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Belesov AV, Rezviy TV, Pokryshkin SA, Chukhchin DG, Kozhevnikov AY. New insights into the role of sediments in microplastic inputs from the Northern Dvina River (Russia) to the White and Barents Seas. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116310. [PMID: 38569304 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The Northern Dvina River is one of the main sources of microplastic pollution entering to the White and Barents Seas. The coastal and bottom sediments of this river play an important role as a transfer link of microplastics. With Py-GC/MS and μFT-IR methods, it was found that the sediments contain up to 350 mg/kg or 650 particles/kg of microplastic (dry weight). The unique hydrologic conditions of the river branching area contribute to the formation of a microplastic pollution hotspot. The hotspot accumulates >30 % of microplastic pollution, mainly ABS plastic particles smaller than 0.3 mm with roughness and cracks, which increases the hazard class (from II to IV) of microplastic pollution. Obtained data and high annual variability of pollution indicates that this area acts as a place of accumulation, degradation and gradual release of microplastics into the White and Barents Seas, i.e. into the Arctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom V Belesov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Timofey V Rezviy
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Sergey A Pokryshkin
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Dmitry G Chukhchin
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Alexandr Yu Kozhevnikov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
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2
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Zhu P, Huang J. Balancing energy security and marine pollution prevention: legal challenges of utilizing nuclear power for decarbonizing maritime transportation in the Arctic region. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31291-0. [PMID: 38105322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is facing growing demands for energy to support various economic activities, while also grappling with the profound impacts of climate change. Black carbon particulate matter emissions reduction is a key objective to mitigate the susceptibility of the Arctic's ecosystems to the impact of climate change. Nuclear power has been suggested as a potential source of clean energy to decarbonize maritime transport in the Arctic. However, although the operation of nuclear-powered vessels and floating nuclear power platforms in the region ensures energy security and reduces black carbon emissions, it may pose significant risks of nuclear material release and radiological accidents and raise concerns about improper radioactive waste disposal. In regulating these nuclear-powered vessels and floating nuclear power platforms in the Arctic, the existing international legal regime faced a series of challenges. This research employs a method of policy analysis to analyze these legal challenges and explores how the international community could work together to cope with the challenges that arise in the Arctic during the operation of nuclear-powered vessels and platforms for maritime decarbonization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen Wang
- School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Room 330, Yangyongman Building, No. 555 Longyuan Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Room 330, Yangyongman Building, No. 555 Longyuan Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Puxin Zhu
- School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Room 330, Yangyongman Building, No. 555 Longyuan Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiabei Huang
- School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Room 330, Yangyongman Building, No. 555 Longyuan Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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3
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Malyavskaya S, Kostrova G, Kudryavtsev AV, Lebedev А. Low vitamin D levels among children and adolescents in an Arctic population. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1003-1008. [PMID: 35477329 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to study the vitamin D status of the population of Arkhangelsk, a city in northwestern Russia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Arkhangelsk residents, including 55 neonates and their mothers, 214 children <3 years, 191 schoolchildren (7-8 years), 403 adolescents (13-17 years), 260 university students (18-22 years) and 85 adults (24-60 years). The data were collected from March 2013 to November 2014 and from January 2016 to May 2016. RESULTS Normal levels of 25(OH)D (>30 ng/ml) were found in 5% of neonates, 43% of their mothers, 43% of children <3 years, 9% of schoolchildren, 1% of adolescents, 17% of students and 26% of adults. There was a moderate positive correlation (rs = 0.563, p = 0.001) between 25(OH)D levels in mother's blood and umbilical cord blood. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the population of Arkhangelsk, particularly in neonates, schoolchildren and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galina Kostrova
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Аndrey Lebedev
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
