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Göbel S, Kazemi O, Ma J, Jordan I, Sandig V, Paulissen J, Kerstens W, Thibaut HJ, Reichl U, Dallmeier K, Genzel Y. Parallel Multifactorial Process Optimization and Intensification for High-Yield Production of Live YF17D-Vectored Zika Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:755. [PMID: 39066393 PMCID: PMC11281342 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D strain is a potent vaccine and viral vector. Its manufacture is based on embryonated chicken eggs or adherent Vero cells. Both processes are unsuitable for rapid and scalable supply. Here, we introduce a high-throughput workflow to identify suspension cells that are fit for the high-yield production of live YF17D-based vaccines in an intensified upstream process. The use of an automated parallel ambr15 microbioreactor system for screening and process optimization has led to the identification of two promising cell lines (AGE1.CR.pIX and HEKDyn) and the establishment of optimized production conditions, which have resulted in a >100-fold increase in virus titers compared to the current state of the art using adherent Vero cells. The process can readily be scaled up from the microbioreactor scale (15 mL) to 1 L stirred tank bioreactors. The viruses produced are genetically stable and maintain their favorable safety and immunogenicity profile, as demonstrated by the absence of neurovirulence in suckling BALB/c mice and consistent seroprotection in AG129 mice. In conclusion, the presented workflow allows for the rapid establishment of a robust, scalable, and high-yield process for the production of live-attenuated orthoflavivirus vaccines, which outperforms current standards. The approach described here can serve as a model for the development of scalable processes and the optimization of yields for other virus-based vaccines that face challenges in meeting growing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Ozeir Kazemi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), 3000 Leuven, Belgium (K.D.)
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), 3000 Leuven, Belgium (K.D.)
| | | | | | - Jasmine Paulissen
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Winnie Kerstens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.G.)
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), 3000 Leuven, Belgium (K.D.)
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.G.)
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2
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Murray J, Todd KV, Bakre A, Orr-Burks N, Jones L, Wu W, Tripp RA. A universal mammalian vaccine cell line substrate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188333. [PMID: 29176782 PMCID: PMC5703543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens for poliovirus, influenza A virus and rotavirus, we validated the top 6 gene hits PV, RV or IAV to search for host genes that when knocked-down (KD) enhanced virus permissiveness and replication over wild type Vero cells or HEp-2 cells. The enhanced virus replication was tested for 12 viruses and ranged from 2-fold to >1000-fold. There were variations in virus-specific replication (strain differences) across the cell lines examined. Some host genes (CNTD2, COQ9, GCGR, NDUFA9, NEU2, PYCR1, SEC16G, SVOPL, ZFYVE9, and ZNF205) showed that KD resulted in enhanced virus replication. These findings advance platform-enabling vaccine technology, the creation of diagnostic cells substrates, and are informative about the host mechanisms that affect virus replication in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Kyle V. Todd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Nichole Orr-Burks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Les Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Weilin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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3
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Sirinonthanawech N, Surichan S, Namsai A, Puthavathana P, Auewarakul P, Kongchanagul A. Titration of individual strains in trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine without neutralization. J Virol Methods 2016; 237:154-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Shittu I, Zhu Z, Lu Y, Hutcheson JM, Stice SL, West FD, Donadeu M, Dungu B, Fadly AM, Zavala G, Ferguson-Noel N, Afonso CL. Development, characterization and optimization of a new suspension chicken-induced pluripotent cell line for the production of Newcastle disease vaccine. Biologicals 2015; 44:24-32. [PMID: 26586283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, substrates for production of viral poultry vaccines have been embryonated eggs or adherent primary cell cultures. The difficulties and cost involved in scaling up these substrates in cases of increased demand have been a limitation for vaccine production. Here, we assess the ability of a newly developed chicken-induced pluripotent cell line, BA3, to support replication and growth of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vaccine strain. The characteristics and growth profile of the cells were also investigated. BA3 cells could grow in suspension in different media to a high density of up to 7.0 × 10(6) cells/mL and showed rapid proliferation with doubling time of 21 h. Upon infection, a high virus titer of 1.02 × 10(8) EID50/mL was obtained at 24 h post infection using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5. In addition, the cell line was shown to be free of endogenous and exogenous Avian Leukosis viruses, Reticuloendotheliosis virus, Fowl Adenovirus, Marek's disease virus, and several Mycoplasma species. In conclusion, BA3 cell line is potentially an excellent candidate for vaccine production due to its highly desirable industrially friendly characteristics of growing to high cell density and capability of growth in serum free medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Shittu
