1
|
Zheng N, Wang Y, Rong H, Wang K, Huang X. Human Adenovirus Associated Hepatic Injury. Front Public Health 2022; 10:878161. [PMID: 35570934 PMCID: PMC9095934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.878161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common virus, but the infections it causes are relatively uncommon. At the same time, the methods for the detection of HAdV are varied, among which viral culture is still the gold standard. HAdV infection is usually self-limited but can also cause clinically symptomatic in lots of organs and tissues, of which human adenovirus pneumonia is the most common. In contrast, human adenovirus hepatitis is rarely reported. However, HAdV hepatitis has a high fatality rate once it occurs, especially in immunocompromised patients. Although human adenovirus hepatitis has some pathological and imaging features, its clinical symptoms are not typical. Therefore, HAdV hepatitis is not easy to be found in the clinic. There are kinds of treatments to treat this disease, but few are absolutely effective. In view of the above reasons, HAdV hepatitis is a disease that is difficult to be found in time. We reviewed and summarized the previously reported cases, hoping to bring some relatively common characteristics to clinicians, so as to facilitate early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hechen Rong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atasheva S, Emerson CC, Yao J, Young C, Stewart PL, Shayakhmetov DM. Systemic cancer therapy with engineered adenovirus that evades innate immunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/571/eabc6659. [PMID: 33239388 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is a cancer treatment modality that has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with currently incurable malignancies. Although intravascular delivery of therapeutic viruses provides access to disseminated tumors, this delivery route exposes the virus to opsonizing and inactivating factors in the blood, which limit the effective therapeutic virus dose and contribute to activation of systemic toxicities. When human species C adenovirus HAdv-C5 is delivered intravenously, natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and coagulation factor X rapidly opsonize HAdv-C5, leading to virus sequestration in tissue macrophages and promoting infection of liver cells, triggering hepatotoxicity. Here, we showed that natural IgM antibody binds to the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the main HAdv-C5 capsid protein hexon. Using compound targeted mutagenesis of hexon HVR1 loop and other functional sites that mediate virus-host interactions, we engineered and obtained a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of an adenovirus vector, Ad5-3M, which resisted inactivation by blood factors, avoided sequestration in liver macrophages, and failed to trigger hepatotoxicity after intravenous delivery. Systemic delivery of Ad5-3M to mice with localized or disseminated lung cancer led to viral replication in tumor cells, suppression of tumor growth, and prolonged survival. Thus, compound targeted mutagenesis of functional sites in the virus capsid represents a generalizable approach to tailor virus interactions with the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system, enabling generation of "designer" viruses with improved therapeutic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Atasheva
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Corey C Emerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cedrick Young
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Phoebe L Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. .,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Center for Transplantation and Immune-mediated Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Discovery and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kasala D, Hong J, Yun CO. Overcoming the barriers to optimization of adenovirus delivery using biomaterials: Current status and future perspective. J Control Release 2021; 332:285-300. [PMID: 33626335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) is emerging as a promising modality for cancer gene therapy due to its ability to induce high level of therapeutic transgene expression with no risk of insertional mutagenesis, ability to be facilely produced at a high titer, and capacity to induce robust antitumor immune response. Despite these excellent attributes of human serotype 5 Ad, poor systemic administration capability, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent endocytic mechanism limiting potentially targetable cell types, nonspecific shedding to normal organs, and poor viral persistence in tumor tissues are major hindrances toward maximizing the therapeutic benefit of Ad in clinical setting. To address the abovementioned shortcomings, various non-immunogenic nanomaterials have been explored to modify Ad surface via physical or chemical interactions. In this review, we summarize the recent developments of different types of nanomaterials that had been utilized for modification of Ad and how tumor-targeted local and system delivery can be achieved with these nanocomplexes. Finally, we conclude by highlighting the key features of various nanomaterials-coated Ads and their prospects to optimize the delivery of virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- GeneMedicine Co., Ltd, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; GeneMedicine Co., Ltd, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan X, Liu S, Ju L, Xi J, He R, Zhao Y, Zhuang R, Huang J. Preparation, evaluation, and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of artesunate-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid decorated PEG-PLGA nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1889-1897. [PMID: 32975456 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1825475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to prepare the liver targeting drug delivery system (TDDS) of artesunate (ART)-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG)-poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified by glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), and evaluate its in vitro cytotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE The GA-PEG-PLGA-ART NPs enhanced the in vitro cytotoxicity on HCC cell lines. The development of GA-PEG-PLGA NPs will greatly push the clinical applications of ART as a novel anticancer drug. METHODS The NPs were prepared using solvent evaporation method, and the formulation was optimized through an orthogonal design. In addition, physical properties were determined, including particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), morphology, drug loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro drug release. