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Velavan V, Dhanapal R, Ramkumar G, Karthi S, Senthil-Nathan S, Ndomba OA, Kweka EJ. Characterization and Evaluation of Metarhizium spp. (Metsch.) Sorokin Isolates for Their Temperature Tolerance. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:68. [PMID: 35050008 PMCID: PMC8780002 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A field survey was done in teak (Tectona grandis F.) forests in South India to explore the entomopathogenic effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Sordariomycetes) against teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). About 300 soils and infected insect samples were collected during the survey and thirty-six fungal isolates were isolated from soil and insect samples and characterized. The fungi were cultured on PDAY with dodine and antibiotics. Generally, the EPF culture was incubated at 27 °C in darkness for 15 days. Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi (EPF) ability to germinate under cold and heat temperatures was assessed in a culture impregnated with conidia. In the experiment, it was found that for the first time Metarhizium quizhouense, Metarhizium robertsii, and Metarhizium majus species caused significantly higher mortality to hosts. These isolates of M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. majus, and M. quizhouense were all considered to be effective virulent and environmentally adaptive. The Metarhizium isolates were recommended as effective bio-control agents through the field investigation of teak defoliator Hyblaea puera from South India forest. This study paves the way to utilize the indigenous isolates of EPF for the control of teak defoliator and to combat the pests thatare resistant to insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswakethu Velavan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560024, India
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Rajendran Dhanapal
- Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Ranipet 632506, India
- Department of Entomology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Division of Bio pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India; (G.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Division of Bio pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India; (G.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Division of Bio pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India; (G.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Osmund A. Ndomba
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha 23xxx, Tanzania; (O.A.N.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Eliningaya J. Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha 23xxx, Tanzania; (O.A.N.); (E.J.K.)
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza 33xxx, Tanzania
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Jeyarani S, Rabindra RJ, Sathiah N, Karuppachamy P, Subramanian S. Efficacy of spiracular infection of Helicoverpa armigera with its nucleopolyhedrovirus and its role in virus production. J Virol Methods 2007; 142:213-7. [PMID: 17316835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are important microbial control agents of insects, with per os mode of infectivity. However, recently the spiracular infection of this virus group was suggested as an optimum method for virus production in grown up larvae. In this regard, a detailed evaluation of the spiracular infection with intact polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB), alkali liberated virions and alkali liberated filtered virions of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) nucleopolyhedrovirus at 1 x 10(8), 1 x 10(7) and 2 x 10(6)PIB/ml concentrations was undertaken and compared with the standard diet surface treatment method. All the spiracle treatments resulted in larval death due to virus infection with alkali liberated virions causing higher mortality of larvae than alkali liberated filtered virions and intact PIB. Diet surface treatment method resulted in very high mortality as compared to spiracle treatment and among the different inoculum tested the intact PIB resulted in higher larval mortality. The PIB yield/larva in spiracle treatment was comparable with the diet surface treatment method, but due to very low larval mortality it resulted in low virus yield/100 inoculated larvae. Diet surface treatment with 5 x 10(7)PIB/ml concentration of virus resulted in the maximum yield of PIB/100 inoculated larvae. Low mortality, higher labour requirement and low amenability for mechanization for spiracle treatment method make it unviable for mass production of the virus in large scale compared to the standard diet surface treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeyarani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
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