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Slepchenko SM, Gusev AV, Svyatova EO, Hong JH, Lee H, Shin DH. Anthropological report of arctic people's mummy found at a medieval grave of West Siberia. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:404-408. [PMID: 37258423 PMCID: PMC10520856 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In arctic zone of West Siberia, native people's bodies were sometimes mummified inside the medieval graves. In 2013 to 2017, we conducted the excavations of medieval graves at Zeleny Yar cemetery in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Among the burials, current report deals with the mummy grave #79. During the investigation, bronze plate and strips, woven or fur clothing, leather strap, beads, bronze bracelets, and iron knife etc. were collected. Anatomical and radiological research showed that the mummy was found intact with hair, skin, and skeletons, but the preservation status of soft tissue differed greatly depending on the area. The brain and eyes were well preserved, but the chest and abdominal organs almost disappeared. The arms were preserved to some extent, but only the bones remained in the legs. The West Siberian mummy could be a great resource for anthropologists to reveal the biological aspects of arctic indigenous people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Vasilyevich Gusev
- Sector of History and Archeology, Arctic Research Center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | | | - Jong Ha Hong
- Institute of Korean Archaeology and Ancient History, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee J, Yun J, Yang Y, Jung JY, Lee YK, Yuan J, Ding W, Freeman C, Kang H. Attenuation of Methane Oxidation by Nitrogen Availability in Arctic Tundra Soils. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2647-2659. [PMID: 36719133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CH4 emission in the Arctic has large uncertainty due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of the processes. CH4 oxidation in Arctic soil plays a critical role in the process, whereby removal of up to 90% of CH4 produced in soils by methanotrophs can occur before it reaches the atmosphere. Previous studies have reported on the importance of rising temperatures in CH4 oxidation, but because the Arctic is typically an N-limited system, fewer studies on the effects of inorganic nitrogen (N) have been reported. However, climate change and an increase of available N caused by anthropogenic activities have recently been reported, which may cause a drastic change in CH4 oxidation in Arctic soils. In this study, we demonstrate that excessive levels of available N in soil cause an increase in net CH4 emissions via the reduction of CH4 oxidation in surface soil in the Arctic tundra. In vitro experiments suggested that N in the form of NO3- is responsible for the decrease in CH4 oxidation via influencing soil bacterial and methanotrophic communities. The findings of our meta-analysis suggest that CH4 oxidation in the boreal biome is more susceptible to the addition of N than in other biomes. We provide evidence that CH4 emissions in Arctic tundra can be enhanced by an increase of available N, with profound implications for modeling CH4 dynamics in Arctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Yun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Yerang Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon21990, South Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon21990, South Korea
| | - Junji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Weixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Chris Freeman
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, BangorLL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Hojeong Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
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Aleuy OA, Anholt M, Orsel K, Mavrot F, Gagnon CA, Beckmen K, Côté SD, Cuyler C, Dobson A, Elkin B, Leclerc LM, Taillon J, Kutz S. Association of Environmental Factors with Seasonal Intensity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Seropositivity among Arctic Caribou. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1650-1658. [PMID: 35876625 PMCID: PMC9328914 DOI: 10.3201/eid2808.212144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations have been declining concurrently with increases in infectious diseases in the Arctic. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a zoonotic bacterium, was first described in 2015 as a notable cause of illness and death among several Arctic wildlife species. We investigated epidemiologic and environmental factors associated with the seroprevalence of E. rhusiopathiae in the Arctic and found that seropositivity was highest during warmer months, peaking in September, and was highest among adult males. Summer seroprevalence increases tracked with the oestrid index from the previous year, icing and snowing events, and precipitation from the same year but decreased with growing degree days in the same year. Seroprevalence of E. rhusiopathiae varied more during the later years of the study. Our findings provide key insights into the influence of environmental factors on disease prevalence that can be instrumental for anticipating and mitigating diseases associated with climate change among Arctic wildlife and human populations.
