hepatic abscess for the emergency physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McKaigney
- Queen's University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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Chan DSG, Archuleta S, Llorin RM, Lye DC, Fisher D. Standardized outpatient management of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses. Int J Infect Dis 2012; 17:e185-8. [PMID: 23154175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a major cause of liver abscess in Asia. Using a standardized protocol, we conducted a prospective cohort study of all cases of K. pneumoniae liver abscess treated from 2005 to 2011 at two outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) centers in Singapore, to assess the safety and efficacy of treatment. METHODS We included all OPAT eligible patients with radiologically confirmed (computed tomography or ultrasound) liver abscesses and K. pneumoniae-positive microbiological cultures obtained from abscess fluid and/or blood at two university teaching hospitals. The endpoints investigated were cure, clinical response, readmission, and mortality. RESULTS All 109 patients enrolled in the study successfully completed treatment in OPAT. Nine patients required a short-term readmission due to clinical deterioration. There were no deaths or relapses at 30 days post cessation of antibiotics. Abscess size greater than 5 cm was associated with a delayed clinical response (odds ratio 5.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25-22.91, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The management of K. pneumoniae liver abscesses via OPAT using a standardized protocol is a safe and effective alternative to inpatient intravenous antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S G Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore.
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Microbiology and Management of Pediatric Liver Abscesses: Two Cases Caused by Streptococcus anginosus Group. Case Rep Infect Dis 2012; 2012:685953. [PMID: 23119195 PMCID: PMC3484318 DOI: 10.1155/2012/685953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic liver abscesses in the pediatric population are rare occurrences in the developed world. We present two cases of previously healthy males presenting with fever and abdominal pain found to have liver abscesses due to organisms in the Streptococcus anginosus group. The microbiology of S. anginosus along with the management and recommended treatment in children with liver abscesses is discussed.
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Lai KC, Cheng KS, Jeng LB, Huang CC, Lee YT, Chang HR, Chen CC, Chen SC, Lee MC. Factors associated with treatment failure of percutaneous catheter drainage for pyogenic liver abscess in patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer. Am J Surg 2012; 205:52-7. [PMID: 22794706 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify predictors of treatment failure of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). METHODS Medical records of 44 patients with PLA with underlying hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer who underwent PCD under computed tomographic guidance as primary treatment between January 2001 and December 2010 were collected and reviewed. Included patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma (n = 16), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 12), pancreatic carcinoma (n = 9), carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (n = 6), and gallbladder cancer (n = 1). The clinical factors related to failure of PCD were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS The median age of the 44 patients with PLA was 68 years, and 48% were men. PCD failed in 15 patients (34%). Of the 15 patients with PCD failure, 12 subsequently required surgical intervention because of either clinical deterioration or imaging that demonstrated failure of abscess resolution with PCD. Three of these patients died with the initial drain in place before resolution of the abscess. In patients requiring surgery after PCD failure, the frequency of cure or abscess resolution reached 67%. Fourteen patients (32%) died during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis identified that multiloculated abscesses (P = .005) and abscesses with biliary communication (P = .036) were associated with failure of PCD. CONCLUSIONS Multiloculated abscesses and lesions with biliary communication pose a greater likelihood of failure of PCD in patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer with PLA. Early surgical intervention after PCD failure should be considered for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan
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Are pyogenic liver abscesses still a surgical concern? A Western experience. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2012; 2012:316013. [PMID: 22536008 PMCID: PMC3296144 DOI: 10.1155/2012/316013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds. Pyogenic liver abscess is a rare disease whose management has shifted toward greater use of percutaneous drainage. Surgery still plays a role in treatment, but its indications are not clear. Method. We conducted a retrospective study of pyogenic abscess cases admitted to our university hospital between 1999 and 2010 and assessed the factors potentially associated with surgical treatment versus medical treatment alone. Results. In total, 103 liver abscess patients were treated at our center. The mortality was 9%. The main symptoms were fever and abdominal pain. All of the patients had CRP > 6 g/dL. Sixty-nine patients had a unique abscess. Seventeen patients were treated with antibiotics alone and 57 with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. Twenty-seven patients who were treated with percutaneous techniques required surgery, and 29 patients initially received it. Eventually, 43 patients underwent abscess surgery. The factors associated with failed medical treatment were gas-forming abscess (P = 0.006) and septic shock at the initial presentation (P = 0.008). Conclusion. Medical and percutaneous treatment constitute the standard management of liver abscess cases. Surgery remains necessary after failure of the initial treatment but should also be considered as an early intervention for cases presenting with gas-forming abscesses and septic shock and when treatment of the underlying cause is immediately required.
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Tu JF, Huang XF, Hu RY, You HY, Zheng XF, Jiang FZ. Comparison of laparoscopic and open surgery for pyogenic liver abscess with biliary pathology. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4339-43. [PMID: 22090791 PMCID: PMC3214710 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i38.4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the feasibility and therapeutic effect of laparoscopic surgery for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) with biliary pathology.
METHODS: From January 2004 to October 2010, 31 patients with PLA combined with biliary pathology meeting entry criteria received surgical management in our hospital. Of the 31 patients, 13 underwent laparoscopic surgery (LS group) and 18 underwent open surgery (OS group). Clinical data including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication rate, length of postoperative hospital stay, and abscess recurrence rate were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: All patients received systemic antibiotic therapy. Four patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage before operation. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (16.1%, 5/31) including 2 in the LS group and 3 in the OS group. One patient had retained calculus in the common bile duct and another had liver abscess recurrence in the OS group. No retained calculus and liver abscess recurrence occurred in the LS group. In the two groups, there was no mortality during the perioperative period. There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, postoperative complication rate and abscess recurrence rate between the two groups. Oral intake was earlier (1.9 ± 0.4 d vs 3.1 ± 0.7 d, P < 0.05) and length of postoperative hospital stay was shorter (11.3 ± 2.9 d vs 14.5 ± 3.7 d, P < 0.05) in the LS group than in the OS group.
CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery for simultaneous treatment of PLA and biliary pathology is feasible in selected patients and the therapeutic effect is similar to that of open surgery.
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Keohane J, Dimaio CJ, Schattner MA, Gerdes H. EUS-guided transgastric drainage of caudate lobe liver abscesses. JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2011; 1:139-141. [PMID: 22163086 DOI: 10.4161/jig.1.3.18514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Keohane
- Gastroenterology & Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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De Jong KP, Prins TR, Hofker HS. A new interventional technique for percutaneous treatment of drainage-resistant liver abscess. Br J Radiol 2011; 83:e195-7. [PMID: 20739342 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/69471744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this case report is to describe a device that can be used as a minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of drainage-resistant liver abscess. The device uses pulse lavage to fragment and evacuate the semi-solid contents of a liver abscess. The treatment of liver abscesses consists of percutaneous drainage, antibiotics and treatment of the underlying cause. This approach can be ineffective if the contents of the abscess cavity are not liquid, and in those cases open surgery is often needed. Here, we describe for the first time a new minimally invasive technique for treating persistent liver abscesses. A patient developed a liver abscess after a hepatico-jejunostomy performed as a palliative treatment for an unresectable pancreatic head carcinoma. Simple drainage by a percutaneously placed pig-tail catheter was insufficient because of inadequate removal of the contents of the abscess cavity. After dilatation of the drain tract the persistent semi-solid necrotic contents were fragmented by a pulsed lavage device, after which the abscess healed uneventfully. The application of pulsed lavage for debridement of drainage-resistant liver abscesses proved to be an effective and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P De Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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