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity of NPs with three human cancer cell lines viz. HepG2, Hep3B, and SMCC-7721 was conducted using the SRB assay. Additionally, lyophilization was conducted to improve the long-term physical stability. RESULTS The GA-PEG-PLGA-ART NPs have spherical shape, small particle size (around 88 nm) with a narrow size distribution (PDI < 0.3), high drug LC (up to 59.3 ± 1.65%), and high EE (up to 73.13 ± 5.17%). In vitro drug release behavior showed that drugs were released from NPs in a sustained and controlled release pattern. Cytotoxicity study indicated the NPs achieved lower cancer cell survival fraction. The GA-PEG-PLGA NPs freeze-dried with 3% (w/v) of mannitol showed better effect on long-term physical stability. CONCLUSION The GA-PEG-PLGA-ART NPs appear as a potential liver targeted intracellular delivery platform for ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Atasheva S, Yao J, Shayakhmetov DM. Innate immunity to adenovirus: lessons from mice. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3461-3483. [PMID: 31769012 PMCID: PMC6928416 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus is a highly evolutionary successful pathogen, as it is widely prevalent across the animal kingdom, infecting hosts ranging from lizards and frogs to dolphins, birds, and humans. Although natural adenovirus infections in humans rarely cause severe pathology, intravenous injection of high doses of adenovirus-based vectors triggers rapid activation of the innate immune system, leading to cytokine storm syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, and hepatotoxicity, which individually or in combination may cause morbidity and mortality. Much of the information on exactly how adenovirus activates the innate immune system has been gathered from mouse experimental systems. Intravenous administration of adenovirus to mice revealed mechanistic insights into cellular and molecular components of the innate immunity that detect adenovirus particles, activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine production, sequester adenovirus particles from the bloodstream, and eliminate adenovirus-infected cells. Collectively, this information greatly improved our understanding of mechanisms of activation of innate immunity to adenovirus and may pave the way for designing safer adenovirus-based vectors for therapy of genetic and acquired human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Atasheva
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Children’s Center for Transplantation and Immuno-mediated Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeted delivery of puerarin/glycyrrhetinic acid-PEG-PBLA complex attenuated liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Ther Deliv 2018. [PMID: 29540127 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To synthesize a puerarin nanoparticle based on glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-PEG-PBLA and evaluate it in vivo. Materials & methods: In this study, drug nanoparticle was synthesized, characterized and assessed as puerarin delivery system. Nanoparticle GA-PEG-PBLA could combine with puerarin via hydrophobic interaction to form the compound. Puerarin could be quickly and efficiently loaded via the nanoparticle GA-PEG-PBLA at pH 7.4. Further, GA-PEG-PBLA-mediated puerarin delivery system could target for the liver that had GA receptor binding. The antiliver ischemia/reperfusion injury role of puerarin/GA-PEG-PBLA was measured in rats using free puerarin and puerarin/PEG-PBLA as the controls. Results: GA-PEG-PBLA displayed efficient loading and sustained release. Puerarin/GA-PEG-PBLA showed strengthened antiliver ischemia/reperfusion injury characteristics. Conclusion: Overall, the results show that GA-PEG-PBLA could be regarded as an underlying puerarin nanoparticle.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pireddu R, Pibiri M, Valenti D, Sinico C, Fadda AM, Simbula G, Lai F. A novel lactoferrin-modified stealth liposome for hepatoma-delivery of triiodothyronine. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:257-267. [PMID: 29294323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3), a thyroid hormone synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland, plays an essential role in morphogenesis and differentiation through interaction with its nuclear receptors (TRs). However, there are increasing evidences for its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suppression. The aim of this work was to develop an effective hepatocellular carcinoma targeting drug delivery system to improve T3 delivery to hepatic cancer cells as well as to reduce toxic side effects. Three different liposomal systems, such as unmodified, Stealth (PEGylated) and Lactoferrin (Lf)-modified-Stealth liposomes were successfully prepared by the film hydration method, and fully characterized. Liposome cell interactions and cellular uptake were evaluated in three different HCC target cells (FaO, HepG2 and SKHep) by confocal microscopy. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out by using MTT assay to evaluate toxicity of the liposome delivery system and to test the effect of T3 when incorporated into liposomes. Internalization studies, performed using Lf-modified-liposomes labeled with the lipophilic marker Rho-PE and loaded with the hydrophilic probe CF, clearly demonstrated the effective internalization of both hydrophilic and lipophilic markers. Lf-liposomes might markedly enhance the specific cell binding and cellular uptake in hepatoma cells due to the mediating of Lf that could bind with high affinity to multiple receptors on cell surface, such as ASGP-R. Results obtained from this study highlight that the Lf- modified-liposomal delivery system may ensure a specific and sustained T3 delivery, thus, allowing reduced therapeutic doses and deleterious side effects of T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pireddu
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Pibiri
