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Jing Z, Wu L, Pan Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Shi D, Shi H, Chen J, Ji Z, Zhang J, Feng T, Tian J, Feng L. Rotavirus infection inhibits SLA-I expression on the cell surface by degrading β2 M via ERAD-proteasome pathway. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110036. [PMID: 38458048 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Group A Rotavirus (RVA) is a major cause of diarrhea in infants and piglets. β2-microglobulin (β2 M), encoded by the B2M gene, serves as a crucial subunit of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. β2 M is indispensable for the transport of MHC-I to the cell membrane. MHC-I, also known as swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLA-I) in pigs, presents viral antigens to the cell surface. In this study, RVA infection down-regulated β2 M expression in both porcine intestinal epithelial cells-J2 (IPEC-J2) and MA-104 cells. RVA infection did not down-regulate the mRNA level of the B2M gene, indicating that the down-regulation of β2 M occurred on the protein level. Mechanismly, RVA infection triggered β2 M aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and enhanced the Lys48 (K48)-linked ubiquitination of β2 M, leading to the degradation of β2 M through ERAD-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we found that RVA infection significantly impeded the level of SLA-I on the surface, and the overexpression of β2 M could recover its expression. In this study, our study demonstrated that RVA infection degrades β2 M via ERAD-proteasome pathway, consequently hampering SLA-I expression on the cell surface. This study would enhance the understanding of the mechanism of how RVA infection induces immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingshuai Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Dias JBL, Pinheiro MS, Petrucci MP, Travassos CEPF, Mendes GS, Santos N. Rotavirus A and D circulating in commercial chicken flocks in southeastern Brazil. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:743-748. [PMID: 37878188 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) outbreaks can cause significant economic losses in the livestock and poultry industries. Stool samples were collected from asymptomatic laying and broiler chickens from commercial poultry farms in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil for detection of RV species A and D (RVA and RVD, respectively) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RV was detected in 10.5% (34/325) of samples: 22 (64.7%) were positive for RVA and nine (26.5%) for RVD, while three (8.8%) exhibited coinfections with both viruses. Sequence analysis of a VP6 fragment from seven RVA-positive samples identified the I11 genotype in all samples. Information regarding avian RV epidemiology is still scanty, despite the high prevalence of RV infections in several bird species and subsequent economic impact. Consequently, monitoring infections caused by avian RVs, especially in commercial birds, is essential not only to provide new and relevant information regarding the biology, epidemiology, and evolution of these viruses, but also to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B L Dias
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Mendes
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil.
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Song W, Feng Y, Zhang J, Kong D, Fan J, Zhao M, Hua L, Xiang J, Tang X, Xiao S, Peng Z, Wu B. Development of a multiplex reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for detecting common causative agents of swine viral diarrhea in China. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:12. [PMID: 38444040 PMCID: PMC10916220 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases caused by viral agents have led to a great morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in global pig industry. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and group A porcine rotavirus (RVA) are main causative agents of swine viral diarrhea with similar clinical signs on Chinese farms and their co-infection is also common. However, it is still lack of a convenient method to detect these four agents. METHODS A TaqMan multiplex qPCR method was developed to detect PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and RVA, simultaneously. This method was then applied to investigate 7,342 swine fecal samples or rectal swabs, as well as 1,246 swine intestinal samples collected from 2075 farms in China in 2022. RESULTS Minimum detection limits of this method were 3 copies/µL for PEDV, 4 copies/µL for TGEV, 8 copies/µL for RVA, and 8 copies/µL for PDCoV, suggesting a good sensitivity. No signals were observed by using this method detecting other viral agents commonly prevalent in pigs, which is suggestive of a good specificity. Application of this method on investigating clinical samples demonstrated a relatively high positive rate for PEDV (22.21%, 1907/8588) and RVA (44.00%, 3779/8588). In addition, co-infection between PEDV and RVA was observed on 360 investigated farms, accounting for 17.35% (360/2075) of the farms where co-infection events were screened. CONCLUSIONS A TaqMan multiplex qPCR method targeting PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and RVA was developed in this study. This method demonstrated a good specificity and sensitivity on investigating these four common viruses responsible for viral diarrhea on Chinese pig farms, which represents a convenient method for the monitoring and differential diagnosis of swine viral diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixue Feng
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Danni Kong
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmei Xiang
- Hubei Vocational College of Bio-Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xibiao Tang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Vocational College of Bio-Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China.
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D'Costa AS, Golding BA, Raval MK, Rolland-Sabaté A, Bordenave N. Probing gallic acid-starch interactions through Rapid ViscoAnalyzer in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113409. [PMID: 37803750 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are known inhibitors of starch digestion through binding with α-amylase. However, a growing body of research shows that phenolic-starch interactions at the molecular level may interfere with this inhibition potential. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Gallic Acid (GA) as a model phenolic compound on starch digestion kinetics carried out in vitro in a Rapid ViscoAnalyzer (RVA). The results showed that when GA was added before cooking of starch in order to promote starch-GA complexation, the rate of digestion of starch was similar to that of starch alone, and faster than when GA was added after cooking of starch. The results demonstrated that when GA was introduced after cooking of starch, GA inhibited α-amylase strongly and that inhibition increased with starch paste viscosity only for potato and wheat starches. No correlation was found between starch molecular characteristics and the inhibiting capacity of GA at different starch concentrations. However, the apparent influence of starch chain length distribution suggested that physical effects (such as the absorption of GA at the surface of the starch paste) may play a role in the capacity of GA to inhibit α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S D'Costa
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Billy A Golding
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mrudav K Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mumbai Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nicolas Bordenave
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR SQPOV, F-84000 Avignon, France; School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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5
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Woodbury TJ, Mauer LJ. Oligosaccharide, sucrose, and allulose effects on the pasting and retrogradation behaviors of wheat starch. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113002. [PMID: 37330845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The pasting and retrogradation behaviors of starch are altered by the presence of sugars and are important in dictating the storage stability and texture of starch-containing foods. The use of oligosaccharides (OS) and allulose in reduced-sugar formulations is being explored. The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of different types and concentrations (0% to 60% w/w) of OS (fructo-OS, gluco-OS, isomalto-OS, gluco-dextrin, and xylo-OS) and allulose on the pasting and retrogradation attributes of wheat starch compared to starch in water (control) or sucrose solutions using DSC and rheometry. Physicochemical properties of the additives and their effects on amylose leaching were also considered. Significant differences in starch pasting, retrogradation, and amylose leaching were found between the control and additive solutions, influenced by additive type and concentration. Allulose increased starch paste viscosity and promoted retrogradation over time (60% conc. PV = 7628 cP; ΔHret, 14 = 3.18 J/g) compared to the control (PV = 1473 cP; ΔHret, 14 = 2.66 J/g) and all OS (PV = 14 to 1834 cP; ΔHret,14 = 0.34 to 3.08 J/g). In the allulose, sucrose, and xylo-OS solutions, compared to the other OS types, the gelatinization and pasting temperatures of starch were lower, more amylose leaching occurred, and pasting viscosities were higher. Increasing OS concentrations elevated gelatinization and pasting temperatures. In most 60% OS solutions these temperatures exceeded 95 °C thereby preventing starch gelatinization and pasting in the rheological analysis, and in conditions relevant for inhibiting starch gelatinization in low moisture-sweetened products. Fructose-analog additives (allulose and fructo-OS) promoted starch retrogradation more than the other additives, while xylo-OS was the only additive that limited retrogradation across all OS concentrations. The correlations and quantitative findings from this study will assist product developers in selecting health-promoting sugar replacer ingredients that impart desirable texture and shelf-life properties in starch-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travest J Woodbury
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lisa J Mauer
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Kumar A, Tripathi VK, Kumar P, Rakshit A. Assessment of hydrologic impact on flow regime due to dam inception using IHA framework. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:37821-37844. [PMID: 36576634 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last century, thousands of dams and diversions have been built to regulate the streamflow, resulting in water impoundment in the upstream and frequent drought conditions in the downstream. It has pressured researchers to study flow regime change and its complication on the downstream biota. The present study planned to develop a framework for trend analyzing of river flow and detecting flow regime change after the inception of Isapur and Arunavati dams, situated on the upstream side of Penganga bridge. Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen's slope estimator for trend analysis and Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) for flow regime alteration analysis were utilized. A total 26 parameters showed negatively altered flow regime with a magnitude varying from - 5.56 to - 100%. Fourteen altered parameters were modified drastically (more than 50% decrease) with the highest modification in 30-day maximum (100%) post-single dam inception. a total of 13 parameters were negatively altered with alteration value - 9.09 to - 86.36% post-double dam inception, out of which, three parameters were severely altered, with the highest alteration in the month of June. The period (1983-1994) was more altered than 1995-2016. This shows that Isapur dam has higher impact on flow regime change than Arunavati dam. Information about alteration of hydrological parameters will be helpful to improve the water flow regulation at Isapur and Arunavati dams for restoring river ecology on the downstream side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Environmental Hydrology Division (EHD), National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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7