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Gustafsdottir SS, Sigurdardottir AK, Mårtensson L, Arnadottir SA. Making Europe health literate: including older adults in sparsely populated Arctic areas. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:511. [PMID: 35296283 PMCID: PMC8924562 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older people have been identified as having lower health literacy (HL) than the general population average. Living in sparsely populated Arctic regions involves unique health challenges that may influence HL. The research aim was to explore the level of HL, its problematic dimensions, and its association with the selection of contextual factors among older adults living in sparsely populated areas in Northern Iceland. Method This was a cross-sectional study based on a stratified random sample from the national register of one urban town and two rural areas. The study included 175 participants (57.9% participation rate) who were community-dwelling (40% rural) and aged 65–92 years (M 74.2 ± SD 6.3), 43% of whom were women. Data were collected in 2017-2018 via face-to-face interviews, which included the standardised European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-short version (HLS-EU-Q16) with a score range from 0 to 16 (low-high HL). Results The level of HL ranged from 6–16 (M 13.25, SD ± 2.41) with 65% having sufficient HL (score 13–16), 31.3% problematic HL (score 9–12) and 3.7% inadequate HL (score 0–8). Most problematic dimension of HL was within the domains of disease prevention and health promotion related to information in the media. Univariate linear regression revealed that better HL was associated with more education (p=0.001), more resiliency (p=0.001), driving a car (p=0.006), good access to health care- (p=0.005) and medical service (p=0.027), younger age (p=0.005), adequate income (p=0.044) and less depression (p=0.006). Multivariable analysis showed that more education (p=0.014) and driving a car (p=0.017) were independent predictors of better HL. Conclusion Difficulties in HL concern information in the media. HL was strongly associated with education and driving a car however, not with urban-rural residency. Mobility and access should be considered for improving HL of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja S Gustafsdottir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Solborg v/Nordurslod, 600, Akureyri, Iceland.
| | - Arun K Sigurdardottir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Solborg v/Nordurslod, 600, Akureyri, Iceland.,Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Lena Mårtensson
- Health and Rehabilitation at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Solveig A Arnadottir
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Singh AE, Kulleperuma K, Begin J, DeGuzman J, Sammurtok D, Anoee O, Koonoo T, Pawa J. Lessons from management of syphilis in Nunavut, Canada, 2012-2020. Can Commun Dis Rep 2022; 48:102-110. [PMID: 35342373 PMCID: PMC8889926 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v48i23a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nunavut, part of Inuit Nunangat, is a geographically vast territory in northern Canada, with a population of over 38,000 people. Most (85%) of the population identify as Inuit. Nunavut has experienced a significant rise in heterosexual infectious syphilis cases since 2012. Management of communicable diseases, including syphilis, is challenging due to high staff turnover and long delays in specimen transport times. Social determinants of health are also an important contributor. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology and program elements for infectious syphilis from 2012-2020 and to highlight beneficial interventions. METHODS Syphilis is a notifiable disease in Nunavut with all cases reported to the Territorial Department of Health. Cases were staged by a medical consultant. Data were analyzed and released in public reports as part of the public health program. RESULTS From 2012 to 2020, 655 infectious syphilis cases were reported, with 53% of reported cases among females. Infection rates were highest in 20 to 39-year-olds. There was significant variability in reported cases over this time period by geographic region, with the majority of infectious cases reported from the Kivalliq region. Despite 48 reported cases in pregnancy, no confirmed congenital syphilis cases were identified. Program staff identified strengths of the response as well as ongoing needs, such as plain language resources available in multiple languages. CONCLUSION Despite the logistical challenges with syphilis management in the territory, the overall outcomes have been positive, with no confirmed congenital cases identified. We attribute this to a coordinated effort by multiple partners including key actions by public health nurses and community health representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeta E Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | | | - Jenny Begin
- Government of Nunavut, Department of Health, Iqaluit, NU
| | | | | | - Obed Anoee
- Government of Nunavut, Department of Health, Arviat, NU
| | - Theresa Koonoo
- Government of Nunavut, Department of Health, Iqaluit, NU
| | - Jasmine Pawa
- Government of Nunavut, Department of Health, Iqaluit, NU
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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Danielsen KH, Vårnes TK, Sagelv EH, Heitmann KA, Mathisen GE. Seasonal variations in physical activity among Norwegian elementary school children in Arctic regions. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:2004688. [PMID: 34806563 PMCID: PMC8635590 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.2004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure seasonal variations in physical activity (PA) during Polar Nights (PN) and Polar Days (PD) among elementary school children in the Arctic regions of Norway. One hundred and seventy-eight schoolchildren from 1st, 3rd, 5thand 7th grade participated in the study. Physical activity was measured for seven consecutive days with an ActiGraph GT3X-BT accelerometer and is expressed as total PA incounts per minute (cpm) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) (min∙day-1). During PN, 51% of boys and 33% of girls met the PA recommendations, whereas 36% of boys and 34% of girls met the recommendations during PD. Time spent doing MVPA did not differ between the two seasons (all p ≥ 0.073). Overall, the children accumulated 613 ±154 cpm during PN, which was lower than during PD 704 ± 269 cpm, p < 0.001). A larger proportion of boys than girls met the PA recommendations during PN compared with PD. Our findings did not show any clear seasonal variation for MVPA or total PA among children,except for some differences within sexes in different grades. This study indicates that interventions aimed at increasing PA should be implemented throughout the year in the Arctic regions. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H. Danielsen