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Porcell 4, Cagliari, 09124, Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Porcell 4, Cagliari, 09124, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dept. Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yazdani S, Bansal R, Prakash J. Drug targeting to myofibroblasts: Implications for fibrosis and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:101-116. [PMID: 28720422 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the key players in extracellular matrix remodeling, a core phenomenon in numerous devastating fibrotic diseases. Not only in organ fibrosis, but also the pivotal role of myofibroblasts in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis has recently been highlighted. Myofibroblast targeting has gained tremendous attention in order to inhibit the progression of incurable fibrotic diseases, or to limit the myofibroblast-induced tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we outline the origin of myofibroblasts, their general characteristics and functions during fibrosis progression in three major organs: liver, kidneys and lungs as well as in cancer. We will then discuss the state-of-the art drug targeting technologies to myofibroblasts in context of the above-mentioned organs and tumor microenvironment. The overall objective of this review is therefore to advance our understanding in drug targeting to myofibroblasts, and concurrently identify opportunities and challenges for designing new strategies to develop novel diagnostics and therapeutics against fibrosis and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Yazdani
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; ScarTec Therapeutics BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shan F, Liu Y, Jiang H, Tong F. In vitro and in vivo protein release and anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury properties of bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7613-7625. [PMID: 29089759 PMCID: PMC5654819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) nanocarrier based on glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-b-poly(l-lysine) (PLL). A protein nanocarrier was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a BMP-2 delivery system. The designed nanocarrier was synthesized based on the ring-opening polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydride. The final product was measured with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. GA-PEG-b-PLL nanocarrier could combine with BMP-2 through electrostatic interaction to form polyion complex (PIC) micelles. BMP-2 could be rapidly and efficiently encapsulated through the GA-PEG-b-PLL nanocarrier under physiological conditions, exhibiting efficient encapsulation and sustained release. In addition, the GA-PEG-b-PLL-mediated BMP-2 delivery system could target the liver against hepatic diseases as it has GA-binding receptors. The anti-hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (anti-HI/RI) effect of BMP-2/GA-PEG-b-PLL PIC micelles was investigated in rats using free BMP-2 and BMP-2/PEG-b-PLL PIC micelles as controls, and the results showed that BMP-2/GA-PEG-b-PLL PIC micelles indicated significantly enhanced anti-HI/RI property compared to BMP-2 and BMP-2/PEG-b-PLL. All results suggested that GA-PEG-b-PLL could be used as a potential BMP-2 nanocarrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shan
- Department of Physiology, Hexi University Medical College, Zhangye
| | - YuJuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hexi University Medical College, Zhangye
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuai R, Li D, Chen YE, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A. High-Density Lipoproteins: Nature's Multifunctional Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3015-41. [PMID: 26889958 PMCID: PMC4918468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous nanoparticles involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. HDL is well-known as the "good" cholesterol because it not only removes excess cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques but also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect the cardiovascular system. Circulating HDL also transports endogenous proteins, vitamins, hormones, and microRNA to various organs. Compared with other synthetic nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, HDL has unique features that allow them to deliver cargo to specific targets more efficiently. These attributes include their ultrasmall size (8-12 nm in diameter), high tolerability in humans (up to 8 g of protein per infusion), long circulating half-life (12-24 h), and intrinsic targeting properties to different recipient cells. Various recombinant ApoA proteins and ApoA mimetic peptides have been recently developed for the preparation of reconstituted HDL that exhibits properties similar to those of endogenous HDL and has a potential for industrial scale-up. In this review, we will summarize (a) clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of reconstituted HDL products, (b) comparison of HDL with inorganic and other organic nanoparticles,
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Polymeric oncolytic adenovirus for cancer gene therapy. J Control Release 2015; 219:181-191. [PMID: 26453806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) vectors present a promising modality to treat cancer. Many clinical trials have been done with either naked oncolytic Ad or combination with chemotherapies. However, the systemic injection of oncolytic Ad in clinical applications is restricted due to significant liver toxicity and immunogenicity. To overcome these issues, Ad has been engineered physically or chemically with numerous polymers for shielding the Ad surface, accomplishing extended blood circulation time and reduced immunogenicity as well as hepatotoxicity. In this review, we describe and classify the characteristics of polymer modified oncolytic Ad following each strategy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review concludes with the highlights of various polymer-coated Ads and their prospects, and directions for future research.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Zhang M, Ji J, Fang X, Pan X, Wang Y, Wu C, Chen M. Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Mediated Polymeric Drug Delivery Targeting the Acidic Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3376-90. [PMID: 26148773 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The major hurdle of current drug carrier against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the lack of specific and selective drug delivery to HCC. In this study, a novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and poly(L-Histidine) (PHIS) mediated polymeric drug delivery system was developed to target HCC that have GA binding receptors and release its encapsulated anticancer drug in the acidic microenvironment of HCC. METHODS Firstly, GA and PHIS were conjugated to form poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (GA-PEG-PHIS-PLGA, GA-PPP) micelles by grafting reaction between active terminal groups. Secondly, andrographolide (AGP) was encapsulated to GA-PPP to make AGP/GA-PPP using the solvent evaporation method. The pH-responsive property of AGP/GA-PPP micelles was validated by monitoring its stability and drug release behavior in different pH conditions. Furthermore, selective hepatocellular uptake of GA-PPP micelles in vitro, liver specific drug accumulation in vivo, as well as the enhanced antitumor effects of AGP/GA-PPP micelles confirmed the HCC targeting property of our novel drug delivery system. RESULTS Average size of AGP/GA-PPP micelles increased significantly and the encapsulated AGP released faster in vitro at pH 5.0, while micelles keeping stable in pH 7.4. AGP/GA-PPP micelles were uptaken more efficiently by human Hep3B liver cells than that by human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. GA-PPP micelles accumulated specifically in the liver and possessed long retention time in vivo. AGP/GA-PPP micelles significantly inhibited tumor growth and provided better therapeutic outcomes compared to free AGP and AGP/PEG-PLGA(AGP/PP) micelles without GA and PHIS decoration. CONCLUSIONS This novel GA-PPP polymeric carrier is promising for targeted treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomas Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Juan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomas Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomas Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mukherjee J, Dmitriev I, Debatis M, Tremblay JM, Beamer G, Kashentseva EA, Curiel DT, Shoemaker CB. Prolonged prophylactic protection from botulism with a single adenovirus treatment promoting serum expression of a VHH-based antitoxin protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106422. [PMID: 25170904 PMCID: PMC4149568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for most acute toxin exposures are limited to administration of polyclonal antitoxin serum. We have shown that VHH-based neutralizing agents (VNAs) consisting of two or more linked, toxin-neutralizing heavy-chain-only VH domains (VHHs), each binding distinct epitopes, can potently protect animals from lethality in several intoxication models including Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1). Appending a 14 amino acid albumin binding peptide (ABP) to an anti-BoNT/A1 heterodimeric VNA (H7/B5) substantially improved serum stability and resulted in an effective VNA serum half-life of 1 to 2 days. A recombinant, replication-incompetent, adenoviral vector (Ad/VNA-BoNTA) was engineered that induces secretion of biologically active VNA, H7/B5/ABP (VNA-BoNTA), from transduced cells. Mice administered a single dose of Ad/VNA-BoNTA, or a different Ad/VNA, via different administration routes led to a wide range of VNA serum levels measured four days later; generally intravenous > intraperitoneal > intramuscular > subcutaneous. Ad/VNA-BoNTA treated mice were 100% protected from 10 LD50 of BoNT/A1 for more than six weeks and protection positively correlated with serum levels of VNA-BoNTA exceeding about 5 ng/ml. Some mice developed antibodies that inhibited VNA binding to target but these mice displayed no evidence of kidney damage due to deposition of immune complexes. Mice were also successfully protected from 10 LD50 BoNT/A1 when Ad/VNA-BoNTA was administered up to 1.5 hours post-intoxication, demonstrating rapid appearance of the protective VNA in serum following treatment. Genetic delivery of VNAs promises to be an effective method of providing prophylactic protection and/or acute treatments for many toxin-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Mukherjee
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Igor Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michelle Debatis
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Tremblay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elena A. Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charles B. Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopez-Gordo E, Denby L, Nicklin SA, Baker AH. The importance of coagulation factors binding to adenovirus: historical perspectives and implications for gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1795-813. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.938637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK ;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruan GX, Zhang TY, Li LM, Zhang XG, Shen YQ, Tabata Y, Gao JQ. Hepatic-Targeted Gene Delivery Using Cationic Mannan Vehicle. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3322-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xin Ruan
- Institute
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Institute
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Li
- Institute
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Guo Zhang
- Department
of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P. R. China
| | - You-Qing Shen
- Center
for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department
of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier
Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Dijk R, Montenegro-Miranda PS, Riviere C, Schilderink R, ten Bloemendaal L, van Gorp J, Duijst S, de Waart DR, Beuers U, Haisma HJ, Bosma PJ. Polyinosinic acid blocks adeno-associated virus macrophage endocytosis in vitro and enhances adeno-associated virus liver-directed gene therapy in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:807-13. [PMID: 24010701 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) has been demonstrated to be effective for liver-directed gene therapy in humans. Although hepatocytes are the main target cell for AAV8, there is a loss of the viral vector because of uptake by macrophages and Kupffer cells. Reducing this loss would increase the efficacy of viral gene therapy and allow a dose reduction. The receptor mediating this uptake has not been identified; a potential candidate seems the macrophage scavenger receptor A (SR-A) that is involved in the endocytosis of, for instance, adenovirus. In this study we show that SR-A can mediate scAAV8 endocytosis and that blocking it with polyinosinic acid (poly[i]) reduces endocytosis significantly in vitro. Subsequently, we demonstrate that blocking this receptor improves scAAV-mediated liver-directed gene therapy in a model for inherited hyperbilirubinemia, the uridine diphospho-glucuronyl transferase 1A1-deficient Gunn rat. In male rats, preadministration of poly[i] increases the efficacy of a low dose (1×10¹¹ gc/kg) but not of a higher dose (3×10¹¹ gc/kg) scAAV8-LP1-UT1A1. Administration of poly[i] just before the vector significantly increases the correction of serum bilirubin in female rats. In these, the effect of poly[i] is seen by both doses but is more pronounced in the females receiving the low vector, where it also results in a significant increase of bilirubin glucuronides in bile. In conclusion, this study shows that SR-A mediates the endocytosis of AAV8 in vitro and in vivo and that blocking this receptor can improve the efficacy of AAV-mediated liver-directed gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco van Dijk
