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Aleuy OA, Anholt M, Orsel K, Mavrot F, Gagnon CA, Beckmen K, Côté SD, Cuyler C, Dobson A, Elkin B, Leclerc LM, Taillon J, Kutz S. Association of Environmental Factors with Seasonal Intensity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Seropositivity among Arctic Caribou. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1650-1658. [PMID: 35876625 PMCID: PMC9328914 DOI: 10.3201/eid2808.212144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations have been declining concurrently with increases in infectious diseases in the Arctic. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a zoonotic bacterium, was first described in 2015 as a notable cause of illness and death among several Arctic wildlife species. We investigated epidemiologic and environmental factors associated with the seroprevalence of E. rhusiopathiae in the Arctic and found that seropositivity was highest during warmer months, peaking in September, and was highest among adult males. Summer seroprevalence increases tracked with the oestrid index from the previous year, icing and snowing events, and precipitation from the same year but decreased with growing degree days in the same year. Seroprevalence of E. rhusiopathiae varied more during the later years of the study. Our findings provide key insights into the influence of environmental factors on disease prevalence that can be instrumental for anticipating and mitigating diseases associated with climate change among Arctic wildlife and human populations.
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Bradley M, Kutz SJ, Jenkins E, O'Hara TM. The potential impact of climate change on infectious diseases of Arctic fauna. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 64:468-77. [PMID: 16440609 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v64i5.18028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is already affecting Arctic species including infectious disease agents and greater changes are expected. Some infectious diseases are already increasing but future changes are difficult to predict because of the complexity of host-agent-environment relationships. However mechanisms related to climate change that will influence disease patterns are understood. Warmer temperatures will benefit free living bacteria and parasites whose survival and development is limited by temperature. Warmer temperatures could promote survivability, shorter development rates and transmission. Insects such as mosquitoes and ticks that transmit disease agents may also benefit from climate change as well as the diseases they spread. Climate change will have significant impacts on biodiversity. Disease agents of species that benefit from warming will likely become more prevalent. Host species stressed by changing environmental conditions may be more vulnerable to disease agents. Warming could lead to increased agriculture and other economic opportunities in the Arctic bringing people, domestic food animals, pets and invasive species and their disease agents into Northern regions. Climate warming may also favor the release of persistent environmental pollutants some of which can affect the immune system and may favor increased rates of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bradley
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
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3
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Pinto LB, Ometto T, Araújo J, Thomazelli LM, Seixas MM, Barbosa CM, Ramos DGS, Melo ALT, Pinho JB, Durigon EL, Aguiar DM. Investigation of Influenza A, West Nile and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Birds from the Pantanal Wetlands of Mato Grosso, Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LB Pinto
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - T Ometto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Araújo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - DGS Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - ALT Melo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - JB Pinho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - DM Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
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4
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Carrasco ADOT, Seki MC, Benevenute JL, Ikeda P, Pinto AA. Experimental infection with Brazilian Newcastle disease virus strain in pigeons and chickens. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:231-42. [PMID: 26887250 PMCID: PMC4822742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed with the goal of adding as much information as possible about the role of pigeons (Columba livia) and chickens (Gallus gallus) in Newcastle disease virus epidemiology. These species were submitted to direct experimental infection with Newcastle disease virus to evaluate interspecies transmission and virus-host relationships. The results obtained in four experimental models were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection of virus shedding. These techniques revealed that both avian species, when previously immunized with a low pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (LaSota), developed high antibody titers that significantly reduced virus shedding after infection with a highly pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (São Joao do Meriti) and that, in chickens, prevent clinical signs. Infected pigeons shed the pathogenic strain, which was not detected in sentinel chickens or control birds. When the presence of Newcastle disease virus was analyzed in tissue samples by RT-PCR, in both species, the virus was most frequently found in the spleen. The vaccination regimen can prevent clinical disease in chickens and reduce viral shedding by chickens or pigeons. Biosecurity measures associated with vaccination programs are crucial to maintain a virulent Newcastle disease virus-free status in industrial poultry in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meire Christina Seki