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thilde K. Vårnes
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Edvard H. Sagelv
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kim A. Heitmann
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunnar E. Mathisen
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Tojo M, Fujii N, Yagi H, Yamashita Y, Tokura K, Kida K, Hakoda A, Herrero ML, Hoshino T, Uchida M. Identification and Isolation Pattern of Globisporangium spp. from a Sanionia Moss Colony in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway from 2006 to 2018. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091912. [PMID: 34576807 PMCID: PMC8467116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globisporangium spp. are soil-inhabiting oomycetes distributed worldwide, including in polar regions. Some species of the genus are known as important plant pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the species construction of Globisporangium spp. and their long-term isolation pattern in Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. Globisporangium spp. were isolated at two-year intervals between 2006 and 2018 at a Sanionia moss colony, Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. The isolates were obtained by using three agar media and were identified based on sequences of the rDNA-ITS region and cultural characteristics. Most of the Globisporangium isolates obtained during the survey were identified into six species. All six species were grown at 0 °C on an agar plate and used to infect Sanionia moss at 4 and/or 10 °C under an in vitro inoculation test. The total isolation frequency of Globisporangium gradually decreased throughout the survey period. The isolation frequency varied among the six species, and four of the species that showed a high frequency in 2006 were rarely isolated after 2016. The results suggested that Globisporangium inhabiting Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund has a unique composition of species and that most of the species reduced their population over the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Tojo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natsumi Fujii
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Hironori Yagi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Katsuyuki Tokura
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Kenichi Kida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akiho Hakoda
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - María-Luz Herrero
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology 88-1, Obiraki, Myo, Hachinohe 031-8501, Japan;
| | - Masaki Uchida
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;
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Kostenius C, Nyström L. "When I feel well all over, I study and learn better" - experiences of good conditions for health and learning in schools in the Arctic region of Sweden. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 79:1788339. [PMID: 32663109 PMCID: PMC7480518 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1788339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge facing the Arctic region is the disengagement of both education and work among its youth. Only by supporting young people who are struggling with mental and physical health challenges can we begin to address this societal challenge. Education, mental health and social inclusion are prominent factors for future employment, income and independent living for young people. The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of good conditions for health and learning in schools in the Arctic region. The 5-D appreciative inquiry method was used to explore 47 students’ and professionals’ experiences and future visions of their school. A phenomenological analysis resulted in three themes: “Standing as one”, “Having an apple a day”, and “Finding the end of the rainbow”. The findings revealed the necessity of promoting health and learning simultaneously in school and viewing health holistically. Health-promoting relationships permeate the findings of good conditions for health and learning. We argue for considering mandatory health education to increase students’ health literacy and making student participation and staff collaboration a priority in schools in the Arctic region. These findings, their practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrine Kostenius
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden
| | - Lena Nyström
- Norrbotten Association of Local Authorities , Luleå, Sweden
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Krylov AA, Egorov IV, Kovachev SA, Ilinskiy DA, Ganzha OY, Timashkevich GK, Roginskiy KA, Kulikov ME, Novikov MA, Ivanov VN, Radiuk EA, Rukavishnikova DD, Neeshpapa AV, Velichko GO, Lobkovsky LI, Medvedev IP, Semiletov IP. Ocean-Bottom Seismographs Based on Broadband MET Sensors: Architecture and Deployment Case Study in the Arctic. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3979. [PMID: 34207695 DOI: 10.3390/s21123979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Arctic seas are now of particular interest due to their prospects in terms of hydrocarbon extraction, development of marine transport routes, etc. Thus, various geohazards, including those related to seismicity, require detailed studies, especially by instrumental methods. This paper is devoted to the ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) based on broadband molecular–electronic transfer (MET) sensors and a deployment case study in the Laptev Sea. The purpose of the study is to introduce the architecture of several modifications of OBS and to demonstrate their applicability in solving different tasks in the framework of seismic hazard assessment for the Arctic seas. To do this, we used the first results of several pilot deployments of the OBS developed by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS) and IP Ilyinskiy A.D. in the Laptev Sea that took place in 2018–2020. We highlighted various seismological applications of OBS based on broadband MET sensors CME-4311 (60 s) and CME-4111 (120 s), including the analysis of ambient seismic noise, registering the signals of large remote earthquakes and weak local microearthquakes, and the instrumental approach of the site response assessment. The main characteristics of the broadband MET sensors and OBS architectures turned out to be suitable for obtaining high-quality OBS records under the Arctic conditions to solve seismological problems. In addition, the obtained case study results showed the prospects in a broader context, such as the possible influence of the seismotectonic factor on the bottom-up thawing of subsea permafrost and massive methane release, probably from decaying hydrates and deep geological sources. The described OBS will be actively used in further Arctic expeditions.