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Bertolini AB, Thyssen PJ, Brandão PE, Prado AM, Silva SODS, Mioni MDSR, de Gouvea FLR, Pantoja JCDF, Langoni H, Guimarães FF, Joaquim SF, Guerra ST, Leite DDS, Rall VM, Hernandes RT, Lucheis SB, Rossi GAM, Ribeiro MG. Flies (Insecta, Diptera) collected in the environment of dairy farms as carriers of Rotavirus A and betacoronavirus. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:7022323. [PMID: 36725209 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus in dipterans that commonly inhabit the environment of dairy farms. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 217 insect specimens from nine dairy farms, which were examined through hemi-nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing in search of VP1 and N genes for rotavirus and bovine coronavirus-BCoV, respectively. With a predominance of Muscidae (152/217 = 70%) 11 families of Diptera were identified. Rotavirus A (RVA) and betacoronavirus (BCoV) were detected in 14.7% (32/217) and 4.6% (10/217) of the dipterans, respectively. Sequencing of the amplicons was possible for 11.5% (25/217) of RVA and 0.5% (1/217) of BCoV, confirming the presence of these pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the role of dipterans as carriers of RVA and BCoV of great relevance for public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bezerra Bertolini
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Jacqueline Thyssen
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862 SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, FMVZ-USP, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Marrara Prado
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-862 SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, FMVZ-USP, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lucas Rezende de Gouvea
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Freitas Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmea Fernandes Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Simony Trevizan Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Domingos da Silva Leite
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Mores Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tavanelli Hernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Baldini Lucheis
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
- Vila Velha University (UVV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, 29102-920 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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8
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Genz B, Gerszon J, Pollock Y, Gleeson B, Shankar R, Sellars MJ, Moser RJ. Detection and genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus A, B and C in eastern Australian piggeries. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:153-163. [PMID: 36651680 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RV) have a high prevalence in piggeries worldwide and are one of the major pathogens causing severe diarrhoea in young pigs. RV species A, B, and C have been linked to piglet diarrhoea in Australian pig herds, but their genetic diversity has not been studied in detail. Based on sequencing of the structural viral protein 7 (VP7) RVA G genotypes G3, G4 and G5, and RVC types G1, G3, G5, and G6 have been identified in Australian piggeries in previous studies. Although occurrence of RVB was reported in Australia in 1988, no further genetic analysis has been conducted. To improve health management decisions in Australian pig herds, more information on RV prevalence and genetic diversity is needed. Here, 243 enteric samples collected from 20 pig farms within Eastern Australia were analysed for the presence of RV in different age groups using a novel PCR-based multiplex assay (Pork MultiPath™ enteric panel). RVA, RVB, and RVC were detected in 10, 14, and 14 farms, respectively. Further sequencing of VP7 in selected RV-positive samples revealed G genotypes G2, G5, G9 (RVA), G6, G8, G14, G16, G20 (RVB), and G1, G3, G5, G6 (RVC) present. RVA was only detected in young (<10 weeks old) pigs whereas RVB and RVC were also detected in older animals (>11 weeks old). Interestingly, RVB and RVC G-type occurrence differed between age groups. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on the prevalence and diversity of different RV species in pig herds of Eastern Australia whilst demonstrating the ability of the Pork MultiPath™ technology to accurately differentiate between these RV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Genz
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - J Gerszon
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Y Pollock
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Gleeson
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Shankar
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M J Sellars
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - R J Moser
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
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9
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Asimi S, Xin R, Min Z, Sixuan L, Lv Q, Lingqi M. Screening new breeding japonica rice varieties by rice quality, three processing characteristics, and odor characteristics. J Food Sci 2023; 88:133-146. [PMID: 36527317 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rice's yield, cooking, and sensory quality are primary considerations in selecting new breeding rice varieties, which are determined by the rice eating quality such as processing and flavor characteristics. Thus, in this study, to advance the breed of new superior japonica rice varieties, the differences in the rice quality, processing characteristics, and flavor characteristics between 12 newly-bred varieties (H2-36, H2-42, H2-53, H2-59, H2-63, H2-73, H2-74, H2-79, H2-81, H2-82, H2-89, and H2-91) and 1 commercial variety (Kenyu38) were analyzed. The results indicated that H2-42 has a reasonable length-to-width ratio (1.51), high rice yield, good color, reasonable amylose, protein content, excellent water existence index, accessible storage, and the highest taste value. Electronic nose results showed significant differences in aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols among 13 rice varieties. Aroma analysis results showed that H2-42 had the highest n-hexanal (14.63 µg/kg), (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal (37.24 µg/kg), nonanal (19.93 µg/kg), and decanal (4.81 µg/kg); those were important aroma components in cooked rice. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, trough viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperature were the crucial factors that affected rice quality. According to partial least squares regression analysis, total color change, final viscosity, setback, (E)-2-heptenal, and 2-methyl-undecanol were the most important factors that distinguished the rice quality. In conclusion, H2-42 rice was better apparent quality, processing characteristics, and aroma compounds. Therefore, H2-42 has the potential for identification and promotion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results from this study will provide data support for the cultivation, application, and quality improvement of high-quality rice varieties. In addition, it gives new ideas and methods for studying rice eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailimuhan Asimi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Xin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Min
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sixuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixin Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lingqi
- Binhai Agricultural Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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10
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Mirzababaee SM, Ozmen D, Hesarinejad MA, Toker OS, Yeganehzad S. A study on the structural, physicochemical, rheological and thermal properties of high hydrostatic pressurized pearl millet starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:511-523. [PMID: 36368359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Starch in native form has limited application due to functional and physicochemical characteristics. To overcome these limitations, starch can be modified by non-thermal technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). This study investigates high-pressure-induced gelatinization and the effect of this process on the structural, functional, morphological, pasting, thermal, physical and rheological properties of millet starch. The suspension of millet starch and water was pressurized at 200, 400 and 600 MPa for 10, 20 and 30 min to modify the starch in terms of structure, morphology, some physicochemical and rheological properties. Swelling strength and starch solubility decreased as a result of treatment with HHP. All treatments caused to increase in water holding capacity of the starch (from 0.66 % for native starch to 2.19 % for 600 MPa-30 min). Thermal analysis showed a decrease in gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of gelatinization and the pasting properties showed a decrease in the peak viscosity after HHP treatment. In addition, HHP treatment caused to increase in the hydration ability of starch by creating porosity and gaps in the granule surface and increasing the specific surface area. HHP application resulted in an increase in the peak time and pasting temperature and a decrease in breakdown and peak viscosities, final viscosity and setback viscosity in comparison with native starch of millet. The starch sample treated with 600 MPa for 30 min had the lowest syneresis and retrogradation ability. Increasing pressure and the time led to an increase in the elastic nature of the starch samples. According to the results, it is possible to increase usage area of starches in the food industry by improving its technological with HHP. This green physical technology can influence the quality parameters of starch, which can provide benefits for product machining and economic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mahdi Mirzababaee
- Department of Food Industry Machineries, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Duygu Ozmen
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Omer Said Toker
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Samira Yeganehzad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Ahmad Malla B, Dubal ZB, Kadwalia A, Abass G, Vinodh Kumar OR, Kumar A, Rajak KK, Maqbool I, Mohmad A, Rangaraju V, Fayaz A. Seasonal pattern in occurrence of rotavirus infection (RV) in diarrheic children, calves and piglets from Bareilly, India. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1730-1737. [PMID: 33345713 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1859520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable diagnosis for diarrhoeal disease is critically important for the differentiation of etiological agents and subsequent suitable treatment modalities. The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal pattern in the occurrence of rotavirus in diarrheic children, calves and piglets from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 115 diarrhoeal samples were collected, out of which 51 were collected during post-monsoon/autumn (September 2018-November 2018) and 64 during the winter season (December 2018-February 2019). The samples were collected from children <5 years (n = 50), piglets <3 months (n = 35) and calves <6 months of age (n = 30). These samples were screened by ribonucleic acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by targeting the VP6 gene of rotavirus A (RVA) and the two were compared. In RNA-PAGE 29.4% (5/17), 6.3% (1/16) and 0% (0/18) samples collected from children, calves and piglets, respectively were rotavirus positive during the autumn season while 45.5% (15/33), 21.4% (3/14) and 17.7% (3/17) samples in the winter season. In RT-PCR, 41.2% (7/17), 12.5% (2/16) and 0% (0/18) samples were rotavirus positive in the autumn season while 51.5% (17/33), 28.6% (4/14) and 29.4% (5/17) samples in winter season collected from children, calves and piglets, respectively. On statistical analysis, no significant difference between the season and number of positives in children and calves (p > 0.05) was observed, however in piglets significantly higher number of RVA positives were detected in the winter season than autumn (p < 0.01). The diagnostic test comparison of RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR showed no statistically significant difference in detecting the RVA positives (p > 0.05). Overall the percent positivity showed a seasonal pattern with higher positivity in winter as compared to autumn season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Malla