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Jyan Lucas Benevenute
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ikeda
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Aramis Augusto Pinto
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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5
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Fornells LAMG, Travassos CEPF, Costa CM, Novelli R, Petrucci MP, Soffiati FL, Bianchi I, de Souza LFL, Veiga VF, Liberal MHT, Couceiro JNSS. Detection of avian paramyxoviruses in migratory and resident birds in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Avian Dis 2014; 57:780-4. [PMID: 24597121 DOI: 10.1637/10548-040813-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses and avian influenza viruses are present worldwide, and wild birds are known natural reservoirs of these viruses. This study monitored the circulation of these viruses in migratory and resident coastal birds captured in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In total, 494 birds were trapped, and their fecal samples were collected and inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs. The allantoic fluids were evaluated using a hemagglutination test and PCR amplification of the genes of the M and L proteins of influenza A virus and paramyxovirus, respectively. Avian paramyxovirus was detected in 5 (1.01%) of the birds. The majority of these viruses were isolated from migratory birds classified into the order Charadriiformes (families Scolopacidae and Charadriidae). Four samples were characterized as avian paramyxovirus serotype-2 (APMV-2) by a hemagglutination inhibition test. These results reinforce the importance of continuous surveillance of wild species in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Alba M G Fornells
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitaria, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Costa
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Novelli
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavio L Soffiati
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iliani Bianchi
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Lino de Souza
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, 28015-620, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Venício F Veiga
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitaria, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maíra H T Liberal
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal-Setor de Biotecnologia, Empresa de Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Alameda São Boaventura, 770, Pesagro, Fonseca, 24120-191, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Nelson S S Couceiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitaria, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Detection of avian influenza virus and newcastle disease virus by duplex one step RT PCR. Open Life Sci 2013; 8:520-526. [PMID: 32215119 PMCID: PMC7089125 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease Virus (NDV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, and Influenza virus, from the Orthomyxoviridae family, are two main avian pathogens that cause serious economic problems in poultry farming. NDV strains are classified into three major pathotypes: velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic. Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are also divided into: low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) strains. Both viruses are enveloped, single stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses which give similar symptoms ranging from sub-clinical infections to severe disease, including loss in egg production, acute respiratory syndrome, and high mortality, depending on their level of pathogenicity. This similarity hinders diagnosis when based solely on clinical and post mortem examination. Most of the currently available molecular detection methods are also pathogenspecific, so that more than one RT-PCR is then required to confirm or exclude the presence of both pathogens. To overcome this disadvantage, we have applied a One Step Duplex RT-PCR method to distinguish between those two pathogens. The main objective of the project was to develop a universal, fast, and inexpensive method which could be used in any veterinary laboratory.
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Carrasco ADOT, Rodrigues JNM, Seki MC, de Moraes FE, Silva JR, Durigon EL, Pinto AA. Use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in molecular screening of Newcastle disease virus in poultry and free-living bird populations. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:569-76. [PMID: 22983878 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple molecular method of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to differentiate Newcastle disease virus strains according to their pathogenicity, in order to use it in molecular screening of Newcastle disease virus in poultry and free-living bird populations. Specific primers were developed to differentiate LaSota--LS--(vaccine strain) and Sao Joao do Meriti--SJM--strain (highly pathogenic strain). Chickens and pigeons were experimentally vaccinated/infected for an in vivo study to determine virus shedding in feces. Validation of sensitivity and specificity of the primers (SJM and LS) by experimental models used in the present study and results obtained in the molecular analysis of the primers by BLAST made it possible to generalize results. The development of primers that differentiate the level of pathogenicity of NDV stains is very important, mainly in countries where real-time RT-PCR is still not used as a routine test. These primers were able to determine the presence of the agent and to differentiate it according to its pathogenicity.
