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Ahmad Malla B, Dubal ZB, Kadwalia A, Abass G, Vinodh Kumar OR, Kumar A, Rajak KK, Maqbool I, Mohmad A, Rangaraju V, Fayaz A. Seasonal pattern in occurrence of rotavirus infection (RV) in diarrheic children, calves and piglets from Bareilly, India. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1730-1737. [PMID: 33345713 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1859520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable diagnosis for diarrhoeal disease is critically important for the differentiation of etiological agents and subsequent suitable treatment modalities. The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal pattern in the occurrence of rotavirus in diarrheic children, calves and piglets from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 115 diarrhoeal samples were collected, out of which 51 were collected during post-monsoon/autumn (September 2018-November 2018) and 64 during the winter season (December 2018-February 2019). The samples were collected from children <5 years (n = 50), piglets <3 months (n = 35) and calves <6 months of age (n = 30). These samples were screened by ribonucleic acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by targeting the VP6 gene of rotavirus A (RVA) and the two were compared. In RNA-PAGE 29.4% (5/17), 6.3% (1/16) and 0% (0/18) samples collected from children, calves and piglets, respectively were rotavirus positive during the autumn season while 45.5% (15/33), 21.4% (3/14) and 17.7% (3/17) samples in the winter season. In RT-PCR, 41.2% (7/17), 12.5% (2/16) and 0% (0/18) samples were rotavirus positive in the autumn season while 51.5% (17/33), 28.6% (4/14) and 29.4% (5/17) samples in winter season collected from children, calves and piglets, respectively. On statistical analysis, no significant difference between the season and number of positives in children and calves (p > 0.05) was observed, however in piglets significantly higher number of RVA positives were detected in the winter season than autumn (p < 0.01). The diagnostic test comparison of RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR showed no statistically significant difference in detecting the RVA positives (p > 0.05). Overall the percent positivity showed a seasonal pattern with higher positivity in winter as compared to autumn season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Malla
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Zunjar Baburao Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Anukampa Kadwalia
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gazanfar Abass
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Kaushal Kishore Rajak
- Division of Veterinary Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ishfaq Maqbool
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Aquil Mohmad
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Vivekanandhan Rangaraju
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Arfa Fayaz
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Kumar N, Malik YS, Kumar S, Sharma K, Sircar S, Saurabh S, Gulati BR, Singh N, Singh AK, Joshi VG, Banyai K, Dhama K. Peptide-Recombinant VP6 Protein Based Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Group A Rotaviruses in Multiple Host Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159027. [PMID: 27391106 PMCID: PMC4938596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel enzyme immunoassay for the detection of group A rotavirus (RVA) antigen in fecal samples of multiple host species. The assay is based on the detection of conserved VP6 protein using anti-recombinant VP6 antibodies as capture antibodies and anti-multiple antigenic peptide (identified and constructed from highly immunodominant epitopes within VP6 protein) antibodies as detector antibodies. The clinical utility of the assay was evaluated using a panel of 914 diarrhoeic fecal samples from four different host species (bovine, porcine, poultry and human) collected from diverse geographical locations in India. Using VP6- based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the gold standard, we found that the diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and specificity (DSp) of the new assay was high [bovine (DSn = 94.2% & DSp = 100%); porcine (DSn = 94.6% & DSp = 93.3%); poultry (DSn = 74.2% & DSp = 97.7%) and human (DSn = 82.1% & DSp = 98.7%)]. The concordance with RT-PCR was also high [weighted kappa (k) = 0.831–0.956 at 95% CI = 0.711–1.0] as compared to RNA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE). The performance characteristics of the new immunoassay were comparable to those of the two commercially available ELISA kits. Our results suggest that this peptide-recombinant protein based assay may serve as a preliminary assay for epidemiological surveillance of RVA antigen and for evaluation of vaccine effectiveness especially in low and middle income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Biological Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Biological Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Satish Kumar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Sharma
- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Subhankar Sircar
- Biological Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Saurabh
- Biological Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Baldev R. Gulati
- National Research Center on Equines (NRCE), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Biological Standardization Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay G. Joshi