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prill JM, Šubr V, Pasquarelli N, Engler T, Hoffmeister A, Kochanek S, Ulbrich K, Kreppel F. Traceless bioresponsive shielding of adenovirus hexon with HPMA copolymers maintains transduction capacity in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82716. [PMID: 24475024 PMCID: PMC3903484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsid surface shielding of adenovirus vectors with synthetic polymers is an emerging technology to reduce unwanted interactions of the vector particles with cellular and non-cellular host components. While it has been shown that attachment of shielding polymers allows prevention of undesired interactions, it has become evident that a shield which is covalently attached to the vector surface can negatively affect gene transfer efficiency. Reasons are not only a limited receptor-binding ability of the shielded vectors but also a disturbance of intracellular trafficking processes, the latter depending on the interaction of the vector surface with the cellular transport machinery. A solution might be the development of bioresponsive shields that are stably maintained outside the host cell but released upon cell entry to allow for efficient gene delivery to the nucleus. Here we provide a systematic comparison of irreversible versus bioresponsive shields based on synthetic N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers. In addition, the chemical strategy used for generation of the shield allowed for a traceless bioresponsive shielding, i.e., polymers could be released from the vector particles without leaving residual linker residues. Our data demonstrated that only a bioresponsive shield maintained the high gene transfer efficiency of adenovirus vectors both in vitro and in vivo. As an example for bioresponsive HPMA copolymer release, we analyzed the in vivo gene transfer in the liver. We demonstrated that both the copolymer's charge and the mode of shielding (irreversible versus traceless bioresponsive) profoundly affected liver gene transfer and that traceless bioresponsive shielding with positively charged HPMA copolymers mediated FX independent transduction of hepatocytes. In addition, we demonstrated that shielding with HPMA copolymers can mediate a prolonged blood circulation of vector particles in mice. Our results have significant implications for the future design of polymer-shielded Ad and provide a deeper insight into the interaction of shielded adenovirus vector particles with the host after systemic delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tatjana Engler
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Karel Ulbrich
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan M, Lei M, Zeng K, Zhao C. Synthesis of novel tetravalent galactosylated DTPA-DSPE and study on hepatocyte-targeting efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3033-50. [PMID: 23976853 PMCID: PMC3746791 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s47495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purposes of obtaining a hepatocyte-selective drug delivery system, a novel tetravalent galactosylated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (4Gal-DTPA-DSPE) was synthesized. The chemical structure of 4Gal-DTPA-DSPE was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The four galactose-modified liposomes (4Gal-liposomes) were prepared by thin-film hydration method, then doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into liposomes using an ammonium sulfate gradient loading method. The liposomal formulations with 4Gal-DTPA-DSPE were characterized by laser confocal scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, and the results demonstrated that the 4Gal-liposomes facilitated the intracellular uptake of DOX into HepG2 cells via asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the cell proliferation inhibition effect of 4Gal-liposomes was higher than that of the conventional liposomes without the galactose. Additionally, pharmacokinetic experiments in rats revealed that the 4Gal-liposomes displayed slower clearance from the systemic circulation compared with conventional liposomes. The organ distributions in mice and the study on frozen sections of liver implied that the 4Gal-liposomes enhanced the intracellular uptake of DOX into hepatocytes and prolonged the circulation. Taken together, these results indicate that liposomes containing 4Gal-DTPA-DSPE have great potential as drug delivery carriers for hepatocyte-selective targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Dijk R, Montenegro-Miranda P, Riviere C, Schilderink R, ten Bloemendaal L, van Gorp J, Duijst S, de Waart DR, Beuers U, Haisma HJ, Bosma PJ. Polyinosinic acid blocks adeno-associated virus macrophage endocytosis in vitro and enhances adeno-associated virus liver directed gene therapy in vivo. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
20
|
Piccolo P, Vetrini F, Mithbaokar P, Grove NC, Bertin T, Palmer D, Ng P, Brunetti-Pierri N. SR-A and SREC-I are Kupffer and endothelial cell receptors for helper-dependent adenoviral vectors. Mol Ther 2013; 21:767-74. [PMID: 23358188 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vectors can mediate long-term, high-level transgene expression from transduced hepatocytes with no chronic toxicity. However, a toxic acute response with potentially lethal consequences has hindered their clinical applications. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells are major barriers to efficient hepatocyte transduction. Understanding the mechanisms of adenoviral vector uptake by non-parenchymal cells may allow the development of strategies aimed at overcoming these important barriers and to achieve preferential hepatocyte gene transfer with reduced toxicity. Scavenger receptors on Kupffer cells bind adenoviral particles and remove them from the circulation, thus preventing hepatocyte transduction. In the present study, we show that HDAd particles interact in vitro and in vivo with scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) and with scavenger receptor expressed on endothelial cells-I (SREC-I) and we exploited this knowledge to increase the efficiency of hepatocyte transduction by HDAd vectors in vivo through blocking of SR-A and SREC-I with specific fragments antigen-binding (Fabs).