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Takekawa JY, Iverson SA, Schultz AK, Hill NJ, Cardona CJ, Boyce WM, Dudley JP. Field detection of avian influenza virus in wild birds: evaluation of a portable rRT-PCR system and freeze-dried reagents. J Virol Methods 2010; 166:92-7. [PMID: 20206650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Wild birds have been implicated in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) of the H5N1 subtype, prompting surveillance along migratory flyways. Sampling of wild birds is often conducted in remote regions, but results are often delayed because of limited local analytical capabilities, difficulties with sample transportation and permitting, or problems keeping samples cold in the field. In response to these challenges, the performance of a portable real-time, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) unit (RAPID((R)), Idaho Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT) that employed lyophilized reagents (Influenza A Target 1 Taqman; ASAY-ASY-0109, Idaho Technologies) was compared to virus isolation combined with real-time RT-PCR conducted in a laboratory. This study included both field- and experimental-based sampling. Field samples were collected from migratory shorebirds captured in northern California, while experimental samples were prepared by spiking fecal material with an H6N2 AIV isolate. Results indicated that the portable rRT-PCR unit had equivalent specificity to virus isolation with no false positives, but sensitivity was compromised at low viral titers. Use of portable rRT-PCR with lyophilized reagents may expedite surveillance results, paving the way to a better understanding of wild bird involvement in HPAIV H5N1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y Takekawa
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, 505 Azuar Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA. john
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9
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Abstract
Health problems related to the environment continue to be a major source of concern all over the world. Society needs to develop measures that will eliminate or considerably reduce hazardous factors from the environment that can result in health risk to humans.
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10
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Carrasco AOT, Seki MC, de Sousa RLM, Raso TF, Pinto AA. Protection levels of vaccinated pigeons (Columba livia) against a highly pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41:1325-33. [PMID: 19253000 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to model a vaccination regimen for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in pigeons, and to evaluate the susceptibility and behavior of vaccinated birds against a highly pathogenic NDV Brazilian strain. Antibody response was assessed by means of hemagglutination inhibition test (HI), and viral genome excretion by means of RT-PCR. Vaccinal strains (La Sota and Ulster) induced high antibody titers without any adverse effects, both in inoculated and in sentinel birds. A viral strain pathogenic for chickens did not produce clinical signs of the disease in experimentally infected pigeons. Only 4 out of 10 vaccinated pigeons shed NDV genome, and just for two days. Results confirmed the high infectivity of the vaccinal strains used, as all nonvaccinated pigeons showed antibody titers as high as those of vaccinated birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano O T Carrasco
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
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11
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Experimental infection of Newcastle disease virus in pigeons (Columba livia): Humoral antibody response, contact transmission and viral genome shedding. Vet Microbiol 2008; 129:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Kim MJ, Hwang SY, Imaizumi T, Yoo JY. Negative feedback regulation of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by interferon-induced ISG15 conjugation. J Virol 2008; 82:1474-83. [PMID: 18057259 PMCID: PMC2224411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01650-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I senses intracellular virus-specific nucleic acid structures and initiates an antiviral response that induces interferon (IFN) production, which, in turn, activates the transcription of RIG-I to increase RIG-I protein levels. Upon intracellular poly(I:C) stimulation, however, the levels of RIG-I protein did not correlate with the expression patterns of RIG-I transcripts. When the ISG15 conjugation system was overexpressed, ISG15 was conjugated to RIG-I and cellular levels of the unconjugated form of RIG-I decreased. The ISGylation of RIG-I reduced levels of both basal and virus-induced IFN promoter activity. Levels of unconjugated RIG-I also decreased when 26S proteasome activity was blocked by treatment with MG132, ALLN, or Lactacystin. In the presence of MG132, ISG15 conjugation to RIG-I increased, and hence, the unconjugated form of RIG-I was reduced. In Ube1L(-/-) cells, which lack the ability to conjugate ISG15, basal levels of both RIG-I protein and transcripts were increased compared to those in wild-type cells. As a result, enhanced production of ISGs and enhanced IFN promoter activity in Ube1L(-/-) cells were observed, and the phenotype was restored to that of wild-type cells by the overexpression of Ube1L. Based on these results, we propose a novel negative feedback loop which adjusts the strength of the RIG-I-mediated antiviral response and IFN production through the regulation of RIG-I protein by IFN-induced ISG15 conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Assunção P, de Ponte Machado M, De la Fe C, Ramírez AS, Rosales RS, Antunes NT, Poveda C, Poveda JB. Prevalence of Pathogens in Great White Pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) from the Western Cape, South Africa. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2007.9706841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Kong LC, Ren T, Ao YH, Xi RZ, Liao M. Multiplex Rt-PCR for Virulence Detection and Differentiation Between Newcastle Disease Virus and Goose-Origin APVM-1. Avian Dis 2007; 51:668-73. [DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[668:mrfvda]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) to review Newcastle disease focussing on vaccination worldwide in order to determine its optimal use for disease control purposes. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Van Borm S, Steensels M, Ferreira HL, Boschmans M, De Vriese J, Lambrecht B, van den Berg T. A Universal Avian Endogenous Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction Control and Its Application to Avian Influenza Diagnosis and Quantification. Avian Dis 2007; 51:213-20. [PMID: 17494556 DOI: 10.1637/7552-033106r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) is becoming an established first-line diagnostic assay as well as a precise quantification tool for avian influenza virus detection. However, there remain some limitations. First, we show that the sensitivity of RRT-PCR influenza detection can be 10- to 100-fold inhibited in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Adding 0.5 U of heat-activated Taq DNA polymerase successfully reverses PCR inhibition. Second, an excellent strategy for detecting false negative samples is the coamplification of an internal control from each sample. We developed a universal avian endogenous internal control (bird beta-actin) and apply it to influenza A diagnosis. Moreover, this internal control proves useful as a normalizer control for virus quantification, because beta-actin gene expression does not change in infected vs. uninfected ducks. A combined panel of wild bird cloacal swabs, wild bird tissue samples, experimental duck swabs, and experimental duck and chicken tissue samples was used to validate the endogenous control. The application of an endogenous internal control proves an excellent strategy both for avoiding false negative diagnostic results and for standardizing virus quantification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Borm
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Institute, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Farkas T, Antal M, Sámi L, Germán P, Kecskeméti S, Kardos G, Belák S, Kiss I. Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses by Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:38-43. [PMID: 17359445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A duplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (dRT-PCR) assay has been developed for the simultaneous, rapid and specific detection/discrimination of avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Primers targeting the matrix protein gene (M) of AIV and the fusion protein gene (F) of NDV were evaluated experimentally with 13 AIV and 19 NDV strains. PCR products of the expected size of 144 bp and 316 bp were amplified from AIV/NDV samples, respectively, while no cross-reaction was observed with negative controls or with 16 other avian pathogens. The endpoint of detection was defined as approximately 10(+0.5) 50% egg infectious dose (EID(50))/0.2 ml for AIV and 10(+2.2) EID(50)/0.2 ml for NDV. The assay was able to detect AIV/NDV with similar sensitivity in spiked stool samples and in specimens from vaccinated birds. The developed dRT-PCR assay is a rapid, cost-effective tool, which provides powerful novel means for the early diagnosis of avian influenza and Newcastle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Farkas
- Central Veterinary Institute, Institute of Debrecen, Bornemissza u. 3-7, H-4031 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Ha SH, Kim HA, Kim YH, Kim JS, Lee KH, Park SY, Park WJ, Seong BL. A multiplex RT-PCR method for screening of reassortant live influenza vaccine virus strains. J Virol Methods 2006; 134:154-63. [PMID: 16434109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A system based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the RNA genome was established to identify genetic composition of influenza viruses generated by reassortment between an attenuated donor virus and virulent wild type virus. The primers were designed, by multiple sequence alignment of variable regions, specific for cold-adapted donor virus HTCA-A 101, as compared to other influenza A viruses. The specificity of each primer set was confirmed and the primers were combined to perform RT-PCR in multiplex manner. The multiplex PCR was adopted to distinguish the 6:2 reassortant viruses containing six internal genome segments of attenuated donor virus and two surface antigens of virulent strain from the wild type viruses. The method allowed us to optimize the reassorting process on a routine basis and to confirm the selection of reassortant clones efficiently. The method is suitable for analyzing the contribution of specific gene segments for growth and attenuating characteristics and for generation of live attenuated vaccine by annual reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hoon Ha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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