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13
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Wang J, Jaramillo-Torres A, Li Y, Kortner TM, Gajardo K, Brevik ØJ, Jakobsen JV, Krogdahl Å. Microbiota in intestinal digesta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), observed from late freshwater stage until one year in seawater, and effects of functional ingredients: a case study from a commercial sized research site in the Arctic region. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:14. [PMID: 33509296 PMCID: PMC7841887 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the gut microbiota for health and wellbeing is well established for humans and some land animals. The gut microbiota is supposedly as important for fish, but existing knowledge has many gaps, in particular for fish in the Arctic areas. This study addressed the dynamics of Atlantic salmon digesta-associated gut microbiota assemblage and its associations with host responses from freshwater to seawater life stages under large-scale, commercial conditions in the Arctic region of Norway, and explored the effects of functional ingredients. The microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in distal intestinal digesta at four time points: 2 weeks before seawater transfer (in May, FW); 4 weeks after seawater transfer (in June, SW1); in November (SW2), and in April (SW3) the following year. Two series of diets were fed, varying throughout the observation time in nutrient composition according to the requirements of fish, one without (Ref diet), and the other with functional ingredients (Test diet). The functional ingredients, i.e. nucleotides, yeast cell walls, one prebiotic and essential fatty acids, were supplemented as single or mixtures based on the strategies from the feed company. RESULTS Overall, the fish showed higher microbial richness and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundance after seawater transfer, while Simpson's diversity decreased throughout the observation period. At SW1, the gut microbiota was slightly different from those at FW, and was dominated by the genera Lactobacillus and Photobacterium. As the fish progressed towards SW2 and SW3, the genera Lactobacillus and Mycoplasma became more prominent, with a corresponding decline in genus Photobacterium. The overall bacterial profiles at these time points showed a clear distinction from those at FW. A significant effect of functional ingredients (a mixture of nucleotides, yeast cell walls and essential fatty acids) was observed at SW2, where Test-fed fish showed lower microbial richness, Shannon's diversity, and LAB abundance. The multivariate association analysis identified differentially abundant taxa, especially Megasphaera, to be significantly associated with gut immune and barrier gene expressions, and plasma nutrients. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota profile varied during the observation period, and the Mycoplasma became the dominating bacteria with time. Megasphaera abundance was associated with gut health and plasma nutrient biomarkers. Functional ingredients modulated the gut microbiota profile during an important ongrowing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Alexander Jaramillo-Torres
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Yanxian Li
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Karina Gajardo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Jan Vidar Jakobsen
- Cargill Aqua Nutrition, Prof. Olav Hanssensvei 7A, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
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Vosel Y, Belyanin D, Melgunov M, Vosel S, Mezina K, Kropacheva M, Zhurkova I, Shcherbov B. Accumulation of natural radionuclides ( 7Be, 210Pb) and micro-elements in mosses, lichens and cedar and larch needles in the Arctic Western Siberia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2021; 28:2880-2892. [PMID: 32895789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is a study of the atmospheric-origin natural radionuclides (7Be and 210Pb) and a wide range of micro- and macro-element accumulation in mosses, lichens, cedar and larch needles in Arctic western Siberia (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District). Based on the specific activities measurements of atmospheric precipitation markers (7Be and 210Pb), this study found that the concentration of dust particles in the studied objects incrementally increases in the following order, from lowest concentration to highest: cedar needles, larch needles, lichens and mosses. Concentrations of Zr, Hf, Ti, Th, Fe, V, Li, Na, Si, Be, Y, rare earth elements (REE) and Sc in this area also increase in the same ascending sequence. Enrichment factors of these elements (EF) relative to the North American Shale Composite (NASC) are close to unity, which proves their terrigenous origin. Also, the terrigenous origin of the elements in the studied biological objects is confirmed by their high correlation coefficients with Sc. This means that their concentration in the studied biological objects is the result of a background of solid atmospheric precipitation. Enrichment factors of biogenic elements and their analogues (P, Se, Mn, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs) are significantly greater than unity, and this is associated with high concentrations of these elements in the biological part of the samples. A radially symmetric distribution of Pb content in biological objects is observed over the surface of the studied area (with a center located within the city of Novy Urengoy). This leads to the conclusion that there is a point source around which anthropogenic precipitation of Pb takes place. This distribution is most clearly manifested by the example of larch and cedar needles. Anthropogenic deposition of other elements has not been detected in this study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Vosel