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Zunjar Baburao Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Anukampa Kadwalia
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gazanfar Abass
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Kaushal Kishore Rajak
- Division of Veterinary Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ishfaq Maqbool
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Aquil Mohmad
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Vivekanandhan Rangaraju
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Arfa Fayaz
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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12
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Zhang L, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Sun J, Yan S, Gao W, Shao Y, Bai Y, Wu Y, Yan Z, Sheng S, Lai A, Su S. A TaqMan Probe-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Subtypes G1 and G2, and Porcine Rotavirus Groups A and C. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081819. [PMID: 36016441 PMCID: PMC9413770 DOI: 10.3390/v14081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine viral diarrhea diseases affect the swine industry, resulting in significant economic losses. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) genotypes G1 and G2, and groups A and C of the porcine rotavirus, are major etiological agents of severe gastroenteritis and profuse diarrhea, particularly among piglets, with mortality rates of up to 100%. Based on the high prevalence rate and frequent co-infection of PEDV, RVA, and RVC, close monitoring is necessary to avoid greater economic losses. We have developed a multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR for the rapid simultaneous detection and differentiation of PEDV subtypes G1 and G2, RVA, and RVC. This test is highly sensitive, as the detection limits were 20 and 100 copies/μL for the G1 and G2 subtypes of PEDV, respectively, and 50 copies/μL for RVA and RVC, respectively. Eighty-eight swine clinical samples were used to evaluate this new test. The results were 100% in concordance with the standard methods. Since reassortment between porcine and human rotaviruses has been reported, this multiplex test not only provides a basis for the management of swine diarrheal viruses, but also has the potential to impact public health as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zitong Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiumeng Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shiyu Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenting Gao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuekun Shao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhe Bai
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zefei Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shouzhi Sheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Alexander Lai
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601, USA
| | - Shuo Su
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Xu X, Ye S, Zuo X, Fang S. Impact of Guar Gum and Locust Bean Gum Addition on the Pasting, Rheological Properties, and Freeze-Thaw Stability of Rice Starch Gel. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36010508 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the gel texture and stability of rice starch (RS) by natural hydrocolloids is important for the development of gluten-free starch-based products. In this paper, the effects of guar gum and locust bean gum on the pasting, rheological properties, and freeze−thaw stability of rice starch were investigated by using a rapid visco analyzer, rheometer, and texture analyzer. Both gums can modify the pasting properties, revealed by an increment in the peak, trough, and final viscosities, and prevent the short-term retrogradation tendency of RS. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements also indicated that the starch−gum system exhibits superior viscoelastic properties compared with starch alone, as revealed by its higher storage modulus (G′). Compared with the control, the hysteresis loop area of the guar gum-containing system and locust bean gum-containing system was reduced by 37.7% and 24.2%, respectively, indicating that the addition of gums could enhance shear resistance and structure recovery properties. The thermodynamic properties indicated that both gums retard short-term retrogradation as well as long-term retrogradation of the RS gels. Interestingly, the textural properties and freeze−thaw stability of the RS gel were significantly improved by the addition of galactomannans (p < 0.05), and guar gum was more effective than locust bean gum, which may be due to the different mannose to galactose ratio. The results provide alternatives for gluten-free recipes with improved texture properties and freeze−thaw stability.
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14
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Chen MH, Bett-Garber K, Lea J, McClung A, Bergman C. High Resistant Starch Rice: Variation in Starch Related SNPs, and Functional, and Sensory Properties. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010094. [PMID: 35010220 PMCID: PMC8750951 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diets containing greater resistant starch (RS) are associated with superior glycemic control. Although high amylose rice has higher RS (29 g/kg to 44 g/kg) than lower amylose content varieties, sensory and processing properties associated with RS have not been evaluated. This study used variants of Waxy and starch synthase II a (SSIIa) genes to divide high amylose (256 g/kg to 284 g/kg) varieties into three haplotypes to examine their effects on RS, RVA parameters, and 14 cooked rice texture properties. RVA characteristics were influenced by both genes with peak and hotpaste viscosity differentiating the three haplotypes. Setback from hotpaste viscosity was the only RVA parameter correlated with RS content across three haplotypes (r = −0.76 to −0.93). Cooked rice texture attributes were impacted more by Waxy than by SSIIa with initial starch coating, roughness, and intact particles differentiating the three haplotypes. Pairwise correlation (r = 0.46) and PCA analyses suggested that roughness was the only texture attribute associated with RS content; while protein content influenced roughness (r = 0.49) and stickiness between grains (r = 0.45). In conclusion, variation exists among genetic haplotypes with high RS for sensory traits that will appeal to diverse consumers across the globe with limited concern for negatively affecting grain processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsuan Chen
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karen Bett-Garber
- Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (K.B.-G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeanne Lea
- Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (K.B.-G.); (J.L.)
| | - Anna McClung
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA;
| | - Christine Bergman
- Food and Beverage Department, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
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15
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Abdou NEMI, Majeed QAH, Saad AA, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Bowen MD, Samy A. Cross-sectional study and genotyping of rotavirus-A infections in ruminants in Kuwait. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:245. [PMID: 34273992 PMCID: PMC8286158 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are zoonotic pathogens responsible for acute enteritis in human and neonatal ruminants. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of RVA in ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) and investigate the circulating RVA genotypes in these animals in Kuwait. We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect RVA in ruminants, using an immunochromatography test (IC), direct sandwich ELISA test, and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay using fecal samples. Results A total of 400 cattle, 334 sheep, and 222 goats were examined. The prevalence of RVA was 5.3, 1.2, and 2.3%, respectively, using IC. The ELISA test detected RVA from 4.3% of cattle, 0.9% of sheep, and 1.8% of goats. There was a significant association between the occurrence of diarrhea and the presence of RVA in bovine fecal samples (p-value = 0.0022), while no statistical association between diarrhea and the presence of RVA in fecal samples of sheep and goats was observed (p-value = 0.7250; p-value = 0.4499, respectively). Twenty-three of the IC-positive samples (17 from cattle, two from sheep, and four from goats) were tested using a RT-qPCR RVA detection assay targeting the NSP3 gene. The results showed that 21 of 23 IC-positive samples tested positive by RT-qPCR. Detection of RVA genotypes revealed that G10P[11] was the predominant strain in cattle (58.8%), followed by G8P[1] (11.7%). One sheep sample was genotyped as G8P[1]. In addition, G6P[1] and G6P[14] were detected in goat samples. Conclusion The present study revealed that the IC was more sensitive in detecting RVA antigen in fecal samples than the ELISA test. A higher occurrence of RVA infection was observed in cattle than in sheep and goats. This study suggests that RVA might be a risk factor of diarrhea in bovine calves less than 2 weeks old. This research also demonstrates the circulation of RVA in sheep and goat populations in Kuwait. Finally, the G10P[11] RVA genotype was the most prevalent genotype identified from cattle samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02944-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadra-Elwgoud M I Abdou
- Early Warning Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases-Gulf Cooperation Council, PAAFR, P.O. box 21422, 1307 Safat,, Rabyia, Farwanyia, Kuwait. .,Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Qais A H Majeed
- Department of Science, College of Basic Education, PAAET, 23167,, Aridyia, Farwanyia, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf A Saad
- Virology lab., Veterinary Laboratories, PAAFR, 1307 Safat,, Rabyia, Farwanyia, Kuwait.,Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Attia Samy
- Virology lab., Veterinary Laboratories, PAAFR, 1307 Safat,, Rabyia, Farwanyia, Kuwait.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Banga-Mingo V, Esona MD, Betrapally NS, Gautam R, Jaimes J, Katz E, Waku-Kouomou D, Bowen MD, Gouandjika-Vasilache I. Whole gene analysis of a genotype G29P[6] human rotavirus strain identified in Central African Republic. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:218. [PMID: 34059133 PMCID: PMC8166134 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rotavirus A (RVA) remains the main causative agent of gastroenteritis in young children and the young of many mammalian and avian species. In this study we describe a RVA strain detected from a 6-month-old child from Central African Republic (CAR). RESULTS We report the 11 open reading frame sequences of a G29-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 rotavirus strain, RVA/Human-wt/CAR/CAR91/2014/G29P[6]. Nine genes (VP1-VP3, VP6, NSP1-NSP5) shared 90-100% sequence similarities with genogroup 2 rotaviruses. Phylogenetically, backbone genes, except for VP3 and NSP4 genes, were linked with cognate gene sequences of human DS-1-like genogroup 2, hence their genetic origin. The VP3 and NSP4 genes, clustered genetically with both human and animal strains, an indication genetic reassortment human and animal RVA strains has taken place. The VP7 gene shared nucleotide (93-94%) and amino acid (95.5-96.7%) identities with Kenyan and Belgian human G29 strains, as well as to buffalo G29 strain from South Africa, while the VP4 gene most closely resembled P[6]-lineage I strains from Africa and Bangladesh (97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Banga-Mingo
- Laboratoire Des Virus Entériques/Rougeole, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Ave de L’Indépendance, BP 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Mathew D. Esona
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Naga S. Betrapally
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Rashi Gautam
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Jose Jaimes
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Eric Katz
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Diane Waku-Kouomou
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Michael D. Bowen
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
- Laboratoire Des Virus Entériques/Rougeole, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Ave de L’Indépendance, BP 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