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Ziying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jessica M Hutcheson
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Aly M Fadly
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 4279 East Mount Hope Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Guillermo Zavala
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Naola Ferguson-Noel
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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5
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Frensing T. Defective interfering viruses and their impact on vaccines and viral vectors. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:681-9. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Trabelsi K, Majoul S, Rourou S, Kallel H. Process intensification for an enhanced replication of a newly adapted RM-65 sheep pox virus strain in Vero cells grown in stirred bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Genzel Y, Reichl U. Continuous cell lines as a production system for influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:1681-92. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Perdue ML, Arnold F, Li S, Donabedian A, Cioce V, Warf T, Huebner R. The future of cell culture-based influenza vaccine production. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1183-94. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Emma P, Kamen A. Real-time monitoring of influenza virus production kinetics in HEK293 cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 29:275-84. [PMID: 22848016 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased interest from the vaccine industry to use mammalian cell cultures for influenza vaccine manufacturing. Therefore, it became important to study the influenza infection mechanism, the viral-host interaction, and the replication kinetics from a bioprocessing stand point to maximize the influenza viral production yield in cell culture. In the present work, influenza replication kinetics was studied in HEK293 cells. Two infection conditions were evaluated, a low (0.01) and a high multiplicity of infection (1.0). Critical time points of the viral production cycle (infection, protein synthesis, viral assembly and budding, viral release, and host-cell death) were identified in small-scale cell cultures. Additionally, cell growth, viability, and viral titers were monitored in the viral production process. The infection state of the cultivated cell population was assessed by influenza immunolabeling throughout the culture period. Influenza virus production kinetics were also on-line monitored by dielectric spectroscopy and successfully correlated to real-time capacitance measures. Overall, this work provided insights into the mechanisms associated with the infection of human HEK293 cell line by the influenza virus and demonstrated, once again, the usefulness of multifrequency scanning permittivity for in-line monitoring and supervision of cell-based viral production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petiot Emma
- National Research Council, Bioprocessing and Manufacturing, Vaccine Program, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Lohr V, Genzel Y, Jordan I, Katinger D, Mahr S, Sandig V, Reichl U. Live attenuated influenza viruses produced in a suspension process with avian AGE1.CR.pIX cells. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:79. [PMID: 23110398 PMCID: PMC3505166 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current influenza vaccines are trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated split or subunit vaccines administered intramuscularly, or live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) adapted to replicate at temperatures below body temperature and administered intranasally. Both vaccines are considered safe and efficient, but due to differences in specific properties may complement each other to ensure reliable vaccine coverage. By now, licensed LAIV are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. In the near future influenza vaccines for human use will also be available from adherent MDCK or Vero cell cultures, but a scalable suspension process may facilitate production and supply with vaccines. RESULTS We evaluated the production of cold-adapted human influenza virus strains in the duck suspension cell line AGE1.CR.pIX using a chemically-defined medium. One cold-adapted A (H1N1) and one cold-adapted B virus strain was tested, as well as the reference strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). It is shown that a medium exchange is not required for infection and that maximum virus titers are obtained for 1 × 10⁻⁶ trypsin units per cell. 1 L bioreactor cultivations showed that 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL can be infected without a cell density effect achieving titers of 1 × 10⁸ virions/mL after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that AGE1.CR.pIX cells support replication of LAIV strains in a chemically-defined medium using a simple process without medium exchanges. Moreover, the process is fast with peak titers obtained 24 h post infection and easily scalable to industrial volumes as neither microcarriers nor medium replacements are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lohr
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Jordan
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestr. 54, 13086, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Katinger
- Polymun Scientific GmbH, Donaustr. 99, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Mahr
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- University for Applied Sciences, Robert-Gerwig-Platz 1, 78120, Furtwangen, Germany
| | | | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Trabelsi K, Majoul S, Rourou S, Kallel H. Development of a measles vaccine production process in MRC-5 cells grown on Cytodex1 microcarriers and in a stirred bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1031-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Adaptation of a Madin–Darby canine kidney cell line to suspension growth in serum-free media and comparison of its ability to produce avian influenza virus to Vero and BHK21 cell lines. J Virol Methods 2011; 171:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Genzel Y, Dietzsch C, Rapp E, Schwarzer J, Reichl U. MDCK and Vero cells for influenza virus vaccine production: a one-to-one comparison up to lab-scale bioreactor cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:461-75. [PMID: 20617311 PMCID: PMC7080112 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, adherent MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney) and Vero cells have attracted considerable attention for production of cell culture-derived influenza vaccines. While numerous publications deal with the design and the optimization of corresponding upstream processes, one-to-one comparisons of these cell lines under comparable cultivation conditions have largely been neglected. Therefore, a direct comparison of influenza virus production with adherent MDCK and Vero cells in T-flasks, roller bottles, and lab-scale bioreactors was performed in this study. First, virus seeds had to be adapted to Vero cells by multiple passages. Glycan analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein showed that for influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1, three passages were sufficient to achieve a stable new N-glycan fingerprint, higher yields, and a faster increase to maximum HA titers. Compared to MDCK cells, virus production in serum-free medium with Vero cells was highly sensitive to trypsin concentration. Virus stability at 37 degrees C for different virus strains showed differences depending on medium, virus strain, and cell line. After careful adjustment of corresponding parameters, comparable productivity was obtained with both host cell lines in small-scale cultivation systems. However, using these cultivation conditions in lab-scale bioreactors (stirred tank, wave bioreactor) resulted in lower productivities for Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
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14
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Hartgroves L, Koudstaal W, McLeod C, Moncorgé O, Thompson C, Ellis J, Bull C, Havenga M, Goudsmit J, Barclay W. Rapid generation of a well-matched vaccine seed from a modern influenza A virus primary isolate without recourse to eggs. Vaccine 2010; 28:2973-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Hussain AI, Cordeiro M, Sevilla E, Liu J. Comparison of egg and high yielding MDCK cell-derived live attenuated influenza virus for commercial production of trivalent influenza vaccine: in vitro cell susceptibility and influenza virus replication kinetics in permissive and semi-permissive cells. Vaccine 2010; 28:3848-55. [PMID: 20307595 PMCID: PMC7172923 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently MedImmune manufactures cold-adapted (ca) live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) from specific-pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs. Difficulties in production scale-up and potential exposure of chicken flocks to avian influenza viruses especially in the event of a pandemic influenza outbreak have prompted evaluation and development of alternative non-egg based influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies. As part of MedImmune's effort to develop the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) using cell culture production technologies we have investigated the use of high yielding, cloned MDCK cells as a substrate for vaccine production by assessing host range and virus replication of influenza virus produced from both SPF egg and MDCK cell production technologies. In addition to cloned MDCK cells the indicator cell lines used to evaluate the impact of producing LAIV in cells on host range and replication included two human cell lines: human lung carcinoma (A549) cells and human muco-epidermoid bronchiolar carcinoma (NCI H292) cells. The influenza viruses used to infect the indicators cell lines represented both the egg and cell culture manufacturing processes and included virus strains that composed the 2006–2007 influenza seasonal trivalent vaccine (A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Wisconsin/67/05 (H3N2) and B/Malaysia/2506/04). Results from this study demonstrate remarkable similarity between influenza viruses representing the current commercial egg produced and developmental MDCK cell produced vaccine production platforms. MedImmune's high yielding cloned MDCK cells used for the cell culture based vaccine production were highly permissive to both egg and cell produced ca attenuated influenza viruses. Both the A549 and NCI H292 cells regardless of production system were less permissive to influenza A and B viruses than the MDCK cells. Irrespective of the indicator cell line used the replication properties were similar between egg and the cell produced influenza viruses. Based on these study results we conclude that the MDCK cell produced and egg produced vaccine strains are highly comparable.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chickens
- Dogs
- Eggs/virology
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Vaccines, Attenuated/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Althaf I Hussain
- Cell Culture Process Development, MedImmune, LLC 3055 Patrick Henry Dr., Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA.