Collapse
|
21
|
Differential type I interferon-dependent transgene silencing of helper-dependent adenoviral vs. adeno-associated viral vectors in vivo. Mol Ther 2013; 21:796-805. [PMID: 23319058 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously dissected the components of the innate immune response to Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) using genetic models, and demonstrated that multiple pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways contribute to this host response to HDAds in vivo. Based on analysis of cytokine expression profiles, type I interferon (IFN) mRNA is induced in host mouse livers at 1 hour post-injection. This type I IFN signaling amplifies cytokine expression in liver independent of the nature of vector DNA sequences after 3 hours post-injection. This type I IFN signaling in response to HDAds administration contributes to transcriptional silencing of both HDAd prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in liver. This silencing occurs early and is mediated by epigenetic modification as shown by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with anti-histone deacetylase (HDAC) and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). In contrast, self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors (scAAVs) showed significantly lower induction of type I IFN mRNA in liver compared to HDAds at both early and late time points. These results show that the type I IFN signaling dependent transgene silencing differs between AAV and HDAd vectors after liver-directed gene transfer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Poelstra K, Prakash J, Beljaars L. Drug targeting to the diseased liver. J Control Release 2012; 161:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
Shi B, Keough E, Matter A, Leander K, Young S, Carlini E, Sachs AB, Tao W, Abrams M, Howell B, Sepp-Lorenzino L. Biodistribution of small interfering RNA at the organ and cellular levels after lipid nanoparticle-mediated delivery. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:727-40. [PMID: 21804077 PMCID: PMC3261601 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411410885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically stabilized small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be delivered systemically by intravenous injection of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in rodents and primates. The biodistribution and kinetics of LNP-siRNA delivery in mice at organ and cellular resolution have been studied using immunofluorescence (IF) staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). At 0.5 and 2 hr post tail vein injection of Cy5-labeled siRNA encapsulated in LNP, the organ rank-order of siRNA levels is liver > spleen > kidney, with only negligible accumulation in duodenum, lung, heart, and brain. Similar conclusions were drawn by using qPCR to measure tissue siRNA levels as a secondary end point. siRNA levels in these tissues decreased by more than 10-fold after 24 hr. Within the liver, LNPs delivered siRNA to hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and sinusoids in a time-dependent manner, as revealed by IF staining and signal quantitation methods established using OPERA/Columbus software. siRNA first accumulated in liver sinusoids and trafficked to hepatocytes by 2 hr post dose, corresponding to the onset of target mRNA silencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization methods were used to detect both strands of siRNA in fixed tissues. Collectively, the authors have implemented a platform to evaluate biodistribution of siRNA across cell types and across tissues in vivo, with the objective of elucidating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship to guide optimization of delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suzuki M, Cela R, Bertin TK, Sule G, Cerullo V, Rodgers JR, Lee B. NOD2 signaling contributes to the innate immune response against helper-dependent adenovirus vectors independently of MyD88 in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:1071-82. [PMID: 21561248 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) signaling is required for maximal innate and acquired [T helper cell type 1 (Th1)] immune responses following systemic administration of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds). However, MyD88-deficient mice injected with HDAdLacZ exhibited only partial reduction of innate immune cytokine expression compared with wild-type mice, suggesting MyD88-independent pathways also respond to HDAds. We now show that NOD2, a nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor known to detect muramyl dipeptides in bacterial peptidoglycans, also contributes to innate responses to HDAds, but not to humoral or Th1 immune responses. We established NOD2/MyD88 double-deficient mice that, when challenged with HDAds, showed a significant reduction of the innate response compared with mice deficient for either gene singly, suggesting that NOD2 signaling contributes to the innate response independently of MyD88 signaling following systemic administration of HDAds. In addition, NOD2-deficient mice exhibited significantly higher transgene expression than did wild-type mice at an early time point (before development of an acquired response), but not at a later time point (after development of an acquired response). These results indicate that the intracellular sensor NOD2 is required for innate responses to HDAds and can limit transgene expression during early phases of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu C, Lei X, Wang J, Hung T. Generation of a replication-deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 35 vector using bacteria-mediated homologous recombination. J Virol Methods 2011; 177:55-63. [PMID: 21763350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of adenovirus type 35 (Ad35) as a vector in vaccine and gene therapy studies is promising due to its broad cell tropism and low seroprevalence in humans. However, to date, a simple and effective system for producing recombinant Ad35 (rAd35) has not been well developed. This report describes a two-plasmid Ad35-Easy system to facilitate the production of recombinant Ad35 (rAd35). The system employed the pAd35-shuttle vector for foreign gene transfer and the pAd35-backbone vector to provide the Ad35 genomic backbone. A 293-Ad35E1B cell line was used to trans-complement rAd35 replication. rAd35 plasmids were obtained through homologous recombination following co-transformation of E. coli BJ5183 cells with recombinant pAd35-shuttle vectors harboring foreign genes. rAd35 viruses were obtained directly by transfecting 293-Ad35E1B cells with foreign gene-containing rAd35 plasmids and the pAd35-backbone vector. The production of E1 deficient rAd35 was evaluated by transfecting the 293-Ad35E1B cells with the rAd35 plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. The virus grew effectively at a yield comparable to that of wild type Ad35 in HEp2 cells, indicating that the Ad35-Easy system is an efficient method for rapid production of rAd35 in sufficient quantities for vaccine development or gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shan L, Xue J, Guo J, Qian Z, Achilefu S, Gu Y. Improved targeting of ligand-modified adenovirus as a new near infrared fluorescence tumor imaging probe. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:567-81. [PMID: 21401110 DOI: 10.1021/bc100245t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
