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Cooper K, Cawthon CV, Goel E, Atigh M, Christians U, Yazdani SK. The Development of an ex vivo Flow System to Assess Acute Arterial Drug Retention of Cardiovascular Intravascular Devices. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:675188. [PMID: 35047927 PMCID: PMC8757813 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.675188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop an ex vivo system capable of rapidly evaluating arterial drug levels in living, isolated porcine carotid arteries. Methods: A vascular bioreactor system was developed that housed a native porcine carotid artery under physiological flow conditions. The ex vivo bioreactor system was designed to quantify the acute drug transfer of catheter-based drug delivery devices into explanted carotid arteries. To evaluate our ex vivo system, a paclitaxel-coated balloon and a perfusion catheter device delivering liquid paclitaxel were utilized. At 1-h post-drug delivery, arteries were removed, and paclitaxel drug levels measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Parallel experiments were performed in a pig model to validate ex vivo measurements. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated arterial paclitaxel levels of the drug-coated balloon-treated arteries to be 48.49 ± 24.09 ng/mg and the perfusion catheter-treated arteries to be 25.42 ± 9.74 ng/mg at 1 h in the ex vivo system. Similar results were measured in vivo, as arterial paclitaxel concentrations were measured at 59.23 ± 41.27 ng/mg for the drug-coated balloon-treated arteries and 23.43 ± 20.23 ng/mg for the perfusion catheter-treated arteries. Overall, no significant differences were observed between paclitaxel measurements of arteries treated ex vivo vs. in vivo. Conclusion: This system represents the first validated ex vivo pulsatile system to determine pharmacokinetics in a native blood vessel. This work provides proof-of-concept of a quick, inexpensive, preclinical tool to study acute drug tissue concentration kinetics of drug-releasing interventional vascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Cooper
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Claire V Cawthon
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Emily Goel
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Marzieh Atigh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Saami K Yazdani
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Wang J, Kural MH, Wu J, Leiby KL, Mishra V, Lysyy T, Li G, Luo J, Greaney A, Tellides G, Qyang Y, Huang N, Niklason LE. An ex vivo physiologic and hyperplastic vessel culture model to study intra-arterial stent therapies. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120911. [PMID: 34087584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional in vitro methods for biological evaluation of intra-arterial devices such as stents fail to accurately predict cytotoxicity and remodeling events. An ex vivo flow-tunable vascular bioreactor system (VesselBRx), comprising intra- and extra-luminal monitoring capabilities, addresses these limitations. VesselBRx mimics the in vivo physiological, hyperplastic, and cytocompatibility events of absorbable magnesium (Mg)-based stents in ex vivo stent-treated porcine and human coronary arteries, with in-situ and real-time monitoring of local stent degradation effects. Unlike conventional, static cell culture, the VesselBRx perfusion system eliminates unphysiologically high intracellular Mg2+ concentrations and localized O2 consumption resulting from stent degradation. Whereas static stented arteries exhibited only 20.1% cell viability and upregulated apoptosis, necrosis, metallic ion, and hypoxia-related gene signatures, stented arteries in VesselBRx showed almost identical cell viability to in vivo rabbit models (~94.0%). Hyperplastic intimal remodeling developed in unstented arteries subjected to low shear stress, but was inhibited by Mg-based stents in VesselBRx, similarly to in vivo. VesselBRx represents a critical advance from the current static culture standard of testing absorbable vascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Mehmet H Kural
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Jonathan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Katherine L Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Vinayak Mishra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Taras Lysyy
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT06519, USA
| | - Allison Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT06519, USA
| | - Nan Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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Novel Sensor-Enabled Ex Vivo Bioreactor: A New Approach towards Physiological Parameters and Porcine Artery Viability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:958170. [PMID: 26609536 PMCID: PMC4644552 DOI: 10.1155/2015/958170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to design and construct an ex vivo bioreactor system to assess the real time viability of vascular tissue. Porcine carotid artery as a model tissue was used in the ex vivo bioreactor setup to monitor its viability under physiological conditions such as oxygen, pressure, temperature, and flow. The real time tissue viability was evaluated by monitoring tissue metabolism through a fluorescent indicator "resorufin." Our ex vivo bioreactor allows real time monitoring of tissue responses along with physiological conditions. These ex vivo parameters were vital in determining the tissue viability in sensor-enabled bioreactor and our initial investigations suggest that, porcine tissue viability is considerably affected by high shear forces and low oxygen levels. Histological evaluations with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining show intact endothelium with fresh porcine tissue whereas tissues after incubation in ex vivo bioreactor studies indicate denuded endothelium supporting the viability results from real time measurements. Hence, this novel viability sensor-enabled ex vivo bioreactor acts as model to mimic in vivo system and record vascular responses to biopharmaceutical molecules and biomedical devices.
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