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy Belyanin
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melgunov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Vosel
- Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya Mezina
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Marya Kropacheva
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Inna Zhurkova
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Boris Shcherbov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ac. Koptyuga ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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15
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Biresselioglu ME, Demir MH, Solak B, Kayacan A, Altinci S. Investigating the trends in arctic research: The increasing role of social sciences and humanities. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:139027. [PMID: 32498176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic Region experienced a series of significant changes due to shifting climate conditions, resulting in multiple opportunities and challenges for international actors, and encouraging both Arctic and non-Arctic states to promote their own national interests. Hence, the region has become a global priority, and a focus of scientific studies across the Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) disciplines. This study systematically analyses the literature on the Arctic Region, conducting a multidimensional bibliometric analysis and content analysis on the basis of semantic clustering. The purpose of the analysis is to determine future Arctic-related research themes. The study follows a three-level research framework. The first level of the analysis highlights a disciplinary shift in the Arctic literature from Natural Sciences towards Social Sciences and Humanities, particularly, focusing on the environment, technology, political and energy-related issues. The second level identifies 9 research themes which are validated in the third level. The third level reveals the most prominent terms and prioritized research areas in the Arctic literature, namely, Governance, Security Issues, Economic Factors, Legal Issues, Energy and Natural Resources, Logistics, Climate Change and Environment, Technology, and Socio-cultural and Ethnic Issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhittin Hakan Demir
- Department of Logistics Management, Business School, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey.
| | - Berfu Solak
- Sustainable Energy Division, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey.
| | - Altan Kayacan
- Department of Political Science and International Relations, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey.
| | - Sebnem Altinci
- Sustainable Energy Division, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey.
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16
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Averina M, Brox J, Huber S, Furberg AS. Perfluoroalkyl substances in adolescents in northern Norway: Lifestyle and dietary predictors. The Tromsø study, Fit Futures 1. Environ Int 2018; 114:123-130. [PMID: 29500988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally persistent chemicals widely used in many consumer products due to water and oil proofing and fire-resistant properties. Several PFASs are recognized as environmental pollutants. This study investigated serum concentrations of 18 different PFASs and their associations with diet and lifestyle variables in 940 adolescents (age 15-19 years) who participated in the Fit Futures 1 study in the Troms arctic district of Norway. Serum concentrations of PFASs were analyzed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). The most abundant PFASs in this population were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) that were found in 99% of the participants. Perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) was found in 98% of the participants. Median concentrations were: PFOS 6.20 ng/mL, PFOA 1.92 ng/mL, PFHxS 0.71 ng/mL, PFNA 0.50 ng/mL, PFDA 0.21 ng/mL and PFHpS 0.15 ng/mL. Median of PFASs sum concentration (∑PFAS) was 10.7 ng/mL, the concentration range was 2.6-200.8 ng/mL. Intake of fat fish, fish liver, seagull eggs, reindeer meat and drinks with sugar were the main dietary predictors of several PFASs. Intake of junk food (pizza, hamburger, sausages) was positively associated with PFNA, intake of canned food was positively associated with PFHxS. Intake of fruits and vegetables, milk products, snacks and candy was not associated with PFASs concentrations. Lean fish intake was positively associated with PFUnDA, but not with other PFASs. There was a positive association of ∑PFAS, PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA with chewed tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Averina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.