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krisztian Banyai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungáriakrt. 21, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Veterinary Immunology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dubal Z, Mawlong M, Susngi B, Sanjukta R, Puro K, Ghatak S, Sen A, Shakuntala I, Barbuddhe S, Ahuja A, Bhattacharjee U. Comparison of agarose gel electrophoresis and RNA-PAGE for rapid detection of rotavirus from faecal samples. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.896262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Since the last Handbook of Clinical Neurology volume on this topic, viral diagnosis has made tremendous strides, moving from the margin to the mainstream of clinical care. For many years, conventional virus isolation was the mainstay of viral diagnosis since it was sensitive and “open-minded.” However, growth in conventional cell culture entails an inherent delay that limits its clinical impact. Although rapid culture and viral antigen methods detect fewer pathogens and are less sensitive than conventional culture, both require less expertise and have greatly reduced time to result. Polymerase chain reaction has ushered in a new era in virology, especially in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases. Molecular amplification methods are rapid, highly sensitive, can be automated, quantitative, and detect viruses not amenable to routine culture. User-friendly, walk-away tests with results in an hour, as well as multiplex tests that can detect 20 viruses in a single reaction, are now a reality. As the variety of test methods and commercial products proliferate, the challenges for clinicians and laboratories are selecting which tests to utilize in which clinical scenarios, and understanding how to interpret the results. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed in this chapter, with special attention to neurologic disease.
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Dusetty P, Velázquez FR, Gutiérrez-Escolano AL, Ludert JE. Evaluation of the second generation of a commercial latex agglutination test for the detection of rotavirus antigens in fecal samples. J Clin Virol 2013; 57:88-90. [PMID: 23403240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite vaccine availability, the infection rate and disease burden associated with rotavirus infection are still high. Thus, accurate diagnosis of rotavirus infection continues to be necessary for proper patient clinical management and disease control. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a novel, second generation, commercial latex tests (Pastorex™ Rotavirus latex agglutination test, BIORAD, Marnes-La-Coquette, France), for the detection of rotavirus in human feces. STUDY DESIGN Using 166 fecal samples collected from children with acute diarrhea, and previously tested for rotavirus, calicivirus and astrovirus, the second generation Pastorex™ Rotavirus latex agglutination test was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The test showed a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 97.7%. Positive and negative predicted values for the test were 97% and 88%, respectively. The results suggest that this commercial test is a good alternative for rotavirus diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Dusetty
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, CINVESTAV-IPN. Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, México, D.F., Mexico
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Production of latex agglutination reagents for pneumococcal serotyping. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:49. [PMID: 23379961 PMCID: PMC3570367 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current ‘gold standard’ for serotyping pneumococci is the Quellung test. This technique is laborious and requires a certain level of training to correctly perform. Commercial pneumococcal latex agglutination serotyping reagents are available, but these are expensive. In-house production of latex agglutination reagents can be a cost-effective alternative to using commercially available reagents. This paper describes a method for the production and quality control (QC) of latex reagents, including problem solving recommendations, for pneumococcal serotyping. Results Here we describe a method for the production of latex agglutination reagents based on the passive adsorption of antibodies to latex particles. Sixty-five latex agglutination reagents were made using the PneuCarriage Project (PCP) method, of which 35 passed QC. The other 30 reagents failed QC due to auto-agglutination (n=2), no reactivity with target serotypes (n=8) or cross-reactivity with non-target serotypes (n=20). Dilution of antisera resulted in a further 27 reagents passing QC. The remaining three reagents passed QC when prepared without centrifugation and wash steps. Protein estimates indicated that latex reagents that failed QC when prepared using the PCP method passed when made with antiserum containing ≤ 500 μg/ml of protein. Sixty-one nasopharyngeal isolates were serotyped with our in-house latex agglutination reagents, with the results showing complete concordance with the Quellung reaction. Conclusions The method described here to produce latex agglutination reagents allows simple and efficient serotyping of pneumococci and may be applicable to latex agglutination reagents for typing or identification of other microorganisms. We recommend diluting antisera or removing centrifugation and wash steps for any latex reagents that fail QC. Our latex reagents are cost-effective, technically undemanding to prepare and remain stable for long periods of time, making them ideal for use in low-income countries.
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