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17
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Kuerten D, Kotliar K, Fuest M, Walter P, Hollstein M, Plange N. Does hemispheric vascular regulation differ significantly in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field asymmetry? A single-center, prospective study. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3109-3119. [PMID: 34009518 PMCID: PMC8364541 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Vascular risk factors and ocular perfusion are heatedly discussed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The retinal vessel analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS Systems, Germany) allows noninvasive measurement of retinal vessel regulation. Significant differences especially in the veins between healthy subjects and patients suffering from glaucoma were previously reported. In this pilot-study we investigated if localized vascular regulation is altered in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry. Methods 15 eyes of 12 glaucoma patients with advanced altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry were included. The mean defect was calculated for each hemisphere separately (−20.99 ± 10.49 profound hemispheric visual field defect vs −7.36 ± 3.97 dB less profound hemisphere). After pupil dilation, RVA measurements of retinal arteries and veins were conducted using the standard protocol. The superior and inferior retinal vessel reactivity were measured consecutively in each eye. Results Significant differences were recorded in venous vessel constriction after flicker light stimulation and overall amplitude of the reaction (p < 0.04 and p < 0.02 respectively) in-between the hemispheres. Vessel reaction was higher in the hemisphere corresponding to the more advanced visual field defect. Arterial diameters reacted similarly, failing to reach statistical significance. Conclusion Localized retinal vessel regulation is significantly altered in glaucoma patients with asymmetric altitudinal visual field defects. Veins supplying the hemisphere concordant to a less profound visual field defect show diminished diameter changes. Vascular dysregulation might be particularly important in early glaucoma stages prior to a significant visual field defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kuerten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Kotliar
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Muriel Hollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niklas Plange
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Elkady G, Zhu J, Peng Q, Chen M, Liu X, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen H, Guo A. Isolation and whole protein characterization of species A and B bovine rotaviruses from Chinese calves. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 89:104715. [PMID: 33434703 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) account for severe diarrhea in children and young animals globally. In the current study, the fecal samples of diarrheic calves from a beef farm in Inner Mongolia were screened for RVA by ELISA and RT-PCR, followed by culture of three positive RVA samples in the MA-104 cell line. After 10 blind passages, cytopathic effects (CPE) appeared as detachment, granulation, and clustering of the inoculated cells. The virus isolates were identified by RT-PCR (VP6 gene RVA) and ESI-LC-MS/MS for whole protein sequencing. The protein sequences demonstrated the presence of two strains from species A rotavirus and one RVB strain; RVA/Cow-tc/CHN/35333/2019/G6P[5] was mixed with one RVB strain (RVB/Cow-tc/CHN/35334/2019/G5P[3]) in two samples, and RVA/Cow-tc/CHN/10927/2019/G8P[7] was found in one sample. They are of genotype constellations (G6-P[5]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3), (G8-P[7]-I5-R1-C1- M2-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1), and (G5-P[3]-I3-R5-C5-A5-N4-H5), respectively. Besides, phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences demonstrated viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Elkady
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingjie Peng
- Wuhan Keqian Biology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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19
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Esona MD, Gautam R, Katz E, Jaime J, Ward ML, Wikswo ME, Betrapally NS, Rustempasic SM, Selvarangan R, Harrison CJ, Boom JA, Englund J, Klein EJ, Staat MA, McNeal MM, Halasa N, Chappell J, Weinberg GA, Payne DC, Parashar UD, Bowen MD. Comparative genomic analysis of genogroup 1 and genogroup 2 rotaviruses circulating in seven US cities, 2014-2016. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab023. [PMID: 34522389 PMCID: PMC8432945 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a decade, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) has conducted active rotavirus (RVA) strain surveillance in the USA. The evolution of RVA in the post-vaccine introduction era and the possible effects of vaccine pressure on contemporary circulating strains in the USA are still under investigation. Here, we report the whole-gene characterization (eleven ORFs) for 157 RVA strains collected at seven NVSN sites during the 2014 through 2016 seasons. The sequenced strains included 52 G1P[8], 47 G12P[8], 18 G9P[8], 24 G2P[4], 5 G3P[6], as well as 7 vaccine strains, a single mixed strain (G9G12P[8]), and 3 less common strains. The majority of the single and mixed strains possessed a Wa-like backbone with consensus genotype constellation of G1/G3/G9/G12-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, while the G2P[4], G3P[6], and G2P[8] strains displayed a DS-1-like genetic backbone with consensus constellation of G2/G3-P[4]/P[6]/P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Two intergenogroup reassortant G1P[8] strains were detected that appear to be progenies of reassortment events between Wa-like G1P[8] and DS-1-like G2P[4] strains. Two Rotarix® vaccine (RV1) and two RV5 derived (vd) reassortant strains were detected. Phylogenetic and similarity matrices analysis revealed 2-11 sub-genotypic allelic clusters among the genes of Wa- and DS-1-like strains. Most study strains clustered into previously defined alleles. Amino acid (AA) substitutions occurring in the neutralization epitopes of the VP7 and VP4 proteins characterized in this study were mostly neutral in nature, suggesting that these RVA proteins were possibly under strong negative or purifying selection in order to maintain competent and actual functionality, but fourteen radical (AA changes that occur between groups) AA substitutions were noted that may allow RVA strains to gain a selective advantage through immune escape. The tracking of RVA strains at the sub-genotypic allele constellation level will enhance our understanding of RVA evolution under vaccine pressure, help identify possible mechanisms of immune escape, and provide valuable information for formulation of future RVA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D Esona
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Rashi Gautam
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Katz
- Cherokee Nation Assurance, Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jose Jaime
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Leanne Ward
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary E Wikswo
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naga S Betrapally
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Slavica M Rustempasic
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jan Englund
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mary Allen Staat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Monica M McNeal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Natasha Halasa
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Chappell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Weinberg
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Shoeib A, Velasquez Portocarrero DE, Wang Y, Jiang B. First isolation and whole-genome characterization of a G9P[14] rotavirus strain from a diarrheic child in Egypt. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:896-901. [PMID: 32552988 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual group A rotavirus (RVA) strain (RVA/Human-tc/EGY/AS997/2012/G9[14]) was isolated for the first time in a faecal sample from a 6-month-old child who was hospitalized for treatment of acute gastroenteritis in Egypt in 2012. Whole-genome analysis showed that the strain AS997 had a unique genotype constellation: G9-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T1-E2-H1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain AS997 had the consensus P[14] genotype constellation with the G9, T1 and H1 reassortment. This suggests either a mixed gene configuration originated from a human Wa-like strain and a P[14]-containing animal virus, or that this P[14] could have been acquired via reassortment of human strains only. The study shows the possible roles of interspecies transmission and multiple reassortment events leading to the generation of novel rotavirus genotypes and underlines the importance of whole-genome characterization of rotavirus strains in surveillance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Shoeib
- Environmental Research Division, National Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Egypt
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Yuhuan Wang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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21
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Zeng Y, Zhao B, Li T, Zhang S, Wang Y, Xu H, Ge S, Xia N. Molecular characterization of an uncommon multigene Reassortant G1P[4] rotavirus identified in China. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 85:104413. [PMID: 32535160 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in both young children and animals. In this study, we analyzed the complete genome sequence of a rare G1P[4] rotavirus, which was identified from the stool samples (20130113) of an infant with diarrhea in Chongqing, China. The genotype constellation of strain 20130113 was G1-P[4]-I2-R1-C1-M1-A2-N2-T1-E1-H1. The results of both BLAST and phylogenic analysis indicated that 20130113 was likely generated by genetic reassortment between G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains that co-circulated during the season. Whether the emergence of this uncommon genotype reflects the establishment of a new RVA strain in the population requires continuous monitoring of rotavirus epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China
| | - Biyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China.
| | - Shiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development, Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biological Products, School of public health, Xiamen university, Xiamen, China; The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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22
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Khan MSS, Basnet R, Ahmed S, Bao J, Shu Q. Mutations of OsPLDa1 Increase Lysophospholipid Content and Enhance Cooking and Eating Quality in Rice. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E390. [PMID: 32245281 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids belong to a significant class of lipids and comprise ~10% of total lipids in rice grains. Lysophospholipid (LPL) is derived from the hydrolysis of phospholipids and plays an important role in rice grain quality. Our previous study demonstrated that mutations in a phospholipase D gene (OsPLDα1) significantly altered lipid metabolites and reduced phytic acid content. In the present study, the effect of two ospldα1 mutations on LPL and other physicochemical prosperities of brown rice was further investigated, with the aim of assessing the overall importance of ospldα1 mutations in rice grain quality. Metabolite profiling revealed a ~15% increase in LPL level in both ospldα1 mutants as compared with their wild-type (WT) parent. Both ospldα1 mutations significantly lowered the apparent amylose content in brown rice flour (~1.9%) and altered viscosity profiles with significantly increased breakdown (+12.4%) and significantly reduced setback viscosity (−6.2%). Moreover, both ospldα1 mutations significantly lowered the gelatinization onset, peak temperature and retrogradation percentage of brown rice flour. This study demonstrated that OsPLDα1 plays a crucial role in rice grain quality and its mutation could, in general, improve the cooking and eating quality and nourishment of brown rice.