| | - Jan Brox
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø
| | - Sandra Huber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Laganà P, Votano L, Caruso G, Azzaro M, Lo Giudice A, Delia S. Bacterial isolates from the Arctic region (Pasvik River, Norway): assessment of biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1089-1102. [PMID: 29079976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm production is recognized as a strategy that helps aquatic bacteria in resisting to the presence of several kinds of pollutants, including antibiotics, in the bulk environment. The Pasvik River, located between Norway, Russia and Finland, is a sub-Arctic site polluted by wastes from metallurgic and mining activities. In order to study whether and to what extent bacteria are able to produce biofilms, and to assess whether this physiological characteristic influences their resistance to antibiotics, an investigation was performed on bacteria isolated from water and sediment collected along the Pasvik River course during two surveys (May and July). Bacterial strains were screened for their biofilm production and profiles of susceptibility to antibiotics. Results showed that biofilm formation was a widespread characteristic of the isolates. Most of them were also resistant to several antibiotics, such as ampicillin (100% of the isolates) as well as cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, mezlocillin, nitrofurantoin and sisomicin (90% of the total strains). This study shows a significant association between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance at inner stations both in water and in sediments in May only. This suggests that in Pasvik River colder temperature may stimulate bacterial aggregation into biofilm and simultaneously decrease bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics; since the occurrence of antibiotic resistance has frequently been linked to the presence of pollutants, this result could represent a strategy of bacterial survival under altered environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ludovica Votano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Caruso
- National Research Council (CNR-IAMC), Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- National Research Council (CNR-IAMC), Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- National Research Council (CNR-IAMC), Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, 98122, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santi Delia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Hof AR, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Allen AM, Jansson R, Nilsson C. Vulnerability of Subarctic and Arctic breeding birds. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:219-234. [PMID: 28052503 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research predicts that future climate change will result in substantial biodiversity loss associated with loss of habitat for species. However, the magnitude of the anticipated biodiversity impacts are less well known. Studies of species vulnerability to climate change through species distribution models are often limited to assessing the extent of species' exposure to the consequences of climate change to their local environment, neglecting species sensitivity to global change. The likelihood that species or populations will decline or go extinct due to climate change also depends on the general sensitivity and adaptive capacity of species. Hence, analyses should also obtain more accurate assessments of their vulnerability. We addressed this by constructing a vulnerability matrix for 180 bird species currently breeding in Subarctic and Arctic Europe that integrates a climatic exposure-based vulnerability index and a natural-history trait-based vulnerability index. Species that may need extra conservation attention based on our matrix include the Great Snipe (Gallinago media), the Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus), the Red-throated Pipit (Anthus cervinus), the Common Swift (Apus apus), the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris), and the Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica). Our vulnerability matrix stresses the importance of looking beyond exposure to climate change when species conservation is the aim. For the species that scored high in our matrix the future in the region looks grim and targeted conservation actions, incorporating macroecological and global perspectives, may be needed to alleviate severe population declines. We further demonstrate that climate change is predicted to significantly reduce the current breeding range of species adapted to cold climates in Subarctic and Arctic Europe. The number of incubation days and whether the species was a habitat specialist or not were also among the variables most strongly related to predicted contraction or expansion of species' breeding ranges. This approach may aid the identification of vulnerable bird species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouschka R Hof
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Roland Jansson
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
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19
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Li F, Zhu R, Bao T, Wang Q, Xu H. Sunlight stimulates methane uptake and nitrous oxide emission from the High Arctic tundra. Sci Total Environ 2016; 572:1150-1160. [PMID: 27522286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental factors affecting methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes have been investigated during the processes of carbon and nitrogen transformation in the boreal tundra. However, effects of sunlight on CH4 and N2O fluxes and their budgets were neglected in the boreal tundra. Here, summertime CH4 and N2O fluxes in the presence and total absence of sunlight were investigated at the six tundra sites (DM1-DM6) on Ny-Ålesund in the High Arctic. The mean CH4 fluxes at the tundra sites ranged from -4.7 to -158.6μg CH4 m-2h-1 in the presence of light, indicating that a large CH4 sink occurred in the tundra soils. However, enhanced CH4 emission in total absence of light occurred at all the tundra sites. The mean N2O fluxes ranged from 7.4 to 14.6μg N2O m-2h-1 in the presence of light, whereas in the absence of light all the tundra sites generally released less N2O, and even significant N2O uptake occurred there. Soil temperature, chamber temperature and soil moisture showed no significant correlations with tundra CH4 and N2O flux. The presence of sunlight increased tundra CH4 uptake by 114.2μg CH4 m-2h-1 and N2O emission by 10.9μg N2O m-2h-1 compared with total absence of light. Overall our results showed that tundra ecosystem switched from CH4 sink and N2O emission source in the presence of light to CH4 emission source and N2O sink in the absence of light. Therefore sunlight had an important effect on CH4 and N2O budgets in the High Arctic tundra. The exclusion of sunlight might overestimate CH4 budgets, but underestimate N2O budgets in the Arctic tundra ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Tao Bao