E1/E3-deleted Adenovirus 5 (Ad.5) possesses a great potential in gene therapy because of its high efficacy in gene transfer and low toxicity. Studies have shown that Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor (CAR) is the determinant factor for the targeting of Adenovirus vectors. To extend the natural targeting of Ad to low CAR expressing tumors, we covalently attached folic acid (FA) to E1/E3-deleted Ad.5 capsids. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye ICG-Der-02 was subsequently conjugated with FA-Ad particles for in vivo imaging. The cell experiments and acute toxicity studies demonstrated the low toxicity of FA-Ad-ICG02 to normal cell/tissues. The dynamic behavior and targeting ability of FA-Ad-ICG02 to different tumors were investigated by NIR fluorescence imaging. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated its high targeting capability to CAR or FR positive tumors. The results support the potential of using ligand-modified Ad probe for tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haisma HJ, Bellu AR. Pharmacological interventions for improving adenovirus usage in gene therapy. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:50-5. [PMID: 20979428 DOI: 10.1021/mp100310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy may be an innovative and promising new treatment strategy for cancer but is limited due to a low efficiency and specificity of gene delivery to the target cells. Adenovirus is the preferred gene therapy vector for systemic delivery because of its unparalleled in vivo transduction efficiency. Intravenous administration of low doses of adenovirus results in adenovirus sequestration in the liver due to binding to the scavenger receptor present on Kupffer cells. When the amount of adenovirus surpasses the binding capacity of Kupffer cells, hepatocytes absorb adenovirus particles in a blood factor-dependent manner. Increasing the Ad dose even more will saturate both the Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Then sinusoid endothelial cells bind adenovirus particles in an RGD motif-dependent manner. Strategies to eradicate the binding to liver cells include drugs to interfere or eliminate binding to specific cell types, adenovirus capsid protein mutations and chemical modifications of adenovirus to shield the capsid proteins from cellular receptors. The combined use of these approaches should ultimately lead to successful systemic application of adenovirus in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidde J Haisma
- Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu Z, Smith JS, Tian J, Byrnes AP. Induction of shock after intravenous injection of adenovirus vectors: a critical role for platelet-activating factor. Mol Ther 2009; 18:609-16. [PMID: 19953082 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses are a major barrier to safe systemic gene therapy with adenovirus (Ad) vectors. We show that intravenous (IV) injection of rats with Ad5 vectors causes a novel rapid shock reaction that involves hypotension, hemoconcentration, tissue edema, and vasocongestion, with notable pathology in the pancreas and the gastrointestinal system. We show for the first time that this reaction is dependent on platelet-activating factor (PAF), a lipid signaling molecule that is a known shock inducer. Ad upregulated PAF within 5 minutes in vivo, and antagonists of the PAF receptor were able to prevent Ad-induced shock. Ad upregulated PAF via the reticuloendothelial system (RES), because splenectomy or depletion of phagocytes blocked the ability of Ad to induce both PAF and shock. Rats were considerably more sensitive to Ad-induced shock than were mice, but PAF mediated shock in both species. Other Ad-induced innate immune responses such as cytokine induction and thrombocytopenia were not mediated by PAF. In summary, systemic IV injection of Ad stimulates the RES to upregulate PAF within a matter of minutes, which results in shock. The identification of this novel pathway suggests strategies to improve the safety of systemic gene therapy with Ad vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Xu
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haisma HJ, Boesjes M, Beerens AM, van der Strate BWA, Curiel DT, Plüddemann A, Gordon S, Bellu AR. Scavenger receptor A: a new route for adenovirus 5. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:366-74. [PMID: 19227971 DOI: 10.1021/mp8000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are common pathogens associated with respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal illnesses and/or conjunctivitis. Currently, this virus is used as a vector in gene therapy trials. The promise of viral gene therapy applications is substantially reduced because the virus is cleared by liver macrophages upon systemic administration. The mechanism underlying adenoviral tropism to and degradation in macrophages is poorly understood. We identified a new adenoviral receptor, the scavenger receptor A (SR-A), responsible for uptake of the virus in macrophages. CHO cells expressing SR-A showed increased viral transgene expression when compared with wild type cells. Preincubation of J774 macrophage cells with SR-A ligands decreased significantly adenoviral uptake. Electron-microscopy analysis of infected J774 cells showed activation of a viral degradation pathway. Infection of mice with adenovirus resulted in a substantial decrease of the virus in liver macrophages when SR-A was blocked. Our data provide a basis for understanding of the adenoviral uptake and degradation mechanism in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of adenoviral SR-A uptake can be utilized in gene therapy applications to increase its efficiency and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidde J Haisma
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Adenovirus activates complement by distinctly different mechanisms in vitro and in vivo: indirect complement activation by virions in vivo. J Virol 2009; 83:5648-58. [PMID: 19321608 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00082-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding innate immunity is key to improving the safety of adenovirus (Ad) vectors for systemic gene therapy. Ad has been shown to activate complement in vitro, but activation of complement after Ad injection in vivo has not been directly measured. Using complement protein C3a as a marker of complement activation, we show that types 2 and 5 human Ads cause rapid complement activation after intravenous injection in mice. Unexpectedly, the mechanisms in vivo were different than those in vitro. Antibodies were critical for the activation of complement by Ad in vitro, but antibodies were not required in vivo. The classical pathway was required in vitro, whereas complement activation in vivo involved both classical and nonclassical pathways as well as the reticuloendothelial system. Remarkably, the entry-deficient Ad mutant ts1 was completely unable to activate complement in vivo even though it was fully able to activate complement in vitro. This result demonstrates that the complement system senses intravenously injected Ad primarily by detecting the effects of Ad on cells rather than through direct interaction of complement with virions. Encouragingly, shielding Ad with polyethylene glycol was effective at reducing complement activation both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, intravenously injected Ad rapidly activates complement through multiple pathways, but these pathways are different than those identified by in vitro studies. In vitro studies are poorly predictive of in vivo mechanisms because Ad virions activate complement through indirect mechanisms in vivo.
