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Boonyakida J, Khoris IM, Nasrin F, Park EY. Improvement of Modular Protein Display Efficiency in SpyTag-Implemented Norovirus-like Particles. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:308-318. [PMID: 36475654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic fusion and chemical conjugation are the most common approaches for displaying a foreign protein on the surface of virus-like particles (VLPs); however, these methods may negatively affect the formation and stability of VLPs. Here, we aimed to develop a modular display platform for protein decoration on norovirus-like particles (NoV-LPs) by combining the NoV-LP scaffold with the SpyTag/SpyCatcher bioconjugation system, as the NoV-LP is an attractive protein nanoparticle to carry foreign proteins for various applications. The SpyTagged-NoV-LPs were prepared by introducing SpyTag peptide into the C-terminus of the norovirus VP1 protein. To increase surface exposure of the SpyTag peptide on the NoV-LPs, two or three repeated extension linkers (EAAAK) were inserted between the SpyTag peptide and VP1 protein. Fluorescence proteins, EGFP and mCherry, were fused to SpyCatcher and employed as SpyTag conjugation partners. These VP1-SpyTag variants and SpyCatcher-fused EGFP and mCherry were separately expressed in silkworm fat bodies and purified. This study reveals that adding an extension linker did not disrupt the VLP formation; instead, it increased the particle size by 4-6 nm. The conjugation efficiency of the VP1-SpyTag variants with the extended linker improved from ∼15-35 to ∼50-63% based on the densitometric analysis, while it was up to 77% based on an optical quantification of EGFP and mCherry. Results indicate that the linker causes the SpyTag peptides to be positioned further away from the C-termini of VP1 and potentially increases the exposure of the SpyTag to the outer surface of the NoV-LPs, allowing more SpyTag/SpyCatcher complex formation on the VLP surface. Our study provides a strategy for enhancing the conjugation efficiency of NoV-LP and demonstrates the platform's utility for developing vaccines or functional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Boonyakida
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| | - Indra Memdi Khoris
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| | - Fahmida Nasrin
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
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Pazmiño-Ibarra V, Mengual-Martí A, Targovnik AM, Herrero S. Improvement of baculovirus as protein expression vector and as biopesticide by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2823-2833. [PMID: 31403180 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system-associated Cas9 endonuclease is a molecular tool that enables specific sequence editing with high efficiency. In this study, we have explored the use of CRISPR/Cas9 system for the engineering of baculovirus. We have shown that the delivering of Cas9-single guide RNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with or without DNA repair template into Sf21 insect cells through lipofection might be efficient to produce knockouts as well as knock-ins into the baculovirus. To evaluate potential application of our CRISPR/Cas9 method to improve baculovirus as protein expression vector and as biopesticide, we attempted to knockout several genes from a recombinant AcMNPV form used in the baculovirus expression system as well as in a natural occurring viral isolate from the same virus. We have additionally confirmed the adaptation of this methodology for the generation of viral knock-ins in specific regions of the viral genome. Analysis of the generated mutants revealed that the editing efficiency and the type of changes was variable but relatively high. Depending on the targeted gene, the editing rate ranged from 10% to 40%. This study established the first report revealing the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing in baculovirus, contributing to the engineering of baculovirus as a protein expression vector as well as a biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pazmiño-Ibarra
- Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrià Mengual-Martí
- Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Marisa Targovnik
- Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Engineering of the baculovirus expression system for optimized protein production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:113-123. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Miyazaki T, Ishizaki M, Dohra H, Park S, Terzic A, Kato T, Kohsaka T, Park EY. Insulin-like peptide 3 expressed in the silkworm possesses intrinsic disulfide bonds and full biological activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17339. [PMID: 29229959 PMCID: PMC5725452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a member of the relaxin/insulin superfamily and is expressed in testicular Leydig cells. Essential for fetal testis descent, INSL3 has been implicated in testicular and sperm function in adult males via interaction with relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2). The INSL3 is typically prepared using chemical synthesis or overexpression in Escherichia coli followed by oxidative refolding and proteolysis. Here, we expressed and purified full-length porcine INSL3 (pINSL3) using a silkworm-based Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid expression system. Biophysical measurements and proteomic analysis revealed that this recombinant pINSL3 exhibited the correct conformation, with the three critical disulfide bonds observed in native pINSL3, although partial cleavage occurred. In cAMP stimulation assays using RXFP2-expressing HEK293 cells, the recombinant pINSL3 possessed full biological activity. This is the first report concerning the production of fully active pINSL3 without post-expression treatments and provides an efficient production platform for expressing relaxin/insulin superfamily peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ishizaki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kohsaka