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Masatcioglu MT, Koksel F. Functional and thermal properties of yellow pea and red lentil extrudates produced by nitrogen gas injection assisted extrusion cooking. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6796-6805. [PMID: 31368528 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are excellent opportunities for greater incorporation into our diets of pulses, which are rich in proteins and dietary fibers, if their functional properties are modified to fit a wide range of applications in the food industry. The objective of this research was to produce high protein and fiber extrudates from yellow pea and red lentil flours using conventional and N2 gas injection assisted extrusion cooking methods. The effects of process variables on extrudate functional and thermal properties were also investigated. RESULTS The cold viscosity of extrudates produced by N2 gas injection were higher than those produced by conventional extrusion, indicating that gas-assisted extrusion does affect the end-product pasting properties. At higher barrel temperatures (150-175 °C) extrudates did not exhibit any thermal transition in their thermograms, and thus their starches were completely gelatinized and proteins completely denatured during extrusion. In general, water solubility of extrudates produced by N2 gas injection was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those produced by conventional extrusion. Emulsion capacity and stability of yellow pea extrudates were in the range of 44-50% and 42-47%, respectively, and the counterpart values of red lentil extrudates were very similar (in the range of 43-47% and 43-46%, respectively). CONCLUSION Nitrogen gas injection assisted extrusion cooking can be used practically in development of pulse extrudates which contain high protein and dietary fiber. This novel and innovative technique is a reliable alternative method to the conventional CO2 gas injection assisted extrusion cooking methods in the snack food and food ingredient industries. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filiz Koksel
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Ali S, Singh B, Sharma S. Impact of Feed Moisture on Microstructure, Crystallinity, Pasting, Physico-Functional Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Twin-Screw Extruded Corn and Potato Starches. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2019; 74:474-480. [PMID: 31392533 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of extrusion feed moisture (FM) on the microstructure, pasting, physico-functional properties and in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) of corn and potato starches was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry and a rapid visco-analyser. Starches were extruded at 14, 18 and 22% FM with an extrusion temperature of 100 °C and a screw speed of 100 rpm. Extruded starches showed lower L* (lightness) values and higher a* and b* values than native starches. An increase in FM increased the L* values and decreased the a* and b* values of extruded starches. Extrusion resulted in complete destruction and reduced crystallinity of the starch structure. Extruded starches showed a lower water absorption index (WAI), peak viscosity (PV), final viscosity (FV), breakdown viscosity (BDV) and setback viscosity (SBV) with a higher water solubility index (WSI) and IVSD than native starches. FM showed a negative correlation with the WSI and IVSD and a positive correlation with the WAI, PV, FV, BDV and SBV of extruded starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Ma ZH, Wang YB, Cheng HT, Zhang GC, Lyu WY. Biochemical composition distribution in different grain layers is associated with the edible quality of rice cultivars. Food Chem 2019; 311:125896. [PMID: 31791726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying the association of differences in endosperm biochemical composition with nutrient and edible quality can guide rice breeding and cultivation. In this study, very-low-amylose-content (LAC), Japanese good-taste (JTC), Northeast China good-taste (CTC), and Northeast China high-yield (CHC) cultivars were milled to obtain four layers (L1-L4) from outside-in, and then analyzed for apparent amylose content (AAC), protein content (PC), amino acids, soluble sugars, and minerals. The association of these compositions and Rapid-Visco analysis values with taste was also examined. LAC had low AAC, high amino acid and mineral content, and the highest taste value. Taste was significantly affected by AAC and soluble sugar in L3, and by PC in the L2 layer. High levels of amino acid in L2 and L3 improved the taste, as did Mg, P, and Ca in L1. On the whole, starch factors had the highest contribution to taste, followed by minerals, amino acids, and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China.
| | - Yong-Bing Wang
- Gansu Yasheng Agricultural Research Institute Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, Gansu 730010, China
| | - Hai-Tao Cheng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Guang-Cai Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Wen-Yan Lyu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China.
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da Silva Medeiros TN, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. G and P genotype profiles of rotavirus A field strains circulating in beef and dairy cattle herds in Brazil, 2006-2015. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:90-98. [PMID: 31174706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to use RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing analysis to determine the G (VP7 gene) and P (VP4 gene) genotypes of 155 Brazilian bovine rotavirus A (RVA) wild-type strains detected in diarrheic calves from all Brazilian geographical regions from 2006 to 2015. The RVA strains evaluated belonged to the G6, G10, P[5], and P[11] genotypes. The G6P[5] genotype was prevalent (65.5%; P < 0.05) in beef, and the G10P[11] (38.4%) and G6P[11] (30.8%) genotypes were more prevalent in dairy cattle herds. The Midwest was the region with the highest number of genotyped RVA strains, where the genotypes G6, P[5], and P[11] were identified. Genotype combination G6-IV/P[5]-IX, prevalent in beef herds, and G6-III/P[11]-III or G10-IV/P[11]-III, prevalent in dairy herds, were detected. In addition, for the first time in Brazil, we detected the P[5] and P[11] genotype RVA strains that belong to lineage II and VII, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Neris da Silva Medeiros
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT - Leite), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT - Leite), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT - Leite), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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27
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Yan N, Tang C, Kan R, Feng F, Yue H. Genome analysis of a G9P[23] group A rotavirus isolated from a dog with diarrhea in China. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 70:67-71. [PMID: 30796978 PMCID: PMC7106249 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genotype G9 is an emerging genotype among species A rotavirus (RVA) circulating in humans and pigs worldwide. In this study, an RVA strain designated RVA/Dog-tc/CHN/SCCD-A/2017/G9P[23] was isolated in cell culture from a pet dog stool sample with acute diarrhea, and its whole genome was sequenced. The genotype constellation of SCCD-A was G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. All genome segments except the VP1 gene were closely related to the genes from porcine RVA strains or porcine-like human RVA strains. On the other hand, the VP1 gene clustered in a distinct lineage only with that of a G5P[6] porcine-like human RVA, preventing the identification of the exact host species origin, but very unlikely to be originated from human RVA. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed that the G9 VP7 gene of SCCD-A clustered into a novel sublineage within the lineage III of G9. This first isolation of a G9P[23] RVA from a pet dog may justify the exploration of the role dogs play in the interaction of RVA circulating in pigs and humans. First identified G9P[23] group A rotavirus from dog and the genome of RVA/Dog-tc/CHN/SCCD-A/2017/G9P[23]was determined. The strain’s genotype constellation as G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. G9P[23] from dog may justify the exploration of the role dogs play in the interaction of RVA circulating in pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, China
| | - Ruici Kan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, China.
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Fritzen JTT, Oliveira MV, Lorenzetti E, Miyabe FM, Viziack MP, Rodrigues CA, Ayres H, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Longitudinal surveillance of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in a high milk yield dairy cattle herd after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:260-264. [PMID: 30827398 PMCID: PMC7117106 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RVA vaccination program reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in dairy calves. The vaccination immune pressure can select specific genotypes in RVA field strains. RVA genotype G10P[11] in fecal samples of calves from G6P[5] vaccinated dairy cattle herds.