Collapse
|
31
|
Di Paolo NC, van Rooijen N, Shayakhmetov DM. Redundant and synergistic mechanisms control the sequestration of blood-born adenovirus in the liver. Mol Ther 2009; 17:675-84. [PMID: 19223863 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (Ad) is a ubiquitous pathogen causing a wide range of diseases. Although the interactions of human Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) with susceptible cells in vitro are known in great detail, host factors controlling the tissue specificity of Ad5 infection in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms of sequestration by the liver for blood-born human Ads and Ad5-based vectors. Our data suggest that several known mechanisms that lead to Ad5 sequestration by the liver become engaged in a redundant, sequential, and synergistic manner to ensure the rapid clearance of circulating virus particles from the blood. These mechanisms include (i) trapping of the virus by liver residential macrophages, Kupffer cells; (ii) Ad5 hepatocyte infection via blood factor-hexon interactions; and (iii) Ad5 penton RGD motif-mediated interactions with liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes, mediating virus retention in the space of Disse. More important, we show that when all of these mechanisms are simultaneously inactivated via mutations of Ad5 capsid proteins and pharmacological interventions, virus sequestration by the liver is markedly reduced. Therefore, our study is the first demonstration of the principal possibility of ablating the sequestration of blood-born Ad in the liver via specific inactivation of a defined set of mechanisms that control this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Di Paolo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Clearance of adenovirus by Kupffer cells is mediated by scavenger receptors, natural antibodies, and complement. J Virol 2008; 82:11705-13. [PMID: 18815305 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01320-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) rapidly remove intravenously injected adenovirus (Ad) vectors from the circulation. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved could suggest strategies to improve Ad gene delivery by suppressing or evading KC uptake. We recently showed that clearance of Ad type 5 vectors by KCs does not involve the interaction of Ad with the well-established Ad receptors, namely, integrins or the coxsackievirus and Ad receptor (J. S. Smith, Z. Xu, J. Tian, S. C. Stevenson, and A. P. Byrnes, Hum. Gene Ther. 19:547-554, 2008). In the current study, we systematically quantified the contributions of various receptors and plasma proteins to the clearance of Ad by KCs. We found that scavenger receptors are a predominant mechanism for the clearance of Ad by KCs. In addition, we found that Ad is opsonized by natural immunoglobulin M antibodies and complement and that these opsonins play a contributory role in the clearance of Ad by KCs. We also examined additional mechanisms that have been postulated to be involved in the clearance of Ad, including the binding of Ad to platelets and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, but we found that neither of these were required for the clearance of Ad by KCs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Haisma HJ, Kamps JAAM, Kamps GK, Plantinga JA, Rots MG, Bellu AR. Polyinosinic acid enhances delivery of adenovirus vectors in vivo by preventing sequestration in liver macrophages. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1097-1105. [PMID: 18420786 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus is among the preferred vectors for gene therapy because of its superior in vivo gene-transfer efficiency. However, upon systemic administration, adenovirus is preferentially sequestered by the liver, resulting in reduced adenovirus-mediated transgene expression in targeted tissues. In the liver, Kupffer cells are responsible for adenovirus degradation and contribute to the inflammatory response. As scavenger receptors present on Kupffer cells are responsible for the elimination of blood-borne pathogens, we investigated the possible implication of these receptors in the clearance of the adenovirus vector. Polyinosinic acid [poly(I)], a scavenger receptor A ligand, was analysed for its capability to inhibit adenovirus uptake specifically in macrophages. In in vitro studies, the addition of poly(I) before virus infection resulted in a specific inhibition of adenovirus-induced gene expression in a J774 macrophage cell line and in primary Kupffer cells. In in vivo experiments, pre-administration of poly(I) caused a 10-fold transient increase in the number of adenovirus particles circulating in the blood. As a consequence, transgene expression levels measured in different tissues were enhanced (by 5- to 15-fold) compared with those in animals that did not receive poly(I). Finally, necrosis of Kupffer cells, which normally occurs as a consequence of systemic adenovirus administration, was prevented by the use of poly(I). No toxicity, as measured by liver-enzyme levels, was observed after poly(I) treatment. From our data, we conclude that poly(I) can prevent adenovirus sequestration by liver macrophages. These results imply that, by inhibiting adenovirus uptake by Kupffer cells, it is possible to reduce the dose of the viral vector to diminish the liver-toxicity effect and to improve the level of transgene expression in target tissues. In systemic gene-therapy applications, this will have great impact on the development of targeted adenoviral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidde J Haisma
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gera K Kamps
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josee A Plantinga
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne G Rots
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Rita Bellu
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smith JS, Xu Z, Tian J, Stevenson SC, Byrnes AP. Interaction of Systemically Delivered Adenovirus Vectors with Kupffer Cells in Mouse Liver. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:547-54. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Smith
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zhili Xu
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jie Tian
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan C. Stevenson
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Andrew P. Byrnes
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|