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Imai A, Tadokoro T, Kita S, Horiuchi M, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K. Establishment of the BacMam system using silkworm baculovirus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:580-5. [PMID: 27480929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The BacMam system uses modified insect viruses (baculoviruses) as vehicles to efficiently deliver genes for expression in mammalian cells. The technique can be widely applied to large-scale recombinant protein production with appropriate modifications, high-throughput screening platforms for cell-based assays, and the delivery of large genes. The silkworm system is often employed as a rapid and cost-effective approach for recombinant baculovirus generation. Here we have developed the novel BacMam system using silkworm baculovirus, and shown the successful expression of EGFP in mammalian cells. The transduction to mammalian cells via the BacMam system was improved by adding phosphate-buffered saline and sodium butyrate to the culture medium and lowering the temperature after viral infection. This study provides an alternative gene delivery system for mammalian cells, which has various potential applications, including efficient native protein production and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsutoshi Imai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Tadokoro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masataka Horiuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Ali MP, Kato T, Park EY. Improved insecticidal activity of a recombinant baculovirus expressing spider venom cyto-insectotoxin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10261-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yagi H, Nakamura M, Yokoyama J, Zhang Y, Yamaguchi T, Kondo S, Kobayashi J, Kato T, Park EY, Nakazawa S, Hashii N, Kawasaki N, Kato K. Stable isotope labeling of glycoprotein expressed in silkworms using immunoglobulin G as a test molecule. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 62:157-167. [PMID: 25902760 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silkworms serve as promising bioreactors for the production of recombinant proteins, including glycoproteins and membrane proteins, for structural and functional protein analyses. However, lack of methodology for stable isotope labeling has been a major deterrent to using this expression system for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural biology. Here we developed a metabolic isotope labeling technique using commercially available silkworm larvae. The fifth instar larvae were infected with baculoviruses for co-expression of recombinant human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a test molecule, with calnexin as a chaperone. They were subsequently reared on an artificial diet containing (15)N-labeled yeast crude protein extract. We harvested 0.1 mg of IgG from larva with a (15)N-enrichment ratio of approximately 80%. This allowed us to compare NMR spectral data of the Fc fragment cleaved from the silkworm-produced IgG with those of an authentic Fc glycoprotein derived from mammalian cells. Therefore, we successfully demonstrated that our method enables production of isotopically labeled glycoproteins for NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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Park S, Hwang IW, Makishima Y, Perales-Clemente E, Kato T, Niederländer NJ, Park EY, Terzic A. Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex sequesters polymerization and restrains catalytic function of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:679-88. [PMID: 24277613 PMCID: PMC4283044 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is an isoform of ACC functioning as a negative regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation. Spot14, a thyroid hormone responsive protein, and Mig12, a Spot14 paralog, have recently been identified as regulators of fatty acid synthesis targeting ACC1, a distinctive subtype of ACC. Here, we examined whether Spot14/Mig12 modulates ACC2. Nanoscale protein topography mapped putative protein-protein interactions between purified human Spot14/Mig12 and ACC2, validated by functional assays. Human ACC2 displayed consistent enzymatic activity, and homogeneous particle distribution was probed by atomic force microscopy. Citrate-induced polymerization and enzymatic activity of ACC2 were restrained by the addition of the recombinant Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex but only partially by the oligo-heterocomplex, demonstrating that the heterocomplex is a designated metabolic inhibitor of human ACC2. Moreover, Spot14/Mig12 demonstrated a sequestering role preventing an initial ACC2 nucleation step during filamentous polymer formation. Thus, the Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex controls human ACC2 polymerization and catalytic function, emerging as a previously unrecognized molecular regulator in catalytic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjo Park
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 expressed in silkworm Bombyx mori exhibits posttranslational biotinylation and phosphorylation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8201-9. [PMID: 24740690 PMCID: PMC4163189 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-dependent human acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) are integral in homeostatic lipid metabolism. By securing posttranslational biotinylation, ACCs perform coordinated catalytic functions allosterically regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and citrate. The production of authentic recombinant ACCs is heeded to provide a reliable tool for molecular studies and drug discovery. Here, we examined whether the human ACC2 (hACC2), an isoform of ACC produced using the silkworm BmNPV bacmid system, is equipped with proper posttranslational modifications to carry out catalytic functions as the silkworm harbors an inherent posttranslational modification machinery. Purified hACC2 possessed genuine biotinylation capacity probed by biotin-specific streptavidin and biotin antibodies. In addition, phosphorylated hACC2 displayed limited catalytic activity whereas dephosphorylated hACC2 revealed an enhanced enzymatic activity. Moreover, hACC2 polymerization, analyzed by native page gel analysis and atomic force microscopy imaging, was allosterically regulated by citrate and the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation modulated citrate-induced hACC2 polymerization process. Thus, the silkworm BmNPV bacmid system provides a reliable eukaryotic protein production platform for structural and functional analysis and therapeutic drug discovery applications implementing suitable posttranslational biotinylation and phosphorylation.