Worldwide, neonatal diarrhea is one of the most important health issues affecting dairy calves, and rotavirus A (RVA) is one of its primary causes. Among the measures to mitigate the risk of diarrhea outbreaks, cow vaccination stands out as one of the most important. However, the immune pressure resulting from routine vaccination may be able to select specific G and P genotypes in RVA field strains. This study aimed to determine the frequency and intensity of neonatal diarrhea and the incidence of RVA and attempted to monitor the G and P genotypes present in the RVA strains circulating in a high milk yield cattle herd vaccinated with RVA G6P[5] strain. Fecal samples (n = 1220) from 122 Holstein heifer calves between 0–30 days old that were born from RVA-vaccinated cows were collected at 10 different time points, regardless of the presence or absence of diarrhea. The presence of RVA in fecal samples was determined by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique and confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). G and P amplicons from 10 RVA-positive fecal samples from calves of different ages and collections were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. The proportion of the calves and fecal samples that were positive for RVA were 62.3% (76/122) and 8.1% (99/1220), respectively. Using sequence analysis, all 10 RVA field strains presented genotype G10P[11]. The protection of G6P[5] vaccination is clear, as this genotype was not detected in this study, and it is known that vaccination against RVA reduces the incidence of diarrhea independent of genotype involved. This result demonstrates the importance of epidemiological monitoring of RVA genotypes circulating in vaccinated dairy cattle herds to the early detection of new potential pathogenic RVA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T T Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia M Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Viziack
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ/USP. 87, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rodrigues
- SAMVET, 1600, Getúlio Vargas Ave, Jardim São Paulo, 13570-390, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henderson Ayres
- MSD Animal Health, 296, Dr. Chucri Zaidan Ave, Vila Cordeiro, 50030-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT - LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Samodien E, Jewell JF, Loedolff B, Oberlander K, George GM, Zeeman SC, Damberger FF, van der Vyver C, Kossmann J, Lloyd JR. Repression of Sex4 and Like Sex Four2 Orthologs in Potato Increases Tuber Starch Bound Phosphate With Concomitant Alterations in Starch Physical Properties. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1044. [PMID: 30083175 PMCID: PMC6064929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To examine the roles of starch phosphatases in potatoes, transgenic lines were produced where orthologs of SEX4 and LIKE SEX FOUR2 (LSF2) were repressed using RNAi constructs. Although repression of either SEX4 or LSF2 inhibited leaf starch degradation, it had no effect on cold-induced sweetening in tubers. Starch amounts were unchanged in the tubers, but the amount of phosphate bound to the starch was significantly increased in all the lines, with phosphate bound at the C6 position of the glucosyl units increased in lines repressed in StSEX4 and in the C3 position in lines repressed in StLSF2 expression. This was accompanied by a reduction in starch granule size and an alteration in the constituent glucan chain lengths within the starch molecule, although no obvious alteration in granule morphology was observed. Starch from the transgenic lines contained fewer chains with a degree of polymerization (DP) of less than 17 and more with a DP between 17 and 38. There were also changes in the physical properties of the starches. Rapid viscoanalysis demonstrated that both the holding strength and the final viscosity of the high phosphate starches were increased indicating that the starches have increased swelling power due to an enhanced capacity for hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Samodien
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan F. Jewell
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kenneth Oberlander
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gavin M. George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fred F. Damberger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy Platform, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christell van der Vyver
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James R. Lloyd
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Dorati F, Barrett GA, Sanchez-Contreras M, Arseneault T, José MS, Studholme DJ, Murillo J, Caballero P, Waterfield NR, Arnold DL, Shaw LJ, Jackson RW. Coping with Environmental Eukaryotes; Identification of Pseudomonas syringae Genes during the Interaction with Alternative Hosts or Predators. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020032. [PMID: 29690522 PMCID: PMC6027264 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the ecological success of plant pathogens is critical to develop strategies for controlling diseases and protecting crops. Recent observations have shown that plant pathogenic bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas, exist in a range of natural environments away from their natural plant host e.g., water courses, soil, non-host plants. This exposes them to a variety of eukaryotic predators such as nematodes, insects and amoebae present in the environment. Nematodes and amoeba in particular are bacterial predators while insect herbivores may act as indirect predators, ingesting bacteria on plant tissue. We therefore postulated that bacteria are probably under selective pressure to avoid or survive predation and have therefore developed appropriate coping mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae are able to cope with predation pressure and found that three pathovars show weak, but significant resistance or toxicity. To identify the gene systems that contribute to resistance or toxicity we applied a heterologous screening technique, called Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA), for anti-predation and toxicity mechanisms. Three cosmid libraries for P. syringae pv. aesculi, pv. tomato and pv. phaseolicola, of approximately 2000 cosmids each, were screened in the susceptible/non-toxic bacterium Escherichia coli against nematode, amoebae and an insect. A number of potential conserved and unique genes were identified which included genes encoding haemolysins, biofilm formation, motility and adhesion. These data provide the first multi-pathovar comparative insight to how plant pathogens cope with different predation pressures and infection of an insect gut and provide a foundation for further study into the function of selected genes and their role in ecological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Dorati
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK.
| | - Glyn A Barrett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK.
| | | | - Tanya Arseneault
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Research and Development Centre, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada.
| | - Mateo San José
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK.
| | | | - Jesús Murillo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain.
| | - Nicholas R Waterfield
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA1 9BJ, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Dawn L Arnold
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Liz J Shaw
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK.
| | - Robert W Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK.
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Utsumi T, Wahyuni RM, Doan YH, Dinana Z, Soegijanto S, Fujii Y, Juniastuti, Yamani LN, Matsui C, Deng L, Abe T, Soetjipto, Lusida MI, Ishii K, Shimizu H, Katayama K, Shoji I. Equine-like G3 rotavirus strains as predominant strains among children in Indonesia in 2015-2016. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 61:224-228. [PMID: 29614325 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals worldwide. As a result of the segmented nature of the rotavirus genome, genetic reassortment commonly occurs. This study aims to clarify the genetic characteristics of RVAs circulating in Indonesia. From June 2015 through August 2016, stool samples were collected from 134 children aged <5 years (71 male and 63 female) with acute gastroenteritis who were inpatients at a private hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. All stool samples were screened for RVA antigen using immunochromatography. Forty-two samples (31.3%, 42/134) were RVA antigen-positive. All RVA positive samples tested showed the unusual combinations of G3P[8] (n = 36) and G3P[6] (n = 3) with a short RNA pattern by G/P typing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Whole genome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for 11 strains to determine the RVA genotypes. Eleven rotavirus strains were found to carry a DS-like genetic backbone; nine strains showed a G3-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genome constellation, which was recently reported in Australia, Hungary, Spain and Brazil; as well, two strains showed a G3-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genome constellation. The phylogenetic tree based on the VP7 gene showed that all 11 strains were classified as equine-like G3, which is genetically distinct and different in origin from typical human G3 strains. The phylogenetic tree based on the NSP4 gene showed that six strains were classified as bovine-like strain and the remaining five were classified as human strain. In conclusion, we identified the strains which are intergenogroup reassortants containing an equine-like G3 VP7, a P[8])/P[6] VP4, with a DS-1-like genetic backbone. These findings suggest that equine-like G3P[8] and P[6] RVA strains have been circulating in the Indonesian population for at least 1 year and probably longer, indicating a diversity of RVAs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Utsumi
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rury Mega Wahyuni
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yen Hai Doan
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zayyin Dinana
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soegeng Soegijanto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoshiki Fujii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juniastuti
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Laura Navika Yamani
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lin Deng
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Soetjipto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Bucsella B, Takács Á, von Reding W, Schwendener U, Kálmán F, Tömösközi S. Rheological and stability aspects of dry and hydrothermally heat treated aleurone-rich wheat milling fraction. Food Chem 2017; 220:9-17. [PMID: 27855940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel aleurone-rich wheat milling fraction developed and produced on industry scale is investigated. The special composition of the novel flour with high protein, dietary fiber and fat content results in a unique combination of the mixing and viscosity properties. Due to the high lipid concentration, the fraction is exposed to fast rancidity. Dry heat (100°C for 12min) and hydrothermal treatment processes (96°C for 6min with 0-20 L/h steam) were applied on the aleurone-rich flour to modify the technological properties. The chemical, structural changes; the extractability of protein, carbohydrate and phenolic components and the rheological characteristics of the flours were evaluated. The dry treated flour decreased protein and carbohydrate extractability, shortened dough development time, reduced gel strength and enhanced the gelling ability. Hydrothermal treatment caused changes in the phenolic content improved the dough stability and -resistance. Heat treatment processes were able to extend the stability of the flour.