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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20
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Parkinson AJ, Evengard B, Semenza JC, Ogden N, Børresen ML, Berner J, Brubaker M, Sjöstedt A, Evander M, Hondula DM, Menne B, Pshenichnaya N, Gounder P, Larose T, Revich B, Hueffer K, Albihn A. Climate change and infectious diseases in the Arctic: establishment of a circumpolar working group. Int J Circumpolar Health 2014; 73:25163. [PMID: 25317383 PMCID: PMC4185088 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v73.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic, even more so than other parts of the world, has warmed substantially over the past few decades. Temperature and humidity influence the rate of development, survival and reproduction of pathogens and thus the incidence and prevalence of many infectious diseases. Higher temperatures may also allow infected host species to survive winters in larger numbers, increase the population size and expand their habitat range. The impact of these changes on human disease in the Arctic has not been fully evaluated. There is concern that climate change may shift the geographic and temporal distribution of a range of infectious diseases. Many infectious diseases are climate sensitive, where their emergence in a region is dependent on climate-related ecological changes. Most are zoonotic diseases, and can be spread between humans and animals by arthropod vectors, water, soil, wild or domestic animals. Potentially climate-sensitive zoonotic pathogens of circumpolar concern include Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spp., Clostridium botulinum, Francisella tularensis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bacillus anthracis, Echinococcus spp., Leptospira spp., Giardia spp., Cryptosporida spp., Coxiella burnetti, rabies virus, West Nile virus, Hantaviruses, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Parkinson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Birgitta Evengard
- Arctic Research Centre (ARCUM), Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan C. Semenza
- Office of the Chief Scientist, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Ogden
- Zoonoses Division Centre for Food-borne, Environmental & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Malene L. Børresen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Staten Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jim Berner
- Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Michael Brubaker
- Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bacteriology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - David M. Hondula
- School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bettina Menne
- Global Change and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Pshenichnaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Tricia Larose
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Boris Revich
- Institute of Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Karsten Hueffer
- Department of Biology & Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Ann Albihn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinarian Public Health, University of Agricultural Sciences and National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Gaina C, Medvedev S, Torsvik TH, Koulakov I, Werner SC. 4D Arctic: A Glimpse into the Structure and Evolution of the Arctic in the Light of New Geophysical Maps, Plate Tectonics and Tomographic Models. Surv Geophys 2013; 35:1095-1122. [PMID: 26069354 PMCID: PMC4456077 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-013-9254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the Arctic tectonic structure has changed in the last decade as a large number of new datasets have been collected and systematized. Here, we review the most updated, publicly available Circum-Arctic digital compilations of magnetic and gravity data together with new models of the Arctic's crust. Available tomographic models have also been scrutinized and evaluated for their potential to reveal the deeper structure of the Arctic region. Although the age and opening mechanisms of the Amerasia Basin are still difficult to establish in detail, interpreted subducted slabs that reside in the High Arctic's lower mantle point to one or two episodes of subduction that consumed crust of possibly Late Cretaceous-Jurassic age. The origin of major igneous activity during the Cretaceous in the central Arctic (the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge) and in the proximity of rifted margins (the so-called High Arctic Large Igneous Province-HALIP) is still debated. Models of global plate circuits and the connection with the deep mantle are used here to re-evaluate a possible link between Arctic volcanism and mantle plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gaina
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond H. Torsvik
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Geosciences, University of Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Ivan Koulakov
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stephanie C. Werner
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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