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Expression and purification of cyto-insectotoxin (Cit1a) using silkworm larvae targeting for an antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6973-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Deo VK, Yoshimatsu K, Otsuki T, Dong J, Kato T, Park EY. Display of Neospora caninum surface protein related sequence 2 on Rous sarcoma virus-derived gag protein virus-like particles. J Biotechnol 2013; 165:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Palaniyandi M, Kato T, Park EY. Expression of human papillomavirus 6b L1 protein in silkworm larvae and enhanced green fluorescent protein displaying on its virus-like particles. SPRINGERPLUS 2012; 1:29. [PMID: 23961359 PMCID: PMC3725899 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-1-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 6b L1 capsid protein was expressed using the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid expression system in silkworm larvae. Two constructs, full-length L1 (500 a.a) and C-terminal-deleted short L1 (479 a.a), and three PCR-manipulated antigenic loops at amino acids 55–56, 174–175, and 348–349 regions were incorporated with whole enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Expressed in full, short L1 proteins and variants were purified in heparin affinity column chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. The presence of self-assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) and EGFP incorporation on the surface of VLPs were confirmed by the observation of transmission electron and immunoelectron microscopies, respectively. HPV 6b L1 major capsid protein was successfully expressed in silkworm, and effective manipulation on the antigenic regions showed the path to versatile vaccine development based on HPV L1-VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukutty Palaniyandi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
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Kato T, Suzuki F, Park EY. Display of the human (pro)renin receptor on Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) particles using Bm cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:564-9. [PMID: 22762973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) was displayed on the surface of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) with and without fusion to glycoprotein 64 (GP64) of the BmNPV. hPRR1 is a native hPRR with an additional FLAG peptide sequence inserted between the signal peptide and prorenin-binding domain. hPRR2 has the prorenin-binding domain inserted between amino acid residues (81)Asp and (82)Pro of GP64. hPRR4 has the prorenin-binding domain inserted in (81)Asp and (320)Met of partially deleted GP64. Incorporation of hPRR was confirmed in recombinant BmNPV (rBmNPV) but not in cysteine protease-deleted rBmNPV. hPRR1 was observed in ER, but hPRR2 and hPRR4 were observed around the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in its periphery. rBmNPV-hPRR1 and -hPRR2, carrying hPRR1 and hPRR2 respectively, showed binding affinity to human renin, but rBmNPV-hPRR4 did not. The presence of hPRR4 of rBmNPV-hPRR4 was confirmed in western blotting under nonreducing conditions, suggesting that although hPRR4 was incorporated in rBmNPV-hPRR4, it behaved as a non-functional aggregate. This rBmNPV display system can also be used for analyzing a ligand-receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Li SF, Wang HL, Hu ZH, Deng F. Genetic modification of baculovirus expression vectors. Virol Sin 2012; 27:71-82. [PMID: 22491998 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a protein expression vector, the baculovirus demonstrates many advantages over other vectors. With the development of biotechnology, baculoviral vectors have been genetically modified to facilitate high level expression of heterologous proteins in both insect and mammalian cells. These modifications include utilization of different promoters and signal peptides, deletion or replacement of viral genes for increasing protein secretion, integration of polycistronic expression cassette for producing protein complexes, and baculovirus pseudotyping, promoter accommodation or surface display for enhancing mammalian cell targeting gene delivery. This review summarizes the development and the current state of art of the baculovirus expression system. Further development of baculovirus expression systems will make them even more feasible and accessible for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-fen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Joint-Lab of Invertebrate Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Tsuji Y, Deo VK, Kato T, Park EY. Production of Rous sarcoma virus-like particles displaying human transmembrane protein in silkworm larvae and its application to ligand–receptor binding assay. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Manohar SL, Kanamasa S, Nishina T, Kato T, Park EY. Enhanced gene expression in insect cells and silkworm larva by modified polyhedrin promoter using repeated Burst sequence and very late transcriptional factor-1. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 107:909-16. [PMID: 20717974 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Burst of expression from polyhedrin (polh) promoter during very late phase of baculovirus infection requires a sequence located between TAAG and the translation initiation site, typically referred to as burst sequence (BS). The expression of polh promoter is stimulated by specifically binding of very late transcriptional factor 1 (VLF-1) to BS. In order to enhance the production of recombinant proteins the polh promoter was modified via a multiple BS bacmid system in which the number of BSs was increased. Compared to an expression from a normal polh promoter, β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in High Five insect cells was three times higher with a modified polh promoter containing two BSs. Using a modified polh promoter that contains nine BSs in silkworm expression system, β1-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (β3GnT2) activity per larva was 6.8-fold higher than control. Furthermore, the co-expression of modified promoters along with VLF-1-enhanced β3GnT activity. Thus, an increased optimal number of BS and its co-expression with VLF-1 leads to the production of higher level of gene expression in insect cells and silkworm larvae. This new modified promoter engineered in the current study is the strongest promoter for overexpressing foreign proteins in an eukaryotic cell and system, thus leading a progress in baculovirus-insect cell and silkworm biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthi Lavender Manohar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kato T, Kajikawa M, Maenaka K, Park EY. Silkworm expression system as a platform technology in life science. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 85:459-70. [PMID: 19830419 PMCID: PMC2802491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many recombinant proteins have been successfully produced in silkworm larvae or pupae and used for academic and industrial purposes. Several recombinant proteins produced by silkworms have already been commercialized. However, construction of a recombinant baculovirus containing a gene of interest requires tedious and troublesome steps and takes a long time (3-6 months). The recent development of a bacmid, Escherichia coli and Bombyx mori shuttle vector, has eliminated the conventional tedious procedures required to identify and isolate recombinant viruses. Several technical improvements, including a cysteine protease or chitinase deletion bacmid and chaperone-assisted expression and coexpression, have led to significantly increased protein yields and reduced costs for large-scale production. Terminal N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose residues were found in the N-glycan structures produced by silkworms, which are different from those generated by insect cells. Genomic elucidation of silkworm has opened a new chapter in utilization of silkworm. Transgenic silkworm technology provides a stable production of recombinant protein. Baculovirus surface display expression is one of the low-cost approaches toward silkworm larvae-derived recombinant subunit vaccines. The expression of pharmaceutically relevant proteins, including cell/viral surface proteins, membrane proteins, and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors, using silkworm larvae or cocoons has become very attractive. Silkworm biotechnology is an innovative and easy approach to achieve high protein expression levels and is a very promising platform technology in the field of life science. Like the "Silkroad," we expect that the "Bioroad" from Asia to Europe will be established by the silkworm expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Faculty of Agriculture, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
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Expression of protein complex comprising the human prorenin and (pro)renin receptor in silkworm larvae using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmids for improving biological function. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 43:154-61. [PMID: 19504237 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three forms of recombinant protein complexes comprising the human prorenin (hPro) and (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) (hPRR/prorenin) were successfully expressed in the silkworm larvae using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmids. They were localized in the fat body cells and formed a prorenin-bound hPRR complex. The expressed levels of hPro and hPRR were similar judging from Western blotting. The hPRR/prorenin complex containing 40 mug of hPRR (yield, 43%) and 30 mug of hPro (yield, 34%) was purified from 15 silkworm larvae by a series of purification using anti-FLAG and Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography. The renin activity of the purified hPRR/prorenin complex was 3.8-fold that of the mixture of hPRR and hPro expressed individually in vitro judging from the renin assay. These results show that the unstable transmembrane protein, hPRR, was coexpressed stably with ligand, hPro, and formed a stable protein, hPRR/prorenin complex that showed a high catalytic active form.