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Rocha TG, Silva FDF, Gregori F, Alfieri AA, Buzinaro MDG, Fagliari JJ. Longitudinal study of bovine rotavirus group A in newborn calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy herds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:783-790. [PMID: 28321789 PMCID: PMC7088669 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reports of rotavirus excretion in calves usually result from cross-sectional studies, and in face of the conflicting results regarding protection of calves born to vaccinated dams against diarrhea, the aim of the present study was to evaluate rotavirus excretion in dairy calves born to vaccinated or unvaccinated dams, to identify the genotypes of bovine rotavirus group A (RVA) strains isolated from these animals as well as to investigate characteristics of the disease in naturally occurring circumstances throughout the first month of life. Five hundred fifty-two fecal samples were taken from 56 calves, 28 from each farm and, in the vaccinated herd, 11/281 samples (3.91%) taken from six different calves tested positive for RVA while in the unvaccinated herd, 3/271 samples (1.11%) taken from 3 different calves tested positive. The genotyping of the VP7 genes showed 91.2% nucleotide sequence identity to G6 genotype (NCDV strain), and for the VP4 gene, strains from the vaccinated herd were 96.6% related to B223 strain, while strains from the unvaccinated herd were 88% related to P[5] genotype (UK strain). Genotypes found in this study were G6P[11] in the vaccinated herd and G6P[5] in the unvaccinated herd. All calves infected with rotavirus presented an episode of diarrhea in the first month of life, and the discrepancy between the genotypes found in the commercial vaccine (G6P[1] and G10P[11]) and the rotavirus strains circulating in both vaccinated and unvaccinated herds show the importance of keeping constant surveillance in order to avoid potential causes of vaccination failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Gomes Rocha
- Research Laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP14884-900, Brazil. .,, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14870-720, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Dornelas Florentino Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gregori
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Maria da Glória Buzinaro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - José Jurandir Fagliari
- Research Laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP14884-900, Brazil
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Alrajoula MT, Al Zayed IS, Elagib NA, Hamdi MR. Hydrological, socio-economic and reservoir alterations of Er Roseires Dam in Sudan. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:938-948. [PMID: 27288976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Er Roseires Dam plays a key role in controlling the Blue Nile flow in Sudan. This study explores the influence of the dam on the hydrological regimes, which in turn have implications for the ecosystem. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) - based on a set of 32 indicators - was applied over the period 1965 to 2014 to establish a safe range of river flow. Moreover, remotely-sensed data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to analyse the spatio-temporal variation of the dam's reservoir area over the period 2000-2014. Significant influence on the dry-season hydrological indicators is expressed by high negative hydrological alteration of the range from -47% to -100%, but the dam contributes positively through flow regulation during the flood season. Impounding water procedure and fluctuation of water flow caused by the dam are found to induce significant alterations. Releasing less water during the dry season and more gradual impounding process, which are not expected to affect the power generation or irrigation practices, are recommended for better ecological restoration. The total surface area of the reservoir has changed post the implementation of the dam heightening project. Since 2012, the lake surface area has expanded by 250%. Relationships between the lake size and the head have been developed to help in the monitoring of the hydrological conditions and, accordingly, in managing the dam operation. A field survey showed that the dam plays a positive social role as the reservoir supports local activities, such as fishery, farming, and collection of wood and fruits. But increased humidity and health problems have also been noted. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) would have a direct effect on Er Roseires Dam and the river flow downstream. High level of coordination among the riparian countries is recommended for better river water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taher Alrajoula
- Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), Technische Hochschule Köln, Betzdorferstr. 2, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Islam Sabry Al Zayed
- Nile Basin department, Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI), Delta Barrage 13621, Egypt
| | - Nadir Ahmed Elagib
- Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), Technische Hochschule Köln, Betzdorferstr. 2, 50679 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Moshrik R Hamdi
- Department of Civil & Infrastructure Engineering, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Isolation of an unusual G26P[13] group A rotavirus strain from piglets with diarrhea in Brazil. Virus Genes 2016; 52:586-91. [PMID: 27083572 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the identification of an unusual G26P[13] genotype combination in a porcine group A rotavirus (RVA) strain. In a retrospective study, the VP7 (G type) and VP4 (P type) genes of porcine RVA Brazilian field strains identified in two diarrheic suckling piglets were amplified by RT-PCR and subjected to sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed the G26P[13] RVA genotype in one strain (BRA381) and G26P[X] in the other (BRA382). This study presents evidence of porcine RVA G26 genotype circulating in a Brazilian pig herd.
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Luo J, Jobling SA, Millar A, Morell MK, Li Z. Allelic effects on starch structure and properties of six starch biosynthetic genes in a rice recombinant inbred line population. Rice (N Y) 2015; 8:15. [PMID: 25844120 PMCID: PMC4385112 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of six starch biosynthetic genes (Wx, SSI, SSIIa, SBEI, SBEIIa and SBEIIb) in indica and japonica rices opens an opportunity to produce a new variety with more favourable grain starch quality. However, there is limited information about the effects of these six gene allele combinations on starch structure and properties. A recombinant inbred line population from a cross between indica and japonica varieties offers opportunities to combine specific alleles of the six genes. RESULTS The allelic (indica vs japonica) effects of six starch biosynthetic genes on starch structure, functional properties, and abundance of granule bound proteins in rice grains were investigated in a common genetic background using a recombinant inbred line population. The indica Wx (Wxi) allele played a major role while indica SSI (SSIi), japonica SSIIa (SSIIaj) and indica SBEI (SBEIi) alleles had minor roles on the increase of amylose content. SSIIaj and japonica SBEIIb (SBEIIbj) alleles had a major and a minor role on high ratio of ∑DP ≤ 10 to ∑DP ≤ 24 fractions (RCL10/24), respectively. Both major alleles (Wxi and SSIIaj) reduced peak viscosity (PV), onset, peak and end gelatinization temperatures (GTs) of amylopectin, and increased amylose-lipid complex dissociation enthalpy compared with their counterpart-alleles, respectively. SBEIIai and SBEIIbj decreased PV, whereas SSIi and SBEIIbj decreased FV. SBEIi reduced setback viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy. RCL10/24 of chain length distribution in amylopectin is negatively correlated with PV and BD of paste property and GTs of thermal properties. We also report RILs with superior starch properties combining Wxi, SSIj, SSIIaj, SBEIi and SBEIIbj alleles. Additionally, a clear relation is drawn to starch biosynthetic gene alleles, starch structure, properties, and abundance of granule bound starch biosynthetic enzymes inside starch granules. CONCLUSIONS Rice Wxi and SSIIaj alleles play major roles, while SSIi, SBEIi, SBEIIai and SBEIIbj alleles have minor roles in the determination of starch properties between indica and japonica rice through starch structural modification. The combination of these alleles is a key factor for starch quality improvement in rice breeding programs. RCL10/24 value is critical for starch structure and property determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixun Luo
- />CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- />College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Stephen A Jobling
- />CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony Millar
- />College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Matthew K Morell
- />CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- />International Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Zhongyi Li
- />CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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Luo J, Jobling SA, Millar A, Morell MK, Li Z. Allelic effects on starch structure and properties of six starch biosynthetic genes in a rice recombinant inbred line population. Rice (N Y) 2015; 8:15. [PMID: 25844120 DOI: 10.1186./s12284-015-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of six starch biosynthetic genes (Wx, SSI, SSIIa, SBEI, SBEIIa and SBEIIb) in indica and japonica rices opens an opportunity to produce a new variety with more favourable grain starch quality. However, there is limited information about the effects of these six gene allele combinations on starch structure and properties. A recombinant inbred line population from a cross between indica and japonica varieties offers opportunities to combine specific alleles of the six genes. RESULTS The allelic (indica vs japonica) effects of six starch biosynthetic genes on starch structure, functional properties, and abundance of granule bound proteins in rice grains were investigated in a common genetic background using a recombinant inbred line population. The indica Wx (Wxi) allele played a major role while indica SSI (SSIi), japonica SSIIa (SSIIaj) and indica SBEI (SBEIi) alleles had minor roles on the increase of amylose content. SSIIaj and japonica SBEIIb (SBEIIbj) alleles had a major and a minor role on high ratio of ∑DP ≤ 10 to ∑DP ≤ 24 fractions (RCL10/24), respectively. Both major alleles (Wxi and SSIIaj) reduced peak viscosity (PV), onset, peak and end gelatinization temperatures (GTs) of amylopectin, and increased amylose-lipid complex dissociation enthalpy compared with their counterpart-alleles, respectively. SBEIIai and SBEIIbj decreased PV, whereas SSIi and SBEIIbj decreased FV. SBEIi reduced setback viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy. RCL10/24 of chain length distribution in amylopectin is negatively correlated with PV and BD of paste property and GTs of thermal properties. We also report RILs with superior starch properties combining Wxi, SSIj, SSIIaj, SBEIi and SBEIIbj alleles. Additionally, a clear relation is drawn to starch biosynthetic gene alleles, starch structure, properties, and abundance of granule bound starch biosynthetic enzymes inside starch granules. CONCLUSIONS Rice Wxi and SSIIaj alleles play major roles, while SSIi, SBEIi, SBEIIai and SBEIIbj alleles have minor roles in the determination of starch properties between indica and japonica rice through starch structural modification. The combination of these alleles is a key factor for starch quality improvement in rice breeding programs. RCL10/24 value is critical for starch structure and property determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixun Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia ; College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Stephen A Jobling
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony Millar
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Matthew K Morell
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia ; International Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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Abstract
Texture differences of cooked quinoa were studied among 13 different varieties. Correlations between the texture parameters and seed composition, seed characteristics, cooking quality, flour pasting properties, and flour thermal properties were determined. The results showed that texture of cooked quinoa was significantly differed among varieties. 'Black,' 'Cahuil,' and 'Red Commercial' yielded harder texture, while '49ALC,' '1ESP,' and 'Col.#6197' showed softer texture. '49ALC,' '1ESP,' 'Col.#6197,' and 'QQ63' were more adhesive, while other varieties were not sticky. The texture profile correlated to physical--chemical properties in different ways. Protein content was positively correlated with all the texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters. Seed hardness was positively correlated with TPA hardness, gumminess, and chewiness at P ≤ 0.09. Seed density was negatively correlated with TPA hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, whereas seed coat proportion was positively correlated with these TPA parameters. Increased cooking time of quinoa was correlated with increased hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The water uptake ratio was inversely related to TPA hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Rapid Visco Analyzer peak viscosity was negatively correlated with the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (P < 0.07); breakdown was also negatively correlated with those TPA parameters (P < 0.09); final viscosity and setback were negatively correlated with the hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness (P < 0.05); setback was correlated with the adhesiveness as well (r = -0.63, P = 0.02). Onset gelatinization temperature (To ) was significantly positively correlated with all the texture profile parameters, and peak temperature (Tp ) was moderately correlated with cohesiveness, whereas neither conclusion temperature (Tc ) nor enthalpy correlated with the texture of cooked quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Wu
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
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Rose TL, Marques da Silva MF, Goméz MM, Resque HR, Ichihara MYT, Volotão EDM, Leite JPG. Evidence of vaccine-related reassortment of rotavirus, Brazil, 2008-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1843-6. [PMID: 24188273 PMCID: PMC3837663 DOI: 10.3201/eid1911.121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of 27 rotavirus strains from vaccinated and unvaccinated children revealed reassortment events in 3 strains: a gene derived from a vaccine; a gene acquired from a circulating strain; and reassortment between circulating strains. Data suggest that the widespread use of this monovalent rotavirus vaccine may introduce vaccine genes into circulating human rotaviruses or vice versa.