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Souza MCO, Freire MS, Schulze EA, Gaspar LP, Castilho LR. Production of yellow fever virus in microcarrier-based Vero cell cultures. Vaccine 2009; 27:6420-3. [PMID: 19559120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the propagation of the 17DD yellow fever virus in Vero cells grown on Cytodex-1 microcarriers was evaluated. After verifying that upon infection the virus adsorption step could be performed under continuous agitation, experiments were carried out in spinners and sparged lab-scale stirred-tank bioreactor to evaluate the use of a commercial serum-free medium (VP-SFM) and to investigate the effects of multiplicity of infection (MOI) and time of infection (TOI) on virus production. Virus titers as high as 8.4 x 10(8)pfu/mL were obtained upon infection with MOI of 0.02 and TOI of 3 days, using the serum-free medium in the sparged bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cristina O Souza
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bio-Manguinhos, Viral Vaccine Program, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
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17
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Hughes K, Zachertowska A, Wan S, Li L, Klimaszewski D, Euloth M, Hatchette TF. Yield increases in intact influenza vaccine virus from chicken allantoic fluid through isolation from insoluble allantoic debris. Vaccine 2007; 25:4456-63. [PMID: 17418461 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A yield enhancement technology for use in influenza vaccine manufacturing has been developed to maximize the recovery of influenza virus from allantoic fluid of virus-infected chick embryos; the standard raw material for influenza vaccine. Virus associated with amorphous debris in the allantoic fluid can be dissociated from the debris and recovered, thereby increasing viral yield. Dissociation can be achieved by subjecting the virus-debris complex to conditions of increased ionic strength at defined pH. Multifold increases in viral yield per ml of allantoic fluid were observed. The degree of yield enhancement is strain-specific, however, increases were observed in all type A and type B influenza strains tested. The heightened influenza virus recoveries can facilitate rapid vaccine manufacture, with increased numbers of doses produced, and may become essential at a time of influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hughes
- Microbix Biosystems Inc., 341 Bering Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Genzel Y, Olmer RM, Schäfer B, Reichl U. Wave microcarrier cultivation of MDCK cells for influenza virus production in serum containing and serum-free media. Vaccine 2006; 24:6074-87. [PMID: 16781022 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A process for equine influenza virus vaccine production using a microcarrier system (Cytodex 1) in a 2 L Wave bioreactor is described. Growth of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in serum containing GMEM medium (SC) is compared to growth in serum-free Ex-Cell MDCK medium (SF) without washing steps and medium exchange before infection. Cultivations with microcarrier concentrations of 2 and 4 g/L for both media are shown. Metabolic data from carbon and amino acid metabolism are discussed. Additionally, in roller bottle experiments the influence of multiplicity of infection (moi) and trypsin concentration on the HA value was investigated. Analysis of HA and TCID(50) at 37 degrees C showed a stable HA of maximum 2.6 log HA/100 microL for 2 weeks. Peak TCID(50) titers of 10(7.7) viruses/mL were achieved 20h post infection, but infectivity was below detection limit after 150 h. Cell attachment onto microcarriers under serum-free conditions was improved by Ca(2+) addition and by cell harvesting without trypsin using only an EDTA/PBS solution. For the wave cultivation maximum virus titers of 2.3-2.6 log HA units/100 microL were reached from infection with a moi of 0.05. However, in SF medium pH dropped to less than pH 6.8 which resulted in lower HA titers of 1.7 log HA units/100 microL. For the higher microcarrier concentration (4 g/L) medium exchange steps (500 mL) were needed for both media. Omission of the washing step and medium exchange before infection in SF medium clearly simplified the influenza production process; however, for higher virus yields a better pH control of the wave bioreactor would be required. Higher cell densities (2.8 x 10(6) cells/mL for 2 g/L microcarrier) and better attachment compared to stirred tank bioreactors showed, that the wave bioreactor is a good alternative to stirred tank processes for expanding production capacities in case of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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