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Ogata M, Nakajima M, Kato T, Obara T, Yagi H, Kato K, Usui T, Park EY. Synthesis of sialoglycopolypeptide for potentially blocking influenza virus infection using a rat alpha2,6-sialyltransferase expressed in BmNPV bacmid-injected silkworm larvae. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:54. [PMID: 19500344 PMCID: PMC3224744 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialic acid is a deoxy uronic acid with a skeleton of nine carbons which is mostly found on cell surface in animals. This sialic acid on cell surface performs various biological functions by acting as a receptor for microorganisms, viruses, toxins, and hormones; by masking receptors; and by regulating the immune system. In order to synthesize an artificial sialoglycoprotein, we developed a large-scale production of rat α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1). The ST6Gal1 was expressed in fifth instar silkworm larval hemolymph using recombinant both cysteine protease- and chitinase-deficient Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV-CP--Chi-) bacmid. The expressed ST6Gal1 was purified, characterized and used for sialylation of asialoglycopolypeptide. We tested the inhibitory effect of the synthesized α2,6-sialoglycopolypeptide on hemagglutination by Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin. Results FLAG-tagged recombinant ST6Gal1 was expressed efficiently and purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate followed by affinity chromatography on an anti-FLAG M2 column, generating 2.2 mg purified fusion protein from only 11 silkworm larvae, with a recovery yield of 64%. The purified ST6Gal1 was characterized and its N-glycan patterns were found to be approximately paucimannosidic type by HPLC mapping method. Fluorescently-labelled N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) glycoside containing dansyl group was synthesized chemo-enzymatically as high-sensitivity acceptor substrate for ST6Gal1. The acceptor substrate specificity of the enzyme was similar to that of rat liver ST6Gal1. The fluorescent glycoside is useful as a substrate for a highly sensitive picomole assay of ST6Gal1. Asialoglycopolypeptide was regioselectively and quantitatively sialylated by catalytic reaction at the terminal Gal residue to obtain α2,6-sialoglycopolypeptide using ST6Gal1. The α2,6-sialoglycopolypeptide selectively inhibited hemagglutination induced by Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin, showing about 780-fold higher affinity than the control fetuin. Asialoglycopolypeptide and γ-polyglutamic acid did not affect SNA lectin-mediated hemagglutination. Conclusion The recombinant ST6Gal1 from a silkworm expression system is useful for the sialylation of asialoglycopeptide. The sialylated glycoprotein is a valuable tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of biological and physiological events, such as cell-cell recognition and viral entry during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ogata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Kajikawa M, Sasaki K, Wakimoto Y, Toyooka M, Motohashi T, Shimojima T, Takeda S, Park EY, Maenaka K. Efficient silkworm expression of human GPCR (nociceptin receptor) by a Bombyx mori bacmid DNA system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:375-9. [PMID: 19463790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently expressed by a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). We recently established a novel BEVS using the bacmid system of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), which is directly applicable for protein expression in silkworms. Here, we report the first example of GPCR expression in silkworms by the simple injection of BmNPV bacmid DNA. Human nociceptin receptor, an inhibitory GPCR, and its fusion protein with inhibitory G protein alpha subunit (G(i)alpha) were both successfully expressed in the fat bodies of silkworm larvae as well as in the BmNPV viral fraction. Its yield was much higher than that from Sf9 cells. The microsomal fractions including the nociceptin receptor fusion, which are easily prepared by only centrifugation steps, exhibited [35S]GTPgammaS-binding activity upon specific stimulation by nociceptin. Therefore, this rapid method is easy-to-use and has a high expression level, and thus will be an important tool for human GPCR production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kajikawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Nakajima M, Kato T, Kanamasa S, Park EY. Molecular chaperone-assisted production of human alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in silkworm larvae using recombinant BmNPV bacmids. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 43:67-75. [PMID: 19418270 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, human alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (alpha4GnT) fused with GFP(uv) (GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT) was expressed using both a transformed cell system and silkworm larvae. A Tn-pXgp-GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT cell line, isolated after expression vector transfection, produced 106 mU/ml of alpha4GnT activity in suspension culture. When Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus containing a GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT fusion gene (BmNPV-CP (-)/GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT) bacmid was injected into silkworm larvae, alpha4GnT activity in larval hemolymph was 352 mU/ml, which was 3.3-fold higher than that of the Tn-pXgp-GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT cell line. With human calnexin (CNX) or human immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP, GRP78) coexpressed under the control of the ie-2 promoter, alpha4GnT activity in larval hemolymph increased by 1.4-2.0-fold. Moreover, when BmNPV-CP (-)/GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT bacmid injection was delayed for 3 h after BmNPV-CP (-)/CNX injection, the alpha4GnT activity increased significantly to 922 mU/ml, which was 8.7-fold higher than that of the Tn-pXgp-GFP(uv)-alpha4GnT cell line. Molecular chaperone assisted-expression in silkworm larvae using the BmNPV bacmid is a promising tool for recombinant protein production. This system could lead to large-scale production of more complex recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Ishikiriyama M, Nishina T, Kato T, Ueda H, Park EY. Human single-chain antibody expression in the hemolymph and fat body of silkworm larvae and pupae using BmNPV bacmids. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Park EY, Ishikiriyama M, Nishina T, Kato T, Yagi H, Kato K, Ueda H. Human IgG1 expression in silkworm larval hemolymph using BmNPV bacmids and its N-linked glycan structure. J Biotechnol 2008; 139:108-14. [PMID: 18984019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid expressing heavy and light chains of human 29IJ6 IgG was constructed and used to secrete recombinant antibody into silkworm larval hemolymph. Fifth instar silkworm larvae were reared and injected into the dorsum of the larvae with recombinant cysteine protease- and chitinase-deficient BmNPV (BmNPV-CP(-)-Chi(-)) bacmid/29IJ6 IgG and harvested after approximately 6 days. The total yield of recombinant 29IJ6 IgG was 36 microg/larvae, which is equivalent to 8 mg/kg of larvae. The recombinant antibody was purified to homogeneity using a HiTrap rProtein A FF column with a purification yield of 83.1%. The purified protein was identified by Western blot and ELISA experiments. The N-linked glycan structure of the purified protein was determined by the HPLC mapping method. The N-glycans of the 29IJ6 IgG glycoprotein produced in, and secreted by the silkworm larvae were composed exclusively of two kinds of paucimannose-type oligosaccharides, Manalpha1-6Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-6)GlcNAc and Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-3)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-6)GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Kato T, Park EY. Specific expression of GFPuv-β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 fusion protein in fat body of Bombyx mori silkworm larvae using signal peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359:543-8. [PMID: 17544364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bombyxin (bx) and prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppae) signal peptides from Bombyx mori, their modified signal peptides, and synthetic signal peptides were investigated for the secretion of GFP(uv)-beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GGT2) fusion protein in B. mori Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using cysteine protease deficient B. mori multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmMNPV-CP(-)) and its bacmid. The secretion efficiencies of all signal peptides were 15-30% in Bm5 cells and 24-30% in silkworm larvae, while that of the +16 signal peptide was 0% in Bm5 cells and 1% in silkworm larvae. The fusion protein that contained the +16 signal peptide was expressed specifically in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the fractions of cell precipitations. Ninety-four percent of total intracellular beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta3GnT) activity was detected in cell precipitations following the 600, 8000, and 114,000g centrifugations. In the case of the +38 signal peptide, 60% of total intracellular activity was detected in the supernatant from the 114,000g spin, and only 1% was found in the precipitate. Our results suggest that the +16 signal peptide might be situated in the transmembrane region and not cleaved by signal peptidase in silkworm or B. mori cells. Therefore, the fusion protein connected to the +16 signal peptide stayed in the fat body of silkworm larvae with biological function, and was not secreted extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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