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Zeng J, Gao H, Li G. Functional properties of wheat starch with different particle size distribution. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:57-62. [PMID: 23605955 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional properties of wheat starches with different particle size distribution were investigated. RESULTS A-granules displayed a disc shape and B-granules displayed a spherical shape. A-granules had the highest conclusion temperature (Tc , 80.28 °C) and gelatinisation enthalpy (3.268 J g(-1)) and B-granules had the highest peak temperature (Tp, 66.00 °C) and the lowest gelatinisation enthalpy (2.237 J g(-1)). The gelatinisation onset temperature (To), the peak temperature (Tp), Tc and retrogradation of mixed starches increased with the increase of the ratio of B-granules, while the enthalpy, all the viscosity parameters and syneresis of mixed starches decreased with the increase of the ratio of B granules. B-granules had a higher pasting temperature. The sample of B/A = 0.5/10 had the highest peak, breakdown and final viscosity. The percentage of water separated from B-granule gels was minimal, indicated that B-type gels were more stable than other samples. The ΔH2 of A-granules was obviously higher than that of B-granules. However, during storage, the ΔH2 of the starch paste was dramatically increased and the ΔH2 of B-granules was obviously higher than that of A-granules. CONCLUSION B-granules were easier to age than A-granules and most of the properties of wheat starches varied significantly with the ratio of B-granules. The relationship between structure and functionality of wheat starch received further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Huang J, Chen Z, Xu Y, Li H, Liu S, Yang D, Schols HA. Comparison of waxy and normal potato starch remaining granules after chemical surface gelatinization: pasting behavior and surface morphology. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 102:1001-7. [PMID: 24507375 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To understand the contribution of granule inner portion to the pasting property of starch, waxy potato starch and two normal potato starches and their acetylated starch samples were subjected to chemical surface gelatinization by 3.8 mol/L CaCl2 to obtain remaining granules. Native and acetylated, original and remaining granules of waxy potato starch had similar rapid visco analyzer (RVA) pasting profiles, while those of two normal potato starches behaved obviously different from each other. All remaining granules had lower peak viscosity than the corresponding original granules. Contribution of waxy potato starch granule's inner portion to the peak viscosity was significant more than those of normal potato starches. The shell structure appearing on the remaining granule surface for waxy potato starch was smoother and thinner than that for normal potato starches as observed by scanning electron microscopy, indicating a more regular structure of shell and a more ordered packing of shell for waxy potato starch granules. The blocklet size of waxy potato starch was smaller and more uniform than those of normal potato starches as shown by atomic force microscopy images of original and remaining granules. In general, our results provided the evidence for the spatial structure diversity between waxy and normal potato starch granules: outer layer and inner portion of waxy potato starch granule had similar structure, while outer layer had notably different structure from inner portion for normal potato starch granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- Food Innovation Centre, AVEBE, Transportweg 11, 9645KZ Veendam, The Netherlands
| | - Yalun Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuxing Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Daqing Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, 710021 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Dundar AN, Gocmen D. Effects of autoclaving temperature and storing time on resistant starch formation and its functional and physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:764-71. [PMID: 23911513 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study effects of autoclaving temperature (140-145°C) and storing time (24, 48 and 72 h) on resistant starch (RS) formation from high amylose corn starch were investigated and functional and pasting properties of RS preparations were determined. High autoclaving temperature (145 °C) and long storing time (72 h) showed beneficial impacts on RS formation. Significant decreases were observed in all RVA viscosities of RS preparations as the autoclaving temperature increased. There was significant effect of storage time on all RVA parameters of RS preparations within each autoclaving temperature. The water binding values of RS preparations autoclaved at 145 °C were higher than those of the samples autoclaved at 140 °C. RS preparations had approximately 2-fold higher emulsion capacity values than the native starch. Thermal enthalpy (ΔH) values of RS preparations were lower than those of native starch. Autoclaving temperature and storing time had no effects on TO and TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Neslihan Dundar
- Uludag University, Faculty of Agric., Dep. of Food Eng., 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
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He B, Lu Z, He W, Wu L, Cui B, Hu X, Yu L, Huang C, Jiang H. Effects of ganglionated plexi ablation on ventricular electrophysiological properties in normal hearts and after acute myocardial ischemia. Int J Cardiol 2012; 168:86-93. [PMID: 23041007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganglionated plexi (GP) ablation has been shown to play an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) initiation and maintenance. Also, GP ablation increases chances for prevention of AF recurrence. This study investigated the effects of GP ablation on ventricular electrophysiological properties in normal dog hearts and after acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). METHODS Fifty anesthetized dogs were assigned into normal heart group (n=16) and AMI heart group (n=34). Ventricular dynamic restitution, effective refractory period (ERP), electrical alternans and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were measured before and after GP ablation in the normal heart group. In the AMI heart group, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and VFT were determined. RESULTS In the normal heart group, GP ablation significantly prolonged ERP, facilitated electrical alternans but did not increase ERP dispersion, the slope of restitution curves and its spatial dispersion. Also, GP ablation did not cause significant change of VFT. In the AMI heart group, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias after GP ablation was significantly higher than that in the control group or the GP plus stellate ganglion (SG) ablation group (P<0.05). Spontaneous VF occurred in 8/12, 1/10 and 2/12 dogs in the GP ablation group, the GP plus SG ablation group and the control group, respectively (P<0.05). VFT in the GP ablation group showed a decreased trend though a significant difference was not achieved compared with the control or the GP plus SG ablation group. CONCLUSIONS GP ablation increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in the AMI heart compared to the normal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, PR China
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Claver IP, Zhang H, Li Q, Zhu K, Zhou H. Impact of the soak and the malt on the physicochemical properties of the sorghum starches. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:3002-15. [PMID: 21152287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Starches were isolated from soaked and malted sorghum and studied to understand their physicochemical and functional properties. The swelling power (SP) and the water solubility index (WSI) of both starches were nearly similar at temperatures below 50 °C, but at more than 50 °C, the starch isolated from malted sorghum showed lower SP and high WSI than those isolated from raw and soaked sorghum. The pasting properties of starches determined by rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) showed that malted sorghum starch had a lower viscosity peak value (86 BU/RVU) than raw sorghum starch (454 BU/RVU). For both sorghum, X-ray diffractograms exhibited an A-type diffraction pattern, typical of cereal starches and the relative degrees of crystallinity ranged from 9.62 to 15.50%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that raw sorghum starch showed an endotherm with a peak temperature (Tp) at 78.06 °C and gelatinization enthalpies of 2.83 J/g whereas five-day malted sorghum starch had a Tp at 47.22 °C and gelatinization enthalpies of 2.06 J/g. Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of all starch suspensions increased steeply to a maximum at 70 °C and then decreased with continuous heating. The structural analysis of malted sorghum starch showed porosity on the granule’s surface susceptible to the amylolysis. The results showed that physicochemical and functional properties of sorghum starches are influenced by soaking and malting methods.
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